Pectoral Surface Landmark | Clavicle | Jugular Notch | Sternal Angle | Epigastric Fossa | Nipple

#anatomy #upperlimb #thorax #pectoral #chest #landmarks #clavicle #sternum #ribs
The clavicle lies horizontally at the root of the neck, separating it from the front of the chest. The bone is subcutaneous, and therefore, palpable throughout its length. Medially, it articulates with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint, and laterally with the acromion process at the acromioclavicular joint. Both the joints are palpable because of the upward projecting ends of the clavicle . The sternoclavicular joint may be masked by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
The jugular notch (interclavicular or suprasternal notch) lies between the medial ends of the clavicles, at the superior border of the manubrium sterni.
The sternal angle (angle of Louis) is felt as a transverse ridge about 5 cm below the jugular notch . It marks the manubriosternal joint.
Laterally, on either side, the second costal cartilage joins the sternum at this level. The sternal angle thus serves as a landmark for identification of the second rib. Other ribs can be identified by counting downwards from the second rib.
The fossa overlies the xiphoid process, and is bounded on each side by the seventh costal cartilage.
The nipple is markedly variable in position in females. In males, and in immature females, it usually lies in the fourth intercostal space just medial to the midclavicular line; or 10 cm from the midsternal line. In fact, the position of the nipple is variable even in males.
The midclavicular line passes vertically through the middle of clavicle, the tip of the ninth costal cartilage and the midinguinal point.

[@DhammeDheyne]

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[@medlecto5507]

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[@jemimahademola925]

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[@medlecto5507]

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