The Mongol Empire: The Golden Horde
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- Опубликовано: 9 авг 2021
- On his deathbed in 1227, the great conqueror of Asia and the Middle East, Genghis Khan, divided his kingdom into Khanates amongst his four sons.
The eldest son, Batu, inherited the westernmost part of the empire, covering Russia and Kazakhstan. The term Golden Horde refers to the Mongol rulers who dominated these lands for the two and a half centuries following the death of Genghis Khan.
The boundaries of the territory inherited by Batu included the upper Volga, the territory of the former Volga Bolgar state, Siberia to the Urals, the northern Caucasus, Bulgaria, Crimea, and Khwarizm in central Asia.
Batu spent several years consolidating the massive territory that he now had possession over. Then in 1235, he set out to expand the empire. His secret weapon in his push to the west was the brilliant and accomplished general Subatai, who had served as his father’s primary military strategist. Subatai swept into the Urals with his Mongol Army, overpowering the Bashkir ethnic community and then moving into Volga Bulgaria. Over the next three years, Batu greatly increased his Khanate by conquering the principalities of Kievan Rus in modern-day northern Ukraine and Western Russia.
Batu next headed his feared Mongol army west to invade Poland and Hungary. Five separate armies swept into Eastern Europe. Two of them attacked through Poland, with a southern army moving through Transylvania. The main army was led by Batu himself, with Subatai by his side. It attacked Hungary while the fifth army, led by Batu’s brother Shiban, invaded to the north of the main army in a wide-sweeping arc.
On April 9th, 1241, the Mongol army led by Baidar, the son of Batu Khan’s brother, met a combined force of Poles and Moravians under the command of Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia. The defending army was supported by feudal knights who had been sent by Pope Gregory IX to stop the forward march of the Mongols. Through a series of feigned retreats and vicious counterattacks, the Mongols won a spectacular victory. Duke Henry was left dead on the field of battle along with thousands of his men. The Mongols cut the right ear off the enemy dead and ended with nine bulging sackfuls.
Two days later, on April 11th, Batu led his army against the forces of the Kingdom of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. A Mongolian vanguard had attempted to cross the Sajo River and surround the Hungarian army the night before but had been discovered and slaughtered to the last man. Early the next morning the main Mongolian army attacked. After sustaining heavy losses, they managed to push the Hungarians back upon their camp. They then used siege equipment to hammer away at the camp’s fortifications. Tents were also set on fire. The panicked Hungarians tried to flee but the vast majority were cut down in mid-flight. It was another stunning victory for the Mongols. Some historians believe that Batu’s army had the advantage of gunpowder in this battle, which would have been the first time it was used in a European battle.
A victorious Batu now set his sights on Vienna. Before he set his army in motion, however, he received the news that his older brother, Ogedai, who had succeeded his father as the Khagan emperor, died. Rather than returning to Mongolia, he remained in the vicinity of the Volga River. His brother Güyük became the next emperor and the change at the top brought an end to Mongolian expansion to the west. Batu established his capital at Sarai, east of the Akhtuba River, which was a tributary of the Lower Volga River.
Batu and Güyük were not friendly toward each other, with Batu refusing to attend the grand ceremony that marked the succession. His own power as ruler of the Golden Horde was cemented with nearly all of the Rus princes in his territory, including Yaroslav II of Vladimir, Daniel of Galicia, and Sviatoslav of Vladimir, doing obeisance to him. When Güyük demanded that Batu make the pilgrimage back to Mongolia to pay homage to him, Batu sent two of these princes, one of whom was poisoned to death in Mongolia.
Credits:
Illustration - Jonathan Benbow bongwedesign.com
Script - Steve Theunissen
Voice Actor - James Fowler
Video Editor - Julia Nazario
The eldest son of Ghengis Khan was Jochi, Batu was Jochi's son. Jochi died months before Ghengis. The Jochid line (sons of Jochi) chose Batu to be the next ruler of their Khanate, he was not the eldest son of Jochi, but thought of as the most capable, and Ghengis agreed, making him the heir to Jochi's power and lands.
Thank you! We should have caught this in production : (
Amazing how much territory that they were able to take over, and keep. It's also interesting that because of this, information and technology from vastly differing areas of the world began to flow back and forth, improving everyones lives.
Great point, what a pivotal time.
Thats why Europe is so advanced and wealthy.
Thx to nice geology plus Mongols, Arabs and stuff...... AND Napoleon! XD
When you lay down the "law" by having a "heavy hand" and scare the bejeezus out of the peasants and out of possible up-starts but let people follow their own religion you can keep shit together.Political skills and plenty of "snitches" don`t hurt either.
im batu khaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaan!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The music goes really well with the video
Excellent video, thank you. Could we please have two episodes about the conquest of modern day Iran, Aleppo and Damascus. I particularly liked the swift obliteration of Tehran and its inhabitants when the Persian sultan killed the mongol emissaries.
The khanates were magnificent, ruthless and thorough
Bro thinks hes ambatukam
I’m dead 😭
The Golden Horde was first a Mongol dominant culture empire then as time goes by the empire started to become more Turkic instead of Mongolian. Turkic people also started to become the majority in the Mongol army throughout the centuries
Very amusing video. I liked this so much. You should make a video on Justinian the Great please
Yes, do you have multiple accounts? Everytime you ask for the same topic from multiple accounts. I appreciate the enthusiasm 😂
@@HistoryJunkie No brother they are my friends sorry!
Word of advice to producer: begin this video with a geneological chart.
Mongols - connecting people before internet. :D
I would be interested in seeing a video on Tartaria or the Tartars :)
Тартары и есть Казахи, как и Чингизхан который на самом деле из Казахского рода, русские переписали историю Тюрков
The Brazilian prince Jao Henrique is a descendant of the royals of the Golden Horde from his egyptian mother princess Fatimah Tousson the widow of the prince of Alexandria, her name before her 1st marriage was Schirine, the house of Schirine is descendant of the Golden Horde and served the Egyptian kingdom as Pashas, generals and ministers. Fatimah converted from Islam to Catholicism to marry a Brazilian prince and lost all of her real estate empire to King Farouq, the last famous member of the family is colonel Ismail Schirine the last defense minister of the monarchy days (served only 1 day before the coup) he is also the husband of princess Faouzia the sister of King Farouq.
That is history well learned. I am proud to have read this.
It is history well taught.
Brother this video is one of finest videos thank for this amazing content. Brother but can you please make a video on Justinian.
Yes, we will be working on it should be around a month or so before it’s out!
The ending made me cry
❤️
The Jochid clan when forming their own domain had only 9,000 officials and soldiers, ruled over massive 300-500,000 Turkic Qipchaq Circassians Tatars Kazakhs. The Ulus was quickly Turkicized and adopted Turkic language, found the city of Sarai on the Volga a very small city (2.5 sqmiles) compared to the sized of Jochid Ulus and a large plantation of grassland surrounding it to serve nomadic Turkic herders and Mongolian traditional living style.
Kazakh tribal confederation emerged in 15th century though.
Would you like to see more video content about other Khanates? Do you have any suggestions for what we should cover in the future? Let us know by leaving a comment! Thank you for watching!
The state of Kazakhstan and Central Asia is the territory of modern Uzbekistan, the state of Amir Temur is in the region where Genghis Khan appeared in 1100 and 1300, and then the state of Amir Temur.
No
Berke Khan was the first Muslim mongol ever
Golden horde is the first Mongolian Khanate to embrace islam then comes chagatais and ill-khanate
Oh the mongol word pronunciations in this video are so distorted 😢
Golden horde's capital? 🤔🤔🤔
Ka-nates
So many errors here. Ogedei is batu’s uncle yo. Wrong by a generation. Pretty 🤩 sure mongol empire already collapsed by the time of Louis 14.
Batu is Genghis khan‘s grandson, not son! Such obvious mistake….
100% mistake! 😅 great catch, I would pin this comment but it’s already been pointed out and pinned.
Thanks!
Алтын ордо, моноголдор эле эмес бутун орто азия жана алтай жактагы элдер бочу. Чынгыз деген ат деле жок монголдордо
poland wasn't one country at that time, it didn't even have a king during this battle
😁
When Ivan the prince of Moscow took over, you have to admit that the Mongols interbred with the Rus and everybody else they conquered.I suggest that this mentality and culture is still prevalent in today`s Russia. All the He-man posturing of today`s Russian leaders a case in point.Even the women tsarinas` had this weird vicious streak.
The genuine appearance and essence of Chinghiz Khan, the real History of the Tatars, of many Turkic peoples and Russians:
‘Turkism, humanity, tolerance, democracy, justice and high material and spiritual culture since ancient times - in my opinion, their origins should be sought in the history of the Turkic peoples and popularized the knowledge gained around the world. That's what I'm trying to do...’
(an independent historian Gali Yeniky).
First of all it must be said, that in official history there are many falsifications and slanders about the ‘Tatars - wild nomads’ etc., which were written by pro-Chinese, Persian, also both Russian tsars Romanovs and Bolshevik ideologists.
However primarily we should know the truth about the meaning of the names ‘Mongol’ and ‘Tatar’ (‘Tartar’) in the medieval Eurasia:
According to many medieval sources, the name ‘Mongol’ until the 17th-18th centuries meant belonging to a political community, and was not the ethnic name. While ‘‘the name ‘Tatar’ was ‘the name of the own ethnos (nation) of Chinghiz Khan'. Also ‘…Chinghiz Khan and his people did not speak the language, which we now call the ‘Mongolian’…’’ (an academician-orientalist V.P.Vasiliev, 19th century). This confirmed by many little known data. So in fact Chinghiz Khan was from among the medieval Tatars and the outstanding and progressive leader of the Turkic peoples.
About the real faith of Chinghiz Khan and his native people: for example, the Turkish traveler Celebi (17th century) wrote the following from the words of Tatar alims (scientists): ‘It is proved that Chinghiz Khan was a Muslim, and the Tatars professed Islam already during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him)’.
Also, as Tatar alims told Chelebi, Chingiz Khan had been buried in the Volga region, not far from the city of Astrakhan. Moreover, there is a lot of data about this, hidden from us.
It is worth saying that according to many little-known data, the ancient and medieval Tatars were a very developed people both in spiritual and material aspects. It was the medieval Tatars who created the first Constitution of Eurasia, which was called in Tatar ‘Great Yasu’ (‘Yasu’ in Tatar means 'Scripture').
But with time many of their descendants became spiritually disabled and forgot invaluable doctrine and covenants of the creators of Great Yasu...
So that the Tatars of Chinghiz Khan - medieval Tatars - were one of the Turkic nations, whose descendants now live in many of the fraternal Turkic peoples of Eurasia - among Tatars, Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Uighurs, and many others.
And few people know that the ethnos of medieval Tatars, which stopped the expansion of the Persians and the Chinese to the West of the World in Medieval centuries, is still alive. Despite to the politicians of the tsars Romanovs tsars and Bolsheviks dictators, which had divided and scattered this ethnos to different nations...
About everything above mentioned and a lot of the true history of the Tatars and other fraternal Turkic peoples, that was hidden from us, had been written, in detail and proved, in the book ‘Forgotten Heritage of Tatars’ - it is one of books by an independent historian Gali Yenikey, translated in Engilsh.
There are a lot of previously little-known historical facts, as well as 16 maps and illustrations in this book. This e-book (in English language) you can easily find in the Internet here: www.kobo.com/ebook/forgotten-heritage-of-tatars-1 or here: payhip.com/b/Xujb
On the cover of this book you can see the true appearance of Chinghiz Khan. It is his lifetime portrait. In the ancient Tatar historical source ‘About the clan of Chinghiz Khan’ its author gave the words of the mother of Chinghiz Khan: ‘My son Chinghiz looks like this: he has a golden bushy beard, he wears a white fur coat and rides on a white horse’. As we can see, the portrait of an unknown medieval artist in many ways corresponds to the words of the mother of the Hero, which have come down to us in this ancient Tatar epic. Therefore, this portrait, which corresponds to the information of the Tatar source and to data from other sources, we believe, the most reliably transmits the appearance of Chinghiz Khan...’.
And here's another interesting thing:
We can't keep silent that some 'very important' official historians try to retell the content (or rather, the concept) of the works of the independent historian Gali Yenikey (Yenikeiev). But they conceal where the information was by them taken from. However it turned out they were unsuccessful and confused - this official historians, apparently, do not dare to show the real history of the Tatars, being afraid of their ‘scientific chiefs’.
But not only this - see the portrait of Chingiz Khan - see on the 7th minute of the video of the Institute of history of the Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan (Russia): ruclips.net/video/3WqB71gs5bc/видео.html - also this portrait is shown there both before and after.
This portrait is reconstruction, which made by Yenikeiev on the basis of a lifetime portrait of Chingiz Khan and of information from the medieval Tatar Dastan (epic) 'About the Origin of Ciingiz Khan', as well as from other historical sources.
This portrait was used by authors of the video without Yenikeiev's permission and without telling where the portrait came from. This portrait is published on the cover of G. R. Yenikeiev's book ‘Forgotten heritage of the Tatars’: see: payhip.com/b/Xujb
For the first time this portrait was published on the cover of the third book by G. R. Yenikeiev ‘In the footsteps of the black legend’ (published in 2009), see its electronic version: payhip.com/b/DNdC
This ‘creativity’ of the official historians is called among the decent people as plagiarism - that is, as theft.
OMG, nice try, fake story.
Chinghis khaan was born in Mongolia, spoke Mongolian and believed in Tengrism ,was not a Muslim and he's buried in Mongolia, his motherland.
@@lt419: "OMG, nice try, fake story.
Chinghis khaan was born in Mongolia, spoke Mongolian and believed in Tengrism ,was not a Muslim and he's buried in Mongolia, his motherland."
You are correct and I completely agree with you.
funny country names for history channel to use
GOLDEN HORDE TURKS STATE
Thats mongol state lol cope
@@maniramdewan9882 where did you read it, read history well
@@maniramdewan9882 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde
𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰
@@maniramdewan9882 Now go away and cry
@@ozgursivrikaya3570 everybody know they are mongol and not Turkic you go first read history then come lol