How to tune Small Area Flow Compensation to improve 3D print quality

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  • Опубликовано: 3 окт 2024

Комментарии • 211

  • @samh5521
    @samh5521 3 месяца назад +67

    Regularly amazed with the contributions from members of this community. From the idea, execution, and showcase here in this video, big thanks to all involved!

  • @alexandert-moss7187
    @alexandert-moss7187 3 месяца назад +50

    Brilliant video! You've managed to explain it better than I could! ❤

    • @maxconser9930
      @maxconser9930 3 месяца назад +3

      Thank you for making this. By chance, how did you come up with the default values? It feels like they should come from some function that might be easier to tweak than a table.

    • @BennyTygohome
      @BennyTygohome 3 месяца назад

      Appreciate you and your contribution. This is great

    • @alexandert-moss7187
      @alexandert-moss7187 3 месяца назад +7

      @@maxconser9930 At it's core, the model uses (cubic spline) interpolation. This is the actual mathsy bit behind joining all the flow model points together, there are specific tools to show the result of this type of interpolation, but they are nowhere near as user friendly as a simpler chart in a spreadsheet. The default values were actually taken from the initial approach used for the flow model, which was to use an equation for the model line and not interpolation of points, in the end interpolation was favoured as is more intuitive to change than an arbitrary equation (you'll notice the lengths of the points in the default model are at "nice" values, then the flow rate % was what the original equation model produced at those lengths)

    • @TeachingTech
      @TeachingTech  3 месяца назад +6

      Thanks for your great work!

  • @S4LUTE
    @S4LUTE 3 месяца назад +34

    Only one year into printing and i learned so much from you. Thank you!

    • @DanielSanPedro
      @DanielSanPedro 3 месяца назад +2

      I agree. Michael has done so much for the community and has a treasure trove library of information. I wouldn't have been able to do as much with the hobby if it weren't for his videos and site.

  • @thewebmachine
    @thewebmachine 3 месяца назад +22

    OMG your timing with this video is *spot on!* I just started playing with my first 0.8mm nozzle and this small area flow issue is so much more pronounced with larger nozzles! I have been trying to tweak for weeks now and couldn't find a balance between long runs and smaller areas. This might have been the solution I didn't know I needed!
    Thank you for all that you and the community, at large, does for the evolution of 3D printing! 💙

  • @danielbilodeau4701
    @danielbilodeau4701 3 месяца назад +4

    This is am issue i've had for years and never knew what caused my top layers of small parts to be overextrudes. I kept changing the flow rate to no avail. This is a great fix, will definitly give it a try. Thanks for the video and thanks to the community :)

  • @K3NnY_G
    @K3NnY_G 27 дней назад

    I can't believe I missed this one; I've been using this sense day 1; googled around for the first week trying to figure out what these gibberish numbers meant cause' it works awesome except in the smallest points.
    2 of your prints later with the spreadsheet and thing's as flat as if I'd run ironing on it after; thanks loads man.

  • @DrZylvon
    @DrZylvon 3 месяца назад +2

    I like the format : focus on a setting, understanding and applying. Thanks !!!

  • @itaialter
    @itaialter 3 месяца назад +2

    Thanks for explaining the OrcaSlicer settings. Gonna try it now.

  • @Donorcyclist
    @Donorcyclist 3 месяца назад +1

    An amazingly giving community, that allows the non-initiated, like myself, to benefit from these improvements so that I can focus on making better quality designs to share!

  • @edumaker-alexgibson
    @edumaker-alexgibson 3 месяца назад +2

    Now this is something I am going to need to test!

  • @SkateSoup
    @SkateSoup 3 месяца назад +2

    You absolute psychic magician. I'm in the process of tuning my Magneto X and this was something I noticed in a test print last night after EM calibration and some top layer quantity and speed tweaks. I was going to test print the same model facing 4 different ways to see the impact, and probably still will, but it looks like this may be what I need to get top surface quality all the way across the finish line. Love your timing, and adore this community and how these open source contributions make life better for everyone.

  • @jasoncline2226
    @jasoncline2226 3 месяца назад

    It's about time. This was the whole key to getting Bambu machines to iron properly

  • @802Garage
    @802Garage 3 месяца назад +2

    Great! I hadn't looked into it much and I understood the basic principles, but this made the feature extremely clear.

  • @TheOfficialOriginalChad
    @TheOfficialOriginalChad 3 месяца назад

    I appreciate that you covered all the slicers and the script version too. I use Orca, so it was a tad annoying, but you still did the internet a service.

  • @troncooo409
    @troncooo409 3 месяца назад +2

    That curve looks like exponential curve. F(d)=1-exp(-d/t). In that case you only have to guess one value t. The d is the distance. Maybe a few value to put in your sheet with that.
    Thank you for explaining.

    • @ivantrail702
      @ivantrail702 2 месяца назад

      I was thinking it looked like log base d of (x-1).

  • @MarlosB
    @MarlosB 3 месяца назад +2

    There is config to set % of overlap between infill and perimeters on PrusaSlicer (probably something similar on other slicer). This config may help you close the gaps on your final results. As usual, great video, thanks for sharing!

  • @thebrelon
    @thebrelon 3 месяца назад +7

    I recently moved from superslicer to orcaslicer, first being a little sceptical because of all the hype, and eventually love it a lot (i also moved from marlin to klipper at the same time 😅) even if I'm not an expert at 3d printer. Thanks for showcasing this feature!

    • @charlesraes8541
      @charlesraes8541 3 месяца назад

      Did you convert and Ender to Klipper using a Pi?

    • @thebrelon
      @thebrelon 3 месяца назад

      @@charlesraes8541 not an ender, not a pi, sorry

    • @charlesraes8541
      @charlesraes8541 3 месяца назад

      Well what was it then kid? 🤣

    • @thebrelon
      @thebrelon 3 месяца назад

      @@charlesraes8541 I3 clone with btt cb1 on a btt manta board

  • @ThatsPety
    @ThatsPety 3 месяца назад +2

    I would love to look at various examples with and without ironing to see how the two features interact. Great video

  • @AnthonyDeChiaro
    @AnthonyDeChiaro 3 месяца назад

    A big thanks to the people who created this and to you for sharing this. Definitely interested to see how this works!

  • @philipashley3139
    @philipashley3139 3 месяца назад

    I had already turned this on in orca slicer but it is great to now know how to tune it. Thanks so much for this!

  • @MCsCreations
    @MCsCreations 3 месяца назад

    Fascinating! Thanks, Michael! 😊
    Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

  • @3dPrintingMillennial
    @3dPrintingMillennial 3 месяца назад +1

    Wow so this will be the video that pushes me to finally download Orca Slicer. Thanks!

  • @username9774
    @username9774 3 месяца назад +5

    If only orca would propperly work with toolchangers, then I wouldn't need to use Prusaslicer for my Voron Stealthchanger. Great video, thank you for your service to the community.

  • @bareabarea3449
    @bareabarea3449 3 месяца назад +1

    Great work sharing this, thank u, and great work from the developers!

  • @BennyTygohome
    @BennyTygohome 3 месяца назад

    You are very good at explaining/wording the ideas and concepts in each of your videos. Thank you.

  • @watchingwatches7863
    @watchingwatches7863 3 месяца назад +1

    Great video I like postprocessing scripts, because they enable us to come up with ideas to modify gcode. This way we have a proof of concept and it will eventually be implemented in the slicer, which is quite complex to implement if you aren't experienced and familiar with the code. It's also possible to write some code specific to one project and add a specific use case , which isn't available in the slicer. I've done some work to the gradient infill script of CNC kitchen to adopt to prusa and orca slicer. I also added a maximum volumetric flow. My first project was the implementation for a maximum amount of retractions in an extrusion interval which was already implemented in Cura. This way I was able to add this function to any slicers gcode.

  • @crashingsux
    @crashingsux 3 месяца назад

    This was so helpful. I was struggling to tune in my top surfaces and it turned out that while I needed small area compensation, I needed much lower amounts of compensation than the default model provided.

  • @sargkookie3118
    @sargkookie3118 3 месяца назад +1

    What perfect timing.
    I just had this issue pop up after moving from .4 to .6 nozzle

  • @Jesus6000
    @Jesus6000 3 месяца назад +1

    Thank you muchly for the explanation and the coverage. Test print looks good!

  • @nuy6n6nn
    @nuy6n6nn 3 месяца назад

    this actually improved print quality on my ender 3 pro quite a bit. thanks, very helpful

  • @bonovoxel7527
    @bonovoxel7527 3 месяца назад

    This is finally something new after weeks, for us retail consumers! Thanks!
    Having a Bambu I'm pretty ok with surfaces in general. Wonder if this will solve uneven surfaces in my case since it might be this lil tweak but it looks like more the color of the material changing when slowing to shorter paths, in an infill. How it reflects light, like broad surfaces shine while short track corners are matte, dull. Indeed it's a game changer on objects with many upper surfaces like the first one, because overextrusion in corners is still slightly a thing even on Bambu machines and calibrated flowrate.

  • @dylanlasky2389
    @dylanlasky2389 3 месяца назад

    I have always noticed this on prints, but never payed any thought to it. This is awesome gonna try it now.

  • @DonnyDonnMendoza
    @DonnyDonnMendoza 3 месяца назад

    That’s absolutely mahussive!!! I have problems with my corners and around holes since I typically print with an 0.8mm nozzle. My situation won’t be perfect but this will fix the worst of my printing problems for sure!

  • @luke.perkin.inventor
    @luke.perkin.inventor 3 месяца назад +1

    I wish we'd had this 5 years ago. My old delta with a huge bowden would have become awesome!

  • @josephpk4878
    @josephpk4878 3 месяца назад

    People's skills and willingness to share and improve on common subjects is a truly incredible means of perfecting an idea. No amount of tuning has ever dealt with the amount of overextrusion and plowing that happens in those corners and my preferred solution was setting a perpendicular top layer at about 10mms - ironing, if patient enough. I'm torn about whether I feel like implementing this and going through another 100 hours of experimenting and perfecting. Would like to see Prusa integrate it.

  • @ChronOJohn2
    @ChronOJohn2 3 месяца назад

    I think this interacts/influences preassure advance.
    May be a thing to look into for an upcoming video

  • @RandoTechNerd
    @RandoTechNerd Месяц назад

    How was I not subscribed to your channel on my tech channel you're the OG!!

  • @robvandelinder6452
    @robvandelinder6452 3 месяца назад

    Just started using some Rapid PETG and having this EXACT problem, can't wait to try out the script, thanks for sharing it with us!

  • @mxlje
    @mxlje 3 месяца назад

    I actually red this in the release notes for 2.0 and thought it was a much bigger deal (for me personally) than scarf joins, but then promptly forgot about it. Thank you for the reminder!

  • @MakeKasprzak
    @MakeKasprzak 3 месяца назад

    Tuning this could be simpler, but again thank you for publicizing this awesome new feature

  • @zodak9999b
    @zodak9999b 3 месяца назад

    Thanks, Michael! This is an amazing contribution.

  • @seangholland3055
    @seangholland3055 3 месяца назад

    fantastic bit of work and thanks for sharing with the community

  • @TheOneAndOnlySatan
    @TheOneAndOnlySatan 3 месяца назад +1

    What a perfect timing ! Im having a weird problem with a fresh roll abs black. I have runned flow calibration 3 times in the last 24h starting to doubt myself as i didnt print in 2 weeks wich is waaay to long

  • @grahamcoster8333
    @grahamcoster8333 3 месяца назад

    Fantastic! Thanks mate, that’s incredibly helpful. I really appreciate you going through it step by step.

  • @dcchillin4687
    @dcchillin4687 3 месяца назад

    I've been using this but wasn't sure how to tune, thanks for the explanation

  • @avejst
    @avejst 3 месяца назад

    Impressive feature
    Thanks for sharing your experiences with all of us :-)

  • @daveh7720
    @daveh7720 3 месяца назад

    Nice work on that spreadsheet!

  • @smorris12
    @smorris12 3 месяца назад +3

    I had this problem with a run of items which needed a mating face finish. I was using a 1.2mm nozzle so the lumps are significant round small features. It's a run of 80 so finish filing would have been tedious. Since I use Cura I found the best way to solve it was to write a script that excised the top skin from the last couple of layers in the gCode and just left the walls.
    I need to look at these Slic3r variants.

  • @badger9641
    @badger9641 3 месяца назад

    Damn... I think i'm going thrue the rabbit hole this afternoon...

  • @justinpedersen9174
    @justinpedersen9174 3 месяца назад

    This would be really cool to have on your website. Something that spits out multiple of these in a range that can all be printed at once and compared

  • @majorzbzzn
    @majorzbzzn 3 месяца назад +3

    On Windows you can copy a filename by holding Shift and right clicking the file in Explorer. You will have a hidden option (revealed by the Shift) of Copy Path.

  • @radish6691
    @radish6691 3 месяца назад

    I’ve been using this feature since it appeared in a nightly build and it works a treat! I’ve been very dissatisfied with how large flat areas turn out using modern slicers (Bambu Studio and Orca Slicer) and printers (X1C and P1P). My very old Wanhao Duplicator i3 Plus with Simplify3D v4 did a much better job in corners and around holes or protrusions, SAFC is definitely a step in the right direction.

  • @silencedfrost901
    @silencedfrost901 3 месяца назад

    Just did this a week ago, the default orca profile got over extrusion for me, had to do tuning but then it worked great!

  • @lam_xyz
    @lam_xyz 3 месяца назад +5

    Hey Michael, thanks a lot for your work, great as always. I wonder though if it's worth going through each value separately or better to just define a function? With a little reverse engineering I found that the original values seem to follow f(x)=0.25/(x-0.25) except for x>=10 where f(x) is simply fixed at 1. So I would suggest using the function f(x)=1-a/(x-a) starting with a=0.25 and then adjusting the value of a to tune the model. Increasing a means lowering the values in the model, which makes the reduction stronger. What do you think?

    • @tastyratz
      @tastyratz 2 месяца назад

      Could this be translated into a spreadsheet formula in excel/google?

  • @AI-Idiot
    @AI-Idiot 3 месяца назад +1

    This turned the hot mess that were my 1.2mm nozzle prints into actually good prints that are fast, strong, efficient and now decent-looking (1.22mm walls 0.45mm layers, no-brand cheap transparent pla, I use it for quick functional parts, but use a 0.4mm or 0.2mm for detailed ones)

  • @vickington
    @vickington 3 месяца назад

    Wow what a great feature!

  • @ediposantos6574
    @ediposantos6574 3 месяца назад +1

    you could use a parametric exponential curve, and adjust only a single value, reflecting in all extrusion lenghts while maintaining the curve smooth

    • @ediposantos6574
      @ediposantos6574 3 месяца назад

      docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Rv1aXhaP_OuGJEjUB59luggX0_8VCEHpCYnVCULFAN4/edit?usp=sharing

  • @Yavorh55
    @Yavorh55 3 месяца назад +1

    The amazing thing about 3D printing is that it's just physics in practice - which means that with enough understanding of math, physics and logic you can continue to improve on and on with just software changes!

    • @urgamecshk
      @urgamecshk 3 месяца назад

      Unfortunately most of the user base has a smooth brain

  • @StephenBoyd21
    @StephenBoyd21 3 месяца назад

    I’ll be giving this a go. Hopefully it’ll become native in bambu slicer soon.

  • @rossk7927
    @rossk7927 3 месяца назад

    I'll have to give this a try. I designed and use a, what I call, skinning plane to shave off surface bumps.
    Bring on the Hilbert Curves 🎉

  • @floodo1
    @floodo1 3 месяца назад

    Wow this is gonna be huge!

  • @LeonMcAtee
    @LeonMcAtee 3 месяца назад +1

    Rather than modify the points manually extract the trend line formula in Excel, or the open source equivalent, and modify the variables there.
    This lets us modify the curve in any non-linear way we may need without having to guess at the points values for a smooth line. Using this method the curve can also be broken up into more divisions which should reduce the errors from interpolation.

    • @dannybloe
      @dannybloe 3 месяца назад

      Or define a bezier curve of some sorts.

  • @Dewclaws
    @Dewclaws 3 месяца назад

    I would love to see that oversized part reprinted with this and appended to this video. Again, thank you for your dedication to the subject and hobby. 👍

  • @analogdesigner-Jay
    @analogdesigner-Jay 3 месяца назад

    Nicely done, thanks!

  • @ChannelRejss
    @ChannelRejss 3 месяца назад

    Oh man, we neeeeed this feature in Prusa Slicer too!!! I have particularly noticed this inconsistency on my Prusa XL printing with a 0.6mm nozzle.

  • @enriqueramos9410
    @enriqueramos9410 2 месяца назад

    Holy monkey slinger! this works. Its also helped with my prints knocking over tree supports. Wish I could post a photo of real world prints. Many thanks dude.

  • @Viking8888
    @Viking8888 3 месяца назад

    That is so cool. Thank you so much for sharing that!

  • @thaejsooriya3313
    @thaejsooriya3313 3 месяца назад

    This is great, I know you focused on the top layer, but I find my printers could realllyyy use this on the first layer with sharp corners. Every now and then it creates that lumpy texture and there’s a chance that it touches the side of the nozzle on the next movements and drags the print away.

  • @OZtwo
    @OZtwo 3 месяца назад

    very very cool and needed!

  • @oasntet
    @oasntet 3 месяца назад +1

    This is really handy. I've been deliberately setting non-perimeters to underextrude to avoid this issue, just accepting that I'll get small gaps as a result. I accepted that because it's better than the little bulges getting hit by the nozzle and either knocking the print loose or causing a layer shift, both of which have only gotten worse as I've increased my printing speed with the help of resonance compensation and linear advance...
    I've never used Orca; hopefully there's nothing I'm using in Cura that I would miss... I guess I could also try post-processing it myself, or see if there's a way to add post-processing directly to klipper, now that I'm running it.

    • @ALittleSlowest
      @ALittleSlowest 3 месяца назад

      I was curious if linear advance could fix this issue on its own, but you experience seems to indicate otherwise.

    • @oasntet
      @oasntet 3 месяца назад

      @@ALittleSlowest It helped a little, but didn't solve it outright. It was better at preventing over-extrusion on corners, resulting in actual 90° corners instead of columns protruding from the corner.

  • @xgeko2
    @xgeko2 3 месяца назад +5

    that's pretty cool but shouldn't pressure advance/Linear advance take care of this?

    • @SianaGearz
      @SianaGearz 3 месяца назад +2

      Not really, no, that just changes when the extrusion pulses are given, advancing them by a certain pressure dependent time, to account for pressure lag in the hotend. If you have inconsistent extrusion depending on speed, that fast prints extrude less than slow ones, there's nothing it can do about that, it only corrects the transition from fast to slow extrusion or vice versa.
      But something still rubs me wrong about this. It's a good first step to figure out a more pointed more physically based solution though.

  • @saintawful7127
    @saintawful7127 3 месяца назад

    Great explanation! Thanks

  • @TS_Mind_Swept
    @TS_Mind_Swept 3 месяца назад

    Didn't know what this feature was for, but I'll definitely be enabling it, even if I don't play around with it a bunch.
    I just wish that wherever the tiny white gap filling poop command came from would disappear..it ends up just making the surfaces look worse then having tiny gaps, but despite looking over every single variable feild, I can't figure out which variable turns that off..

  • @paultegler
    @paultegler 3 месяца назад

    that Nth degree of tuning further effects clumping of fiber filed filaments. loved it, ...then turned, when you mentioned it performs these adjustments thought the file. After the first layer, except perhaps zits and holes 'thoughout' the printing, why would you not just use ironing on that single last top layer? (much quicker)
    ...perhaps I'll stack processes. :-)

  • @natereinhold6180
    @natereinhold6180 3 месяца назад +1

    I think this is way better than scarf joints. My z seams are fantastic and barely noticeable anyway. This is huge and addresses the only problem I haven't been able to tune out. I have to balance underextrusion vs correct extrusion, but has bits overextruded and able to catch on the nozzle causing a layer shift in the y axis (300x300 bed running 8k accels on travel moves, that little bit of resistance overcomes my 85mm nema17 w/1.09nm torque) or it pops a peice off of the bed when it hangs up.

    • @tylon_stuff
      @tylon_stuff 2 месяца назад

      this has nothing to with scarf joints

  • @luisfloriano8643
    @luisfloriano8643 3 месяца назад

    I think the same techniques ..
    will be helpful to control temperature..
    when printing into small areas then large areas
    I can see the filament .. being cooked to much- comes out black etc.

  • @dondec
    @dondec 3 месяца назад

    Excellent

  • @espenskeys
    @espenskeys 3 месяца назад

    That CR10Max doesn't look like mine. And I have never gotten mine to work. Could you make a video going over your modifications and tuning of your machine? Did you change the main board? If you did, how did you handle the proprietary ribbon connector? Any ways, love your channel, keep up the great work!

  • @McRootbeer
    @McRootbeer 3 месяца назад

    Sounds like this might improve tolerance test results and i bet it would help print in place models like Sunshine's print in place engines 😁

  • @mvadu
    @mvadu 3 месяца назад

    Hope this gets merged with upstream Prusa Slicer too

  • @JonS
    @JonS 3 месяца назад +1

    This looks very nice, but isn’t it misdiagnosing the root cause of the problem? Surely this is related to speed, not line length? That means that if you change your speed or acceleration, these line length compensation factors will be incorrect.

  • @MWE-693
    @MWE-693 2 месяца назад

    Will the small area flow compensation be coming to Bambu Studio, I did not see it in v1.9.3.50? Great video as always, thanks!

  • @freedomofmotion
    @freedomofmotion 3 месяца назад

    Looks like I'm going to try orca slicer again 😂

  • @VolkanTaninmis
    @VolkanTaninmis 3 месяца назад +1

    Some should work on extrusion releated to speed. Intead of constant value

  • @supercurioTube
    @supercurioTube 3 месяца назад

    That's a really cool contribution, however it feels like its a high level workaround for something that needs more like a low level solution.
    Wouldn't an accurate model for pressure advance address pretty much this already?

  • @vim55k
    @vim55k Месяц назад

    game changer

  • @ket7926
    @ket7926 3 месяца назад

    I love when we can improve the product with simple math and code
    The hardware is already very capable so now the focus falls on perfecting the slicers

  • @peterirving8036
    @peterirving8036 Месяц назад

    A nice video as usual and well explained, but my edition did not work until I added quotes around the address as suggested on an online help. How did yours work with no quotes. This in Prusa.

  • @slayer666321
    @slayer666321 3 месяца назад +1

    is there a limit on the number of points on the graph? and do they need to be spaced equally? like having more data points at shorter extrusion lengths where the difference is bigger

  • @AndroidA258
    @AndroidA258 3 месяца назад

    when this was in beta, this had an issue with my printer using CAN, the flow changes were so detailed and gradient, it would cap out the CAN line data, because of the multiple different extruder commands, i will try again and see if that has been fixed

  • @edcbabc
    @edcbabc 2 месяца назад

    Interesting, but I'm not sure why it would be required to reduce flow on short lines? What is the underlying mechanism that makes this necessary?
    I would suspect it would be caused by the continual oozing that occurs all the time at print temperature between print movements. Ie the average ooze quantity between lines is a bigger proportion of the line extrusion as lines get shorter, so reducing flow compensates a bit. If that is so, then the underlying problem to attack is the oozing.

  • @The3DPrintingGrandad
    @The3DPrintingGrandad 3 месяца назад

    I was just talking about how tuning the extruder while not under load will not give optimal result. And with 35 years of process control experience, I have seen that not all autotune algorithms are the same. Some just do not produce good real world results.
    This is a topic I have been rolling around in my brain. How do you put the extruder under a normal load without dumping copious quantities of filament into the air?

  • @Gambinaceo
    @Gambinaceo 3 месяца назад

    Waiting for an option to reduce the flow rate before reaching the edges...like the coasting option in Simplify3d

  • @izemanevobike
    @izemanevobike 3 месяца назад

    Those little holes appear if pressure advance is set too high as well. So it's not 100% sure that flow isn't still too high.

  • @spork861
    @spork861 3 месяца назад

    Ok so I've been watching some FDM printing videos just for the sake of learning since I've only been resin printing and I'm just astounded each time how fucky FDM printing is. Like, this video was just posted today but this change of flow rate problem seems like something that should have been instantly recognized and fixed like YEARS ago, back when this modern 3D printing first started. How the hell was something so fundamental ignored?

  • @radiotbo4646
    @radiotbo4646 3 месяца назад +1

    should you print the test with 100% infilll?

  • @username9774
    @username9774 3 месяца назад

    I always thought this was bad preassure advance, perimeter distance setings and flow

  • @Yash-c3v
    @Yash-c3v 3 месяца назад

    Is it possoble that the reason supports get hard to remove with larger nozzles is because of overextrusion at the interface layers? 😮

  • @ivantrail702
    @ivantrail702 2 месяца назад

    That looks suspiciously like a log base a of (x-1) graph. I suspect if you plotted that equation and used a variable for a, you could make a smooth graph and easily modified.

  • @kaistutz7067
    @kaistutz7067 3 месяца назад

    Awesome. The are flow compensation model looks like a logarithmic curve. I created a geogebra to generate one. Let me know if you want the link to it. YT is quite picky with links in comments :|