TIG TAWK! AC Welding Aluminum
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- Опубликовано: 8 июл 2024
- Frequency? Balance? Amps?! It's time to find out exactly what Willis was talk'n about.
If you're jumping in the deep end, I recommend starting with some of my other TIG welding videos before you get into AC. But you do you.
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Music: "Short Guitar Clip" - Audionautix - Наука
My great grandmother welded aluminum airplanes with a gas torch.
Mine glued them... 😜🇨🇭
@@macbaar With a gas torch? ;)
@@BensWorkshop It was hot glue.
That was me, not your grandmother.
I just had a long hair back then.
My great great great, really great grandmother, welded a gas torch with aluminium.
Me: Honey, I need to buy a TIG welder.
Wife: What do you need a welder for?
Me: I need to build a welding cart for my new welder.
Wife: But you already have one!
Me: That's for the DC Tig that I needed to weld your anniversary present.
Wife: Oh yeah. Thanks for the trailer tongue. Jeesh Mom Was Right.
We need this kind of TIG welder:
ruclips.net/video/pAgnJDJN4VA/видео.html
Seems legit.
Wife: Hand me your credit card
Me: Why are cutting it in half?
Wife: Because cutting it more is just a waste of time
Lol, that actually played out in real life for me... cart turned out great
From the award winning producer of Shooting the Poop comes Tig Tawk. A heart wrenching story about a man and his struggles to fasten non-ferrous metals together using heat, hope and 2% lanthinated tungsten. Starring the Tony award winning TOT - the interwebs second favorite pair of sleeved extremities. Written by the genius behind the "Metal Spinning" franchise.
Now showing in a theater sorta near you, down the road, over a river, under a mountain, through a tunnel and across the pond.
Well Said!
You mean the internet's most underrated pair of sleeved extremities, who runs the Dinky Tinky Shop in the foot of the magic oak tree by the wobbly dum-dum bush in the shade of the magic glade down in Dingly Dell...
@@The_Hairy_Farmer Ahhh, I see you know about Bob.
@@The_Hairy_Farmer That explains how he knew I wore my TOT hoody first time since the winter solstice last night...but mines been washed and hanging in the closet...heavens timerkatroids.
You mean the underhanded duping of an adoring following into believing they were being shown welding when...
*... There was never any welding...*
The physics of the AC balance is quite simple: The electrons flying of the end is what is causing (most of) the heating, and when the electrode is negative the electrons are hitting the metal. But as the oxidation layer of aluminum has a significant higher melting point than the base material, it simply just going to heat it until the base metal melts while the skin of oxide is still intact (if you do this too long your base metal just turns into a big puddle, pleas try this, its fun!). Reversing the polarity makes the electrons come of the base metal, and since the oxidation layer has a a lower conductivity, the electrons wants to come from the base material, and in the process rips through the oxidation and breaks it up. Unfortunately now all the heat is dumped on the poor tungsten electrode and as it has way less mass than the base metal it quickly melts and eventually evaporates.
So in short: the negative side is spraying electrons, causing everything it hits to heat up. And that's why the electrode is so emo.
Good explanation! (Disclaimer: I know almost nothing about welding)
Thank you, you just saved me some time not having to use google to find the explanation!
Nicely explained. That will definitely help me remember which way to hook up my leads. And no I'm not being sarcastic :P
Just realized that if you run with 50% balance it's the same electrons jumping back and forth all the time and causing all the mayhem :)
Wee, there's more potential over there.
No wait! Wee, there's more potential over there. etc
@@brynyard lots of negatives and positives to balance out there
If you're in concert and your violin is off, and you happen to have a welder and a piece of aluminum with you, 261.63 Hz gets you a middle C. Trust me, you might depend on this trick one day.
jokes a side , sure there is a resonance frequency for that aluminium piece and setting the frequency to that exact value will increase something ;D
ruclips.net/video/wvJAgrUBF4w/видео.html
@@hyperhektor7733 EVERYTHING has a resonate frequency, even the earth, learnt from iasca D
My welder makes a square wave... way buzzier than a violin
It's pretty neat just how similar the settings on a TIG welder are to a musical synthesizer. Fundamentally, they're doing the same thing
Hopefully we get a lot of videos now that you’re on house arrest
That was either a Sena or Scala Helmet bluetooth thingy! can't trick me Tony!
Anyone else pause the video and look at Their ankle?? Yea me neither...
@@bobmcme12 Oh heck, thanks for catching that! That's actually really funny ahahaha.
H
@@Lunch_box not I
Every couple months I go back and rewatch about 80% of your videos, I love your humor and content, keep it up good sir.
I fixed my daughter’s car seat with the AmazingAluminaWonderTrodes, and now she started an underground knife fighting club in her Kindergarten.
YOU DO NOT TALK ABOUT KINDERGARTEN FIGHT CLUB!
It's the FIRST RULE man!!!
@@operator8014 kindergartners can't count past one anyway.
I don’t even own a welder and I feel like I can just walk in and do it all after I watch these tot videos
Like how I can bust out a walnut dresser, matching dining room table and 8 chairs, sideboard, kitchen cabinets and one of those mud-room things that stores boots and I can hang my coat on, all in half an hour, like Norm Abram over at New Yankee Workshop.
"Aand remembah, thayres no moah impoahtant safety rual thahn to weah these: sahfety glahsses."
Never buy a welder and keep living that dream!
Who's AL and why do u have his wire brush?
Just like at home it is not a good idea to share brushes.
He might get angry when he notice
At a Guess ... AnTONY.. something lol lol lol
Dip it in the toilet before you give it back
I don't know. But if I can call you Betty, you can call me Al.
"Socially well adjusted welders"
Gold.
I became a welder so I dont need to be socially well.
As someone who welds stuff (including aluminium) for a living, Thank you for making a video I can show the non welders to help them understand things I try and usually fail to explain...
Like wise I can show it to welders who Think they know what they are talking about and save my self lots of time having to explain things that they should know and don't...
Well played indeed good sir, keep up the noble efforts.
TOT VIDEO! Drop everything time to learn and laugh.
Well, isn't that every ToT video? :D
@@Farmfield no. While they all demand immediate attention and do make me laugh, some are so beautiful they also make me cry.
Better than a THOT video...😉
This couldn't be a more accurate description of what I did when I clicked on this video...
Same as with AvE.
OH! DUDE A TOT VIDEO!!!! And I’m in the first 100 comments!
Dude... you have no idea what you’ve done for my life... you’re teaching me shit Grandpa didn’t get to before he died.
Yeah... it’s kind of a big deal for me.
Thank you.
👍🏻Same here he teached me too solder copper and brass and wanted to teach me too weld them blind.
I know the feeling. Kinda like it's the experience you and your grandpa never got tovhave with each other. My grandpa died last year and he taught me so much, and tot is kinda like an extension of him in a way.
Grandpa taught me mechanics, old school shop skills like unsticking stuck bolts, etc... his shop had a lathe and a mill, and he was creating his own rubber and steel sandwich bushings out of old driveshaft material for 60 years when he died of throat cancer.
He wanted to teach me to torch weld, stick weld, and metalwork... just never had the chance. Between all the lessons on dividing heads, toolmaking, welding, lathe work and mill work?
TOT is the best shop time channel on RUclips... with some of the best production values in the space.
It would be great to get local groups together to learn this stuff together
My Grandpa was a carpainter, so right or wrong everything here is a new lesson.
TOT, you've been my inspiration in buying a tig welder. Just yesterday I did my first aluminum welds. I love the process. Thanks for sharing your skills.
You don't know how useful your video was! I'm currently studying to be a welder and my teachers have a hard time explaining the settings to me. I saw other videos but still got almost nothing from them. Some teachers tell me to weld with high frequency +200 and some to keep it at 80. So I got all confused. Your video is concise, carefully explained and gives emphasis on the main ideas that I wanted to know! Thank you, I'll practice more on Monday!!
ToT: I'm going to show you how to weld Aluminum
*doesn't weld anything*
How about welding titaminum? What gas is used for titaminum, argominum?
I weld in chlorine gas. Makes me feel like I’m swimming.
😂
Um .....
Yess
If you Really did try it, you'd have found out very quickly that Chlorine oxidises as much as Oxygen does.
The weld would be pants. The Lungs would be closer to the pants.
aga I basically don’t have lungs anymore. I’m sending this from the afterlife.
The AlCl3 that formed would melt and evaporate. That gaseous salt would displace oxygen like a shielding gas, albeit more hazardously. Breathing Chlorine gas causes an immediate extended coughing fit, the acids formed in the lungs although relatively harmless(in tolerable exposures) are very painful. AlCl3 in the lungs however would adsorb water, and form a gel. That gel on top of being acidic, would likely take up x100 the volume of the salt. Creating a horrific case of pulmonary edema.
"Heavens to Murgatroyd!"
Exit, shtage lefft. Without shhielding gas, even!!!
I laughed for nearly 30 seconds at the ankle bracelet. Tony, you make some of the highest quality, enjoyable, humorous, and informative videos on RUclips. I hope the compensation you get for all the time and effort you put into your vids is enough for you to continue making them.
I was like does he have a low Jack on his ankle
Looks like Tony's time traveling antics finally caught up with him. I've seen those temporal monitors before. They lock the wearer in to a 1 hour per hour state.
You can take _all_ the mystery out of welding aluminum by using rivets. My 96 year old mother assembled aluminum airplanes using rivets. *RIVETS!*
Still aluminium or aluminum depending on what side of a puddle you live
I've got the drill press for doing airplane wings. It's a sit down model with the table real low. I bought it neglected from a garage sale for $20. Original GE motor.
I've also got a huge coffee can full of rivets. Probably why I never needed to learn to tig weld all these years but I did just order some of that gas Al-Mag brazing rod he was talking about.
They are still riveted, works better with jetliners thermal range...
John Possum, I first ran into that magical aluminum gas welding rod at a gun show in the eighties and had to buy it because it was being demonstrated by a guy welding Coke cans together. I’m surprised that Ron Popiel never sold the stuff.
Didn’t they use rivets on the Heningburg?
God bless you, I just bought me a new AC/DC Tig Welder and I have no clue how to weld Aluminium. Thank you for this Video. What a coincidence. Also, I think you are very competently in explaining all kind of things like welding. By the way greetings from Germany, that's why my English might be a bit rough. I just wanted to write an English comment and say thanks to you.
How do I turn the frequency up on TOT uploads?
Increasing the patreon amperage tends to work.
@@Mikey-ym6ok 😂😂
Coffee out the nose when I saw the ankle bling, well done. Love the subtleties...
Love the video as always Tony. Just a few points.
1. Try a green pure tungsten as it is softer and will not crack as easy as a thoriated or lanthinated.
2. Use a collet and standard cup. Aluminum doesn’t need the gas coverage that steel and stainless need. The arc will follow the gas so to speak so keeping it directed right at the weld will help greatly.
3. To fill the crater just one more dab when done, then back off the peddle “slowly” while swirling the torch around the puddle a bit.
You obviously can weld aluminum great already this might be more for your struggling viewers than it is for you lol. Great *ahem* job thanks for reading.
Note that some power supplies aren't designed to work with pure tungsten (I don't know the technical reason, just going off of manuals).
Any suggestions for cup size vs. tungsten size?
Pure green does not work with inverters. Old school transformer power supplies only. Not folklore - it's in the instruction manuals.
Thumbs down for recommending pure tungsten. Horrible advice. Those are junk. 2% lantanated is night and day.
I weld aluminum all day with green and guess I haven’t ever used an inverter machine. I don’t know that lanthanated splits on a Lincoln 375 pro tig and green holds all week.
TOT: "If you're watching a TIG video on this channel, odds are, you're worse off than me.
Me: *fighting back tears* Yes, I am.
TOT: "Don't make life harder on yourself."
Me: *wipes eyes* Okay.
Bring it in brother. We're family.
Watching this makes my emotions go all over the place. I feel negative, positive, negative, positive... I hope I can find my balance back.
I love these welding for dummies episodes. Really helps with understanding the real basics.
As an Australian, does this tutorial still work for aluminium while upside-down?
Sure,
just reverse everything on your ups and downs and then reverse the reverse and reverb your guitar
Stick welding is easy, they sell upside down rods.
Also you need to reverse the balance positive-negative
Just make sure you use positrons instead.
If you take the "I" out of the aluminium the aluminum might weld better upside down
Thank you, I have been looking for RUclips tutorials on Alu welding for a long time and this one was by far the most informative and explanatory! Great job
I'm grateful for you keeping it real. Thank you for being authentic. Thank you for explaining. Thank you for taking your time. Your editing and style are much appreciated.
Ah! That’s why my bench keeps exploding. Thanks Tony.
The guys at harbor freight started looking at me suspiciously after I’ve been buying a new workbench every week.
Mark M I started buying them on line for the same reason.
Tony’s content is always next level. Still blows my mind, how he can make just about anything interesting. Always learning new stuff when I watch! Thanks Man...
Yes. Another video. I have been following your channel for over a year now and you have taught me so much. I love this channel. I can’t wait for some more machining videos.
I love your work Tony. Strange how you seem so human.
Please continue to release new content. I can never get enough!!
It’s been awhile. It’s good to have you back and doing what you do so masterfully.
They are arguably to best known hands in cyberspace....and the wit and learning are unmatched anywhere.
Please continue!
My great grandmother welded aluminum airplanes with a gas torch.
I bought a pound of AmazingAlumaWonderTrodes™️ at the box store for my stickwelder to fix my kids car seat and it's still holding great!
You should have used loctite epoxy on n.v that car seat for safety
This has to be probably the best explanation of the settings ive come across. Great Job Tony.
This is the best explanation of AC balance that I've heard. Clear and almost percise. Thanks TOT.
Wow, some of the coolest welding shots i've ever seen..
"As always, I hope you enjoyed that."
As always, I did enjoy that.
Great piece. I just learned more about welding aluminum than I have in the last 70 years. Thanks!
That's the best explanation of the terms that I have heard yet, thanks! Entertaining too!
as a German, I was slightly concerned seeing the thumbnail.
ToT, thanks for your great humor. It is always nice to start any day with a laugh given by ToT.
Now the reason for the post. TIG Tawk is so enormous, us, we, I copper-stand the complexity of what you go through determining exactly (precisely) what part, section or topic of TIG Tawk to go over. Us, we, I hope you do a serial series of TIG Tawk of more than just the basics for each type of weldable materials like mild steel, stainless, aluminum and maybe even paper and plastics. Well, on second thought, maybe just the metals. Trust me, well maybe not, your audience (us, we, I) will get a big kick, enjoyment, out of your tutorials (humorous videos).
Keep being you, for the world is a much better place with TOT videos. Thanks again for all the laughs and down to earth videos. Hat Tip.
Thanks! It usually boils down to basics! Your persona is very unassuming. Gracias!
This video is the reason I keep coming back, A-grade high quality humour and sometimes if you blink you'll miss it. Throw in some quality learning and you've got a win win, keep it up! Thanks!
Way back in the last century I welded aluminum with stick arc and used cobalt blue screen in our helmets to view the puddle. It still took voodoo to get a good weld. ;O)
how mind giving some tips to a journeyman
It's been a awhile since I welded aluminum; But the biggest problem was recognizing the melting point and losing control. We use to make lines with a magic marker on the aluminum and when lines disappeared it was getting to hot to continue. On thicker stock the same method works if you apply soot it from a cutting torch.
TIG has eliminated almost all the hassles of welding aluminum.
I remember a movie with shades of grey my dad forbade me to watch.
🙄
So here I am watching Tony schoolhouse me on being an Aluminum TiGr
You can tell your dad you watched some 50 shades of TiG p0rn directed by ToT, nothing can ever surprise you.
Yep you need a special rod daddy's dissapointment
Aluminium only really gets you like 5 shades of grey at best, but I guess better than nothing.
Vandievelen Vandievelen is it normal where you come from to use sexual innuendos with 13-14 year old girls?
Julio de Cassovia you got me grounded 😥🙄
So far, this is the tig welding technique video I have seen.
You’re a great teacher. I’m looking forward to see more videos from you.
Thanks
Ok man, I have an invertig 221, & quit using it for years. I have sent trash cans of burnt alum to the recycle bin. This video was so well done, it felt like the sun came out after a 10 year eclipse. Your descriptions on basic protocol are just common sense and refreshing. Now I can';t wait for tomorrow to fix what I have been doing so wrong for so long. THANK YOU!
As always Tony you have a way with words in a way of keeping your audience hanging on every breath you speak I learned the most from your Channel glad to see you're back we miss you. PS. I am now welding you an aluminum sweater what size are you
Great video Tony and the editing is next level
I am so glad I found you Tony. I’m a tool maker and I’m adding some fabricating to my skills. Just bought my first TIG primarily for aluminum. You have been a great help. Love the quality of the video , the great clear information and the great humor. Truly great production. Thank you for spending time on these videos!
You are a great teacher! I have a small stick welder and I am light years away from ever needing to upgrade. None the less, I watched this video in full. The puns and pop culture break the monotony. And... you’re great at this 1 on 1 teaching thing. Thanks!
I teach welding and I'm still watching this video.
At least your not like my welding instructor. Smoking outsideor playing in the back while his students teach us how to weld
great video!
yeah, my biggest challenges with aluminum were/is getting parts clean enough for a weld lacking porosity... once entering the realm of being able to fix aluminum parts, you find out how many aluminum parts tend to be lathered in oil and nasty residues.... and then of course how you find aluminum is in a constant battle with stainless on which wants it cleaner
welding cracks is also a very interesting venture
Love your personality and humor!!! Thanks!!!
Best explanation of AC settings I have seen. Thank you.
I see TOT and I drop EVERYTHING!
and that is why they still don't ask me to look after the baby
At this point, it's Pavlovian :) I run to the computer, grab some popcorn and prepared to be entertained. It never fails!
Wow...
Not letting you hold my beer.
is that why the baby's crying?
Manual 3D metal printing, now there is a project…
There are some printers that use MIG guns as print heads. Detail is lost, but you get big metal things out of it.
@@Breakfast_and_Bullets there is also the dmg lasertec 3d
@@Breakfast_and_Bullets tot did a vid ruclips.net/video/sFXniBbgbw0/видео.html
good watch but I used to work in a fab shop with a big ABB robotic arm that welded parts up Christ the pendent on that thing was MASIVE
just got myself an AC machine ... this is about the best vijaeo i've come across yet.
Cheers Tony
This Old Tony is the epitome of sharing knowledge/FYI of a RUclips video...First class, all the way!
7:34 Top tip. Do not touch your TIG electrode unless you're sure it's not hot. I once "pricked" (more like vaporized) my pointer finger just after welding, not the best experience I've had. xD
Remember that Tungsten is the chemical element with the highest melting Point.
Well you clearly can't trust a metal that calls itself Tungsten and signs his initial as "W"... ;)
@@AttilaAsztalos Hmm dont know if you take its original name "Wolfram" it makes sense that its the W. But then the english language seems not to like names and has the habbit of calling "objects" a different name just to fuck with other languages?
@@AttilaAsztalos
That W is the initial of her maiden name.
@@kaitan4160
Yeah us crazy Americans, We even spell habit different than you.
This remembers me that next Monday I have to weld some galvanized stell hinges on a mild steel cart and the only thing I have is a drill and pop rivets.
Seriously, thanks for this video, Tony - I've watched countless other videos on aluminum welding from all the usual reputable (and not so reputable) sources, but somehow despite being comfortable on steel, I could never manage to lay even a single simple bead on aluminum before. Your video didn't contain any magic tricks, but somehow your method of presentation made it click for me - today I was able to lay down multiple test beads that didn't end in abject failure. It's not much, but it's a big deal to me. Keep up the great videos!
What a brilliant video!!! thanks for taking the time to learn mere mortales some of the most important tig hacks!
Reason for electrode negative and ac balance greater than 50% negative: You don't want to overheat your electrode, you do want to penetrate the oxide on the aluminum, thus the electrode must be negative most of the time. AC current goes straight through oxide coatings as they are capacitors, where there is current and voltage in air there is an arc. Hence you want HF start as the capacitance of aluminum oxide is small and you want the arc to start. The arc will then destroy the oxide layer by ionizing the air and allowing the electrode negative side of AC to heat and deform the aluminum under the started arc.
Oh yeah tot and coffee. Today’s gonna be a good day when it starts like this !
Another entertaining and educational video. I have learned more about TIG welding from watching you, doubleboost, and Steve Summers, than I ever did in a year at vocational school. Thanks so much for the video. Wish I could afford a TIG welder. I have an AC stick welder, and a Flux core wire welder, that gets me by.
Your humor is so unique and i love it.
My great grandmother welded aluminum spars to wooden ribs on planes using just a lump of burning coal and baking foil.
ioneyesed sounds like a pile bullshit. How on earth did she do it without milk and ramen?
*pile of
Poo poo
Wish I'd had seen this video before my torch and bench exploded
I am just starting out TIG welding as I have retired and I have bought myself on lathe and a milling machine and learning all this stuff myself and this was probably one of the better videos I've watched on welding aluminum
Spontaneously understood anodizing. Great video!
I was still thinking that the AC button was the Air Conditioning setting, I'm sure you taught us that in a previous video? Great stuff ToT, Thank You!
I’ve got a tungsten drill bit, jumper cables, an inverter and a lightning rod. I think it’ll be a good starter kit for welding aluminum.
MacGyver approves this message.
Thank you for this advice! I finally bought an AC welder and a nice Speedglass helmet. This made the process sound less complicated.
Such a great video! You managed to explain it in English and not Greek half way through like so many others do.
Thanks!
10:30 at 1.5x playback speed - Tony becomes a RAP GOD
Super excited to see a new TOT video! Would you by any chance be able to re-post some of your old videos that got taken down, such as the drill press rebuild and part 4 of the surface grinder restoration???
Love your stuff!
Great video, very educational and fun to watch. I really like the way you explain the affect of each variable in terms of a beginners perspective. That's just what I need, so I can get started with the settings in the right ball park.
I first watched your channel to learn lathe and milling skills.
But, after seeing how often you used TIG during your various projects I just had to get a TIG welder.
So, now I'm watching your welding videos to learn another new skill!
Many thanks, Paul in NZ
That was an excellent video! Thank you to this old Tony! ☺
Damn, it's over. Now I have to wait a whole week for another fix!
I love your flashing socks! how did you get those?
Florian M. I thought it was an ankle monitor lol
I'm wondering if it is a boot heater, because those are in fact things that exist, though I've only seen them on ski boots.
He stole Al's steel brush.
@@beardoggin8963 same was just abt to ask y he was under house arrest
@@David-if2hj I think it has something to do with his wife. If you're married you'd understand...🙄
Thank you, I now will feel a lot better about trying TIG. The part about the why of balance etc was really helpful.
I'm glad to find someone that knows about this. A long time ago I was working for a pipe contractor. One Monday one of the welders was trying to weld on an aluminum flat bottom boat. He was hollaring about the weld wouldn't stick. I got him a can of electraclean and some rags. The boat had been in a tank with contaminated waste. Later he thanked me and said I was smarter than everyone else in the shop. I'm just a pipe fitter, not a welder. Have a wonderful week.
Being first to a TOT video is almost like a World Record !
I nearly slipped clicking on this, and I'm sitting down
You are an amazing storyteller! Love these videos. Could listen to you all day - luckily I can 😁
I have been professionally welding and fabricating for 5 years now, 3 of which was specialty welding. you explained this PERFECTLY for beginners. hit every point basic and sweet. no overdoing, or complicating. very well made video. awesome stuff!
Fundamentally the reason why AC is used is to break through that oxide layer. The oxide layer has a really high melting point whereas the regular aluminium underneath has a real low melting point. So you need the negative polarity to bust through it (sometimes called cleaning because you're cleaning the surface of oxide) and then the lower amount of heat with the positive polarity. If it wasn't for that oxide layer then you could just use DC.
@Chris Stevens DC isn't in a wave form. AC is the wave, which is what the balance is about. It determines how much of the wave positive and negative.
You can change the shape of the AC wave, usually either the classic sine or square, with I believe the square being the most common, which is what I think you're confusing with a "mixed" waveform.
@Chris Stevens now i get you. You're right, you just confused me over mixed AC/DC. I've never actually seen (or noticed) that setting.
The only cheap Chinese machine I've used is my own home stick welder. In work I use millers and esab units (for tig). We have an old AC buzz box for aluminium, which of course has no setting for this and the esab as far as I can tell doesn't (I've never had the need to use it if it did).
It seems like a really pointless setting setting if you were to ask me. It just seems like another way to take skill out of tig by adding more complicated electronics. Once you get the hang of it then there really is no need to fuck around with mixed signals.
Tony - "burned my pinky!"
Jodie - "where's my tig finger?"
Great video and thanks for sacrificing a cup for us, good visual demos!
I really appreciate this, I never understood balance until now. Thanks👍
Did getting that material for the weld cart finally catch up to you?
Its nice of you to give your wire brushes names.
Excellent video, thanks for posting! as a beginning TIG welder this has been so helpful in understanding the terms, and what lovely welds are possible! Just need an AC welder now..
Ahhhhh..... Nothing better than tony humor in the morning. Just makes my day!