Latin & Greek of the Geologic Timescale
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- Опубликовано: 30 июн 2024
- What do Earth history names like Mesozoic, Pleistocene, and Achean mean? In this video, I'll show you the Latin and Gre.k etymologies of the major eons, eras, periods, and epochs, from the first singular celled life to the evolution of the dinosaurs and beyond.
For more Latin and Greek in Geology, see these videos:
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Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart
#latin #greek #geology
0:00 Intro
2:19 Phanerozoic Eon & Paleozoic Era
4:01 Mesozoic Era
5:41 Cenozoic Era
As a young Greek kid, loving paleontology, it was always so much easier for me to memorize and understand all these complex words (including dinosaur names). I cant imagine how hard and alien they must sound to an english speaker.
Funnily enough, the fact that dinosaur names came naturally to me when I was little meant learning Attic Greek was considerably easier for me, I had a built in vocabulary for hundreds of morphemes
I'm a French speaker studying geology. I don't speak Greek, but with time, I think words derived from Greek became more natural to me as I noticed affixes and roots occurring a lot and learnt what some of them mean. For example, I know that something with 'clast' in its name ('cataclastite', 'porphyroclaste', etc.) probably has something to do with rock breaking into fragments.
As an American English native, scientific terms like these were my first exposure to Greek. They didn't sound completely alien due to the American pronunciations, but they did sound "off" like they didn't fit with the rest of the language, and I did notice they were compounds of smaller words that formed several other scientific terms.
Είναι πολύ πιο εύκολο να μάθεις κάτι αν γνωρίζεις την σημασία του 🙂
@@ParallelogramCHAlso, think of the word "iconoclast".
"Some dinosaurs still rule the skies today."
*Shows a picture of a majestic, POWERFUL duck*
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Haha you know it: ruclips.net/video/Xy5Ki33TY3E/видео.htmlsi=oUEjV1OsC01GXrog
ruclips.net/video/meNZPGV9XY4/видео.htmlsi=kugECOEdRuSN9jgP
@@polyMATHY_Luke thanks! The last one's great for helping me get used to the sound and grammar of Latin 😁
I never knew the connection between the Jurassic and the Helvetii! By my count that makes at least 5 periods named after Celtic tribes or the regions they inhabited (Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Jurassic)
That’s right! I’ll have to talk about that.
@@polyMATHY_Luke If I had to give an off the cuff explanation as to why, it’d be a combination of the codification of geology as a field taking place in Europe and the sheer widespread range of Celtic speaking peoples in the ancient world
You have way more, like _Rauracian_ , _Sequanian_ , _Rhaetian_
i never knew the name of the entire jurassic period came from the mountain range right next door to me lol
Geology, Paleontology, and Etymology: my three favorite topics. I must be in heaven.
Damn I never expected for two of some of my favorite subjects (Paleontology and Greek/Latin) to merge in this channel. You are truly full of pleasant surprises!
Thanks for watching! I have more like this:
ruclips.net/video/IQg9iCax7R8/видео.htmlsi=TuPpj5VGkU3L2S2X
ruclips.net/video/bhDgDNBofkg/видео.htmlsi=MFL9WZbXvPaxDB1p
I have just started to study biology so this video came handy when it comes to learning these eons and eras. I understood most of the graphems, but I want to know the terms by heart.
I've just start my journey in learning Latin, and discovered your channel. Looking forward to watching your back catalogue, thanks for all your efforts, you cover so many interesting topics
Nice mention for CAMBRIA | Cymru 👌🏴
Silurian and Ordovician are Welsh too 😉
Always loved this kind of stuff, but the names were always confusing to me. Wow this makes it so much more interesting. Thanks luke!
I’m delighted! I’ll have to make more of these
Excellent video!
Geometry is also full of Greek terminology.
I used to give Latin and Greek scientific names to people's creations in a speculative evolution forum. Someone also wanted ideas of names of future time periods and I still remember two that I came up with, "eschatocene" for the last epoch of cenozoic, and "plusiozoic" for the next era
Yess loved this!
You're combining your big interests! Amazing to see :)
I’m so happy that I have members of my audience that like both! Thanks for watching
Nice Carl Sagan impression! He really had a strange way of speaking! :)
Haha thanks! I really enjoy watching Cosmos and imitating him. A true inspiration he.
Great video mixing etymology with geology/paleontology!
I admire how you touch several topics. I would like to be as disciplined as you in order to study more and be stronger. Congrats and blessings.
you should cover the new percy jackson series! in the last episode they speak a few strings of what I belive is ancient Greek. love your content btw :D
Perfect video once again!
Very kind!
love this video!
Glad you liked it!
Very cool video
This amateur Latinist and geology student is going to complete his geology field camp in France, partially in the Jura Mountains, this coming May and June. I'm very excited because it's an intersection of two of my interests. The French city we'll be staying in, Besançon, is actually mentioned in Caesar's Comentarii. At the time, it was a Gallic settlement known as Vesontio. Caesar camped at the site. There are several Roman buildings left in the city (one of which is a block away from my Airbnb!) including an aqueduct which is still used! My structural geology professor, who grew up in this town and is organizing the field camp, says one of the excursions we'll be doing involves entering the source of the aqueduct which is locked and not normally opened to tourists. There's Roman graffiti inside!
That’s incredible! I envy your good fortune, what a wonderful experience that will be! Enjoy.
Do you plan on continuing your Ancient Greek in Action series? I really enjoyed it❤
Absolutely! It is being revamped
This is so cool, 2 of my favourite topics to explore, Latin & Geologic Timescale, great informational video!
Apart from the infamous Triassic, Jurassic & Cretaceous, my favourite period being the Pliocene mostly for the Marine Life that feels all too foreign yet familiar at the same time.
Good choice! Thanks for watching and sharing
Him: Speaks Latin.
Me: Ba-ppi di bu-ppi🤌
😂😂😂😂😂
Have you looked into the mystery of the Roman dodecahedron?
Cool
❤❤❤
It's either Greek, Latin or a place name.
And carboniferous.
And Ediacaran (which IIRC is aboriginal)
Which of these is the most authentic Classical translation:
Nonne ovum aut pullum primum venit?
Quae prima; ovum aut pullum?
Quae primum ovum aut pullum?
Quae prima; pullum vel ovum?
Quae prima, pullus an ovum?
Nonne ovum primum pervenit aut pullum?
Nonne primo vel ovum pullus venit?
Nonne prius venit pullus, an ovum fuit?
An primum ovum pervenit, an pullus fuit?
How do you transliterate Poseidon from Ancient Greek then? Knowing you, there's probably already a mention in that video you alluded to! Going to check it out now.
Right, so Ποσειδῶν would come regularly into Latin as Posīdōn. Somehow it never gets transliterated in any Classical author, however, all of whom prefer to write Neptūnus when invoking this deity. Yet we have names like the city Ποσειδωνίᾱ which is Posīdōnia in Latin. In any case, ει before consonants becomes ī in Latin.
But from the Renaissance when Western Europeans took an interest in Classical Greek, they assumed the monophthongal nature of ει to be a corruption (it wasn’t; the quality in Classical Attic was /e:/), and when Ποσειδῶν was adapted into modern languages, they spelled it incorrectly as Poseidon, Poseidone etc depending on the language. The reason this is incorrect is that all the other names of the Greek gods that came through Latin show ει > i. Thus we have absurdities like Italians saying /ei/ in the name Poseidone, believing they’ve restored the ancient “diphthong,” when it was in fact merely a digraph.
So I find it embarrassing. At least the English pronunciation reflects the right change.
@@polyMATHY_Luke Accordingly, why do you say in the video writing "Plistocene" would obscure the /i:/ as it came to be rendered in English? I fail to see the difference between Pleistocene and Poseidon except for the historical context you provide in this comment - that aside, though, why wouldn't "Posidon" also obscure the /i:/?
@@perisemiotics3204 not necessarily, Aphrodite is pronounced with a diphthong in english, i assume Luke is proposing that the same change would occur in Posidon as well.
@@polyMATHY_Luke σοὶ δὲ εὐχαριστῶ!
thank you for sharing your passion. what a fascinating little fossil of both history and transliteration.
I'm working on my master thesis in business and find this fascinating... I think I chose my career path wrong 😂😂😂😂
edit: ah i see you address this later in the video, the intro is a bit confusing tho on this topic
I discuss this in detail in the video. Did you watch it, my friend?
@@polyMATHY_Luke yes i edited my comment after continuing to watch. it is a great video!
What do you think of the spelling of the English word "seismic" and the pronunciation (roughly) [sajzmɪk]? If I recall correctly, W.S. Allen is slightly annoyed by the pronunciation, but, given your work on the ει vowel, you might be the opposite, liking the pronunciation but not the spelling.
Great question. I’d say this is the same issue: either we write sismic and pronounce it /ai/, or we leave the ei spelling which maybe pronounced /ai/ in English, such as “either” is pronounced half the time.
I didn’t know Allen was annoyed by the pronunciation of “seismic” in English. It seems to follow the usual pattern nicely.
How are όλος and "whole" NOT cognates?
The Latin cognate would have to be something like "solus". I'm not sure how it would come out in proto-Germanic and then English.
They might very well be and share the same *PIE* root!
"Whole: From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”), from Old English hāl (“healthy, safe”), from Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, safe, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“healthy, whole”).
The spelling with wh-, introduced in the 15th century, was for disambiguation with hole, and was absent in Scots."
A Greek /h/ and an English /h/ do not correspond. A Greek /h/ corresponds with English /s/ and sometimes /j/ or /w/, and an English /h/ corresponds with a Greek /k/.
@@servantofaeie1569 You are absolutely correct and I am not unaware of this. Good response.
Con i video di Luke Ranieri, prima metto mi piace, e poi inizio a guardare il video.
Molto grato
if your going to be talking about/going to places further into the rockies and the northwest you might be interested in nick zetners lectures on some of the new theories on rockies and cascades formation integrated seismic mapping and paleomagnetism
ruclips.net/p/PLcKUIuDhdLl_QcOQSI2aHUOKcmMXuYaSZ
i recomend the bottom three or just the rockies one, it also goes to explain a lot of the uplifted magma chambers that can be seen in the northwest
OMG Dinosaurs 🦕
Επειδή μάλλον ξέρεις να διαβάζεις νέα ελληνικά, πως τους πετσοκόβεις έτσι σε κάθε βίντεο ρε τεράστιε?!?! Ρανιέρι άρχοντα, πάρε μας τα υπάρχοντα!!!
holo and whole dont share any pie branches in common, whole is isolated to germanic and balto slavic, its possible some kind of loaning or nativization is going on, unless of course wiktionary has lied to me
Yes indeed, strange and wonderful
4:20 no the triassic is named so because of a succession of three asses
Meaning three units of Ancient Roman currency?
@@polyMATHY_Luke good one 🤣
But why tho? Why not just use a scheme that's more descriptive? I always have this same gripe woth medicine. Why make it artificially harder. Yeah, greek and latin rule. But we dont teach them in the modern day. So why not just use germanic names? Or use numbers?
Heck, look at Portuguese. They ditched the names for days of the week (Based on ancient gods/planets, for reasons that no longer make sense) despite being the literal child language of latin. And instead said "What if we call the first day of the week «first-day», and so on". I for one respect that
it`s because in older times they used latin as a lingua franca of europe. In these times you had to learn latin to be understood and recognized as a researcher in europe. Because all Ancient Greek is considered valid latin, the researchers used both to create scientific words. It made their publications easier to understand.
the entire world took the science knowledge from mostly the europe repository. No one cared to change the words to their languages due to the amount: there are thousands of latin and greek words. It's cheaper and faster to teach the new learners the old words than to create new from the language.
besides, if one finds a new concept important, coining from latin/greek will make the word easily translatable between indo-european languages(since they mostly change a bit of the pronunciation and orthography).
Also, I speak portuguese. Sunday and Saturday are "domingo" e "sábado". Those come also from latin and ancient greek. your example is , at minimum, improper.
I agree the system is bad. But, it's the best we have, no one wants the herculean effort to change words and reeducate people.
@@fisicogamer1902 > No one cared to change the words to their languages due to the amount: there are thousands of latin and greek Words.
Not no one! Just look at how these are named in Japanese (they mostly used Chinese roots, which are very much still understandable to Japanese speakers, instead of Greek and Latin ones):
- 顕生代 ken-sei-dai 'clear-life-era' (Phanerozoic)
- 原生代 gen-sei-dai 'origin-life-era' (Proterozoic)
- 太古代 taiko-dai 'ancient-era' (Archean)
- 冥王代 meiō-dai 'underworld-king-era' (Hadean)
- 新生代 shin-sei-dai 'new-life-era' (Cenozoic)
- 中生代 chū-sei-dai 'middle-life-era' (Mesozoic)
- 古生代 ko-sei-dai 'old-life-era' (Paleozoic)
- 完新世 kan-shin-sei 'complete-new-epoch' (Holocene)
- 更新世 kō-shin-sei 'more-new-epoch' (Pleistocene)
- 鮮新世 sen-shin-sei 'fresh-new-epoch' (Pliocene)
- 中新世 chū-shin-sei 'middle-new-epoch' (Miocene)
- 漸新世 zen-shin-sei 'slowly-new-epoch' (Oligocene) - I'll admit I had to look up 漸
- 始新世 shi-shin-sei 'start-new-epoch' (Eocene)
- 暁新世 gyō-shin-sei 'dawn-new-epoch' (Paleocene) - had to look up 暁
- 白亜紀 hakua-ki 'chalk-period' (Cretaceous)
- ジュラ紀 jura-ki 'Jura-period' (Jurassic)
- 三畳紀 san-jō-ki 'three-layer-period' (Triassic)
- ペルム紀 perumu-ki 'Perm-period' (Permian)
- 石炭紀 sekitan-ki 'coal-period' (Carboniferous)
- デボン紀 debon-ki 'Devon-period' (Devonian)
- シルル紀 shiruru-ki 'Silure-period' (Silurian)
- オルドビス紀 orudobisu-ki 'Ordovice(?)-period' (Ordovician)
- カンブリア紀 kamburia-ki 'Cambria-period' (Cambrian)
Well those last ones are proper names, so there's not much they could've done...
So basically the names of the eras are really stupid. I mean seriously? "Old New" "A Little Bit New"???
I wouldn’t say that at all. I was playing at their silliness, but καινός also means “recent”. So the Cenozoic is the recent era of life. Within it are different epochs of relative recency: ancient, early, etc. All taxonomy in every language is usually just by convention. Think of the street you live on (unless it’s numbered like in New York): why does it have to be called “Elm” or “Warwick”? They’re all stupid.
Why is your first name what it is instead of Xanthippus? Most names are arbitrary.
@@polyMATHY_Luke What I am getting at is that people would have a lot less reverence for these seemingly fancy and scientific names if they were not rendered in Latin and Greek but rather were literally, English, "Old New" "Somewhat New" etc.
They sound stupid because they're direct translations of ancient languages into English, ignoring it's cultural context
First
holy shit this video is so cool. I study math do you think you could collab with a mathematician and dig into the latin/greek etymology of mathematical terms? most of the terminology that isn't outright latin still comes from french, especially in algebraic geometry
That sounds like a great idea. Thanks for watching!