Ruffed grouse

Ruffed grouse are chunky, medium-sized birds that weigh from 450-750 g (0.99-1.65 lb), measure from 40 to 50 cm (16 to 20 in) in length and span 50-64 cm (20-25 in) across their short, strong wings.
The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada to Alaska. It is the most widely distributed game bird in North America. It is non-migratory. It is the only species in the genus Bonasa.
Rump feathers with a single white dot indicate a female, rump feathers with more than one white dot indicate a male.
The average life span of a ruffed grouse is one year, although some birds are thought to live for as long as eleven years. They will burrow into the snow for warmth in the winter and may suddenly burst out of the snow when approached too closely.
Like most grouse, they spend most of their time on the ground, mixed woodland rich in aspen seems to be particularly well-liked. These birds forage on the ground or in trees. They are omnivores, eating buds, leaves, berries, seeds, and insects.
After mating, female Ruffed Grouse choose a nest site at the base of a tree, stump, or rock in areas with sparse ground cover that give a clear view of predators. chicks hatch covered in sandy to brown down with a triangular patch of black feathers around the ears. Chicks can walk and feed themselves within 24 hours of hatching.
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