Mate..., it's vids like these where you just crush it! I am amazed at how much interesting info you can expose me to in less time than it takes to drink my coffee, that's 1 hell of a brain you've got there mate and I appreciate it very much.
As a classical educator, I've got to applaud your tracing of the development of humanity's understanding of the idea called "light" ... just wonderful work.
You have a fantastic presentation, in my opinion. It’s natural and is in a manner that mimics real life “training” on these topics. It’s not sterile like a classroom nor produced into oblivion. Please don’t let someone try to “improve” your videos. They are perfect in my eyes. Thank you so much for educating me 🙏
One of the problems with these *Optical Rectennas* is the _forward voltage drop_ of the diodes, which is a particular problem when they are illuminated with non-coherent light (light other than laser light). One way to boost the conversion efficiency is to feed some of the generated power back in, as a bias voltage, to just a bit below the forward conduction voltage of the diodes. This allows the diodes to start conducting with weaker signals (lower voltages) from the antennas. Antenna output voltages much lower than the theoretical energy of the photons is _guaranteed to happen much of the time,_ since the photons of incoherent light have random phases, and except in the dimmest light intensity, the close arrival of more than one photon per instant is very common. The forward bias voltage allows weak signals to push through the forward voltage drop and contribute to output current, when they would otherwise fail to contribute to anything but waste heat.
Optics was one of my weaker subjects but as i remember we were taught that sun light is actually comparable to laser light in that the beams are pretty much parallel to one another because of the huge distance they are emitted from. Is that a thing in your opinion?
@@hansmuller1625 - "Fairly parallel" is a nearly meaningless phrase, like "a little bit pregnant". As seen from Earth, the Sun is about half a degree wide, which means the solar rays have half a degree of divergence... AT EARTH. Closer to Old Sol, there is more divergence, and far from him there is less, just like with any light source. But even half a degree of divergence is way more than a collimated laser beam. This divergence is related to a concept called "etendue" and it imposes strict limits on the ability of optical systems to concentrate the light from the Sun, or any light source. In that way, etendue is a bit like Entropy... you can easily increase it, but it is considered impossible to decrease it. There may be exceptions in special cases, outside of Classical Physics. BTW, there is a non-Classical branch of Optics called *non-imaging optics* which has slightly different rules, and by combining regular light concentrators like parabolic mirrors with a special non-imaging *light funnel,* it IS possible to exceed the classical limit imposed by the etendue of sunlight, as was proven decades ago and reported in the prestigious journal *Nature* in a letter called "Sunlight Brighter Than The Sun". That letter is still available online. The authors included the main "grandfathers" of the field of non-imaging optics, and their work included *actually building and testing their **_hybrid optics device, which yielded light concentration about 20% brighter than found on the surface of the Sun!_*
@@seloameEAlorvi The simplest answer is "You put the bias voltage in series with the rectenna." In practice that may require use of a DC-to-DC converter to precisely adjust the bias voltage, while also providing DC isolation between the two halves of the DC-to-DC converter. Also note that the input side of the DC-to-DC converter draws current from the series output of bias+rectenna, while the output of the DC-to-DC converter provides current at the lower voltage of the bias. I know this sounds odd, like a violation of a Conservation Law, but it is not, *so long as the rectenna (or other voltage source) is contributing more power to the circuit than is lost in the DC-to-DC converter.* Alternatively, and much simpler in concept, is to put some normal photovoltaics in series with the rectenna, or series string of rectennas, to provide the necessary _forward bias voltage._
@@YodaWhat this is absolutely fascinating, I could listen to or read up on this for hours. I’d love to know more. Do you think we’ll ever be able to harness this power? I mean it could upset the balance of whole economies couldn’t it? 🤷♂️
I know it's a lot of work but I'm sure all of us would really appreciate if you would add a link in the description when you refer to previous episodes. Your following is growing so much and you are producing so many top-quality videos that it is easy to miss one every now and then and not so easy to find them. With great success comes responsibility and difficulties but great work all the same.
I don't catch all your vids. But, like this one in particuar, they never cease to amaze me. Especially when you pull the different advancements together to show the potential opportunities for home experimenters.
Thanks for the video Rob. It just reminded that fractal geometry is used in designing some antennae (e.g. cell phones) to receive a wider range of frequencies.
I have a very beautiful fiber optic blue argon laser so I have set up the double slit experiment many times to show people. And it never ceases to blow my mind.
You can find an old video of Richard Feynman giving a lecture on QED here on RUclips, it's well worth a listen. Light is made of particles, like raindrops in a monsoon. But what is a particle? We use wave equations to describe them not because anything is waving, but because everything depends on phase. It's all about how the phases of every possible path line up with each other. Usually, the path that has the most constructive interference is the one that takes the least time.
Potential endless energy source basically anywhere in this universe: a. Small aluminum cones with an electrical wire running through the center of the cones, cones spaced apart (not touching I'm thinking) but end to end. b. Electromagentic radiation energy in the atmosphere interacts with the aluminum cones. c. Jostled atoms and molecules in the cone eventually have some electrons try to get away from other electrons of which those electrons gather at the larger end of the cone, of which also creates an area of positive charge at the smaller end of the cone. d. The electron's in the wire are attracted to the positive end of the cone and the positive 'end' in the wire are attracted to the negatively charged end of the cone. e. Basically a 'battery' has been created inside the electrical wire itself, different areas of electrical potential. Basically a 'wire battery' or a 'batteryless battery', however one wanted to call it. f. Numerous cones placed end to end increases the number of 'batteries' in the wire. (In series to increase voltage, in parallel to increase amperage). * Via QED (Quantum Electro Dynamics) whereby electromagnetism interacts with electrons in atoms and molecules, one would have to find the correct 'em' frequency for the correct material being utilized for the cones. The shape of the cones could also come into play. The type and size of the wire as well as the type and thickness of the insulation between the cones and the wire would also be factors. * Of course also, possibly 2D triangles made up of certain materials with a conductor going down through the center of the triangle could possible achieve the same 'batteryless' battery system. * Plus possibly with the 2D concept, layered 2D's that absorb different energy frequencies, thereby increasing the net output.
Very, very nice. Ionel Dinu's papers on this turned me onto this idea a few years ago. It is indeed exceptionally exciting. Even a "poor" rectenna has the potential of being equivalent to 2 or 3 times BETTER than any current widely used solar tech. Imagine too the potential to no longer have to "aim" solar panels at the sun. A rectenna removes a tremendous amount of complexity.
Why wouldn't you aim it at the sun? Photons per surface area still varies with the dot product of the surface normal to the direction to the sunlight. A surface that's facing 90 degrees from the inbound sunlight is going to be picking up virtually zero photons across that surface, while a surface that's facing 45 degrees off from the sunlight direction will pick up ~0.707 of the photons that it would if fit were facing directly at the sun.
@@CharlesVanNoland couple of things: first, photons are not and have not been proven to be real. The reason this is important is due to the very nature of this discussion- the concept of photons is a "packet of waves" and for some reason they are not believed to exist (in the same format) for radio (aether) waves below the visible light spectrum "region" in the (theoretically infinite) full spectrum. "Light waves" are at such a short wavelength and such a high frequency (as he noted in the video) that they are basically precluded from passing through roughly anything "substantial". (I would highly recommend reading Ionel Dinu's papers; especially regarding antennas.) The very concept of an antenna is that it is (as Rob put it) using the "wave property of light" (in reality ALL it ever was was waves and the problem has simply been the modeling that was used and screwed up over the past century+) and subsequently we must look at the sun as a huge transmitter antenna - since that's all that it really is. Therefore you can operate with omni-directional antennas and still achieve a remarkable amount of efficiency (review Rob's remarks on the efficiency of antenna based devices vs traditional panel devices that are so widely used right now). A yagi or other kind of antenna might be a little more efficient, but there is simply no need for all of the additional (expensive and create additional points of failure) apparati to track the sun throughout the day with this kind of device.
@@cryptonein This is for extracting energy from visible light from the sun, which is absorbed by opaque objects regardless of the wave like nature, otherwise everything would be transparent. You're using magical thinking. All opaque things vary in the amount of light they receive/reflect based on their surface normal to light direction vector, you can take that to the bank. If this operates magically as though transparent then it's not using light from the sun, or IR/UV - maybe deep infrared which does start passing through some opaque things a bit before it's just microwaves, and going off the other way past UV is x-rays. Is that what this is picking up, microwaves or x-rays from the sun? That's what it'd have to be if an omni antenna could be made to get energy from the sun.
@@CharlesVanNoland there is nothing magical whatsoever about my thinking. If you have a problem with this, then you simply have a problem with the concept of antennas and "electromagnetic radiation" aka "radio waves" aka "light" aka "radiant heat", etc. etc. Ultimately we can't have a productive conversation until at least we agree on this spectrum and you stop using such evidently biased and pre-established terms like "magical". Yours is a dismissive term and tone wherein you express how you're set in your ways and clearly want to be HEARD and to not have any intellectual intercourse.
@@ThinkingandTinkering You earned the compliment sir. I miss James Burk' "Connections" level of TV. Humor and education, though your stuff is more actionable, buildable.
Nice one Robert, always thought it could be done, Tesla referenced it, I never pursued it, wanted to but never did👍 As always, thank you. great presantation👏
Has anyone used fractal antennas? If designed right it should pick up a wider spectrum then how tie. Has anyone tried fractal and magnets? Thank you for doing the hard work research work on the many projects you give us
I bought some from Nathan Cohen who invented them. The real problem with them was getting the response smooth over frequency, back when he was using 386's to design them. Gain and efficiency could suffer; but they can be more compact than others. I've built some sierpinski antennas and they worked OK. You can call a log periodic a fractal, but they are too big to be true fractals. Magnets have non-moving fields so not much use in an antenna.
Hi guys! It's just like it was said earlier, you guys crushed it in this one. I'm having a hard time figuring out whether there was 6 commercials during this video due to the strikes being removed OR was it just the quality of the content?? Hope you both are having a stellar day, much love
thx well explained i never ever thought about that idea, like all good ideas it seems obvious now, i look forward to seeing if that research progresses.
Fascinating! As this system appears to be so efficient, can they be used for light detection, and for specific wavelengths, even better can the system then be rapidly modulated to tune for specific wavelengths at different frequencies. This would be very useful for microscopes, spectrometers, flow cytometers, sequencers ...where fluorescence detection at low emission intensities are limited and filters are used, or diode arrays where energy is lost through gratings and diodes. Also this may mean excitation intensities can also be decreased protecting tissues/objects exposed to intense excitation light. I love the historical intro. I'm a lecturer in biology and have fun doing this as well.
it would still need an extremely high speed diode, I am wondering about the common Germanium diodes as they have been used for decades within high speed radio and radar communications.
@@ThinkingandTinkering There are several monatomic layer materials available, and they have electronic applications... Even the materials that do not seem to be semiconductors can easily become semiconductors, sometimes just by slightly misaligning the layers.
Applied science recently made a video where they demonstrated the production of accurate and selectively sized silver nanoprisms with light. Those can be the two halves of your bowties, you just need to figure out how to grow the insulator on touching tips?
@@ThinkingandTinkering : Might be the sort of thing that calls for an electron microscope or the like to manipulate the parts at some point. If so, then that would certainly be an excuse for a video or three. Just in case it's useful, I've read that some ordinary engine spark plugs (you need the ones that are solid all the way through, so just knowing the size isn't enough) can be used to pass electricity into & out of the chamber without more specialized fittings.
@@absalomdraconis Use self assembly techniques to deposit the particles where you want them such as DNA origami then you wash away the organics, probably on a doped 2d material substrate. That should be a fair bit quicker than the microscope.
Perhaps one way to utilize existing diodes in the process of rectifying the fast moving light wave coming from the antenna is to exert a gravitational or magnetic pull on protonic wave pulses to slow them down similar to the effect of the gravitational pull near the position near the event horizon of a black hole... or using a vapor of a liquid like water to absorb some of the energy befor it reaches the diode.
Thank you for an inspirational video. It is thought that a coherer is a MIM diode and I have found it can have the bi-directional diode characteristic of a MIM. A coherer can respond to at least 40 GHz as demonstrated by Chandra Bose in about 1895. I find the best combinations are with Mercury, such as Copper-Mercury-Copper. Does not work with carbon which does form an oxide layer. Once the coherer is adjusted to operate on a radio signal i tried shining a light on it but no result, however this was not a serious test.
I discovered this channel only recently. Absolutely fascinating! I have to get one question out of the way, before I get caught up in another video: What on earth are those "shutter" things over the two windows (?) behind you?
When talking about the far infrared part of "sunlight" for solar energy harvesting, it's probably a good time to also explain that the vast majority of incoming solar energy is at FAR higher frequencies than a rectenna based approach can so far achieve. 24 THz is very longwave infrared radiation, deep in the long tail of the solar energy spectrum. So it will require much more surface area to collect similar amounts of energy as the PV panels everyone will be picturing for comparison. That's a pretty important detail to leave out!
I am sorry I missed out something you felt was important - but, I have 10 minutes to give an overview - things are always left out - what one person finds important another finds uninteresting - I am sorry but it's just the way it is, however, we have the comments section and you have added that now and I appreciate it - cheers
Regarding the circuit displayed at 9:34. One will get better performance if they add a ground or another 1/4 wavelength antenna between the left two diodes, combined forming a 1/2 wavelength dipole antenna. for the circuit's voltage multiple effect to work you need current flowing between one antenna and ground or current flowing from one antenna to another.
Wow reminds me of the Crystal radio concept! ''If you wanna find secrets of the Universe, think in terms of Energy Frequency and Vibrations''- Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
I watched the remainder of your video and I have to say that it's very exciting news I'm going to read up on this I might actually be able to get off my *** and do something here
This is cool. I got that radio consisted of photons but didn't put it together the other way, that visible photons were also radio... Or at least radio-ish :)
There were experiments with microwave rectennas done by NASA during some Space Shuttle missions. A microwave transmitter, fairly powerful, sent a narrow beam of microwaves to the earth's surface. I recall at least one part of it, because there was a "rectenna farm" located out on the Canadian prairies near Winnipeg, Manitoba (why they chose that site I've no idea). Anyhow, they played around with that a good deal, and toward the end they were getting rectenna efficiency up in the 70% range, and overall transmission efficiency somewhat less, but still surpriseingly good. I don't know if the rectenna is still in place, moldering away. I suspect not. But, that research should be available somewhere in NASA archives. I have a hunch that NSERC, Canada's National Research Council, had a finger in that experiment, which may account for the rectenna farm location. The hope was that one day, solar power satellites could transmit power in a focued beam of microwaves. From LEO, the distance was 100 miles or less. I believe some researchers from the radio-telescope research project run jointly by the University of Alberta engineering faculty and some researchers from UBC (working out of Kelowna, British Columbia if memory serves). They also had a linear radiotelescope microwave-band antenna in the foothills of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, near an area known as Seven Mile Flats. It wasn't much to look at, compared to the typical enormous dishes, but they did some useful work, and their experience with that probably had some contribution to the microwave power rectenna experiment. It's been rather a long time, and I don't have dates, unfortunately. Still, it is an idea worth following up, especially now with the new fast diodes. Many thanks Robert.
NASA was doing a little DIY project to get people interested in rectennas a couple of years ago, nothing fancy just a small antenna and some diodes and an LED. The military are still interested in being able to beam power to remote locations, the U.S. Navy lab was conducting experiments more recently. I wonder what would happen if you focused either a bunch of phased array antennas or lasers from low earth orbit satellites on one spot? You could power things like that - or cook them of course. One mans rectenna is another mans death ray.
You have done videos on how to do almost every process you would need to build this, except for nano lithography. I would love to see what you could come up with using some old microscopes and a projector. I could see you easily building an optical lithography set up to create these solar rectenna circuits.
Exciting times we live in. Some people dream about living in ancient Rom but we, now, experience LHC, space based telescope, 100% efficient solar cells and computers etc. People in 100 of years will envoy us and dream about to live exactly now.
Hi Rob, maybe you can explain what they were hearing in the surrounding area and sky out a place named Bonnie Doon in Australia. I'm sure if you google weird unexplained sound in that named area the video will come up. Someone commented it was the sound of highly amplified Aether (emf) it's in the sky and with a rectenna setup.
The (long) dimension of a dipole rectenna needs to be rather less than one micron, and the width of it about one-tenth of the length or less. Given that a human hair is about 50 microns in diameter, this is going to present some challenges to the homebrewer without high-resolution lithographic equipment. Incidentally, it was in the 1970s that antenna expert Hugh Wright at Plessey Research designed a sub-micron monopole antenna fabricated on a gallium arsenide diode and demonstrated that infra-red radiation could be detected by a classical antenna. I believe that the device was successfully fabricated by technician Bob Bennett using an early electron-beam lithography machine that he built himself. I had the pleasure of both knowing Hugh and working alongside Bob in the 1980s.
What about polaritons? It's a kind of light that's resullt from a combinations light with other fields, such as electric, magnetic and so on. Light as EM wave/particle is probably one tiny slice of the pie.
Here's are some questions. If I understand the overview correctly, and it's the wave properties of light that excite the MIM diodes, does that mean that they would work with indirect light sources? If the antennas were sensitive enough, would that also mean they would work with moonlight, starlight and be partially shade tolerant?
3:45 well is there another semiconductor that can be doped? What about carbon, boron, germanium, antimony, tellurium, what about semiconductor compounds like Iron pyrite?
yes they are all available and all being researched right now - but the fact remains silicon is the most predominant in the market - the reason for that - at them moment the ones you list are too rare, too expensive or too poisonous
Revised TOE: 3/25/2017a. My Current TOE: THE SETUP: 1. Modern science currently recognizes four forces of nature: The strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, gravity, and electromagnetism. 2. In school we are taught that with magnetism, opposite polarities attract and like polarities repel. But inside the arc of a large horseshoe magnet it's the other way around, like polarities attract and opposite polarities repel. (I have proved this to myself with magnets and anybody with a large horseshoe magnet and two smaller bar magnets can easily prove this to yourself too. It occurs at the outer end of the inner arc of the horseshoe magnet.). 3. Charged particles have an associated magnetic field with them. 4. Protons and electrons are charged particles and have their associated magnetic fields with them. 5. Photons also have both an electric and a magnetic component to them. FOUR FORCES OF NATURE DOWN INTO TWO: 6. When an electron is in close proximity to the nucleus, it would basically generate a 360 degree spherical magnetic field. 7. Like charged protons would stick together inside of this magnetic field, while simultaneously repelling opposite charged electrons inside this magnetic field, while simultaneously attracting the opposite charged electrons across the inner portion of the electron's moving magnetic field. 8. There are probably no such thing as "gluons" in actual reality. 9. The strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are probably derivatives of the electro-magnetic field interactions between electrons and protons. 10. The nucleus is probably an electro-magnetic field boundary. 11. Quarks also supposedly have a charge to them and then would also most likely have electro-magnetic fields associated with them, possibly a different arrangement for each of the six different type of quarks. 12. The interactions between the quarks EM forces are how and why protons and neutrons formulate as well as how and why protons and neutrons stay inside of the nucleus and do not just pass through as neutrinos do. THE GEM FORCE INTERACTIONS AND QUANTA: 13. Personally, I currently believe that the directional force in photons is "gravity". It's the force that makes the sine wave of EM energy go from a wide (maximum extension) to a point (minimum extension) of a moving photon and acts 90 degrees to the EM forces which act 90 degrees to each other. When the EM gets to maximum extension, "gravity" flips and EM goes to minimum, then "gravity" flips and goes back to maximum, etc, etc. A stationary photon would pulse from it's maximum extension to a point possibly even too small to detect, then back to maximum, etc, etc. 14. I also believe that a pulsating, swirling singularity (which is basically a pulsating, swirling 'gem' photon) is the energy unit in this universe. 15. When these pulsating, swirling energy units interact with other energy units, they tangle together and can interlock at times. Various shapes (strings, spheres, whatever) might be formed, which then create sub-atomic material, atoms, molecules, and everything in existence in this universe. 16. When the energy units unite and interlock together they would tend to stabilize and vibrate. 17. I believe there is probably a Photonic Theory Of The Atomic Structure. 18. Everything is basically "light" (photons) in a universe entirely filled with "light" (photons). THE MAGNETIC FORCE SPECIFICALLY: 19. When the electron with it's associated magnetic field goes around the proton with it's associated magnetic field, internal and external energy oscillations are set up. 20. When more than one atom is involved, and these energy frequencies align, they add together, specifically the magnetic field frequency. 21. I currently believe that this is where a line of flux originates from, aligned magnetic field frequencies. NOTES: 22. The Earth can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it's magnetic field, electrical surface field, and gravity, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other. 23. The flat spiral galaxy can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it's magnetic fields on each side of the plane of matter, the electrical field along the plane of matter, and gravity being directed towards the galactic center's black hole where the gravitational forces would meet, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other. 24. As below in the singularity, as above in the galaxy and probably universe as well. 25. I believe there are only two forces of nature, Gravity and EM, (GEM). Due to the stability of the GEM with the energy unit, this is also why the forces of nature haven't evolved by now. Of which with the current theory of understanding, how come the forces of nature haven't evolved by now since the original conditions acting upon the singularity aren't acting upon them like they originally were, billions of years have supposedly elapsed, in a universe that continues to expand and cool, with energy that could not be created nor destroyed would be getting less and less dense? My theory would seem to make more sense if in fact it is really true. I really wonder if it is in fact really true. 26. And the universe would be expanding due to these pulsating and interacting energy units and would also allow galaxies to collide, of which, how could galaxies ever collide if they are all speeding away from each other like is currently taught? DISCLAIMER: 27. As I as well as all of humanity truly do not know what we do not know, the above certainly could be wrong. It would have to be proved or disproved to know for more certainty.
GRAVITY: (copy and paste from my files): Here is the test for the 'gravity' portion of my TOE idea. I do not have the necessary resources to do the test but maybe you or someone else reading this does, will do the test, then tell the world what is found out either way. a. Imagine a 12 hour clock. b. Put a magnetic field across from the 3 to 9 o'clock positions. c. Put an electric field across from the 6 to 12 o'clock positions. (The magnetic field and electric field would be 90 degrees to each other and should be polarized so as to complement each other.) d. Direct a high powered laser through the center of the clock at 90 degrees to the em fields. e. Do this with the em fields on and off. (The em fields could be varied in size, strength, density and depth. The intent would be to energy frequency match the laser and em fields for optimal results, cancelling out the em modalities of the laser, thereby leaving behind the gravity modality.) f. Look for any gravitational / anti-gravitational effects. (Including the utilization of ferro cells so as to be able to actually see the energy field movements.) (And note: if done right, it's possible a mini gravitational black hole might form. Be ready for it. In addition, it's possible a neutrino might be formed before the black hole stage, the neutrino being a substance with a very high gravitational modality with very low 'em' modalities.) (An alternative to the above would be to direct 3 high powered lasers, or a single high powered laser split into 3 beams, each adjustable to achieve the above set up, all focused upon a single point in space.) 'If' effects are noted, 'then' further research could be done. 'If' effects are not noted, 'then' my latest TOE idea is wrong. But still, we would know what 'gravity' was not, which is still something in the scientific world. Science still wins either way and moves forward. * And note: Whether my gravity test or another's, a gravitational black hole would have to be formed to prove the concept as being really true. A gravitational black hole that 'if' self fed itself, could literally wipe out this Earth and all on it, possibly this solar system, possibly put a black hole in this section of our galaxy, and potentially even causing a ripple effect in this galaxy and surrounding universe. But hey, if it does, no worries. Nobody would be left to prosecute those who did so. (Possibly famous last words: "Hey, it worked. Ooooppppssss.................) But as NASA has already proven that low gravity conditions over a prolonged period of time is harmful to the human species, and large rotating space ships won't really work for space bases on planets and moons, those space bases probably being needed somewhere along the way out of this solar system and galaxy, we need to figure out what gravity truly is and see if we can generate artificial gravity so as to have smaller space ships and proper gravity conditions for space bases on planets and moons. Otherwise, at least all human life will most probably die and go extinct one day. Currently, no exceptions. ** Added note: Just trying to save at least 1 single species from this Earth to exist beyond this Earth so that life itself from this Earth has continued meaning and purpose to. Gives me something to do while I exist, otherwise, what is it all and everything for? Even if my TOE idea were correct, but if it did not help species survive beyond this Earth, what good would it ultimately be? So, are you feeling lucky? Doing nothing and at least the entire human species eventually dies and goes extinct with a high degree of certainty. Doing a gravity test, (mine and/or another's), and there is at least a slim chance of literally wiping out this entire Earth and all on it, and possibly more. Do you and other's truly want me to prove my TOE idea as being really true?
WAVE/PARTICLE DUALITY: Better Explanation?: It is only an idea on my part but it goes something like this: 1. Charged particles have their associated magnetic fields with them. 2. Protons and electrons are charged particles and have their associated magnetic fields with them. 3. Photons also have both an electrical and magnetic components to them. 4. Whenever a proton, electron, or photon is shot out of a gun, it's respective magnetic field interacts with the magnetic fields of the electrons in the atoms and molecules of the gun itself, the medium the projectile is traveling through (ie: air), and/or from around the slits themselves. 5. Via QED (quantum electrodynamics), newly generated photons might occur. 6. The projectile goes on it's own way and the newly generated photons go on their own way. It gives the illusion of a wave particle duality, but it is not that way in actual reality. 7. Specifically in the case of protons or electrons, the newly generated EM wave travels faster than the particles. The new EM waves go through both slits and sets up "hills and valleys" of field energy. When the proton or electron goes through one of the slits, it then follows whatever "valley" it enters thereby over time, even shooting only one proton or one electron at a time, the interference pattern will still emerge. 8. As far as detectors are concerned, they probably have an energy field that is one way when on and a different way when off. The interaction of this energy field (or the lack thereof) with whatever is passing through it, gives the indication that is observed. Now, for those who hold fast to reality being probability waves that are condensed down by an observer into one single physical reality, then: a. What exactly are these probability waves made up of? b. Where exactly are these probability waves stored at until they are observed? c. How exactly does an observer in physical reality actually observe these probability waves and condense them down into one single physical reality? d. Who and/or what observed the first observer? e. What exactly happens when two or more observers observe different probability waves? Which one takes precedent in physical reality? For me, while this observer condensing probability waves down into one single physical reality might work well on paper, it does not appear to reflect actual reality. Now, utilizing the scientific principal of Occam's razor, which way is more probably correct? My way by utilizing known scientific principals, or that is as discerned on paper as stated above is how reality actually is?
I love to mix technologies and experiment with improving quality by adding one to the other. As soon as I am mobile again. I have a few projects coming up. If I am still around or have not blown the power grid. Wish me luck. LOL 🤣 😆
I very nearly commented on your scavenger video that even a piece of wire can scavenge energy, just not much. But I was thinking in terms of EMR emitted by household wiring and broadcast radio! Syncronicity!
List has some really interesting but I do have one question. What there be power lost because of heat? The solar cells we have now are limited because of heat however with this method have the same limitation?
Since the wavelength makes things difficult, would it be possible to create a "mantle" that converts thermal energy preferentially to microwave frequencies? Much like a mantle in a lantern that preferentially emits visible light. Then the microwaves would be easy to harvest with a more conventional rectenna.
Mate..., it's vids like these where you just crush it! I am amazed at how much interesting info you can expose me to in less time than it takes to drink my coffee, that's 1 hell of a brain you've got there mate and I appreciate it very much.
wow - cheers mate - that's well appreciated
I agree!
Well put and very true!
I know quite a bit of physics, but you help me to learn more. You’re so straightforward, much like James Burke.
The world needs more teachers like you.
As a classical educator, I've got to applaud your tracing of the development of humanity's understanding of the idea called "light" ... just wonderful work.
wow - thank you for taking the time to say that - all the best
You have a fantastic presentation, in my opinion. It’s natural and is in a manner that mimics real life “training” on these topics. It’s not sterile like a classroom nor produced into oblivion. Please don’t let someone try to “improve” your videos. They are perfect in my eyes. Thank you so much for educating me 🙏
wow - thank you mate
One of the problems with these *Optical Rectennas* is the _forward voltage drop_ of the diodes, which is a particular problem when they are illuminated with non-coherent light (light other than laser light). One way to boost the conversion efficiency is to feed some of the generated power back in, as a bias voltage, to just a bit below the forward conduction voltage of the diodes. This allows the diodes to start conducting with weaker signals (lower voltages) from the antennas. Antenna output voltages much lower than the theoretical energy of the photons is _guaranteed to happen much of the time,_ since the photons of incoherent light have random phases, and except in the dimmest light intensity, the close arrival of more than one photon per instant is very common. The forward bias voltage allows weak signals to push through the forward voltage drop and contribute to output current, when they would otherwise fail to contribute to anything but waste heat.
Optics was one of my weaker subjects but as i remember we were taught that sun light is actually comparable to laser light in that the beams are pretty much parallel to one another because of the huge distance they are emitted from. Is that a thing in your opinion?
@@hansmuller1625 - "Fairly parallel" is a nearly meaningless phrase, like "a little bit pregnant". As seen from Earth, the Sun is about half a degree wide, which means the solar rays have half a degree of divergence... AT EARTH. Closer to Old Sol, there is more divergence, and far from him there is less, just like with any light source. But even half a degree of divergence is way more than a collimated laser beam. This divergence is related to a concept called "etendue" and it imposes strict limits on the ability of optical systems to concentrate the light from the Sun, or any light source. In that way, etendue is a bit like Entropy... you can easily increase it, but it is considered impossible to decrease it. There may be exceptions in special cases, outside of Classical Physics. BTW, there is a non-Classical branch of Optics called *non-imaging optics* which has slightly different rules, and by combining regular light concentrators like parabolic mirrors with a special non-imaging *light funnel,* it IS possible to exceed the classical limit imposed by the etendue of sunlight, as was proven decades ago and reported in the prestigious journal *Nature* in a letter called "Sunlight Brighter Than The Sun". That letter is still available online. The authors included the main "grandfathers" of the field of non-imaging optics, and their work included *actually building and testing their **_hybrid optics device, which yielded light concentration about 20% brighter than found on the surface of the Sun!_*
How will the generated energy be fed back into the system ?
@@seloameEAlorvi The simplest answer is "You put the bias voltage in series with the rectenna." In practice that may require use of a DC-to-DC converter to precisely adjust the bias voltage, while also providing DC isolation between the two halves of the DC-to-DC converter. Also note that the input side of the DC-to-DC converter draws current from the series output of bias+rectenna, while the output of the DC-to-DC converter provides current at the lower voltage of the bias. I know this sounds odd, like a violation of a Conservation Law, but it is not, *so long as the rectenna (or other voltage source) is contributing more power to the circuit than is lost in the DC-to-DC converter.* Alternatively, and much simpler in concept, is to put some normal photovoltaics in series with the rectenna, or series string of rectennas, to provide the necessary _forward bias voltage._
@@YodaWhat this is absolutely fascinating, I could listen to or read up on this for hours.
I’d love to know more.
Do you think we’ll ever be able to harness this power? I mean it could upset the balance of whole economies couldn’t it? 🤷♂️
I know it's a lot of work but I'm sure all of us would really appreciate if you would add a link in the description when you refer to previous episodes. Your following is growing so much and you are producing so many top-quality videos that it is easy to miss one every now and then and not so easy to find them. With great success comes responsibility and difficulties but great work all the same.
that is a very good point mate - cheers
Blimey that sounds revolutionary.
I agree
I don't catch all your vids. But, like this one in particuar, they never cease to amaze me. Especially when you pull the different advancements together to show the potential opportunities for home experimenters.
cheers mate
Thanks for the video Rob. It just reminded that fractal geometry is used in designing some antennae (e.g. cell phones) to receive a wider range of frequencies.
I was thinking along the same lines mate - nice
Your the kind of person I want around in post apocalyptic society
Clif High sent me here.
Such a simple concept to understand. Thanks for explaining.
I have a very beautiful fiber optic blue argon laser so I have set up the double slit experiment many times to show people. And it never ceases to blow my mind.
Thank you! I'm a retired electronics tutor from Polytech. I like to keep up to date. You help alot. Erich from New Zealand
I love the history of things as you explain it very well. Thanks mate, keep them coming.
cheers mate
The best explanation i fond is that light travels as a wave but dumps its energy as a point (photon).
You can find an old video of Richard Feynman giving a lecture on QED here on RUclips, it's well worth a listen. Light is made of particles, like raindrops in a monsoon. But what is a particle? We use wave equations to describe them not because anything is waving, but because everything depends on phase. It's all about how the phases of every possible path line up with each other. Usually, the path that has the most constructive interference is the one that takes the least time.
cheers mate
@Robert Murry-Smith you remind me of a lecturer at College 27 years ago, learnt a lot from you as well over several years.
I appreciate that this shows the real diamond cubic crystal structure of silicon -- so many other videos just show it as a grid.
What an incredible presentation, exceptionally clear and concise.
Absolutely loved this video Rob!
cheers mate
Tinkering in the shed - my kind of show. Subscribed.
Heat sources give off waves as well. This is interesting
yes they do and it is being looked into
awesome man ur freaking awesome thanks for your entertainment information inspiring videos never cease to amaze me
I appreciate that mate - cheers
Potential endless energy source basically anywhere in this universe:
a. Small aluminum cones with an electrical wire running through the center of the cones, cones spaced apart (not touching I'm thinking) but end to end.
b. Electromagentic radiation energy in the atmosphere interacts with the aluminum cones.
c. Jostled atoms and molecules in the cone eventually have some electrons try to get away from other electrons of which those electrons gather at the larger end of the cone, of which also creates an area of positive charge at the smaller end of the cone.
d. The electron's in the wire are attracted to the positive end of the cone and the positive 'end' in the wire are attracted to the negatively charged end of the cone.
e. Basically a 'battery' has been created inside the electrical wire itself, different areas of electrical potential. Basically a 'wire battery' or a 'batteryless battery', however one wanted to call it.
f. Numerous cones placed end to end increases the number of 'batteries' in the wire.
(In series to increase voltage, in parallel to increase amperage).
* Via QED (Quantum Electro Dynamics) whereby electromagnetism interacts with electrons in atoms and molecules, one would have to find the correct 'em' frequency for the correct material being utilized for the cones. The shape of the cones could also come into play. The type and size of the wire as well as the type and thickness of the insulation between the cones and the wire would also be factors.
* Of course also, possibly 2D triangles made up of certain materials with a conductor going down through the center of the triangle could possible achieve the same 'batteryless' battery system.
* Plus possibly with the 2D concept, layered 2D's that absorb different energy frequencies, thereby increasing the net output.
thanks for the info mate
@@ThinkingandTinkering No problem. Just trying to figure out how to tap into the natural flowing energy of this universe.
Great overview and explaination of how all these phenomena are related to each other! Now you got me interested in building a rectenna, damn it! LOL!
lol - damn my eyes lol
Its a great day when you learn something, and I did just now!! Thanks very well explained.
Ibn al-Haytham basically figured out optics including refraction in 1000 AD. You can't forget him.
true enough - thank you for bringing that up mate
Very, very nice. Ionel Dinu's papers on this turned me onto this idea a few years ago. It is indeed exceptionally exciting. Even a "poor" rectenna has the potential of being equivalent to 2 or 3 times BETTER than any current widely used solar tech. Imagine too the potential to no longer have to "aim" solar panels at the sun. A rectenna removes a tremendous amount of complexity.
Why wouldn't you aim it at the sun? Photons per surface area still varies with the dot product of the surface normal to the direction to the sunlight. A surface that's facing 90 degrees from the inbound sunlight is going to be picking up virtually zero photons across that surface, while a surface that's facing 45 degrees off from the sunlight direction will pick up ~0.707 of the photons that it would if fit were facing directly at the sun.
@@CharlesVanNoland couple of things: first, photons are not and have not been proven to be real. The reason this is important is due to the very nature of this discussion- the concept of photons is a "packet of waves" and for some reason they are not believed to exist (in the same format) for radio (aether) waves below the visible light spectrum "region" in the (theoretically infinite) full spectrum. "Light waves" are at such a short wavelength and such a high frequency (as he noted in the video) that they are basically precluded from passing through roughly anything "substantial". (I would highly recommend reading Ionel Dinu's papers; especially regarding antennas.) The very concept of an antenna is that it is (as Rob put it) using the "wave property of light" (in reality ALL it ever was was waves and the problem has simply been the modeling that was used and screwed up over the past century+) and subsequently we must look at the sun as a huge transmitter antenna - since that's all that it really is. Therefore you can operate with omni-directional antennas and still achieve a remarkable amount of efficiency (review Rob's remarks on the efficiency of antenna based devices vs traditional panel devices that are so widely used right now). A yagi or other kind of antenna might be a little more efficient, but there is simply no need for all of the additional (expensive and create additional points of failure) apparati to track the sun throughout the day with this kind of device.
@@cryptonein This is for extracting energy from visible light from the sun, which is absorbed by opaque objects regardless of the wave like nature, otherwise everything would be transparent. You're using magical thinking. All opaque things vary in the amount of light they receive/reflect based on their surface normal to light direction vector, you can take that to the bank. If this operates magically as though transparent then it's not using light from the sun, or IR/UV - maybe deep infrared which does start passing through some opaque things a bit before it's just microwaves, and going off the other way past UV is x-rays. Is that what this is picking up, microwaves or x-rays from the sun? That's what it'd have to be if an omni antenna could be made to get energy from the sun.
@@CharlesVanNoland there is nothing magical whatsoever about my thinking. If you have a problem with this, then you simply have a problem with the concept of antennas and "electromagnetic radiation" aka "radio waves" aka "light" aka "radiant heat", etc. etc. Ultimately we can't have a productive conversation until at least we agree on this spectrum and you stop using such evidently biased and pre-established terms like "magical". Yours is a dismissive term and tone wherein you express how you're set in your ways and clearly want to be HEARD and to not have any intellectual intercourse.
@@cryptonein Let me know when people are generating electricity from panels that don't have to face the sun!
Thank you for your videos. Keep them coming. 👍
Thank you for your work!
cheers mate
That's a rather bold exertion !
Another 400 level college course for the average man and woman. If only TV could be this good.
wow - cheers mate
@@ThinkingandTinkering You earned the compliment sir.
I miss James Burk' "Connections" level of TV. Humor and education, though your stuff is more actionable, buildable.
Nice one Robert, always thought it could be done, Tesla referenced it, I never pursued it, wanted to but never did👍
As always, thank you. great presantation👏
You always keep me learning
Very informative. respect the history lesson too. I recognized one of the diagrams as being from Tesla. He did have a gift. Cheers. DVD:)
cheers mate
Has anyone used fractal antennas? If designed right it should pick up a wider spectrum then how tie.
Has anyone tried fractal and magnets?
Thank you for doing the hard work research work on the many projects you give us
it's well worth a look on google scholar mate - some very interesting experiments going on
I bought some from Nathan Cohen who invented them. The real problem with them was getting the response smooth over frequency, back when he was using 386's to design them. Gain and efficiency could suffer; but they can be more compact than others. I've built some sierpinski antennas and they worked OK. You can call a log periodic a fractal, but they are too big to be true fractals.
Magnets have non-moving fields so not much use in an antenna.
Fascinating. What a great invention. Expansive. I feel we have miss used our precious metals. Silver as well. Shame about quicksilver.
Hi guys! It's just like it was said earlier, you guys crushed it in this one. I'm having a hard time figuring out whether there was 6 commercials during this video due to the strikes being removed OR was it just the quality of the content?? Hope you both are having a stellar day, much love
3:37 Amazing photo!
thx well explained i never ever thought about that idea, like all good ideas it seems obvious now, i look forward to seeing if that research progresses.
Fascinating! As this system appears to be so efficient, can they be used for light detection, and for specific wavelengths, even better can the system then be rapidly modulated to tune for specific wavelengths at different frequencies. This would be very useful for microscopes, spectrometers, flow cytometers, sequencers ...where fluorescence detection at low emission intensities are limited and filters are used, or diode arrays where energy is lost through gratings and diodes. Also this may mean excitation intensities can also be decreased protecting tissues/objects exposed to intense excitation light.
I love the historical intro. I'm a lecturer in biology and have fun doing this as well.
Awesome Robert. Thanks for sharing!!
this is simply fascinating
I thought so too!
Can't recall a time when I've learned as much in 10 minutes as I did from this video.
wow - cheers mate
This is the same stuff that Tessa is trying to do with his free energy device. They called it a radiant energy harvest or/device. Thanks Murray!
VARY cool info. I always seem to learn something new in your video's.
Thank you!
My pleasure!
Absolutely facinating
Would you consider making a video making a rectenna with graphene and zinc?
it would still need an extremely high speed diode, I am wondering about the common Germanium diodes as they have been used for decades within high speed radio and radar communications.
will do mate
@@ThinkingandTinkering There are several monatomic layer materials available, and they have electronic applications... Even the materials that do not seem to be semiconductors can easily become semiconductors, sometimes just by slightly misaligning the layers.
Applied science recently made a video where they demonstrated the production of accurate and selectively sized silver nanoprisms with light. Those can be the two halves of your bowties, you just need to figure out how to grow the insulator on touching tips?
nice - I must watch that video
@@ThinkingandTinkering : Might be the sort of thing that calls for an electron microscope or the like to manipulate the parts at some point.
If so, then that would certainly be an excuse for a video or three. Just in case it's useful, I've read that some ordinary engine spark plugs (you need the ones that are solid all the way through, so just knowing the size isn't enough) can be used to pass electricity into & out of the chamber without more specialized fittings.
@@absalomdraconis Use self assembly techniques to deposit the particles where you want them such as DNA origami then you wash away the organics, probably on a doped 2d material substrate. That should be a fair bit quicker than the microscope.
That's a great review, thanks!
glad you like dit mate - interesting experiments just leap to mind don't they!
Perhaps one way to utilize existing diodes in the process of rectifying the fast moving light wave coming from the antenna is to exert a gravitational or magnetic pull on protonic wave pulses to slow them down similar to the effect of the gravitational pull near the position near the event horizon of a black hole... or using a vapor of a liquid like water to absorb some of the energy befor it reaches the diode.
Thanks for sharing this new technology
Thank you for an inspirational video. It is thought that a coherer is a MIM diode and I have found it can have the bi-directional diode characteristic of a MIM. A coherer can respond to at least 40 GHz as demonstrated by Chandra Bose in about 1895. I find the best combinations are with Mercury, such as Copper-Mercury-Copper. Does not work with carbon which does form an oxide layer. Once the coherer is adjusted to operate on a radio signal i tried shining a light on it but no result, however this was not a serious test.
Wow this is truly impressive!!! ☀️
I agree mate - it's really interesting
Great insights as always
Tks Rob cheers
thank you mate
now that sounds so cool
I agree mate
I discovered this channel only recently. Absolutely fascinating! I have to get one question out of the way, before I get caught up in another video: What on earth are those "shutter" things over the two windows (?) behind you?
I think they are for hanging painted pieces of paper for robs batteries
@@johnmcfadden9336 That's what I've always thought too. To this day it's a mystery :)
lol - they are drying racks - John is right - they are for battery plates
spot on mate
lol - John is right mate
When talking about the far infrared part of "sunlight" for solar energy harvesting, it's probably a good time to also explain that the vast majority of incoming solar energy is at FAR higher frequencies than a rectenna based approach can so far achieve. 24 THz is very longwave infrared radiation, deep in the long tail of the solar energy spectrum. So it will require much more surface area to collect similar amounts of energy as the PV panels everyone will be picturing for comparison. That's a pretty important detail to leave out!
I am sorry I missed out something you felt was important - but, I have 10 minutes to give an overview - things are always left out - what one person finds important another finds uninteresting - I am sorry but it's just the way it is, however, we have the comments section and you have added that now and I appreciate it - cheers
Thanks man! Very enthusiastic about this as well
it's a real breakthrough mate
Regarding the circuit displayed at 9:34. One will get better performance if they add a ground or another 1/4 wavelength antenna between the left two diodes, combined forming a 1/2 wavelength dipole antenna. for the circuit's voltage multiple effect to work you need current flowing between one antenna and ground or current flowing from one antenna to another.
I'm 100% on-board with you for making MIM rectennas. How do we get started.
this is the it will be done one day thanks rob
Wow reminds me of the Crystal radio concept!
''If you wanna find secrets of the Universe, think in terms of Energy Frequency and Vibrations''- Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
I watched the remainder of your video and I have to say that it's very exciting news I'm going to read up on this I might actually be able to get off my *** and do something here
This is cool. I got that radio consisted of photons but didn't put it together the other way, that visible photons were also radio... Or at least radio-ish :)
There were experiments with microwave rectennas done by NASA during some Space Shuttle missions. A microwave transmitter, fairly powerful, sent a narrow beam of microwaves to the earth's surface. I recall at least one part of it, because there was a "rectenna farm" located out on the Canadian prairies near Winnipeg, Manitoba (why they chose that site I've no idea). Anyhow, they played around with that a good deal, and toward the end they were getting rectenna efficiency up in the 70% range, and overall transmission efficiency somewhat less, but still surpriseingly good. I don't know if the rectenna is still in place, moldering away. I suspect not. But, that research should be available somewhere in NASA archives. I have a hunch that NSERC, Canada's National Research Council, had a finger in that experiment, which may account for the rectenna farm location. The hope was that one day, solar power satellites could transmit power in a focued beam of microwaves. From LEO, the distance was 100 miles or less. I believe some researchers from the radio-telescope research project run jointly by the University of Alberta engineering faculty and some researchers from UBC (working out of Kelowna, British Columbia if memory serves). They also had a linear radiotelescope microwave-band antenna in the foothills of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, near an area known as Seven Mile Flats. It wasn't much to look at, compared to the typical enormous dishes, but they did some useful work, and their experience with that probably had some contribution to the microwave power rectenna experiment. It's been rather a long time, and I don't have dates, unfortunately. Still, it is an idea worth following up, especially now with the new fast diodes. Many thanks Robert.
NASA was doing a little DIY project to get people interested in rectennas a couple of years ago, nothing fancy just a small antenna and some diodes and an LED. The military are still interested in being able to beam power to remote locations, the U.S. Navy lab was conducting experiments more recently. I wonder what would happen if you focused either a bunch of phased array antennas or lasers from low earth orbit satellites on one spot? You could power things like that - or cook them of course. One mans rectenna is another mans death ray.
It sounds like MIM diodes would also be much more recyclable/reusable than the current ones when disposing of them.
yep
You have done videos on how to do almost every process you would need to build this, except for nano lithography. I would love to see what you could come up with using some old microscopes and a projector. I could see you easily building an optical lithography set up to create these solar rectenna circuits.
Most enjoyable. What would a ‘panel’ look like? Great work. Keep on tinkering you Tinker!
I am excited for what solar cells will come from this direction 🤓
me too
Exciting times we live in.
Some people dream about living in ancient Rom but we, now, experience LHC, space based telescope, 100% efficient solar cells and computers etc.
People in 100 of years will envoy us and dream about to live exactly now.
Awesome! 👏
Thanks! 😄
Alright I'm excited. Got to get a new lab space done though...
Hi Rob, maybe you can explain what they were hearing in the surrounding area and sky out a place named Bonnie Doon in Australia. I'm sure if you google weird unexplained sound in that named area the video will come up. Someone commented it was the sound of highly amplified Aether (emf) it's in the sky and with a rectenna setup.
This would be awesome.
Are there any Experiments that could be a proof of concept ?
lots and lots - go to google scholar and type rectenna solar - you will find hundreds of experiments
The (long) dimension of a dipole rectenna needs to be rather less than one micron, and the width of it about one-tenth of the length or less. Given that a human hair is about 50 microns in diameter, this is going to present some challenges to the homebrewer without high-resolution lithographic equipment.
Incidentally, it was in the 1970s that antenna expert Hugh Wright at Plessey Research designed a sub-micron monopole antenna fabricated on a gallium arsenide diode and demonstrated that infra-red radiation could be detected by a classical antenna. I believe that the device was successfully fabricated by technician Bob Bennett using an early electron-beam lithography machine that he built himself. I had the pleasure of both knowing Hugh and working alongside Bob in the 1980s.
What about polaritons? It's a kind of light that's resullt from a combinations light with other fields, such as electric, magnetic and so on. Light as EM wave/particle is probably one tiny slice of the pie.
Thanks for the videos. I didn't know you knew so much. Can you do a video on John Searles levity disc?
Here's are some questions. If I understand the overview correctly, and it's the wave properties of light that excite the MIM diodes, does that mean that they would work with indirect light sources? If the antennas were sensitive enough, would that also mean they would work with moonlight, starlight and be partially shade tolerant?
it's well worth a look at google scholar mate - you will find lots of interesting info - but I would say yes to your questions
Stellar! Thank you!
3:45 well is there another semiconductor that can be doped? What about carbon, boron, germanium, antimony, tellurium, what about semiconductor compounds like Iron pyrite?
yes they are all available and all being researched right now - but the fact remains silicon is the most predominant in the market - the reason for that - at them moment the ones you list are too rare, too expensive or too poisonous
What is the output voltage?, current? Many thanks 🙏🏼
I must have missed the episode about mim?- diodes , they are capable of 100% efficiency and can produce electricity from heat?
we made one in the copper/copper oxide/copper thermopile video video 1416 - ruclips.net/video/6-egm7KIj4Y/видео.html
Could you put a quarts crystal in series with the diode?
This is awesome!
Nice one Rob.... Cat wait to rip meter out.... Free leccy here we go
Revised TOE: 3/25/2017a.
My Current TOE:
THE SETUP:
1. Modern science currently recognizes four forces of nature: The strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, gravity, and electromagnetism.
2. In school we are taught that with magnetism, opposite polarities attract and like polarities repel. But inside the arc of a large horseshoe magnet it's the other way around, like polarities attract and opposite polarities repel. (I have proved this to myself with magnets and anybody with a large horseshoe magnet and two smaller bar magnets can easily prove this to yourself too. It occurs at the outer end of the inner arc of the horseshoe magnet.).
3. Charged particles have an associated magnetic field with them.
4. Protons and electrons are charged particles and have their associated magnetic fields with them.
5. Photons also have both an electric and a magnetic component to them.
FOUR FORCES OF NATURE DOWN INTO TWO:
6. When an electron is in close proximity to the nucleus, it would basically generate a 360 degree spherical magnetic field.
7. Like charged protons would stick together inside of this magnetic field, while simultaneously repelling opposite charged electrons inside this magnetic field, while simultaneously attracting the opposite charged electrons across the inner portion of the electron's moving magnetic field.
8. There are probably no such thing as "gluons" in actual reality.
9. The strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are probably derivatives of the electro-magnetic field interactions between electrons and protons.
10. The nucleus is probably an electro-magnetic field boundary.
11. Quarks also supposedly have a charge to them and then would also most likely have electro-magnetic fields associated with them, possibly a different arrangement for each of the six different type of quarks.
12. The interactions between the quarks EM forces are how and why protons and neutrons formulate as well as how and why protons and neutrons stay inside of the nucleus and do not just pass through as neutrinos do.
THE GEM FORCE INTERACTIONS AND QUANTA:
13. Personally, I currently believe that the directional force in photons is "gravity". It's the force that makes the sine wave of EM energy go from a wide (maximum extension) to a point (minimum extension) of a moving photon and acts 90 degrees to the EM forces which act 90 degrees to each other. When the EM gets to maximum extension, "gravity" flips and EM goes to minimum, then "gravity" flips and goes back to maximum, etc, etc. A stationary photon would pulse from it's maximum extension to a point possibly even too small to detect, then back to maximum, etc, etc.
14. I also believe that a pulsating, swirling singularity (which is basically a pulsating, swirling 'gem' photon) is the energy unit in this universe.
15. When these pulsating, swirling energy units interact with other energy units, they tangle together and can interlock at times. Various shapes (strings, spheres, whatever) might be formed, which then create sub-atomic material, atoms, molecules, and everything in existence in this universe.
16. When the energy units unite and interlock together they would tend to stabilize and vibrate.
17. I believe there is probably a Photonic Theory Of The Atomic Structure.
18. Everything is basically "light" (photons) in a universe entirely filled with "light" (photons).
THE MAGNETIC FORCE SPECIFICALLY:
19. When the electron with it's associated magnetic field goes around the proton with it's associated magnetic field, internal and external energy oscillations are set up.
20. When more than one atom is involved, and these energy frequencies align, they add together, specifically the magnetic field frequency.
21. I currently believe that this is where a line of flux originates from, aligned magnetic field frequencies.
NOTES:
22. The Earth can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it's magnetic field, electrical surface field, and gravity, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other.
23. The flat spiral galaxy can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it's magnetic fields on each side of the plane of matter, the electrical field along the plane of matter, and gravity being directed towards the galactic center's black hole where the gravitational forces would meet, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other.
24. As below in the singularity, as above in the galaxy and probably universe as well.
25. I believe there are only two forces of nature, Gravity and EM, (GEM). Due to the stability of the GEM with the energy unit, this is also why the forces of nature haven't evolved by now. Of which with the current theory of understanding, how come the forces of nature haven't evolved by now since the original conditions acting upon the singularity aren't acting upon them like they originally were, billions of years have supposedly elapsed, in a universe that continues to expand and cool, with energy that could not be created nor destroyed would be getting less and less dense? My theory would seem to make more sense if in fact it is really true. I really wonder if it is in fact really true.
26. And the universe would be expanding due to these pulsating and interacting energy units and would also allow galaxies to collide, of which, how could galaxies ever collide if they are all speeding away from each other like is currently taught?
DISCLAIMER:
27. As I as well as all of humanity truly do not know what we do not know, the above certainly could be wrong. It would have to be proved or disproved to know for more certainty.
GRAVITY: (copy and paste from my files):
Here is the test for the 'gravity' portion of my TOE idea. I do not have the necessary resources to do the test but maybe you or someone else reading this does, will do the test, then tell the world what is found out either way.
a. Imagine a 12 hour clock.
b. Put a magnetic field across from the 3 to 9 o'clock positions.
c. Put an electric field across from the 6 to 12 o'clock positions.
(The magnetic field and electric field would be 90 degrees to each other and should be polarized so as to complement each other.)
d. Direct a high powered laser through the center of the clock at 90 degrees to the em fields.
e. Do this with the em fields on and off.
(The em fields could be varied in size, strength, density and depth. The intent would be to energy frequency match the laser and em fields for optimal results, cancelling out the em modalities of the laser, thereby leaving behind the gravity modality.)
f. Look for any gravitational / anti-gravitational effects.
(Including the utilization of ferro cells so as to be able to actually see the energy field movements.)
(And note: if done right, it's possible a mini gravitational black hole might form. Be ready for it. In addition, it's possible a neutrino might be formed before the black hole stage, the neutrino being a substance with a very high gravitational modality with very low 'em' modalities.)
(An alternative to the above would be to direct 3 high powered lasers, or a single high powered laser split into 3 beams, each adjustable to achieve the above set up, all focused upon a single point in space.)
'If' effects are noted, 'then' further research could be done.
'If' effects are not noted, 'then' my latest TOE idea is wrong. But still, we would know what 'gravity' was not, which is still something in the scientific world. Science still wins either way and moves forward.
* And note: Whether my gravity test or another's, a gravitational black hole would have to be formed to prove the concept as being really true. A gravitational black hole that 'if' self fed itself, could literally wipe out this Earth and all on it, possibly this solar system, possibly put a black hole in this section of our galaxy, and potentially even causing a ripple effect in this galaxy and surrounding universe. But hey, if it does, no worries. Nobody would be left to prosecute those who did so. (Possibly famous last words: "Hey, it worked. Ooooppppssss.................)
But as NASA has already proven that low gravity conditions over a prolonged period of time is harmful to the human species, and large rotating space ships won't really work for space bases on planets and moons, those space bases probably being needed somewhere along the way out of this solar system and galaxy, we need to figure out what gravity truly is and see if we can generate artificial gravity so as to have smaller space ships and proper gravity conditions for space bases on planets and moons. Otherwise, at least all human life will most probably die and go extinct one day. Currently, no exceptions.
** Added note: Just trying to save at least 1 single species from this Earth to exist beyond this Earth so that life itself from this Earth has continued meaning and purpose to. Gives me something to do while I exist, otherwise, what is it all and everything for? Even if my TOE idea were correct, but if it did not help species survive beyond this Earth, what good would it ultimately be?
So, are you feeling lucky? Doing nothing and at least the entire human species eventually dies and goes extinct with a high degree of certainty. Doing a gravity test, (mine and/or another's), and there is at least a slim chance of literally wiping out this entire Earth and all on it, and possibly more. Do you and other's truly want me to prove my TOE idea as being really true?
WAVE/PARTICLE DUALITY: Better Explanation?:
It is only an idea on my part but it goes something like this:
1. Charged particles have their associated magnetic fields with them.
2. Protons and electrons are charged particles and have their associated magnetic fields with them.
3. Photons also have both an electrical and magnetic components to them.
4. Whenever a proton, electron, or photon is shot out of a gun, it's respective magnetic field interacts with the magnetic fields of the electrons in the atoms and molecules of the gun itself, the medium the projectile is traveling through (ie: air), and/or from around the slits themselves.
5. Via QED (quantum electrodynamics), newly generated photons might occur.
6. The projectile goes on it's own way and the newly generated photons go on their own way. It gives the illusion of a wave particle duality, but it is not that way in actual reality.
7. Specifically in the case of protons or electrons, the newly generated EM wave travels faster than the particles. The new EM waves go through both slits and sets up "hills and valleys" of field energy. When the proton or electron goes through one of the slits, it then follows whatever "valley" it enters thereby over time, even shooting only one proton or one electron at a time, the interference pattern will still emerge.
8. As far as detectors are concerned, they probably have an energy field that is one way when on and a different way when off. The interaction of this energy field (or the lack thereof) with whatever is passing through it, gives the indication that is observed.
Now, for those who hold fast to reality being probability waves that are condensed down by an observer into one single physical reality, then:
a. What exactly are these probability waves made up of?
b. Where exactly are these probability waves stored at until they are observed?
c. How exactly does an observer in physical reality actually observe these probability waves and condense them down into one single physical reality?
d. Who and/or what observed the first observer?
e. What exactly happens when two or more observers observe different probability waves? Which one takes precedent in physical reality?
For me, while this observer condensing probability waves down into one single physical reality might work well on paper, it does not appear to reflect actual reality.
Now, utilizing the scientific principal of Occam's razor, which way is more probably correct? My way by utilizing known scientific principals, or that is as discerned on paper as stated above is how reality actually is?
cheers mate
THANK YOU for the info.!!! 😘😜
I love to mix technologies and experiment with improving quality by adding one to the other. As soon as I am mobile again. I have a few projects coming up. If I am still around or have not blown the power grid. Wish me luck. LOL 🤣 😆
The rectenna is amazing 🤩
Great video and it might pick up inferred as well so will work at night 🤔🤔🤔
I would think so
So how do we make one? This is fascinating!
I like this guy. And I'm usually grumpy.
I very nearly commented on your scavenger video that even a piece of wire can scavenge energy, just not much. But I was thinking in terms of EMR emitted by household wiring and broadcast radio!
Syncronicity!
nice
Have you heard of Novasolix? They're making CNT rectennas, hoping to commercialize!
Alhazen's most famous work is his seven-volume treatise on optics (), written from 1011 to 1021.
Brilliant thanks 😊 👍
List has some really interesting but I do have one question. What there be power lost because of heat? The solar cells we have now are limited because of heat however with this method have the same limitation?
no - I believe that if it gets hot it acts like a thermocouple
You crushed it!!!!!
Since the wavelength makes things difficult, would it be possible to create a "mantle" that converts thermal energy preferentially to microwave frequencies? Much like a mantle in a lantern that preferentially emits visible light. Then the microwaves would be easy to harvest with a more conventional rectenna.