PCB Prototyping Part 1: Etching and Tin Plating (Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, Liquid Tin)
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- Опубликовано: 25 июл 2024
- Here's how to make circuit boards at home. This first video covers how to expose, etch and tin plate a PCB. The general process is:
1. Print your masks onto transparencies. If you want to do 10mil traces (6-8mil is possible too, but with more failures) you need at least 1200dpi. 600dpi is not good enough.
2. Expose your board.
3. Develop with a mix of water and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
4. Etch with a mix of water, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
5. Tin plate with Liquid Tin.
The second video in this series shows how to apply a solder mask, how to solder the SMD components to the board, and finally a demo of the project. This design is a PC microphone amplifier.
• PCB Prototyping Part 2...
Supplies:
Exposure Kit amzn.to/2lHQAfe
Copper Clad Board, Presensitized amzn.to/2ma0M0Z or amzn.to/2lNrlbL
Transparencies for a laser printer amzn.to/2oWVOSR
Sodium Hydroxide amzn.to/2oKAwvL
Hydrogen peroxide (35%) amzn.to/2oKsZx6
Liquid Tin amzn.to/2lHR8BP
Laminator amzn.to/2kOGycW
Sodium Carbonate amzn.to/2lI18Lp
Gram Scale (you need at least 0.1g resolution) amzn.to/2qqUHuY
Tin Snips amzn.to/2oKNoSy
Hydrochloric Acid: go to a home improvement or pool store, it's very expensive online.
Solder Mask: search eBay for "dry film solder mask"
I am a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for me to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. 
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Excellent video! Now I'm anxiously waiting for that solder mask video.
Thanks for the demo of liquid tin, this makes the board look superb and is clearly quite simple to use.
Love the tin look!
solid video! loved it.
Best Matt
best home pcb i have seen
Thanks so much for the informative video. It helps
Top notch video. I will be subscribing.
That's cool, thanks man
Excellent video! The copper etching at the end was quite compelling. Hydrogen Peroxide sold for use in beauty salons is graded 10,20,30, and 40V. 40V is the strongest, and is equivalent to 12% hydrogen peroxide; 10V is 3%, 20V is 6%, 30V is 9%. I suspect your bottle, marked 30, is 30V, or 9% hydrogen peroxide.
For those having difficulty finding concentrated hydrogen peroxide: the easiest choice is probably to buy some cheap 3% hydrogen peroxide at Wal-Mart, and concentrate it through boiling it off. The water boils at 100 C, but hydrogen peroxide boils at 150 C; so just bring it to a bare simmer on the stove, and let the water evaporate out. In this fashion, you can turn a 32 ounce bottle of 3% hydrogen peroxide into 8 ounces of 12% hydrogen peroxide.
For reasons that are unclear, 40V clear developer (12% hydrogen peroxide) is stupidly expensive in Canada. You can easily drop $40 - $80 on a small quantity. Boiling it down is probably the most practical approach. >Charlie
Thanks for the info!
3% hydrogen peroxide works great using a 50% hydrogen peroxide 50% hydrochloric acid mixture! Warm it up!
Cool video , thanks :)
Thanks for sharing
Thank you for this video. It helped me a lot to crate nearly perfect pcb. The only problem I had was uneven exposure with my light
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19:04 Mountain Dew😍
LMFAO
hello sir. is liquid tin same as cloride tin ?
How well this process work for PCB's using QFN chip package?
How many times can we reuse the hcl + h2o2 solution? For pcb etching!
How do you neutralize and dispose of your used chemicals?
BTW your Amazon Hydrogen peroxide link is broken. It looks like either Amazon or their logistics options have restricted the transportation of higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. I didn't see anything official from them, but it's kinda implied by the sellers. When searching ""Hydrogen Peroxide 35%"" several sellers have listings stating that they are selling Hydrogen Peroxide 35% that was intentionally diluted to 12% 'for faster shipping.' The only listing I found on Amazon for 35% is $180 bucks. If I'm not mistaken, 12% would take about 2 to 3 times longer to etch with a 1:12 ratio of Sodium Hydroxide to a 12% concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide.
I just wish there was a chemical combo that could be sourced locally at big box home improvement stores.
BTW, I asked nurdrage about a way to make a cheap tin plating solution awhile back. They made a video about how to make your own solution using silver polish and other household chemicals as a cheap DIY replacement.
What’s the best way to cleanly cut the board? The tin snips tend to deform it a little in my experience
Tin snips has worked out best for me. You could cut it with a Dremel and cutting disk, but that makes a bigger mess and can be difficult to keep straight. If you cut the board before soldering things to it, it doesn't matter if it bends a little. (Just bend it back.)
@@upgrdman Thanks!
@@dd884e5d8a I use a CNC milling machine to cut (and drill). That's the easiest, but another way is to use a sharp razor style (or acrylic) knife to score the PCB multiple times and then snap of along a straight edge. That will give you a clean edge compared to the tin snips method. Definitely want to avoid cutting with dremel type tool, which will kick up too much fiberglass dust as well as being very hard to make a straight cut. Of course if your raw board size is too close to the size of your finished PCB it will be more difficult to use the score and snap approach.
@@burtbicksler1676 Since I asked that question I bought a 3018 CNC and I've been using it to cut & drill FR4 with it. Thank you for your thoughtful reply.
can u re-use your liquid tin ?
Yes, it can be reused many times. I made over 20 boards with mine.
Nc
Can i only use hydrochloric acid?
Hydrochloric acid with hydrogen peroxide has worked the best for me. I have also use ferric chloride with good results, and ammonium persulfate with acceptable results (but it was extremely slow.)
@@upgrdman just asking because I'm not sure if i can find hydrogen peroxide near me, i might have to do some research on that! Thanks!
Without chemical gloves you are using highly corrosive liquid... Safety first :)
Why do you pronounce it sauder it is spelt solder. Sold-er
That's the way most Americans pronounce it. Pronounce it however you like :)
And Canadians also pronounce it the same way...
Its the same phonetic dysfunction as makes Americans (who don't speak proper English) pronounce 'mirror' using some variation of murh. There might be a psychological link to the reasons why America irrationally still uses the old imperial system of measurement, despite allegedly being a metric country.
@@Captain_Nemo-y7qif you work with electronics and with home made pcb, you'll know that "imperial system" is the pitch used on every electronic chip, in fact the normal pitch between two pins of any IC is 2,54 mm, which is 1/10 of an inch.
Crazy if you want, but so it is. Probably the very first ICs were built in United States, and all machines made to drill, insert, soldering those ICs can't be changed now, nor all the Integrated Circuits in use.
I'm from Europe, and we use millimeters. We are not familiar with inches, and we don't love them at all.
But English and American people do use inches from centuries, and - equally - they don't love millimeters at all. Who is right ? We have to accept difference from us ...
Also we have hydraulics and gas pipes all in inches, they probably came from England than from America ... more far than 1492, when America was discovered ...
I etch boards all the time using 50% muriatic acid and 50% hydrogen peroxide. I warm the mixture up before putting the boards in. The etching process is absolutely complete within 3 to 3 and 1/2 minutes.