True Size of a Mongol Army - Experience the Endless Horde! DOCUMENTARY
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- Опубликовано: 19 май 2024
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In this history documentary we bring to life the True Size of the Mongol Army by leveraging the power of Unreal Engine 5. We cover the organization of the Mongol army as well as their war camps, march formations, and battle lines.
The episode begins with the organization of the Mongol Army starting from the level of the Mongol soldier. Generally speaking they came in two flavors, the Mongol horse archer and the Mongol horse lancer. These would be grouped into decimal units of increasing size: The Arban (10), the Jaghun (100), the Mingghan (1,000), the Tumen (10,000), and the Chun (30,000). Each of these brought with the additional animals, support staff, and supplies. We bring these all together in various stances from parade rest, to camp life, marching column, and battle order.
Here are the relevant time stamps:
[00:00] Intro
[2:31] The Mongol Soldier
[4:21] Recruitment and Equipment
[6:16] The Non-Mongol Soldier
[7:53] Arban (10 men)
[10:09] Jaghun (100 men)
[12:47] Mingghan (1,000 men)
[15:14] Tumen (10,000 men)
[19:50] Chun (30,000 men)
[22:30] Army in Camp
[24:14] Army on the March
[25:52] Army in Battle
Stay tuned for more True Size episodes and videos on the history of the Mongols. If you haven't seen them yet, check out our other True Size episodes:
True Size of a Roman Legion of the Empire : • True Size of a Roman L...
True Size of a Roman Legion of the Republic : • True Size of a Roman L...
Works Cited:
Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire, Paul D. Buell
Daily Life in the Mongol Empire, George Lane
Mongol Art of War, Timothy May
The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia, Timothy May
The Mongol Warrior 1200-1350, Stephen Turnbull & Wayne Reynolds
The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders
#history
#documentary
#military
Watch our episode on the "True Size of a Spartan Army" which covers their organization, formations, and fortifications: ruclips.net/video/XLd1tab8f0c/видео.html
السلام عليكم يا صاحب هذه القناة
أرجوك إني محب لهذا المحتوى
أرجوك أيمكنك إضافة ترجمة للغة العربية
لأن إنجليزيتي ضعيفة لذلك لا أفهم
فلو يمكنك إضافة ترجمة عربية
و جزاك الله كل خير و هدانا أجمعين
و السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته
its only 300 right?
This honestly some of the more interesting stuff on yt these days
Only if you said no, they really did not like no
As a Mongol I find it hard to believe a single unit (Arbun) would field only around 6 sheep. Herder families here for example keep hundreds of sheep at a time and some get rewards for keeping thousands usually without external help or a hired hand
Or it was to keep some space for the ennemy's sheep after plundering...
A lower assumed average I'd say. As they said for horses, a minimum of 3, up to 18, but they use 6 as an estimated average. The real number of sheep could be much higher than that.
Same thing with Camel and cart. I feel 1 per Arban is the bare minimum, they must've brought spare camels and carts.
the sheep were actually the auxillary farm animals. Mongols primarily fed on horses if they couldn't scavenge enough food in order to maintain their mobility.
@@thomasthetanderloin where did they get so many horses from?
@@riperboyxl3216 Mongolia seems very large. Im not surprised at the huge number of horses.
These detailed documentaries of ancient nations army structures is invaluable and unmatched anywhere. Most appreciated by anyone studying military history as I have for a very long time.
True indeed, however even videos on early medieval period are pretty decent aswell
I agree, as a fellow student of military history.. if you have more recommendations please tell
Subutai was undoubtedly one of the greatest military commanders in history, he won more battles and conquered more land against a wider range of opponents than Alexander. Its crazy how he isn't given more attention.
Based
jebe wasnot less than subutai
subutai was beaten by the way jebe never, and when jebe passed away strangely subutai was beaten in central rusia
It was also a time when the most of the world was at its lowest in unity and economics. The same happened with the Arabs, having the Sasanids and Bizantins exhausted before they started their invasion. After that they use the more developed territories conquered to sustain further expansions. However the Arabs were able to leave their culture and even replace some ancient ones like the Egyptian. The mongol couldnt do that at all.
@@juangomezfuentes8825 si tienes razon, si ves como luchaban contra egipto veras q los mongoles no pudieron hacer nada. bueno, creo q era timur q ha invadido alguna parte de egipto, pero solo porque en egipto habia un sultan de 12 años Faraj y no sabia como manejarlo su pais, era demasiado joven
"And behold a white horse, and he sat on him had a bow; He went forth to conquer"
Now i understand why medieval sources always paint mongol armies as this massive wave of unending hordes. Even though they didnt have much men, the sheer number of animals made it appear like they were facing a much larger enemy. In fact, the mongols often played into the psychological warfare that by loading dummies onto extra horses, lighting more fires while camping and purposely kicking up more dust in the air to intimidate their foes so you can imagine how much more exaggerated their numbers are to the enemy.
He says that 10,000 was not much but for a medieval European army that was actually fairly large.
@@harrybuttery2447 Medieval Europe was in weird period where they couldn't field much men relative to their population compared to any other period in history. Europe combined still fielded less men compared than the Romans before them while china at the time could field a million men and that was only the Jin dynasty.
didnt have much men? how much men do you need ? xD wtf
@@AXharoth World conquest tends to require a lot of men
@@googane7755 there was a ton by any stretch of imagination
Genghis Khan was basically the Thanos of Middle ages . If they show up , you know you are going to have a really bad day .
True,
and never forget when the mongols send you emissaries - treat them well and don't think for a moment of hurting or killing them to intimidate the mongols or some nonsense like that
@@boendal2529 the Khawarazmian emperor tought he can get away with it since his empire was on the rise , have a large military and expanding into Persia and India . Let's say the Mongol gave him Shock Therapy on his delusions .
@@nijadbahnam9859
Yes !! he certainly thought so.
From his position with the information that was available at the time about distant rulers, I might have also thought something like that
He also would certainly never have guessed that the Mongolian main army would take a route that no normal army would take xd
And !! he wasn't the only one in history who treated Mongolian envoys badly........ in the end everyone learned their lesson
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
He was more like Galactus sending heralds and emissaries.
Surprisingly efficient. The ratio of combatants to support staff is incredible.
I heard in a modern army, for each man doing the shooting there were seven in the rear in support roles.
@@anathardayaldar Yeah, it's about.... 25-40% are combat troops. Somewhere in there, depends. I'm sure it can vary even more than that but yeah. Roman army was actually only 8 fighting men in the line of 10. The other 2 were slaves who took care of the mule and cooked etc.
The Tooth to Tail ratio is how it's known these days. I think that the US Army these days is approximately 1:15 The fighting Tooth being 1 and the supporting Tail the 15.
By comparison the modern Russian Army is something like 1:3.
@@markstott6689 Looking it up, in Iraq it was 11%. You're talking 6.65%. So probably not far off. I feel like it's got to be higher if you're just counting like, the actual division and brigade organization.
@Jonny- B I remember watching a video about it in the last 12-18 months and thinking how shockingly high it was for the US. I admit my memory could be playing tricks on me, so perhaps 1:12 is more accurate. I certainly wouldn't bet my life on it. Equally, how poor the Russian ratio is In comparison, it was a shock.
The Mongols mastered "shock and awe" battle tactics, "feint retreat" and "pincher move" "psychological warfare" and many more battle tactics, but most importantly, they mastered "support and logistics" which always wins wars... They are truly a force to be reckon with... man I'm glad I wasn't born in those times...
Can you describe all of those you mentioned individually?
You forgot biological warfare. They started the plague that killed half the population of Europe. I'm not saying it's good or bad. It's just the era they lived in.
Shock and awe is the tactic of hitting hard, fast, and with strength so that surprise and fear stun the enemy.
Feigned retreat is “feigning” or faking a retreat. Enemies will pursue thinking they’ve won, then you ambush them
Pincer move is when you split your forces so that both sides hit the enemy in the opposite flanks. Pincer, like a crab claw.
Then psychological warfare is a whole category but involves all the non combat aspects of picking apart your enemy and their alliances, which the Mongols were great at
@@Ibly31 Wow, thank you! This is fascinating
Sayfiddin Qutuz
An important thing to note is the speed of communication. A Mongol messenger could be sent out on a horse and wherever he went be given a fresh horse to continue at full speed to deliver a message. The Khan could know what happened on the other side of the Empire and make decisions extremely fast for that time period. Scouts could see an enemy army and inform commanders and a horde could be formed very rapidly where there wasn't one before.
So could all nation armies at the time and faster because of the horses. European horses were faster than the smaller Mongolian horse's but needed an extra change of horses along the way.
@@britishpatriot7386 horses from central asia are the best, followed by iraq and syria not europe
@@britishpatriot7386 Yeah if we go by the numedian cavalery, the arab cavalery etc, european horsemanship was sub par for the time. they almost always got outclassed.
Mi magyarok 8-10 lóval indultunk csatába, akkoriban nekünk voltak a legjobb lovaink a lovainkat kiherültük arra az esetre ha az ellenség kezébe kerülne ne tudja tenyészteni☝️
Basically the Pony Express before the Pony Express.
Imagine being a soldier in 1240’s Hungary,knowing an invading army is approaching,you see the clouds of dust that the thousands of horses kick up and all of a sudden Wolf Totem by The Hu starts in slow but intensifies over time
One understand how efficient they are with their logistics, which meant they could support a massive army, while keeping morale up. If your soldiers get to have the comforts of home, wife and children while out on campaign, not only are you less likely to desert, but you also have a good reason to defend your tribal/military units. As your own children and wife would end up being captured should that collapse.
It is pure fucking genius.
With this video, it is now easier for me to understand the terrifying vision that seeing a Mongolian army approaching your territory could cause. At first glance it could not be surprising if it is compared in size to other armies, but the fact that they were all mounted on horses and that they brought with them a greater number of mounts, along with the rest that you mention, makes it understandable why they were seen as walking death for many contemporaries and with an impressive speed of mobility. With their tactics they could defeat several armies twice their size and with practically no casualties, a total killing machine.
Even if you defeated them they would have stripped the land bare with their horses, just them marching by would destroy a region. Truly horrifying.
just insane , terror incarnate
They literally brought the plague to europe
so they can come to you, but you can't enter their steppe...
Scorched earth tactics weren't popular back then. If you knew they were coming, you can burn the grasslands to ash and make it impossible for them to advance. On totally barren ground, an infantry-only army would require far fewer supplies.
Thanks to all who attended the live premiere! What True Size topics should we cover next?
Amazing video! I'd like to see the approximate true size of a Medieval army (how many retainers a knight, baron, etc. might take into battle, and how many camp followers and animals there might have been as well).
crusaders please
I think it would be cool to see the scope of the biggest WW2 Pacific theater Naval battles or some of the biggest ancient Roman conflicts.
mabye spesific large roman battle with multiple legions
I'd love to see the organisation and tactics of a Byzantine Army.
Möngke Khan who ruled the intact Mongol empire at it's greatest extent had more than a third of all soldiers in the world at his command
@@nvelsen1975 if he counts china, it will be accurate
He abandoned humanity and returned to mongke
Except by that point numerous other Genghids were in ACTUAL command of the forces, which led to the horde breaking in less than a generation.
@𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷𒉺𒋼𒋛𒄑𒆵𒆠𒁕𒆠𒂊𒁕𒋩 Sweet, one "historian" who ignores the consensus sure knows better than the other 95% of historians who say otherwise. Especially the Chinese historians with demographic proof, including censi...censi which Maddison literally ignored. You literally directly quoted fucking wikipedia, who uses an ECONOMIST. He wasn't even a fucking historian! And his last paper was published 2003, IN ECONOMICS.
I can 99.9% guarantee you don't even know who the Xianbei were, what the Era of Disunity was, why the ethnic Han moved south during the period, how or why the Sui and Tang came into existence, or even where Kaifeng or Nanjing are.
You cant really believe this
This was absolutely incredible, it really makes you understand the mechanics of an army. Please do more of these, on different armies :)
Any suggestions
@@InvictaHistory I’m sure Rome, Persia, and Macedon are on a lot of people’s wish list!
@Invicta crusader armies may be cool!
@@InvictaHistory Rome during the republic, the early empire and Rome after Marian reforms will most likely get the most views. I'd personally would like to know Hannibal army and early Prussian Army
@@InvictaHistory any sort of african army's?
As a Mongol, thank you for our history to be revealed in very accurate and visualized manner.
you guys were trully cheesing out the war
you should invade china again they are becoming a nuisance
Genuine question. I saw a video on mongolia from RealLifeLore and according to him mongolia only have like 3-4 million people where half live in the capital and the rest are kinda nomadic. Do you guys import from other countries or from around rest of mongolia?.
@@vegardkjrberg1929 Both. Rest of mongolia provides food, clothing, furniture etc basics. Exotic or tech stuff comes from outside.
No nation on earth has ever brought more shame to humanities dignity that the mongols...if i were a mongol, i wouldn't have the audacity to reveal my despicable nationality...
Very informative. I can remember as a child I imagined the Mongols as mountain rangers just raiding like vikings. Today I found out they have a disciplined army 😮
I thing the vikings were also rather organised, you know, in the US you have lots of gun crime and mass killings, but you wouldn't call them the empire of savages, bit the same for the vikings, they founded Kiev, ruled Napoli, colonised the UK... had a wide trade network, basically their logistics backbone was that trade network and their Drakars allowed them to outmanoeuvre the enemy, get to shore quickly, and retreat faster than they came (these boats sail as fast in both directions)... so a bit the same as the Mongols, clever design, mastery of their habitat (the sea, the rivers and the shores), well organised, disciplined, high morale people...
Except Mountain rangers don't fully lay siege on a fortress city without numbers, advanced weaponry, strategy and tactics of a well-oiled war machine.
Today you were educated
It is true that the killing power of the bow is around 50 meters. At 300meters most arrows will not cause serious harm to infantry with shields and only should be used for morale
Depends on the bow, the mongol bows were small composite bows. And 50 meters sounds plausible. Also depending on what the enemy wears
@@jonber9411 bows are quite complicated and a smaller bow does not mean more powerful
@@HistoricalWeapons still 50 meters sounds plausible for a mongol bow. Direct shot.
@@jonber9411 If you are trying to imply that the killing range of an English longbow would be further then that's not the case / It entirely depends on Poundage of the bow & the Mongol used between 100-150 LBS bows, so the 50 meters will most likely be Armored opponents with shields While at 300 meters they'll kill horses, disabling enemy cavalry & wounding lightly armored units
the Bows they shot on foot had even higher poundage's
@@aburoach9268 This is sort of an apples to oranges to bananas comparison since the time period is 200 years after the Mongols and in an entirely different context, but in this one Italian treatise on arms from 1451, it recommends either the English longbow or the Turkish composite bow for sappers (among other weapon/armor recommendations for the various types of infantry and cavalry of the era.) Considering the composite bow would be more exotic for a European army, this suggests they were still similar enough in performance in a battlefield scenario to be considered a viable alternative, but it is likely neither would be great against someone wearing a lot of plate armor (and this is supported by the direct performance of archers in the Hundred Years War and early battles with the Ottomans.) This doesn't say much about how they would compare to the earlier Mongol bows, but considering the average draw weight military archers were capable of across Eurasia was surprisingly consistent at around 110 lb (with >130 lb considered a strong archer and 60 lb the bare minimum), I think it stands to reason that at least the Mongol bows would be comparable in performance to contemporary European self bows. Higher averages such as what you mention, or as observed in the English in the Hundred Years War, are possibly because these were offensive campaigns which would justify bringing stronger archers on average while leaving the weaker ones behind for defensive purposes.
Sources just so people don't think I'm talking out of my ass.
gallica.bnf.fr/.../btv1b8478964h/f46.planchecontact
ruclips.net/video/lzRx832A9B4/видео.html
The Mongols were almost the perfect war machine. Mobile and deadly, with the biggest benefit being their non-reliance on a supply chain (totally self-sustaining in terms of food and fuel needs).
not ,try to walk in woods or steppes for some days on horse back
then imagine 100 men then more
without logistics no army exist
The Mongols had smaller, but more mobile forces. They were usually outmanned, but won with cunning, surprise and speed. They were the first Blitzkrieg. They stunned the bigger slower enemy with smoke and arrow traps. They were undefeated until their garrison forces lost to the Mamelukes.
Aka, they were vulnerable once they lost their mobility.
Yet easily defeated by a simple wooden palisade, or even a lack of endless grasslands for grazing...
@@penultimateh766 sure buddy...thats why they made the largest continous empire...they were experts of siege warfare dummy
They were smart enough to adapt and adopt new strategies. Fear mongering is one of those tactics they used to great effect.
@@nayanaariyarathna2625 Examples?
This episode is just perfect. Concise, well presented, and really gives you an idea of what a Mongol army looked like. Excellent work, Invicta!
These guys truly understood that the logistical advantage of the horse was the superweapon of the era.
These are amazing. They fill a great gap in the usual depiction of historical armies and the true mastery of logistics required to field a significant force.
One of the best videos about the Mongols that I've watched. Detailed and well illustrated with good graphics. Thanks 👍
One thing: Clockwise. Because genetically absolute majority of humans are right-handed, and hold the bow with their left hand, one can turn and aim freely within 180 degrees or even more when aiming to the left. Almost no angles to the right. So a horse archer, always maneuvers to have the enemy on their left. (Ambidexterous switching is an individual art, not a military maneuver) Thus, in battlefield maneuvers, horse archers almost always tend to circle clockwise. They run up to enemy, and then turn right, not left.
Isn’t that anti clockwise?
Love this. This aspect of logistics is rarely truly exemplified in detail. It really paints a more complete picture of the rate of success of mongol expansion
Great episode! It's amazing what the logistics were to support a Mongol army.
Nobody ever enriched my knowledge of mongolian horde so thoroughly. Amazing. Thank you soooo much.
This is insane! Easily the most strategic & efficient army on Earth pre-industrialised era. They were basically a nation that lived to support war throughout the year.
Just a small addition. Correct abbreviation tends to end with T and thus
10 unit is called Arav/Aravt (Арав in mongolian means 10)
100 unit is called Zhuu/Zhuut (Зуу in mongolian means 100)
1000 unit is called Myanga/Myangat (Мянга in mongolian means 1000)
10000 unit is called Tum/Tumet (Tүм in mongolian means 10000)
"The mongols are coming"... Those words for centuries in whatever language pumped terror into the hearts of people stretching from Japan to Eastern Europe to North Africa.
.
Being a century long hyperpower, the Mongol empire possessed one of the most martial and numerous armies in history led by military geniuses like Genghis, Subutai, Jebe, etc.
npc comment
@@VortexDBD No THAT was a npc comment hahaha god damn
@@ravnor874 viking pfp opinion ignored.
@@VortexDBD Ignored but responded too? Think you need to search up definitions ;) hahaha
I find the Mongols and their horse armies so fasinating, and this video elevates that interest. It sad how Hollywood doesn't touch on Mongols as much as other empires. It would have amazing tactics, battles and strategies unlike any other.
I think Hollywood doesn't have too many asian actors to make a mongolian movie.
I don't want Hollywood messing with the Mongols; they are only interested in quick money and politicaly correct History. And I'm not going to mention John Wayne...
@@peterjames232they did before, it's called the conqueror l. It was made in 1956. Although it has John Wayne playing as Genghis.
Hollywood would never make an movie on Mongols, Chinese, Indian and Persian empires bcz if they did it would be embarrassing for the Roman Empire legacy.
They have but only in fantasy. Game of thrones. The husband of daenerys lol. Dothraki inspired loosely by mongols. And Khal drogo seems like genghis khan. Better wait for asians to make it themselves lol.
Excellent as always. Don't have to elaborate details. Never disappointed with your extensive work and presentation. Thank you.
Very good. I appreciate how you avoided characterizing the horde either as teeming masses (as medieval records often did, to excuse their losses) or as superhumans who conquered Asia with just six guys, a rusty switchblade, and the genius of Temujin (as fanboys today do upon discovering the Mongol legacy). Still small relative to the continent they conquered, yes, but not THAT small.
Mongol cavalry was a force using expensive, technically demanding equipment to punch above its numbers, comparable in this respect to the British reliance on its navy or the US on its varied air forces. How expensive? Yelü Chucai had to talk the Mongols out of depopulating northern China and losing the tax base with it just for more pasturage.
I want to thank you for including the size of pasturage needed.
I suspect they fought mainly in the warm months when grass
was at its best.
One of the things I missed was the amount of water needed.
This many men and horses and camels could drink up a small
river. Thanks again.
Love it! Logistics and organization are by far the most interesting part of war
Your channel & epic history r two of my favorites. Epic theatrics and voice is cooler but your research 🔬/info is harder to find and more unique. Keep up the great work 😢
Compared to a modern army, where the vast majority of people are support and not trigger pullers you can see how efficient this system was. I’ve also read in several sources that commands up the 1,000 level were voted on by their members and not appointed.
You should do a "True size" video on Napoleonic army/cavalry. The sheer numbers of dead at some single battles tends to dwarf anything historical, so much that I can't even imagine what it'd look like (outside of Return of the King's Rohan charge which I think was CGI-duplicated up to 6000 cavalry, and that looked huge), and even makes American Civil War casualty numbers look minor. For that matter you could get into WWI and WWII units and battles, but I think those were more spread out (in space and over time) than Napoleonic battles/units.
Amazing video! I know it would be a challenge but a video on the true size of Xerxes' army at Thermopylae would be great
That was fab! A topic I'd be interested in would be to cover any Mongol military defeats in open battle, as I can't get my head around how such a force could be stopped (outside of a hurricane)
I would also like to see a historical account of the battles and successes of the mongol campaigns. I've read that Genghis Khan actually reorganized the mongol society to better aid his military war goals, such as changing the courtship practices and the ages of when people would marry. In other words, he redesigned the mongol culture for war.
Great video! Been an avid researcher of the mongol lifestyle and army for a long time. Great to see it before your eyes. Very good artists rendition. Thanks!
Mongols weren't even crazy big. We'd had bigger armies in Antiquity. But it sure helps when every man who is part of your army is trained how to ride and hunt and kill. Instead of a levy, you have an army on the go.
could you give example's, because the time the Mongols army was at it's zenith and controlled the Entire Eurasian steppe along with conquered sedentary kingdoms like Persia & China / It could Wield Massive Cavalry & infantry armies numbering in several millions spread out all over that huge empire
Typical Americans lol
great and fantastic video! thanks so much, keep up the insane work!!!!
OMG!!! I'm just fascinated by the quality of this video, just awesomeee❤🎉
Always been fascinated by the mongols and the way they fight their battles
With Djebei and Subotai coing out of nowhere at the head of couple of toumans, blitzkrieg medieval style
I highly recommend Mount and Balde, nothing like having a horde behind you and lea from the saddle, shooting arrows and chopping heads left and right
On pure gameplay fun, it beats all games
26:57 I knew I recognized that music! Total War: Atilla Hun Theme :D
Really good explanation. And the voice is incredible. Visuals wonderful. Keep it up
Well done. Nicely produced, narrated and a story told.
A chapter of history renowned for its conquests and the sheer scale of its armies. It's an invitation to experience the grandeur and magnitude of a remarkable era. 🐎🏹🌍
Love the videos like this. I know it would be away from the norm. But would love to see a video like this for the royal navy at its hight. Or napoleons grand army in its prime.
Sublime job!!! It's jaw-dropping task, that you share with us!!!
Great video! It would be interesting to see this done with the Roman army as it changed throughout the years
We actually have an episode on both the republican and imperial legion
Will you do the same for the byzantines?
Before the rise of Genghis Khan Mongolic was spreading at westward and absorbing Turkic speakers (Janhunen, 2008). During the Mongol expansion, Turkic speakers whose tribes and states had been incorporated into the Mongol empire were so much more numerous than Mongols that, although Mongolian was the language of command, it was Turkic rather than Mongolic speech that was chiefly spread across Central Asia and the central and western steppe.
Antonio Benítez-Burraco, Steven Moran 2018 p.92
#Free KURDISTAN from turkey 🦃 occupation
What people tend to forget when comparing the Mongol horde against other factions like Rome, Greece etc.
The mongols were nomads from the steppes whom managed to come to the top as one of the greatest empires thats eved lived.
And the fact a mere 10,000 soldiers were sent west to europe and they won most of their engagement. Even when they were out numbered twice.
Against the kipchaks and their allies.
Then against the Rus Princes when the kipchaks were defeated had gone to ask the Rus Princes for help.
Then against the Chinese whom fields some of the largests armies along side some of the greatests fortresses of their time.
The nomads have trained to fight against fortications thanks to the defection of chinese engineers along side they were given the technologies of gunpowder aswell
great video, i learned so much from this, thanks for making it!
Wow, I appreciate it! Greetings from Mongolia
thank you so much I love your channel, keep going ❤🔥
I think probably that fastest and successfully conquer’s secret must had been strategy and good battle tactics(good military tactics may have high morale and high confidence in winning battles). Also Mongol army’s all Mongol men had bow, they all could shoot.
In addition, Mongol men were not so strong and tall as compared to people from Europe and other countries.
So, indeed this is the merit of a very good battle leader and battle tactician
Whats Mongolian wrestling popular back then? In my mind, the Mongolians are built like wrestlers.
"Mongol men were not so strong and tall as compared to people from Europe and other countries" is such debatable point. Some sources even confirms that Mongols seemed larger not because they were larger but because only after Industrial revolution, west fed their people enough to be tall and strong.
@@bataabagi5969 false. "Giant" civilizations existed well before the industrial revolution...
I've always been facinated by the strength of Mongolia in ancient times. Today, they are a mere whisper of their former glory. The same could be said of Macedone.
always like hearing the throat singing, i love singing along to it
Fantastic. I imagine the swarm could overwhelm a region in two weeks. Imagine the storm of arrows and shaking ground from the riders.
They weren’t called the “Golden Horde” for no reason. Translation a ridiculous large amount of Persons 😂
No!
Golden means the Center, as Mongols and Turks used colours for directon, like west is white, south is red, north is black, east is blue.
Orda meant a royal court originally and then a fiefdom or a state.
So Golden Horde, means the "Central State"
Golden horde in mongolian means golden state or country
Despite the mongols being known for their large numbers. The mongol "hordes" were actually almost always outnumbered when fighting battles.
@@august4215 Popularly called The Golden Horde, the domains of the heirs of Jochi were not known by that name. The term ‘Golden Horde’ does not enter the sources until the sixteenth century, when Russian chroniclers referred to the domains as Zolotaia Orda, the Golden Camp or Palace.¹ During the Mongol era, they were known as the Kipchak Ulus or Khanate or the Jochid Ulus or Khanate. The Kipchak Khanate appellation came later and was a substitution for the Dasht-i Kipchak, or the Kipchak Steppes.
May, Timothy. “The Jochid Ulus or Golden Horde.” The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh University Press, 2018, pp. 280-314,
@@moribundo well horde in English comes from the Greek word "ορδή" which means "a large group of people". In English it also has the meaning of "a small loosely knit social group typically consisting of about five families" so it means the "Central Horde" or the "Central large group of people"
I would argue it is the mobility the mongol armies achieved that allowed them to build the biggest contiguous empire in the world.
Good work man. Well made documentary
An exceptional and detailed video.
Thank you!
absolutely incredible video you guys made about my country's golden age of history. But hearing the names pronounced entirely wrong is a bit awkward, I guess many words in my language are challenging to say for English speakers
10-Aravt rough translation ten’th
100-Zuut-hundred’s
1000-Myngat-thousand’
10000-Tumt- our way of saying the number 10000 like Japanese people saying their 10000-ichiman*
Also some of the narrator’s way of calling the name is not even understandable/ recognizable but great work guys thanks for the effort
thank you for letting me know
Its like the human version of a swarm of locusts.
I love you so much ❤ Always wanted something like this love you work keep it bro
I love your site. You're just better at this than the rest. Thank you.
The algorithm cannot defeat my appreciation of this amazing historical channel. Love the video. Always learn something new.
Temujin was not only the greatest Conqueror, but also a military genius. Most of his Army's organizing plan came out of his brain. Never arrogant, he despised arrogant people, but a good listener, so he learned from others. If the governor of a province of Khwarezmian Empire did not kill all 500 good-will traders sent with a friendly letter by Temujin and stole all treasures, there would have been no war by Ghengis Khan. One of 500 killed was a friend of his. Months later, Temujin learned it and became in great rage, but cooled himself down and fasted for 3 days praying to the Heaven to guide him what to do next. Later, he captured the governor and punished him with boiling melted silver pouring down into his eyes in public execution.
And destroyed to ashes all other Great Cities of Central Asia. Ideas he embraced and actions his armies did were absolutely horrifying, and he knew about it as well (absolute horror was one of his weapons). No place for glorifying him, just acknowledging his legacy, which does indeed live to our days.
@@shakhzod8583 that is medieval time dude, people were horrifying regardless of Mongols so they just killed good-will traders do you understand? I do really think people should glorify him even more! that is what others who read more doing too, imo they are the only ones who acted like how nobles should be, I think you should read more before rush to judge. what you are doing is caused by dunning kruger effect
@@fastfamilyfivem9532 Well, apparently you are sure they were indeed good will traders, not spies or nothing. You KNOW it somehow, and the only option is Chingiskhan was great and good and others tried to invade and kill him with armies and burned thousand years old cities to ground :)
On the other hand, I am exactly from Central Asia, where both Kharazmian Empire was and Chingizkhan's Empire and everything else after that and before them. His brutality and terror "legacy' are unmatched. There is nothing to glorify, only acknowledge. I guess the only difference is, in case you are from West or any other part of Earth which didn't face anything like him, you just find him astonishing for his victories, forgetting about millions of victims. Imagine any of Rome, Bologna, Paris, Vienna or kind burning, everyone left them, blood is flowing like river, any movement for freedom was punished by perishing everything. So much so that after his "glorious" marches even CO2 levels were lower worldwide. Probably with this type of thinking it is quite ok to say 20th century killer dictators are subject for glorifying as well, don't you think? Well, if you think so, just tell me you are ok with and should glorify Holocaust, Gulag and you name it.
@@shakhzod8583 Also the mongols did not do so well in countrys such as India, Vietnam ,Eygpt and the Poles and Hungarians seem to have adapted very well to fighting the mongols using castles and fortifications effectivly
no, the difference is that your people would still loot and kill good will traders, so you tremble in your boots when repercussions are talked about@@shakhzod8583
Was just watching Great Khan lore from Fallout and this video drops! So stoked to complete this circle lol
WOW! What a superb job you've done with this.
Seems unlikely they would limit themselves to being either a “lancer” or “archer”. They all carried bows and lances.
Where is your evidence Mr Historian.
@@azieldaly2965Presumably the old artwork of armored Mongolic or Turkic riders fighting with heavier armor while using the bow? Probably also that similar societies had cavalrymen use the bow and lance. It’s not exactly impossible to happen
@@azieldaly2965 All Mongols need to have their own bow, also the Chinese-Era source mentions that each carried different weapons
I find it quite interesting when you said "Jin China", because as a Chinese we never thought of it that way. Most Chinese people considered them nomadic invaders, although they themselves claimed to be a Chinese dynasty, and their descendants, Manchurians, who ruled the Qing dynasty, are considered to be Chinese by most. Maybe it's because they never really conquered China (the Song dynasty), so the Song narrative stayed as the official one
Well its because nowadays chinese people like yourself seem to ignore world history and talking based on the the communist propaganda matetials that you've been fed through decades, but its ok if you wanna be imaginary
Your view is wrong and does not conform to historical facts. Your views do not represent the views of ordinary Chinese people. If the Soviet Union did not force China through military force to allow Mongolia to become independent from China, the Mongolian Empire would be regarded as a minority regime of China, which means that the Mongolian Empire (1206-1260) is a part of Chinese history. But because Mongolia is now an independent country, the Mongol Empire is not part of Chinese history, but the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) established by the Mongols is part of Chinese history. The Genghis Khan family still survived in Inner Mongolia, China, and the golden family still thrived in China. But since Mongolia was ruled by the Chinese dynasty for hundreds of years，Many Chinese still consider the Mongol Empire to be part of Chinese history. But the Mongols disagree. They believe that China has been oppressing them for hundreds of years. For some reason, Mongolia describes its resistance to Chinese rule as national independence. The Qing Dynasty was established by ethnic minorities in China, which cannot be questioned. Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, was a local official of the Ming Dynasty, and their hometown was under the jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty. Now there is no difference between the Manchus and the Han people in terms of language, culture and customs.
@snowlee-ml7rr I agree with what you said about Mongolia and China, but I don't think it contradicts with my previous comment? The Jin dynasty was a different story in that:
1. It never conquered China
2. It was never conquered by China either. Instead it was destroyed by Mongolia before the Mongolian-Chinese Yuan dynasty
3. Unlike Mongolia, the Jin nation does not exist today, so there is no narrative from their side
@snowlee, we're you just trying to flex about your knowledge? Cause your comment has no relation to what OP said.
@@ozilter Outer Mongolia is mainly composed of Khalkha Mongolia. This Mongolian tribe has a very low status in the Mongolian Empire. They are responsible for logistics during the war. The reality is that the descendants of the Mongolian tribes who fought everywhere live in Inner Mongolia, China! If you conquered such a vast land, would you live in the extremely cold place (Mongolia) on the Mongolian plateau where supplies are scarce? If the Soviet Union did not force the Republic of China to agree to the independence of Outer Mongolia, Mongolia would still be in China. Do you suspect that Mongols are not Chinese? As a Chinese, I don't care whether Genghis Khan is Chinese or not. However, Genghis Khan's tomb is in Ningxia Province, China, and will be excavated one day in the future.
amazing work! the animation is so detailed
skillful work
I wish you success
You have a wonderful legacy
Real works are finally appreciated and honored among intellectuals
There were “Tumeny” men in the Mongol army if you ask me
Is truly this is the army worthy of the endless sky I'm scared
I was watching this video when I could not sleep at night. Counting those Mongol sheep made me really sleepy really fast. Thanks!
Another great video bro. 👏👏👏
Awesome video, so glad this exotic culture is being studied to such a degree, especially because of such a alien language to most of western cultures.
What always surprises me is that there was actually this many people inhabiting the central Asian steppe at this time. I know it’s a vast area and isn’t necessarily desolate but there were no great kingdoms or cities so I would think that the nomadic tribes would be generally small in population. I guess not though.
No settled kingdoms, but definitely you must know about the Huns, which were able to bend not only Romans but Sassanids as well. Horse nomads also played crucial role since the time of Xerxes, through Alexander the Great, Huns (as mentioned), Arabic conquest, and some may dispute about Seljuqs and Mamluks. So, in general, apparently this type of living was "efficient" enough for time being.
I guess one of the reasons they actually had any power was also their proximity to bigger urban places too. To exchange ideas, goods and whatnot.
@@shakhzod8583 oh yes I’m aware of the Huns as well as the various white hunnic tribes that raided the Sassanids but I’m just always surprised with the numbers that the steppe people are able to organize.
I like how Mongol empire become bigger and bigger as video progresses
This was absolutely amazing!!!
If only Ney had an endless supply of horses.
Really 6 horses per person????? The amount of resources needed to feed those horses should have been enourmous. Astonishing thank you very much for your work
Which is really pretty much the reason why nomads never did get into west europe.. not enough grazing grounds
@@luqmannasir6927 Nonsense, Tell that to Attila which reached all the way to the center of Gaul // & the Hungarian & Polish plains would've been the perfect HQ to put supply bases On Top of That, By that Time, They had countless numbers of Auxiliary foot Infantry that fill that role while the Nomadic cavalry supported it wherever needed
@aburoach9268 Atila didn't manage to conquer or hold Roman Gaul.
Besides the fact that Romans also defeated him
@@torikeqi8710 That's entirely on Attila, you inattentive child, learn to read a comment / The point was whether a Nomadic army could operate in western Europe & Attila's Hunnic army clearly proved it could + The Roman's did not defeat him in a broader sense, They just repelled him from Gaul, Most of the losses Attila took in that battle were Germanic auxiliaries & not his Huns in the center which performed excellent and even almost broke the Roman center, In the End the Romans did not even crush his army, Attila just retreated due to the unfavorable position & loss of flank /
Later on he Raided Italy & only left due to a plague, meaning that the Romans never got rid of him
So It was not Rome that matched Attila or his Huns, But just Aetius in particular who knew them very well
Also Mongol army >>>>> Hunnic army
This explains the mongolian tactic of ravaging the countryside for supplies/resources and thus Unintendingly driving the rural populace into cities, creating fear, overcrowding and hunger in cities, causing them to surrender. Great example of unintended successful consequences of simply fulfilling one's needs (ravaging countryside).
Durn brilliant video. I've always wondered how many mules one might need fer mobilization, even today. And feed, shoes, and leather, and weavers....
Very nice work, lots of efforts into it. Congrats. Could have been much shorter without all the numbering at each step. Keep on the good work (but shorter 🙂)
sounds like they were fielding classical era numbers in the medival era
The Mongols… their tactics are Legend, some are used by modern armies to this day, what blew my mind learning about Mongol tactics was this insanely effective attack they regularly used. A group of armored riders (around 20-30) would ride at the enemy forces at full speed in a straight line, once they got a certain distance away they would spread out to almost side by side, each rider was armed with just 2 Moon swords. Then they drew their swords and held them to the sides in each hand like wings, they would then ride straight into the enemy formations slashing side to side as they went. Just mowing down enemy troops like crazy, depleting their numbers quickly before they even engaged with the Mongol’s main force…..incredible tactics, and very effective.
Pure fiction. I say this as Mongolian. Stop learning history from fake movies (if i remeber correctly that dumb move was made by russians lol)
indeed, invading Russia in winter and destroy...
Suicide bombers almost
@@seebybermo9167 kinda, not all riders survived, once they rode through they’d turn around and ride back towards the Mongol main force, pretending to retreat to get the enemy to chase them, leading them towards where the Mongols had Archers in covered “foxholes” waiting to pop up and start hitting the enemy, while the main force would encircle the enemy forces and the slaughter would commence.
The armoured riders you're talking about is from a movie, not from real life. While it does look cool, there were no suicide chargers
Its my first time seeing the face of my favourite youtube historian....you are very young and you look like 18-19 yo tops......im one of your first FANS AND SUBSCRIBERS and i like your work it is an inspiration for many people im sure....as bismark ones said if you dont know history you remain a child to thegrave
I couldn’t imagine that many animals in one place, imagine the smell, how torn up the ground would be, the sound if that many
Again, if anyone want some cool modern Mongol music, it's a cool song called "The HU - Yuve Yuve Yu", would be a nice soundtrack to a Mongol history documentary binge.
etymological question. What is the spelling for the Jaghun unit acting as a forward scout? CC wrote it down as Alginci. The word strongly reminds me of the Turkish term for the raider/scout troops from the Ottoman era: Akinji, Akinci.
In Timothy May's book, it is called Alginchi. But I don't think there's a standardized transliteration system for Middle Mongolian to modern Latin script so it can be spelled as anything close to it.
@@penguasakucing8136 Thank you!
@@syjiang I am mongol,writing from Mongolia.China was under mongol rule for centuries during dynasti Wei 386-535,Tan empire 618-907,Liao dynasti 916-1125 & great Yuan empire 1279-1368.After escape from China in 1368 mongols did 3 unsuccesful attempt to conquer Ming dynasti in 1370,1405 with Tamerlan,in 1449 after crush and capture emperor In Zsun (Tumu catastrophe).But helped to manchus to conquer China in 1644 .Qing dynasty 1644-1911 was manchu dynasty.Now Mongolia is the most poor and undeveloped countryin our planet.China is the second economy in the world,population 1.5 billion can mobilizate 200 million soldiers.China buy from Mongolia nature resources and help to Mongolia economy.
thanks for this - great work and very interesting
Mongols logistics were unmatched
While their tactics and strategies were exceptional, the Mongol logistics was the third wheel in the cogs of their combined armed warfare that the world was unprepared for