Penicillin | Mechanism | Resistance | Adverse Effects

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Penicillin and other antibiotics in the beta-lactam family contain a characteristic four-membered beta-lactam ring. Penicillin kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation.
Penicillin resistance results either from the acquisition of plasmids that encode β-lactamase or from chromosomal mutations.
Penicillin V and G can have adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, abdominal pain, and urticaria.