Cone Snails
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- Опубликовано: 26 сен 2024
- Jason Biggs, of the University of Guam Marine Laboratory, demonstrates his work on the deadly venom of cone snails. There are more than 10,000 living species of cone snails, and their venom is important as medicine to treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer.
Find out more at voiceofthesea.org.
Cone snails are absolutely cute and absolutely beautiful!❤❤❤
I can testify that no fish stung has developed cancer.
Great video this is the 5th time I have watched this video and it is very informative and interesting, amazing work he is doing i hope he can help end the scurge of cancer.
Amazing video! I wish it was about a 2 hour video. There wasn't "filler", so I didn't want the video to end.
Well that was awkward. I would not want to be cornered, I mean interviewed by her!
Excellent interview.
I love cone snails. They are my favorite and most beautiful of the snails. I have my colection!. Excellent video in this 2020!.
This is the reason why I am not gonna go into the ocean.
"you watch them very carefully if you pick them up" says someone who wants to see his darwin award coming.
Best day of his life lol
10:27 : cone snails practice combinatorial chemistry, they use multiple drugs at the same time to immobilize the prey.
10:50: related species have related families of peptides that hit the same molecular targets in the prey ; for example they have the same types of peptides that stop muscles from contracting.
11:15 : But each cone snail species has a completely unique venom ; they work on the same receptors but they are slightly if not quite different.
12:05 : it is estimated that each cone snail produces 150 to 200 different active constituents in its venom. And with 700 different known species, we think there is at least 200K different active peptides to be uncharacterized.
13:00 : their behaviour coevolves with their venom. Some species have a much less powerful venom but have a very strong tooth... they don't even wait for the venom to kick in but try to pull the fish into its mouth. Another species) has a powerful venom that works almost instantaneously, and its tooth is completely different and so is the way it approches its prey, you can see confidence in the snail almost.
13:50 : (their behaviour is an indicator of the potency of their venom), especially the way they react to being handled by humans. (which) is a very very good indicator of whether or not they are dangerous.
14:40 : there are many different strategies for venom. A lot of snails attack the red blood cells and tha actual circlatory system of the prey. It coagulates the blood. Others like spiders target the nervous system, like all snails do. Bees tend to target broad acting cells peptides and make the cells explode, there is a lot of pain, a lot of information at the site and it's localized. Cone snails, from what we've seen so far, show venom constituents of every other venomous animal. They attack the nervous system, cells, and the blood although instead of coagulating the blood they try and digest the blood, they open up the wound more so that the venom can profuse throughout the tissues.
15:50 : cone snails seem extremely highly evolved, with some of the smallest peptides or gene products known in the venom world. For example, spider venoms have about 180 aminoacids per toxin ; the venom of some cone snails have only 20 aminoacids.
17:16 : the cone snail venoms are very characterized, we know a lot of the exact neural toxins and where they act. So we know the receptor. And most of these receptors are on the nerves or on part of the nerves.
17:40 : a lot of the late-stage cancer phenotypes seem to express these same receptors, except they're in the body.
18:08 : cancer cells express these receptors that are only found in the brain
18:50 : Conotoxin MVIIA, that comes from Conus magus venum, is the first and (so far only) FDA-approved drug that comes from a marine ressource. It's synthesized, thanks to the chemistry being very simple.
23:30 : we don't know how many species there are. The more we look, the more we find. In Guam we know of about 85 species (at the time of interview, 2016 ?).
24:35 : Conus textile and admiral (C. ammiralis) like to dig through rubble, often find them 2 or 3 m down into a rubble pile, they like to move quite a bit up and down in the strata.
26:55 : most of the threat for cone snails comes from the shell trade.
27:05 : there is no known antivenom because each species has a unique venom so you can't really make an antivenom for cone snails.
27:40 : some details on the trump/tube/siphon/folded flap,
28:54 on the eyes
29:48 : 3 or 4 glands inside the body are hooked up to the proboscis and the tube, so I hypothesized that they also produce other venom components that we haven't even discovered before. One of the glands we've looked at, the salivary gland, also has unique venom components.
30:23 : Jon-Paul Bingham (uni of Hawai) works on breeding them in captivity
31:08 : in some species, offsprings hatch and directly crawl out of the shell. Others have planctonic stages and most of them have planctonic stages that vary anywhere from 2 to 6 or 8 weeks.
32:04 : one of the ideas (of venom uses) is for sports medicine, in the case of bone breaks : the venom could be used to paralyse the broken member for a couple of weeks to prevent secondary damages to the tissues near the broken bone, which are caused by movements of the muscles near the break ; this would noticeably reduce the time needed for healing the break.
33:20 : there are things in bee venom that makes cells explode. Bee venom, as well as cone snail venom, are started to be worked out for hand sanitizers, also as topical anesthetics and antibiotics because broad spectrum things that make cells explode can be used to sterilize.
@0:40 Lol. "Bitten" she says.
All snails that have a tube are predators??
No
"Toxic Beauties" ( ͡o_ ͡o)
Ai im hav ben stung cone snal🤕🤕🤕🤕
😮😮😮
I would be nervous as hell too. trying to be scientific, but impress the beautiful woman in the lab.I realise how sexist that sounds, but they don't come any prettier than that.Why not some slo-mo of the injection? The snail I mean.
"Why not some slo-mo of the injection": coz the cameraman can't hold his cam steady even for a normal take, so forget about a close-up.
He lien they kill those snails
PINN. ME