Distance, masks and eye protection
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- Опубликовано: 1 июн 2020
- Lancet, Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to
prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and
COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
1st June, COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE)
www.thelancet.com/journals/la...
www.thelancet.com/journals/la...
www.theguardian.com/world/202...
Methods
Meta-analysis
Physical distance, face masks, eye protection
172 observational studies, 16 countries, 6 continents
N = 25, 697, patients with Covid-19, SARS, MERS
No randomised controlled trials
Physical distance
Less than 1 metre = 13% risk
More than 1 metre, 3% risk
2 metres = 1.5% risk
3 metres = 0.75% risk
Face masks
N = 2,647
Wearing a mask risk = 3% risk of infection
Not wearing a mask 17% risk of infection
stronger associations with N95 or similar respirators
Eye protection
Associated with less infection (n=3713) aOR = 0·22
Interpretation
Quantitative estimates for models and contact tracing policy
Robust randomised trials needed
Systematic appraisal of currently best available evidence
WHO, 1 metre
www.coronavirus-statistiques....
Hi doc! From America....thx for everything!
@ITHEREONETHATHASNT Don't you worry; the US has been through worse times!
That reads like a threat.
".... really wonder why we are paying them...." hahaha. So all the advise they gave, to wear or not to wear mask are just thier opinions.
@ITHEREONETHATHASNT It's sad, but temporary. Mankind has a Brilliant Future. A world Paradise with a humble human family of all races living together in peace and no more death! (read only if you wish: Ps 37:29 & Rev 21:3,4) xo
why are you not watching foxnews?
Based on that data social distancing and mask wearing alone should be sufficient to reduce the R0 to less than 1 and eventually stop the spread.
This is what some Mathematicians have been saying since January (Using mathematical modelling based on certain data and theory NOT on actual medical experimentation). However, the UK govt only seem to listen to Medics on face mask wearing. It is a Mathematical problem as well as a medical research one.
It requires understanding of mathematical modelling and Engineering principles as well NOT just medical inference and experiments. Medics do not have the necessary understanding of air vectors or discrete mathematics and advanced stochastic methodology.
Is it ok to just wear a plastic shield - I prefer it to a mask - it is much less stuffy?
@@marianmarian1209 www.etsy.com/uk/listing/782816618
By far the best one! Reasonable price too..not like eBay.
@Matt Yes, because the Govt and BBC said mask wearing is not needed - people believe them instead of medics, scientists and mathematicians.
Thailand think we are a bunch of idiots. All they did was switch off the air-con, open all windows and doors and wear masks and ban intentional travel. Outbreak solved in a matter of weeks.
UK is the covidiot nation of the world with the highest infection rate per capita.
@@marianmarian1209 wear both then you have better levels of protect. What I do.
In 2018 I bought 50 surgical masks that had a layer of activated charcoal to absorbs chemicals. Bought these for travel in aircraft - more worried about oil leaks bleeding contaminated air in to the aircraft. Think I paid £10 for these. In January I could see the corona virus in China, and partly because of this channel I bought a batch of N85 masks, which I have worn ever since if I go to the shops. We have been lied to so much - I am a scientist and used to run a chemical and biological lab. Why does the government stress the need for people to lose weight, take vitamin D3 and go outside in the sun. Our Prime Minister had a BMI of 34 - which is why he ended up in intensive care.
r m The buck absolutely stops with the government. After their repeated incompetence I struggle to understand how anyone could have any faith in any of the decisions they make for their constituents.
Which brand has charcoal in a surgical mask? want to buy
I've been hoping/waiting for this data ... thanks for bringing this to our attention Dr. Campbell. Cheers!
Thank you, Thank you Dr John! Much appreciated! I'm going to go share this with as many people as I can.
A quite big study of masks just ended in Denmark. Results are expected soon.
What type of masks?
Excited for that! Please share with Dr Campbell when it comes out
cheers, please share soon as...look at some of my other comments about masks in other Dr JC videos...very detailed stuff.
@@mariatorres9789 , surgery masks
Will be interesting and may it be read by your Swedish neighbours I must be the only one in Sweden with a mask...
Wow, I just read this study when I woke up today. You're fast Dr. C!
Took em long enough. Masking w/o eye goggling in a risk environment is silly.
They opened casinos here, so I went geared up w/ goggles (hepa filter over vents), gloves, N95 mask,& surgical mask over that, long sleeves & pants, used restroom before going in & hydrated. They were trying to force me to remove mask & goggles in an enclosed room to get scanned. I offered my id, & 2 neg Covid tests,& to take my pic OUTSIDE in open air without gear on. They said no, I had to remove it & get scanned. I left. Wasted 5 hours traveling to have idiots try to expose me. I went home.
@@mariatorres9789 You don't need to risk your precious life and health for any reason whatsoever. That casino will have many illnesses and deaths.
@@mariatorres9789 I'm having the hardest time finding goggles that seal to wear out in public. I've resorted to buying some swimming goggles that kind of look like glasses but they seal around the eyes. However, I'm still getting a fishbowl effect when I wear them which makes me feel dizzy. Can you recommend a good pair of sealing goggles?
Really? I don’t see how... You don’t breathe through your eyes do you?
JB are your eyes wet. Have you ever got dust in your eyes, or wind? Have you ever seen someone blow milk out their eyes from getting choked. Look how your head is made and how it connects to your brain.
I've always thought wearing a mask must afford some protection to the wearer. It just makes sense, and I could never understand why people, including your good self, said it was just to protect others.
Put a mask on. Try and blow on your hand.
You will find that the air flow is greatly attenuated over not wearing a mask
Mel he never said it didn’t ...but primary purpose is to protect others. Secondary it certainly helps you to an extent. See hamster video.
This is about political correctness. The government tells you to protect the vulnerable, to save life. If you are not wearing masks, you are a murderer. On the other hand, the government sent patients back to the senior and caring homes, that leads to the majority of deaths of CV.
But if you don’t think you have it because you’ve been isolated from everyone for three months, then you wouldn’t need to wear a mask, to protect others from you. I believe it helps on both flights and that’s why if I do go out after three months of isolation, if I passed someone, I’m asking both of us will help both of us
@@christopherlawley1842 Maybe so but virus particles still go through
Hello doc🐰. Nice to c u again. Blessed health to you from America💗 Tennessee here💗
Did they specify which kind of masks? I use FFP2/N95/KN95 masks plus a face shield - I wear glasses to correct my sight.
5:45 correction: risk decreased with increased physical distance
The risk at x distance is speculative and must differ between indoors and outdoors.
Always appreciate the straight talk Dr. J.
Cheers! Saw that when having our coffee & doughnuts earlier 👍😃
Please note that not wearing a mask increases your risk 5.5 fold ! That’s how one should interpret such statistics.
It’s great having a shorter video. Thank you very much :)
Might be an odd question but what are peoples thoughts on breathing through your nose and wearing glasses with regards to infection risk?
I'm trying to figure how they would reach those results without a random trial.
I couldnt understand the point of eye protection. Could anyone illustrate it for me, please?
Does this mean any type of mask or just proper n95 or health care type masks.
Hello John, just wanted to make you aware that you have already published this video in your previous one! Go to minute 18 and it starts all of a sudden. Love your videos by the way, I watch your updates everyday 😉
Wait, so all the information about efficacy of wearing masks is of questionable quality? (just like all other info we have about covid so far?)
Wiadroman: Just think how very odd: human beings vary instead of all responding identically like machines do! Who would have expected humans to respond individually rather than identically! Hum!
Wonderful. Finely a study that confirm what I knew in December.
Awesome work Dr John.
What spec were these masks?
If this inverse square law applies and the risk is proportional to the exposure time, then it would be just as risky to:
- spend 5 minutes 1 meter away
- spend 20 minutes 2 meters away
- spend two hours 5 meters away.
Note how this would describe sitting in a train or office. Probably the risk drops more quickly and depends a lot on the space.
Could someone tell me what contact tracing app he is talking about? I can’t find one on the app store
Type "UK Covid Symptom Tracker" in the App Store.
Yeah that's right let fear run you to the "let's get tagged brigade "
Give away your liberty for fear!!!
Think about it...5 G ..police state ..martial law...your running straight into it.
Hi again at this late hour, from Scotland. 🏴 Stay safe and well 😷🌞
How does the distance measures/% compare to the mask/no mask %?
Did the mask tests factor in misuse vs proper use?
How do you do randomized trials with human beings without violating ethics? I mean who want to be the test subject to be 1 meter from an infected person for example?
What are your views on temperature testing. The authorities in the country of my country, Canada, do not seem to believe it to be effective.
How do we account for the additional 4%? The distance study shows 13-3% and the mask study shows 17-3%. Where is the delta of 4% come from?
John, huge fan of your channel, keep up the good work. I have to take issue with your complaint that there were no RCTs among the studies on effectiveness of PPE. It may be difficult to get ethical committee approval for a study that plans to expose people to greater risk so they can supply a control group.
Thank you for updating us. I've been watching your channel since January when the outbreak begin at China. Stay safe Dr. John and everyone in the world.
You need to include how many people worldwide have died because of or with CV, which is well under 0.1%
More people are going to die because of the lockdown fallout. Cardiac & other essential surgery stopped, early cancer screening and treatment stopped.
Mass unemployment, increase in mental health, there are now more suicides than cv deaths in some parts of America.
Indeed!!
Now get in line , shut up with your sensible statement and follow the masses....theres a good fellow!
Oh and roll your sleeve up ready for nano chipping..oops I mean vaccine...
Crazy
Thank you from Corpus Christi, Texas
Greetings from Lima, Peru! Thanks to you I am taking Vit.D3 1000 IU on a daily basis as my leukocites are low. I greatly appreciate the excellent imformation and analysis you provide.
Dr Campbell ... calming voice of reason! Always presenting us with relevant information, that is trustworthy. My respect for you, and your service, keeps growing. Thank you 🙏
Dr.Campbell,
I truly believe that you will live forever.
The world is🥺 spinning so fast, catching fire. You have been such an absolute Shepherd. Quieting fears. Being stable and reliable. This world trauma will show who is who. Part of the problem, or part of the solution.
You will be an asset to the new world.
The unsung hero.
You are loved and respected universally.
About RCT's ... how are you supposed to have a 'placebo mask' ? Also, would it be ethical to give people a placebo mask?
How do you do RCT for such things? It's a bit too risky
Good Afternoon my friend Dr.Campbell 🇺🇸❤🇺🇸
Reacheal: Good evening from the DC 7 p.m. curfew---protest seige day 5. 🛥️🤔🦋👀
Hi dr from New Jersey. Thank you for all the info !
High doctor from northwest GA USA! My wife and I watch you religiously and really appreciate all the information you make very consumable on a daily basis!
So masks, is the 3% for out doors? in doors? on a bus? surly this will affect the %?
And the over 1m = 3%. I
Presumably this is the indoor risk.
He mentions close contact.
it is a percentage of a variable chance... so the answer is "all of the above". it is a 3% chance factored in WITH the % of indoors,bus,proximity,etc.
How do I get a photo or private message to Dr John. Have tried emailing but must have the wrong address. Thanks to anyone who can point me in the right direction.
Thanks, as always, John. You are welcome into my home, again today. Apparently, you had to repost this one. As time wasn’t included in the study, one can normalize this and say that 2 m has about 25% of the risk at 1 m. And a mask reduces non mask wearing risk to 18% of the non-mask wearing person. Glasses would seem to provide some eye protection. We can all read the referenced study to see if we can see how much.
Question: were the masks that were studied cloth? Surgical? Carbon filter? Just curious.
Thanks a bunch Dr. Campbell! 🇺🇲🇬🇧
Hi Doc ..nice shirt and thank you for your careing and sharing. God bless
thank you for doing this! watching in Rishikesh, India, covered your Respiratory system digestive renal systems fully, and now discovering the cardiovascular system with you! Aspiring yoga teacher here, yoga has put me on the path of learning about anatomy, but with you it is another level of understanding how a human body works! thank you
Hi Dr John Campbell, thank you for all the great information. From Michigan in America
Ready to take your exam . 🤣
Thanks Dr Campbell! Watching from Australia!
Also, I am interested in hearing in what situation has the first "Face Masks" study been performed? In a situation with or without social distancing? And also about which virus is this? (you say '3% risk', is this '3% risk for COVID-19' or for which virus exactly?)
Physical distance outside or inside? Did i miss it?
Quick question...do regular reading glasses offer sufficient protection?
Well I'm not a doctor or scientist,but the big gaps around the side of your glasses will allow any virus or aerosol spray to enter your eyes.
So common sense dictates that NO glasses will not protect you.
My advice is to wear goggles.
Btw wearing a mask result is when both wear a mask or only the infected person or only the not infected person ?
Thank you so very much for all of your videos. Deeply appreciate your dedication to evidence based research. Have been wearing P95 mask, eye Protection goggles over eye glasses and gloves since January. I am sending love and hugs from Washington State,USA, Jeanne of In Loving Hands Counseling and ASMR
Dr John Campbell, What are the effects that occur to the human body and immune system due to oxygen starvation or lower saturation's of oxygen levels?
Hello, could you shed some light on use of face shields ? Potential benefits ?
Did they specify exactly what type of mask/s they were using in their results/statistics?
I went to my local colorado springs post office in early May, there was a white blonde woman, aprox age 40, well dressed, appeared to be middle class, not homeless, lying flat on the bare floor in full view of postal workers and customers. No one seemed alarmed. By the time i walked away to turn on my phone to take a pic, she was gone.
The postal workers at that time did not wear masks and were not protected by distancing. They wear cloth masks now and are separated from customers by about 3 feet. They have plexiglass guards now finally.
Since march, i have not been able to get a proper safe mask or the antiseptic wipes i always had prior to the pandemic. 😣😣😣
Interesting stats. Good to see those country desktop folder icons are suitably socially distanced :)
The risk of infection via eyes is increased at increasing distance?? (05"40).
Should not "close" distance be defined when discussing both non--mask and with misk studies. E.g., if risk is 13% within 1 metre, under what conditions does the risk jump to 17% in the mask vs non mask study?
Is it the case that not wearing a mask presents a higher risk because you’re more likely to touch your mouth and nose with infected hands, and vice versa?
Also, are the Distance risks in relation to infected people or a general risk?
Is this % distance indoors or outside?
I really appreciated this info. Thank you
Thank you from OHIO.Great info
It’ll be good to see the effects of sneezing or coughing on these findings.......... I’m pretty sure I caught mine in a small supermarket in Spain from a member of staff sneezing as I walked past her........ that was on March 4 before masks were accepted as a deterrent.....
thank you so much for the numbers - would wearing spectacles then be marginally safer than wearing contact lenses? :O
For optimum protection of yourself if you have to go anywhere that’s uncertain regarding physical distance etc., wear N95 respirator mask - if you can get (you can in New Zealand & get sent to you. One type in NZ is N95 made with high tech wool fibre - easier to breathe for longer period. You can get either the filter alone or masks made up from them. Might be cheaper than US/UK). I’ve had to send some to my son in USA.
Also, if any mask is not fitted tightly, you can get emissions from the side or downward, so stay far back and be aware of this if someone is coughing.
Another thing.. don’t touch the mask when wearing it - ever. Don’t adjust etc., get it right first. Touching it is dangerous- don’t touch face/eyes. You also need to know how to put on and take off a mask - particularly N95 - incorrect use is also dangerous. Always understand and think about this when using. ❤️🙏
Love your videos!
Is the virus able to survive on food?? Ie, should chefs wear face masks whilst preparing/ cooking food?(for people selling food like take-aways/fast food places)
Can asymptomatic person pass on virus this way??
Greetings from Northern California. Can't wait to get back to UK.
Now that you've trained us as amateur research peers, you've sown the wind, Reap the whirlwind of dillentante observations....What is the research quality of this Lancet journal piece?
It sounds like something like a level three, not reviewed, not randomized controlled, a retrospective study..etc.
So the results appear to be good quality opinion. But there could be conflicting findings elsewhere, so this is FYI, rather than an agreed-upon recommendation. Correct, Professor?
As always, thanks.
Dear John, Firstly thank you for these wonderful videos. Very lucid and informative. I had a comment on the pictures you shared from Malaysia. What you missed is in the first picture there is a sign showing a QR code. The sign instructs customers at the post office to scan the QR code with their smartphones before entering the post office. The purpose of this is to support contact tracing. I live in California but am from Malaysia originally and speak and read Malay. Thanks.
Very happy to be updated with the latest news!! Thank you!
My daughter has asthma, she takes an inhaler, she works for Wetherspoons, and I think when she goes back to work she’s meant to wear a face mask....I read you’ve not to wear a mask if you’ve got asthma, is that true? Should she wear one? Thanks xxx
John, this challenge here is that randomized control trials are difficult to do in general, for prevention studies in infectious disease. In my opinion, this is the type of work best done by health agencies or large institutions like NIH, with the greatest ability to gather necessary patients and resources for this type of work, which gets very expensive.
Tnx a lot John! ... do hope you will do a video on 'mask-protocol' too, and how to treat those home made masks after use ... as for this video, i'm going to save it for tomorrow dinner time...
I hand wash mine,& toss them in the drier for heat 15 min.
Dutch: Soap and water kill this virus quite effectively. Temperatures of 133 degrees F (over 53 C?) for 15 minutes kill it. So tossing durable fabric masks in the laundry works. I have not heard nor read sanitation protocols for synthetic, no - fabric masks.
Yet another important video that the average person can easily understand. Thank you!
I’m in 🇨🇦interior bc
We have 195 cases 3 active cases
I wear a mask 😷 everywhere and my eye glasses 🤓 which I hate rather wear my contacts but haven’t in 2 1/2 months
I use a Lysol wipe when I open doors if I can’t use my elbow
And I wash everything that comes into my house
I we’ll continue to do so
Most of my good friends work in a large groc store and I well not be adding them to my bubble anytime soon
Or going to my brothers 60 party 🎈
That my sister is having on the weekend even though their also in the interior health area 2 1/2 hrs away cuz I know my brother in law and Neice think it’s just a f$&king flu 🤒
And I’m not adding them to my bubble either 😷🤒
Even with 3 known active cases
And a large area covering that
I go with their all here and there’s probably 20% walking around not knowing or caring if their sick
My entire bubble consists of my kids, hubby,& Grandma. I don't kiss her anymore,& told her I love her enough, to not kiss her check anymore. She smiles every time. She stopped kissing me, after I thanked her & pulled out a disinfectant wipe😂 I always wear my mask in her home. Nobody's allowed in my house except hubby & my kids. It's a challenge, but I'll wait a year until there's herd immunity.
Lucky you have found Lysol wipes! Been looking for ages and have not been able to get any! 🇨🇦
Catherine...just stay in the forest and never have contact with anyone ever again...and please, try not to infect the forest....
76
I can understand the absence of studies with control groups: you'd need human studies. Wouldn't the ethics be a problem?
sarah fern I would imagine trying to do a study in a long term care facility a big data collection nightmare, if half of residents have dementia and cannot social distance or tolerate wearing a mask effectively then it’s useless. Data collection time say between hours 4-8 pm when behaviours escalate because of sun downing. . Much like the cruise ships we found out the infection control practices were messed up because of poor education and compliance. The one side of the equation the people side, is unpredictable much like population wearing masking incorrectly by not following donning and doffing procedures in the general public. Cultural practices and untrusting segments of society not willing to comply. The constant air travel with individuals from infected areas or not defining the infected or hot zones entering the country. When I see numbers and interpretations I take them with a pound of salt.
Oh and mask variants. Some masks purchased were defective. Then what does government do with data. SARs did not wisen the preparedness facilitators. N95 verses N100 etc...
I don’t think we can protect the vulnerable in long term care. The staff shortages, fatigue, limited education, poor ventilation in facilities and nature of the client all too unpredictable. Time will tell if any one will listen.
.
But what kind of mask is mentioned here?
I hope the American protesters listen to you Dr Campbell and stay safe!
Any kind of mask? Cotton ok?
I hope we didn’t pay for that study 🤦♂️ being as it ignores the Time factor it’s practically useless! Peer reviewed at all?? In short don’t get too close and it’s best to wear a mask 😷 common sense I’d say. Great work though doc keep up the great work 🙏
Whenever I see "common sense" I replace it with "9 creme eggs".
Seán O'Nilbud 😂😂😂
@Dave Cockayne You just can't do it on humans with deliberate exposure to live coronavirus, but that doesn't mean there aren't useful studies that can be done. You can do it with attenuated aerosolized influenza virus (basically, aerosolized influenza vaccine); droplet dynamics are very similar so the results should transfer well; differences in infectious dose can be accounted for by just aerosolizing more virus.
Randomly assigning people to the mask group and to the non-mask group may work where people aren't required to wear masks. There are many places in the world where officials still claim up and down that wearing masks is counter-productive; usually some variant of people won't fit them correctly and then they will touch the outside (which is a massive fomite) and pick their nose or rub their eye or something. This also implicitly tests if these people become more daring and take stupid risks if they wear a mask (this is a common effect; e.g. people drive more recklessly with seatbelts than they would without seatbelts; but not enough to negate the benefit of seatbelts entirely).
You can do it on animals in cages; where you have control how far apart the cages are from the infected person. You can do it with cell cultures and artificial breathing aparatuses that ventilate and inocculate the cell culture through different types of masks filter media or no mask at all at different distances and different periods of exposure time from an infected person; care is needed to account for air flow and the experiment need to be repeated at many different different directions and elevations from the infected person.
@ keep taking the tablets!
Thank you so very much for all the information you share daily.
Excellent , precise and amazing. Sidd from Qatar
Thanks for these great updates Dr. Campbell. Reliable and not over-sensationalized
Hi dr john, thank you as always for the great research
Thanks Corona Campbell, with all the insane ideas and actions going around you are a good voice in the mix of sane ones.
So glad I bought 3 boxes of N95 face masks today! 😉😷😷👍
What kind of masks should we were? Is a mask made of a sock sufficient??
Hello Dr. John! From Northwest Wisconsin. (Where cases are on the increase...tourist town where it seems that mostly the 'locals' are wearing masks but out of towners, with summer homes here, are largely barefaced. It's more than a little concerning.)
Thanks Doc, checking in again from Qatar.
This is excellent. Thank you again.
Thank you for your work. From Saint Lucia in the Caribbean..
It's alright in theory but people can't seem to stop touching them. So many not wearing them properly too. Could have the opposite effect of increasing their chances of infection.
With regards to your question on why there were no RCTs, it is because of the ethics behind the research type. No committee will allow someone to have any sort of risk for getting the virus and rightly so.
What infection?
Why are some countries spraying sidewalks and building with disinfectant ?
Thank you Dr John. Very helpful video. Please take care of your own health and don't work your fingers to the bone !!!! We need you!!l
Thank you so much for protecting those I love by sharing your knowledge