"The Viking Sword: What It Was And What It Was Not" - featuring Peter Johnsson
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 6 сен 2024
- Peter Johnsson is a specialist in white weapons and takes you on a journey through time: the swords of the Roman era, continental blades, the Anglo-Saxon sword and the weapons of Eastern Europe and how sword design evoloved with changing requirements.
Recorded at the Belgian Knife Society 2017 show in Gembloux by Tactical Reviews.
Produced with CyberLink PowerDirector 16
This was an awesome journey with lots of information! Thank you
Lots Of Information That Is TOTALLY WRONG. You Really Should Read The Newest Comments.
Very Interesting talk! Jeff Helms is a friend of mine, and I own one of his axes.
best intervention I see on this subject. I'm looking for a man able to make a great sword like this for long. how to contact Jeff Helms?
That was mind blowing, THANKS!
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
@@jamiecorrigan3241 thanks i'll check for shure
@@hubimagine8521 Thanks for taking the time. Best, Jamie.
I Would Like To Give My Sincere Thanks To The Owner Of This Video, For Allowing Free, Frank And Open Discussions In This Video. I Am Sure Peter Johnsson Will Have Asked That My Comments Be Deleted And Blocked As He Has Done On Other Sites, Rather Than Give Honest Answers To His Very Many Mistakes And Misinformation With Regard To His Knowledge Of Viking Age And Medieval Swords.
TRUTH IS TRUTH AND PERSONAL VANITY HAS NO PLACE IN THE QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE.
I just started my rediscovery of the "Vikings" and have many questions regarding their arms and equipment - just started reading one or two of the many books I ordered - and here Mr. Johnsson is talking about swords which could have been used by the Northmen that were made in other countries, for e.g. Frankish swords. It also appears they used Frankish winged spears/lances....If the "Vikings" were traders and Raiders it would make perfect sense for them to own +/or use weapons made in other countries / made by other cultures which they could have obtained though either trade or warfare. Really wish there was a discussion group for this type of thing.
There are a lot of things to consider when you try to put a weapon or any pice of equipment into context. The sword must be looked at in both the cultural aspect and the "tool" aspect. The north european swords look like they do because of the "ecosystem" they fit into at a given point in time, and that is true for the rest of the world.
The whole of europe was riddled with good smiths that could forge good swords. But getting the best steel was hard and expensive. Both unfinished blades or steel was traded from far away places.
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
I like how you say 'stone throw away', because I don't think that's an English saying. But we have the EXACT SAME saying in the Netherlands: 'Het ligt op een steenworp afstand'.
We use that saying in American English too.
We also have it in french : "A un jet de pierre"
33:15 and on... Suddenly the meaning of "Not coming full circle" has a new contender.
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
Matthew 15.14 Comes Strongly To Mind.
Hello, thanks for the lecture. But I feel a little disapointed, because I've learned much of what the Viking sword was not, but almost nothing about what was it. What esthetic rules, or at least ideas, apply to the Vikings sword? Isn't there a way to describe it on its own, instead of just defining it against the Medieval sword?
Btw I'm very gratefull to you for the knowledge you share. I've actually applied your "proportions method" to self-bow design and it works very well, and made everything easier, and I also feel that I'm a little closer to how the bows were made "back then".
Look so Anglo Saxon swords and make their hitls straight. And pommels lobed.also make a small handle.
Hi Ondrej H, What The Viking Sword 'Was' Can Be Said In One Sentence. The Viking Sword 'Was' whatever swords of the period they could lay their hands on ! And They used 'Everything And Anything' no matter its source. If you have the time take a look at the newest comments on this video. Best, Jamie.
Jeff Helmes swords are way beyond my means, but I love to look at them! I'd be afraid to even guess how much he would want for one of his beauties. I will take possession of one of Peter Johnsson's designs from Albion in about a year. It will be my first sword.
i know I'm kinda off topic but does anyone know of a good site to stream new movies online?
@Harper Rory Flixportal
@Bentlee Fabian thank you, I went there and it seems to work :) Appreciate it!
@Harper Rory Glad I could help =)
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments.
amazing lecture! thank you
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
Early mass production of swords. - How do you produce consistent products in design, scale, weight, use/economy of materials, etc, etc. I think the idea of geometry as the basis is very plausible. Add in the mystical aspects and it is definitely consistent with how the Church did things at the time. Also, it would have been interesting if Mr. Johnsson would have pointed out the notion of the incorporation of the sign of the cross into the design. The floor plan of a cathedral - nave, 2 transepts, choir and apse - are in the shape of the cross just as the blade and hilt of the sword reflect this same shape, especially with the longer guard also reflects this symbolism.
Yes, the cross is naturally another aspect that further strengthen their continental origin. It is rather obvious.
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
Why was this recommended to me four years after it was posted? Absolute fail, RUclips. Brilliant video though. Peter Johnsson is amazing.
Thank you! I am glad to hear you appreciated the talk.
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
Peter is a treasure.
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
Extremely interesting! I loved especially his explanation of the transition between the viking sword to the typical medieval sword. 25:50
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments Of Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
@@jamiecorrigan3241 I read your long reply now. It seems you're talking about how it's hard or impossible to define "viking" swords comparatively to Anglo-Saxon, Carolingian or any swords really used in Europe at that time; that they are more or less indistinguishable, right? I can see that. And that's why many prefer to term "viking age" sword. And about your comment about Christian influences. Do you think there were Christians influences in the development of medievel swords at all? Like some warriors or knights who preferred straight guards so as to resemble the crucifix in their eyes?
With stirrups the blades get longer, but why does the guard get longer and often very straight?
@@verfed Hi verfed, Yes any Viking would use any sword they could lay their hands on. There are of course as we all know, many Scandinavian made swords of the period, but Charlemagne imposed strict laws to attempt to prevent Frankish swords and sword blades reaching Scandinavia. So In Fact the Vikings used any swords they could. To try to say what a 'Viking Sword' was, is like trying to say what swords the Buccaneers and Pirates of the 17th and early 18th century would have used, they as The Vikings used anything they could lay their hands on.
As to the Christian influence in the development of the Medieval Sword, the idea that the straight guard formed a crucifix was mainly promoted by Artists of the 19th century. Some Christians 'May Well' have thought that the straight guard resembled their crucifix, but the Real Reason was indeed the general adoption of the stirrup. Fighting while mounted on a horse presents different problems to fighting on foot. The longer straight guards helped in this, not only to block an opponents cuts, but to trap and turn their blade. Yet very many Medieval swords do not have a long guard. But as I have said The Medieval Sword is a Huge Subject in itself, And For Every Medieval Sword Mr Johnsson FITS Into His Geometrical, Mathematical And Religious FANTASIES, there are Many Hundreds Of Others that will Not. Thank you for taking the time to answer me. Best, Jamie
29:00 The solution to get even more political power over other peoples lives
Anybody have the slideshow and the sources of the images themselves?
I'm still watching the video but the first few regarding the boat finds are from Hjortspring, Denmark. I believe the boat, a reconstruction and the weapons are in Copenhagen. The photos are available all over the internet.
6 minutes in and I've already learned so much. I didn't know that the boats on the rock carvings actually looked like that in reality! I didn't know they found a live thing of that thing. Incredible! Although I did know about the fact that even the Indo-Europeans would send their young men out into the world to prove themselves.
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
Where's the sword in the thumbnail? That's one of my favorite modern replicas
Yes, Mr Johnsson 'IS' An Expert On Modern Toy / Replicas !!! As To The REAL THING ??? Well, He Makes His Knowledge Of Those Painfully Clear With All The Very Many Mistakes And Errors That Pour From His Own Mouth In This Lecture. Matthew 15.14 In Every Way !!!
Awesome content!!
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
WOW GREAT VIDEO!!!!
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
Mr Johnsson's presentation 'The Viking Sword What It Was And Was Not' begins well enough with him explaining that 'Viking' was a way of life rather than an Ethnic identity. I thought 'A good start in dismissing all the modern rubbish of Viking DNA'. But then, things began to go wrong with Mr Johnsson clearly demonstrating that he really has a limited knowledge of the subject of 'Viking Age and Medieval Swords'.
At 9.50 he shows an image of a Frankish warrior, high lighting the dome shape of his shield. In fact Frankish War Gear was much the same as any Viking or Anglo Saxon would have used, Helmet,Mail, Sword , Spear. Often in illustrations from this period the shields do appear to have a dome shape, but this was more often due to the hand of the artist. But shield form and construction of this period is a huge subject in itself.
At 11.38 comes a quite rare form of sword hilt, mostly known in the U.K. as 'The Cawood Sword' this sword is held in The Yorkshire Museum At York. They claim it as a fine Viking sword but date it to c1100. Mr Johnsson dismisses this type of sword as too late and certainly never used by a Viking. Ewart Oakeshott in his book 'The Sword In The Age Of Chivalry' dates this form to the late 13th century. They Are All Wrong. Only a handful of this type is known, 3 from England, 2 of which yet unpublished, a couple from Scandinavia and another from central Europe yet unpublished. The only 'Period' illustration I know of showing this type of hilt is to be found in The British Library, ms Cotton Tiberius Psalter fol. 9jpg. Where An Anglo Saxon warrior portraying Goliath is shown wearing such a sword. This dates to 1050, clearly this type of sword hilt was then in use and probably had been for a couple of decades before this. So Yes, any Viking coming upon such a sword would certainly have used it.
At 12.37 Mr Johnsson shows a Petersen Type ' A' sword. These are very rare with only a handful yet known from Scandinavia, one found in Ireland and in The National museum in Dublin, and another yet unpublished which was found in a river in North Yorkshire in 1950. They are All most certainly Scandinavian, but Mr Johnsson would have us believe that they are Anglo Saxon and compares the pommel to Anglo Saxon pommels of the 7th and 8th centuries, the only similarity is that they are all sword pommels. The profile of the Petersen Type 'A' is very narrow as Mr Johnsson would know if he had ever handled one rather than relying on pictures in books.
At 13.56 Mr Johnsson shows A Petersen Type: L variant. Of the 10th century, also comparable with 'The Wallingford Bridge Type. Most well known by the one found in the River Witham in England, and now held in the British Museum. The examples known of these type of swords often have Frankish blades signed ' + LEUTLRIT with the last letter 'T' inverted. Another of these with its blade signed + SIGVNIS + was sold at Christie's in London on 17th December 2008. Where it was suggested that the hilts of these swords were probably made in a Southern English late Saxon workshop. Yet where ever and by who ever they were made, one thing we can be Very Certain of is that any Viking would have valued and well used such a sword no matter its Christian symbols.
At 14.43 Mr Johnsson speaks of ULFBERHT blades. These were widely copied over a long time span, even in Scandinavia. Yet Mr Johnsson says NO claiming that a Pagen swordsmith would use Runes and not the Latin letters and a cross. But Why On Earth would anyone produce 'Knock Offs' of a Famous Brand without including the Brand Name ? Mr Johnsson seems to imagine that 'Pagens' would be afraid of Christian Magic ? But any Viking we may be sure would enjoy to slaughter Christians with any sword, even with ones bearing their own Christian logo.
At 16.10 Mr Johnsson quickly shows a sword with an 'INGELRII' blade also made in the Frankish Empire in the 10th century. Yet Mr Johnsson assures us that it is not a Viking sword. So again we may rest assured that any Viking would never have used one of these. It is a great shame that Mr Johnsson was not around to 'assure' The Frankish Rulers of this, they would have been able to relax the strict laws which tried to prevent such weapons ever reaching Scandinavia to arm the Vikings.
At 16.17 Mr Johnsson shows us a Petersen 'Type H' of the 9th century and tells us that this is the Volvo of Viking swords. But the Real Truth is that any Viking would use any sword they could lay their hands on. Yes, they would have used the Petersen 'Type H' but everything else too. At this time in history there was no such thing as the 'Pattern' swords of the 18th and 19th centuries by which you could clearly identify the soldiers in the various armies. Also many Petersen 'Type H' swords found in Scandinavia have 'ULFBERHT +' blades, either Frankish made or 'Knock Offs' by some Pagen Sword Smith who was not aware of Mr Johnsson's Rules.
At 16.40 Mr Johnsson shows another Petersen 'Type H' this time from a cremation burial of the 9th century. Mr Johnsson assures us that the blade of this sword after being in a cremation and then buried for over 11 hundred years ''Is still so sharp it will cut paper''. Of course we have all heard of this feature famously describing Japanese swords of much more modern times, yet Mr Johnsson assures us that this is true. He does however go on to say ''Don't Ask Me How I Know This, But It Is A Fact''. But We Do Ask You How You Know That Mr Johnsson ? Mr Johnsson seems to be getting himself lost in his own Amateur Theatricals.
At 18.20 he shows a Petersen 'Type S' then excitedly tells us that the centre of the pommel seems to represent a stylised house ! Imagination can be a wonderful thing ! But surely not in the context of a serious lecture on early swords ?
But Things Really Take Off at 18.50 when Mr Johnsson shows an image of a Petersen Type 'R' of the 10th century. He exclaims with some excitement that ''This Is The Sword Of A Berserker'' showing the 'Bears Heads' forming the outer lobes of the pommel. The REAL TRUTH is that 'All' Petersen Type 'R' swords have this feature ! So too the writhing lines and dot work inlaid with either copper or silver. A 'Berserker' may have used such a sword but the 'Bears Heads' prove nothing. They may represent 'Dragon Heads' or even 'Wolf Heads' and very funnily by Ian.G.Peirce in his 'Swords Of The Viking Age' 2002 as 'Tortoise's Basking In The Sun''.
At 22.24 Mr Johnsson takes us onto ''Form And Function'' Telling of the mass of swords and their pivot points. All very interesting, But, swords do vary greatly in their balance based upon the weight of their blades and the weight of their hilts. Of course some swords were made to a common length and weight, but others were clearly 'Custom Made' to the needs and desires of their owners.
At 25.32 Mr Johnsson speaks of ''Swords made for the same kind of motion, the same kind of tactical use''. But All Of This Is Really Ruled And Defined By The Motions Of The Human Body Itself.
At 25.52 We reach the development of the sword due to the growing feature of mounted warriors taking a greater position on the battlefield. Mr Johnsson informs us '' That by the end of The Viking Age blades became longer and thinner for use by mounted warriors''. Does Mr Johnsson set 'The End Of The Viking Age' to 'Tea Time' 25th September 1066 along the banks of the river Ouse at Ricall in Yorkshire ? Most 'Experts' Do. However, Very Many Scandinavian, Frankish and Anglo Saxon swords have longer, thinner blades certainly from the beginning of the 10th century ! Something like 150 years Before 'Tea Time' At Ricall.
TO BE CONTINUED IN THE REPLY SECTION OF THIS COMMENT
Some comments to you, and this is really the last bit of time I am going to spend on this today!
You write:
"9.50 he shows an mage of a Frankish warrior, high lighting the dome shape of his shield. In fact Frankish War Gear was much the same as any Viking or Anglo Saxon would have used, Helmet,Mail, Sword , Spear. Often in illustrations from this period the shields do appear to have a dome shape, but this was more often due to the hand of the artist. But shield form and construction of this period is a huge subject in itself."
"At 11.38 comes a quite rare form of sword hilt, mostly known in the U.K. as 'The Cawood Sword' this sword is held in The Yorkshire Museum At York. They claim it as a fine Viking sword but date it to c1100. Mr Johnsson dismisses this type of sword as too late and certainly never used by a Viking. Ewart Oakeshott in his book 'The Sword In The Age Of Chivalry' dates this form to the late 13th century. They Are All Wrong. Only a handful of this type is known, 3 from England, 2 of which yet unpublished, a couple from Scandinavia and another from central Europe yet unpublished. The only 'Period' illustration I know of showing this type of hilt is to be found in The British Libary, ms Cotton Tiberius Psalter fol. 9jpg. Where An Anglo Saxon warrior portraying Goliath is shown wearing such a sword. This dates to 1050, clearly this type of sword hilt was then in use and probably had been for a couple of decades before this. So Yes, any Viking coming upon such a sword would certainly have used it."
"12.37 Mr Johnsson shows a Petersen Type ' A' sword. These are very rare with only a handful yet known from Scandinavia, one found in Ireland and in The National museum in Dublin, and another yet unpublished which was found in a river in North Yorkshire in 1950. They are All most certainly Scandinavian, but Mr Johnsson would have us believe that they are Anglo Saxon and compares the pommel to Anglo Saxon pommels of the 7th and 8th centuries, the only similarity is that they are all sword pommels. The profile of the Petersen Type 'A' is very narrow as Mr Johnsson would know if he had ever handled one rather than relying on pictures in books."
"14.43 Mr Johnsson speaks of ULFBERHT blades. These were widely copied over a long time span, even in Scandinavia. Yet Mr Johnsson says NO claiming that a Pagen swordsmith would use Runes and not the Latin letters and a cross. But Why On Earth would anyone produce 'Knock Offs' of a Famous Brand without including the Brand Name ?"
"At 1830 Mr Johnsson shows a typical hilt but claims the centre part of the pommel represents a stylised house !"
"But Things Really Take Off at 18.50 when Mr Johnsson shows an image of a Petersen Type 'R' of the 10th century. He exclaims with some excitement that ''This Is The Sword Of A Berserker'' showing the 'Bears Heads' forming the outer lobes of the pommel. The REAL TRUTH is that 'All' Petersen Type 'R' swords have this feature ! So too the writhing lines and dot work inlaid with either copper or silver. A 'Berserker' may have used such a sword but the 'Bears Heads' prove nothing. They may represent 'Dragon Heads' or even 'Wolf Heads' and very funnily by Ian.G.Peirce in his 'Swords Of The Viking Age' 2002 as 'Tortoise's Basking In The Sun''."
@@peterjohnsson557 Yes Mr Johnsson, That Was The First Part Of My Comment. But I Don't Understand 'Why' You Answer My Comment With My Own Comment ???
@@jamiecorrigan3241 I invested more than an hour writing careful answers to your questions (with quotes from you to clarify what I was commenting about) and RUclips ate them all.
Now I feel quite spent and do not know if I will ever invest time in that again.
I am not sure what good it will do as you are clearly quite set in your mind about me and what I do.
I am OK with that. We think differently and have different priorities in life.
Right now I must write an article after a conference in Bellonu in Italy that was about the history of sword making in that area.
After that I have several custom swords to make and prepare for classes in sword making.
RUclips is not high on the list of priorities right now...
All best
Peter
@@peterjohnsson557 It Is No Surprise At All, That You Once Again Fail To Give Answer To Any Of Your Very Many Mistakes Which I Have Pointed Out To You In Your 'Performance' In This Video 'The Viking Sword What It Was And Was Not'. Even Although You Are Full Of Your Own Self Importance, You Clearly Realise That Even You 'Cannot Defend The Indefensible Position' Of Your Highly Flawed Knowledge On The Subject Of Early Scandinavian, Frankish, Anglo Saxon And Medieval Swords.
You Now Claim That 'You Tube' Ate All Your Responses, And That You Are Too Spent And Busy To Give These Matters Anymore Of Your Valuable Time. Perhaps You Should Consider Entering Politics ? As You Already Have The Politicians Ability Of Talking At Great Length While Avoiding The Issues By Really Saying Nothing At All.
I Am Sorry That You Think 'You Tube' And Its Viewers Are Of Little Importance In Your Prioritises. But I Still Have To Write The Second Half Of My Initial Comment On Your Amazing Performance In 'Viking Swords What They Were And Were Not'. I Shall Do This This Week. Your Many Mistakes, Which I Will Point Out Are NOT A Matter Of My Opinions But 'MATTERS OF FACT. And I Promise You That 'The Best Is Yet To Come'. I Know That You Will Either Avoid Or Simply Try To Ignore All Of This. It Does Not Matter, As 'The Truth' Will Be There For All To See. Your Badly Flawed Knowledge Just Like 'The Emperors New Clothes' Revealed To Everyone.
I have decided to continue my comment in the reply section as we have some way yet to go and I have no idea how long a comment can be on you tube ? Also, by continuing this way there is no chance of my fumbling the key board and deleting the whole thing.
At 26.15 Mr Johnsson tells us of the introduction of the 'Kite Shield' but somehow neglects to say that the 'Round Shield' still continued on in use throughout the Middle Ages. Good examples can be seen in The Maciejowski/ Morgan Bible c 1244 - 1250. In fact the 'Round Shield' continued in use through the 16th and into the early 17th centuries, and was of course the main form of defence of the Scottish Jacobite's in their two rebellions of the 18th century. The 'Kite Shield' had a much shorter time span by being shortened and outdated by the 3rd quarter of 12th century when shorter shields leading to the 'Heater Shaped Shields' came into general use.
At 26.50 Mr Johnsson again returns to the difference between the Medieval Knightly Sword and those of the so called 'Viking Age. Showing outline images on his screen he tells us -------
''You will never find a Medieval Sword that looks like this'' - pointing to the Viking outlines - ''They always look like that'' pointing to the outlines of early Medieval 'Knightly' Swords.
This statement is TOTALLY WRONG. Medieval Swords were made in a great variety of blade lengths, blade width, types of pommel and guards. There were swords for the Kings, the Nobles and the Knights. There were swords to arm footmen who mainly fought with pole arms, there were swords for archers and crossbow men. There were even Knightly Swords with a straight blade and having a single edge. There was also a wide variety of 'Riding Swords' which were carried by wealthy merchants etc, some looking quite like 'Viking Age' swords. In FACT there are several Tomb Effigies Of Knights of the 13th century in England which show them with swords which look identical to swords of 'The Viking Age' ! One example being that of Sir John De Botiler 1285 in St Bridget's Church Glamorgan Wales, where Sir John is shown fully armed and armoured gripping his sword which can only be described as a Petersen Type 'L Variant'. This image can be found in 'The Dictionary Of Heraldry By Joseph Foster, page 27. The size, shapes and styles of Medieval swords is a huge subject. YET Mr Johnsson dismisses all of this to try to tell us that Medieval Swords only conform to his narrow judgement and we have to say 'Flawed Knowledge And Experience' of the subject.
At 27.04 Mr Johnsson continues with his comparisons between 'Swords Of The Viking Age' and 'Medieval Swords' he says ------
'' Something fundamental has changed in how and why you make swords'' ???
The 'Fundamental' change which Mr Johnsson seems to be 'In The Dark' about, was In Fact the introduction of 'The Stirrup' into Western Europe in the early 8th century, which in time would lead to the emergence of the mounted warrior taking a deciding role in warfare, and so the change in 'some' swords lengths. However the Rulers of the time were slow to realise how the use of the stirrup would revolutionise warfare.
The Franks, The Anglo Saxons as The Vikings mainly used horse's in warfare simply to move warriors from A to B with more speed. It would seem logical too that they would use small numbers of warriors mounted and using the stirrup for scouting the enemy and even in small numbers in battle. Yet, something being an 'Innovation' in warfare has never ensured its swift adoption. The clearest example of the results of this were seen at The Battle Of Hastings 14th October 1066, where The Old and The New methods of warfare met Head On.
Yet Mr Johnsson totally ignores the introduction of the 'Stirrup' to Western Europe beginning in the early 8th century, and its eventual effect in the evolution of the sword in Western Europe.
At 27.42 Mr Johnsson looks to find 'New Reasons' for changes in swords design rather than take any notice at all of 'The Stirrup' and decides that -----
''We need to take a look at what Europe was at this time. You have Charlemagne with his corrupt Bishops and quarrelling War Lords ------------------ Europe is divided and in conflict. Europe is in Flames''.
Hardly True Mr Johnsson, under Charlemagne sometimes called 'The Father Of Europe' Western Europe gradually became united in a way unknown since the Fall Of The Roman Empire. Charlemagne Born 2 April 748, died 28th January 814. King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombard's from 774, Emperor from 800. Brought Peace and Unity to much of Western Europe during his long reign. He fought wars against the enemies around his borders of course, and was Very Ruthless in spreading Christianity. But Charlemagne 'restrained' the Viking expansion, and did much for education etc. His reign is again a vast subject within itself, but in saying ''Under his rule his Empire was divided and in conflict and Europe was In Flames'' is Hardly True. It would seem that you are confusing the Reign of Charlemagne with what followed after his death in 814 ? Then within less than a generation of the passing of that Great Man Europe was indeed 'In Conflict and in Flames'. Then came the great expansion of The Vikings, as the Franks lost themselves within Civil Wars the Vikings invaded Western Europe as well as the British Isles, burning, looting and even taking Paris in 845. But we would have thought that this sequence of History to be well known ? Or, Perhaps Not ?
At 29.06 Mr Johnsson tells us that ------
'' The warrior of this time is no longer a follower of a War Lord, he is a sworn protector of the Church. That was the solution to try to stop the in fighting, to aim the aggression somewhere else''.
Yet, somehow Mr Johnsson's views were lost upon the Churchmen and the Warrior/Knights of those times, as they rarely lost an opportunity to slaughter other Christians. But we shall come to all of this in more detail shortly.
Mr Johnsson then goes on into another look at ULFBERHT and INGELRII swords again. But as we have already covered Mr Johnssons 'Thoughts' on these at 14.43 and 16.10. I shall move on.
At 32.37 Mr Johnsson begins to move into the 'Age Of The Crusades' saying ------
'' This is the time of when you have the Christian Knight focused on becoming a weapon of the Church ----------------- You have the Holy War becoming the main reason of the Church and the military elite. The sword was made to perform 'A Holy Deed', so if you have this idea that Geometry is the key element in understanding 'God's Will Of Creation' you can see Geometry as 'A Finger Print Of God In Creation'.
Mr Johnsson's 'Passion' for The Crusades and 'Understanding God's Will Of Creation' is quite remarkable ! But one thing at once, so we shall look at 'The Crusades'. For example The Fourth Crusade with its Attack On Constantinople then the Largest Christian City In The World. The Attack, Sack, Looting And Destruction of April 1204, with countless thousands of innocent Christians Raped, Robbed and Murdered by Mr Johnsson's 'Holy Knights' is just one example of 'The Holy Cause' which Mr Johnsson so Admires. These Crusader's 'Broke The Back' of the Christian Byzantine Empire and ultimately paved the way for the advance of Islam. There were of course similar episodes, such as The Albigensian Crusade of 1209 - 1229 where again countless Christians were Raped, Robbed and Murdered in the 'Holy Cause'. But all of this is simply 'Historical Fact' which Mr Johnsson seems to just ignore in his own -------
'Religious/Geometrical Crusade' Upon the rest of us.
Mr Johnsson continues with his Geometrical Imaginings of 'Christian Swords' by saying ''So if you have this idea that Geometry is a key element in understanding Gods Will Of Creation, you can see Geometry as The Fingerprint Of God In Creation. I think that is why swords begin to look like This.
No Mr Johnsson ! You really should set your ' Religious Geometrical Theories' aside and pay some attention to the growing use of 'The Stirrup' in warfare through the 8th to the 11th centuries. But No. Mr Johnsson ploughs on with
''The guys at the Monasteries made plans for swords based on Religious geometrical and Mathematical Rules''
Mr Johnsson returns to his outlines of 'Viking' and Christian swords, or this is how he describes them !
''You can try to fit a Geometric structure on a 'Viking' sword, you can try as you will but you won't''
We must pause Mr Johnsson again while we look at his statements and claims. Once Again he claims that 'Only Christian Made Swords' can conform to his Geometric Theories based upon His understanding of Geometry showing Gods Will In Creation''. He compares what he 'Now Calls' Viking Swords, saying that they can not conform to his Geometric Structures as a Christian Sword MUST. But yet, the outlines which he shows represent swords from Scandinavia, The Frankish Empire and Anglo Saxon England. Are we to Believe Mr Johnsson in that although many of the makers of these swords were Pagans, Many More were in fact Christians who must now be cast into the Darkness as they were not a part of ''Geometry showing Gods Will Of Creation''.
Mr Johnsson's Religious and Geometric Passions seem to blind him to Everything Else except his own Narrow Views.
Once again we would remind him of The Real Reason of the change in 'Some' swords designs ============= Stirrup, Stirrup, Stirrup !!! If we say it often enough the Truth may sink in. But we doubt it.
Comment to be continued soon
Hjortspring is hard to say like a dane if you’re not a dane so you did okay
Why are they called "white weapons" in the description?
'White Weapons' Usually Refer To Swords And Other Weapons Of Iron And Steel, In Other Words Not A Gun Or Bomb. But On Listening To This Video And To Others It is Painfully Clear That Mr Johnsson Is Only An 'Expert' On 'TOY SWORDS', In Other Words Those Made For Role Play Etc. We Can Only Wonder How Many Ancient Swords Mr Johnsson Owns Himself, Or Indeed Has Handled In Depth, And I Do Not Mean Handled, Measured, Weighed And Viewed In Some Museum Workshop For A Few Minutes.
Wow!
The eagle probably means Rome. Pavit Aquilae
also the symbol of Nazis. also the symbol of the United States of America. Go figure. The globalists really love their symbology don't they
It’s an ulfbert
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
why compare with japanese swords?
Because they have become the standard in popular awareness.
:-)
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
So the Viking sword was a sign of a more chaotic age ? Submission of Christianity was ofcourse just the same as any viking, the aim is to subdue others in one way or the other. Very interesting lecture, thanks.
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnsson's 'PERFORMANCE'.
@@jamiecorrigan3241 I remember not understanding what he meant, it was left leaning to christianity as a better option. I think he grounds in his statement in the engineerg perspective...but anyways it bothered me, the ambigouity.
@@l70lover Hi Kristoffer, Yes I have questioned him on his Very Many Mistakes and Wrong Information. So far he has only replied that concerning his mistakes on 'The Berserkers Sword' he was only joking ??? He sounded very serious to me and I have endured listening to All His Many Errors thru six times, so that I could write a full comment of his Nonsense. What really annoys me is that many people who listen to him, with a real interest but little knowledge of the subject, come away believing his mistakes and wrong information. Experts like this need to be challenged. Johnsson now tells me that he is far too busy to bother with You tube as he has Other Lectures To Perform. Thanks for taking the time to answer me Kristoffer. Best, Jamie.
@@jamiecorrigan3241 no sweat Jamie. I just did not get it, was a "christian sword" more appealing due to it beeing able to fit some circles more evenly on a paper(an iphone of its time?). Then ofcourse that was what a older(viking) sword was not. But I just get an undertone of something else, more political. Anyways a newer sworddesign changed the way fencing was done, the more modern they get the more stabbier. Until gunpowder enters the stage, then armor was made obsolete and slashing swords (sabres) were more usefull again. Thats the main difference i see in medieval and ironage(viking) swords. Stabby vs slashy, not aesthetics but funcyionality. But ofcourse as I wright this i can imagine Peter is for the aesthetis and romance of it. A passion, thats maybe what i can see underneath the ambiguity. As to your inquieries about factualitys i know and understand little.
@@l70lover Hi again Kristoffer, Well Mr Johnsson's 'Geometric And Religious Imaginings' are simply figments of his own imagination. For every Medieval Sword he applies his strict geometric rules to, there are Thousands of others that won't fit into his theories. Yes, you are right about the development of armour having a big influence on sword design. As to' Understanding' the subject as a whole ? We All have much yet to learn. But NOT From Such Experts As Mr Johnsson. Best, Jamie.
what are you doing with the sword of Jaffar?
he went east and fed the eagle, ra? pulse? sought the quickening of his pulse. no one wants you to behave, we might follow our pulse together, they're not slavers, they're freemen
Hmmm, not what I expected at all. I thought this was going to be about Viking Swords, but it ended up being about Christian mysticism, sacred geometry, and how the "Vikings" were killed off and absorbed by the rising tyranny of Christianity; essentially ceasing to be "Norsemen" at all (as they turned their backs on their heritage, and beliefs in favour of the foreign invader's religion). To be honest, I found it to be a very depressing watch. :(
That's history for ya!
The power of money.
exactly like what's going on with Islamophiles today
That is why the force behind that assimilation has carried through till now in multitudionous form and is the enemy of freedom O.o
The funny thing is that I belive Peter is dead right in his conclution. 'Hey they make lots of money by taxes..As a king I want to be part of that christian club too.'
Sweden was the last of the nordic regions to officially adopt christianity. And I do mean officially. The kings didn't care that much of what people belived in their own homes as long as they were good christians in public, went to church and payed their taxes. It wasn't until later that the kings and church were hardliners.
The sword you said was damascus patterned is of course wootz steel, and the sword probably made in Jordan or somewhere around that part of the world. They didn't know about pattern welding, the way we do it today, which is cheating as we tend to call it damascus steel. Wootz needs to be handled very carefully as I understand, so I could imagine these viking swords were forged in that part of the world, not in scandinavia. Very interesting video😊👌
Mikael, you are a very funny man :-)
This is high humor.
Just be careful, irony does not carry very well in text and people might think you actually mean what you say.
Peter Johnsson I will continue in english. I didn't try to be funny... Being very interested in metalurgy while not being an expert at all, it seem to be reasons to believe there's a huge difference in the way damascus steel was and is made. Wootz steel is then pretty far from today's two or more different layers of ready made steel folded. Is there any proof that vikings had iron ore naturally mixed with the parts making it "damascus steel"? There are very little proof to go on concerning viking history. Using the icelandic sagas as proof is weird to me as they should be used as suggestions more than facts😉 For my part I'd SUGGEST the seax was used more than the actual sword, concidering there was farmers going viking. And I believe axes were the weapon of "choice" as it was more available to common people. It's sad you decided to answer my comment with such disrespect. I really expected a professional answer as you're obviously teaching americans about scandinavian history.
There is an age old confusion of terminology regarding crucible steel, wootz, Damascus steel and pattern welded steel.
I think this is the core of our disagreement :-)
I make a point of naming the techniques used by ancient european blade smiths "pattern welding" and not damascus just for this reason. I may have used the term "damascus steel" in this presentation, since I was surrounded by knife makers and knife enthusiasts who commonly use the term "damascus steel" without intending crucible steel, but rather forge welded and manipulated layers of contrasting steel.
In literature from the 20th C that deals with "damascus steel" you often come across the term "false damascus steel" while referring to pattern welded material. This is very unfortunate, as it suggests that the patterns you see in European blades from the iron age and early viking period are attempts to mimic the patterns that are present in crucible steel of the near east and India.
This is very unfortunate since the technique of pattern welding has a very long European history that is quite distinct from the techniques of manufacturing crucible steel.
Pattern welding is a craft tradition with European roots that reach very far back in time. The ancient smiths in the western tradition who worked with iron and steel of various alloy content and combined them into blades that show patterns of various kinds never tried to mimic crucible steel. The combination of different alloys into a structure that makes sense from both technical and aesthetic reasons has its origins in (or at least very early example from) the Celtic iron age from the mid La Tène period (250 - 120 BC).
You find blades of piled structure in the swords not only from the Celts & Romans but also other early European iron age cultures. The piled structure is a natural by product of the refining of the steel, resulting from the repeated forging and folding of the raw material to purify and homogenise it. In the Celtic and early roman swords, these layers are typically directed at right angles to the plane of the edge and are often heavily etched so they reveal a dramatic striated pattern that undulates along their length. The edges on the Celtic swords were protected with a resist, leaving a bright 5-10 mm margin on each side of the central etched panel. This tells us that the undulating striated pattern was an intentional aesthetic consideration of the makers, not just a by product of manufacture.
Later, in the roman period the art of pattern welding was perfected to a level that is comparable to some examples of the Javanese Keris. In the viking period pattern welded blades are already on the decline and you start to see other methods of production becoming favourable. To see examples of the outstanding quality of the pattern welded roman spate swords, Google Illerup-Ådal find or some other of the famous Danish bog finds.
In recent times there has been hypothesis forwarded that the famed +VLFBERH+T swords were made from imported crucible steel, but this idea is far from accepted.
I think it has further muddied the waters making again an association between the swords of the (late) viking age and oriental steel, even if it is only suggested that a small minority of the +VLFBERH+T swords were made from this imported material (I am not convinced about the truth in this hypothesis).
I hope this clarifies my opinion.
I am sorry if I misunderstood your initial comment.
Peter Johnsson Thank you so much for very interesting reading👍 I can't really comment all of it as I'm a true amature, but I do have questions about a couple of things. First of all, if our ancestors actually made the ulfberht swords, how come they used latin text instead of runes which would've been more natural to them? Second, wootz steel is a crucible steel, so why does it seem to be a difference between wootz steel and crucible steel in this particular case? Is it because crucible steel doesn't necessarily have to be anything else than melted steel, and wootz being melted iron ore holding a natural compound of other alloys making it a "damascus" steel in which it's a non man made blend of alloys?
I find this very interesting and feel I need to know😊
Dear Mikael,
I do *not* think that the old norse made +VLFBERH+T swords!
:-)
Your comment on the latin letters in the +VLFBERH+T swords is exactly the reason I am sceptical to the claim that these blades were forged in Scandinavia as is suggested by some. I do not believe that is reasonable. The norse were literate with the use of runes, but never used latin letters.
It is much more likely these blades were forged in the Frankish area since the letters are latin and the name is Frankish/Germanic.
Wootz is a particular kind of crucible steel. All wootz is crucible steel, but not all crucible steel is wootz. You can make steel in a crucible without it showing the tell tale pattern of Wootz. The pattern formation has to do with alloy content and times and temperatures involved in the production of the ingot. The pattern is also further developed through the forging process.
The use of the word "Damascus" or "Damask Steel" as a name for patterned steel will always invite confusion.
I do my best to stay away from that term.
Therefore I tend to talk about "crucible steel" or "pattern welded steel" since those words describes the principe of manufacture of these materials, leaving no room for misunderstanding.
Crucible steel is completely molten during its manufacture and is produced in a sealed crucible.
Crucible steel is the traditional steel of eastern Eurasia.
Pattern welded steel is welded together from different alloys of bloomery material (that was never fully molten) to produce patterns by the manipulations of the layers in the construction.
Pattern welded steel was produced in Western Europe as well as the far East from very early times of iron technology. You will find blades with patterns of this kind in China, India, the Near East as well as in Celtic, Roman and old Norse traditions.
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
You REALLY Should Read The NEWEST COMMENTS ON Mr Johnsson's PERFORMANCE.
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
You Really Should Read The Newest Comments On Mr Johnssons 'PERFORMANCE'.
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
MMM A NEW CHANNEL WITH NO CONTENT, WITH NO WATCH LIST EXCEPT THIS ONE VIDEO OF PETER JOHNSSON'S WITH ENDLESS LIKES ??? GO FIGURE !!!