Actually, according to the impacts from a truck, and the point blank shotgun blast to the face that Luke Cage has survived, it would be safe to assume that the same material that makes his skin bulletproof is also infused into his muscle tissue, and organs as well, otherwise he would still be severely injured by higher kinetic forces, like stopping a speeding van with his body.
He also has a healing factor that allows him to heal things rather quickly. Also from the netflix series Luke Cage we see that his internal organs are in fact strengthened just like his skin just not to the skins durability. Dont wanna go to deep into that cause spoilers and the series is still pretty new.
In terms of how his skin is designed, the Netflix series establishes that his skin essentially imitates the structure of abalone shells. Basically, his epidermal cells are more tightly compacted like tiles, and a clingy protein substance binds them. When struck, the tiles slide against each other so that the protein substance stretches and absorb the kinetic energy. Claire (Night Nurse) compared it to his skin being made of legos, but when you try to pull them apart, they snap back together. As for his strength, it does have to do with muscular density, but in different terms. Muscles are like tons of tiny strings woven together to make rope, and in order to move, the complex arrangement has specific ropes expand and contract in specific ways. Combined with the cell structure for his skin, which makes them more durable, Luke simply has more muscle fibers, just tightly compacted. His cells aren't heavier than ours in terms of physics, there are just more of them. Thus, yes, he does have a higher muscular density, but not a higher molecular density.
@@asmrbully6980 Superman's strength and invulnerability is mostly due to a tactile form of telekinesis. Hence how he can carry a plane and not just punch a hole through wherever he's lifting.
@@asmrbully6980 Think of it as someone being strong enough to break a forcefield. Also, kryptonite negates his powers, thus why he becomes easy to kill when exposed to its radiation; they keep his body from generating the protective field that prevent objects from piercing his body.
That werewolf thing... Ever heard of magic? naw I'm just kidding, but maybe its an instinct. Like for an example remember coyottes? they howl at the moon for some particular reason that I'm unfamiliar with, so when an werewolf sees a moon they react to the werewolf genetics (whatever form of hybrid that is) and transform.
Nerdist can you please do a Because Science episode about luke cage and if it's possible for him to survive a punch from One Punch Man. Please please please do it! Thanx if you respond!
magic a form of energy man has yet to discover could be a plasable hypothesis. but i beleive it is more related to instinct like some birds know the migratory route they must take every year werewolves loose controll of their ability to shapeshift at the sight of the moon in its full state.
*MINOR SPOILERS YOU'VE BEEN WARNED* If you watch the show, you'd know that his "bulletproofness" goes beyond his skin and includes his organs as seen in the episode where Claire tried to take the out the bullet in him but broke the scalpel and when she looks at his cells from under a microscope, his cells essentially rubber band together if you try to go past them (Ik I didn't explain that very well). So since the cellular structure of both the skin and organs are bulletproof, that would suggest that his abilities come from completely rearranged DNA instead of just a Kevlar layer inside of his skin right? Because even if he had only bulletproof skin but organs that were normal, every bullet he took to the chest would knock the wind out of him
The cells that rubber banded together were still within his layer of skin I believe, and if they weren't, then the show messed up. The Luke Cage character from the comics is known for having indestructible skin, but his organs are 100% normal. This is why in Jessica Jones when he got shot in the head by a shotgun, his skin wasn't penetrated but his brain still swelled up and he lost consciousness from the impact.
Idk much about Luke cage and I'm certain you know more than I do but I don't think this to fully be the case lest his abilities be pretty inconsistent because in one of the episodes not only does he survive an RPG blast which impenetrable skin or not with normal organs he'd have some form of rupture from that as well as the force of the building collapsing on him his bones wouldn't be able to take that impact either, same goes for stopping a car with his body as if he were a wall, his powers have to be more than just skin because even if he has no organ damage his bones would not hold up
there is a test of a skin piece which was produced with strong fibers and which was able to avoid penetration of a bullet,just look it up on youtube :)
The biggest science issue I have with Luke in the show is when he stops the SUV. This is actually the same problem with the way he lifts the washing machine in episode one. Even if he is incredibly strong, that doesn't mean he has any more mass than a normal muscular person. When the car runs into him, it should throw him back, because it is more massive. It may not hurt him, but he shouldn't be able to stand up straight like he does. Even if he could bench press or bicep curl the washing machine, he does nothing to brace himself, so he should fall over. Essentially, it looks to me like Luke must have some energy absorption or dampening ability in addition to his unbreakable skin.
It said in one of the Luke Cage episodes that in addition to the bullet proof skin/elastic-like skin, his skin absorbs energy of impacts as well... now I am not a scientist by any stretch of the imagination but such explanation was satisfactory for me.
Adonan the stoic actually in episode 8 Claire (night nurse) establishes that his internal tissue is energy absorbent so thats why the special bullet they use to shoot him doesnt explode
If he does have hollow bones he wouldn't be able to fight, his skeleton would be so brittle one punch would shatter every bone in his arm; taking a hit would do the same thing. He'd have to wear stupid amount of armor just to support an impact, which adds weight, again, making him closer to 200+ pounds. It would also cut down on his maneuverability, both in the air and on the ground. So, if his bones are hollow he's even more pointless than he already is.
i think that for a normal human with hollow bones a wing would have to be somewhere around 6meters. i remember someone explaining that a long time ago, so it could be wrong. if you'd have normal bone density the wings would have to be even larger
I read that you would have to have the wingspan of a Cesna (which I guess is about the same as the wingspan of a hangglider?). But there is also the matter of the power to flap the wings and lift you; if you were to stick with regular biology, your back and pectoral muscles would need to be huge; like a bat, except much more muscular.
It would have to be stronger than Kevlar because cage is scene stopping bullets from an AR-15 pattern rifle, which commonly shoots the .223 Remington/5.56 NATO round and can even fire rounds like the .458 SOCOM that is designed to stop vehicles at a checkpoint without having to shoot the driver. Kevlar wouldn't be able to stop those rounds, you'd need steel, ceramic, or other material used to make level 3 body armor to stop those rounds.
Thank you! yeah that bothered me too that he went for the 9mm as opposed to calculating off of the AR. Doing so would have let him reason that since it works on the AR then it works on the 9mm
Raiden My issue was that the pressure was calculated assuming a cylindrical shape. I understand it simplified matters, and that 9mm rounds have different shapes, weights, and loads, but if youre gonna go for the wow factor, surely getting the biggest result you can out of the math would be better.
Mike Mac you are completely right, to be honest I think Kevlar kinda sucks, graphene would be the perfect material to put under his skin because a) it's just as strong as diamond( well diamond is hard and brittle while graphene is strong and flexible but you get my point) and b) it only takes an amount of graphene equal in width the the tip of a sharp pencil
Because due to the Speed Force, he's not ACTUALLY moving all that fast. Think of it as he's moving normal and the rest of the universe has slowed down. That's why he doesn't take miles and miles to slow down.
Charlie Wow Not really. Yes, he's very fast, but the pressure he's applying to the planet (to escape the earth's gravity) is only enough to get him however high he goes when he's running. Most of the force he's applying is being used to push his mass forward, not up. A rocket, on the other hand, has all of its pressure behind it pushing it up and away from the earth's gravitational pull. If it were pointed sideways, that rocket wouldn't go into orbit, it would behave like other projectiles and crash into the earth. In other words, "escape velocity" isn't a single measurement. Direction is important too.
The thing about kevlar isn't that it doesn't break from stopping 9mm bullets, but rather the fact that it spreads the impact over a larger surface. Having kevlar for skin also means that a knife would still be able to spread the fibers apart and penetrate. Same thing would happen if he were shot by a standard 5.56x45 round.
@1:30 Bullets are not fired with their brass cartridges still attached. Upon ignition, the lead projectile detaches from the brass cartridge containing the gunpowder charge.
Yes, that was my thought on werewolves too. And speaking of Warcraft, that would make their Worgen (essentially werewolves) more accurate since they are always worgen, but thanks to magic, they can change at will unless under high stress.
Luke Cage still got hurt when the bullet was shot into his hand, you could see it on his face. And the blast from the shotgun nearly did kill him (severe brain hemorrhage) but he recovered it just 5 hours. Advanced regeneration is his other power that isn't shown as much
All that happened when Jessica Jones shot him was a concussion, his healing factor was only established in the comics, but come season two and he can tank Judas Bullets, nothing on earth we have is that strong, number one it’s an alien metal, and number two it has a drilling effect and explodes from within, even an MK11 Raufoss Round isn’t that powerful, and would most likely do nothing to cage if a Judas Bullet can’t
My explanation for werewolves is that it is time based, and that the time that werewolves transform just so happens to coincide with the emergence of the full moon
You could totally take the DBZ explanation. The sunlight reflected off of the moon has a slightly altered wavelength, and it's that specific wavelength that triggers the transformation. (Total BS, I know, but it's about as good an explanation as any.)
If we are just talking about Luke Cage's skin, everything you spoke on is spot on. However, much like Iron Man's secret inertial dampener, Luke Cage appears to display the ability to reflect kinetic energy back at whatever it is that is hitting him. We see bullets bounce right back towards the shooter, we see a fist implode on his jaw, and we see a SUV crumple around him with out budging Luke. Sure, Luke has armor grade skin and a light healing factor, but he also appears to be a kinetic mirror. Your thoughts?
Don't know how mosquitos work but the zombie virus only affects you if it gets in contact with your blood! And from what I know mosquitos only draw blood, could be wrong tho xD
+Mathew Forn if a zombie has it's blood sucked out by a mosquito then the virus will be left on the mosquito. Then if the mosquito were to suck your blood then it would be contaminated with the virus. It's pretty simple knowledge. Think of it like someone using the same needle to give an hiv patient and then you a vaccine, you will then contract the hiv virus.
I had an idea for this kind of superpower: non-Newtonian fluid blood. Normally, it's liquid so it can go all throughout your body and do what blood normally does, but when enough pressure is applied, like from a speeding bullet, it becomes solid and deflects it. That way, your whole body is protected because your blood goes everywhere in your body. This could also be superior to Luke Cage's skin because, as in the show, you can't inject a needle or anything into his body to help his internal organs. But, with non-Newtonian blood, it's possible that that little amount of pressure from the needle won't cause the blood to become solid and so it goes in and works like a normal human body. Although, that might also be a bad thing, such as when someone poisons you with a needle.
The stiletto thing? Yep. As far as I remember, the cabin floor of the first 747's could be punctured by high heels (Obviously the floor design was fixed pretty fast) I've also worked in a building that banned women from wearing high heels since the heels could punch through the raised flooring.
Wait, my Biology teacher said hydrogen bonds were on the weak side of chemical bonds (and she has a Ph.D). Is it the massive quantity that makes them hard to break up?
The hydrogen bond is one of the strongest intermolecular attractions, but weaker than a covalent or an ionic bond, you're right. Sorry for the confusion. -- KH
But for him to not even budge, he not only has tissues with extreme tensile strength, but some energy absorption mechanism. Some sort of energetic reactive field on him that absorbs or redirects any energy above a certain threshold. It also probably fuels his muscles when he is using superhuman levels of strength, and stabilizes his body so that the mass of the object doesn't move him, like when he lifts the washing machine. I don't watch the show, so we're either talking about some form of exotic nanomaterial lacing his whole body, with passive and active effects, or magic.
Luke cage's skin isn't the only part of him that has a high tensile strength, his entire boy has this property as it is show in one of the episodes where a special magic bullet penetrates his skin. Lycantrophe is a curse, as in MAGIC. The moon is just a event trigger. The moon itself doesn't actually DO anything. Think of it in logical terms, if A = full moon activate werewolf supermegaform. The extra mass can come from MAGIC, and the energy to for the transformation likewise can come from MAGIC. If u wanna science that shit maybe werewolfs have a wormhole in their stomach leading to a slaughterpen and a dwarfstar.
It doesn't have to be magic; some interpretations have it as a form of disease transmissible thru bodily fluids (specially saliva). The matter of the extra mass does complicates matters a bit; but maybe it is something like how trees use the carbon from carbon dioxide to grow.
The phrasing I used was to indicate that the bullet was never scientifically explained. Saying "It's alien material" doesn't mean anything, iron on mars is technically alien material. It was a cop-out, in essence they might as well have said it was magic for how well it was explained.
Instead of magic, it could be a psychological factor. I remember seeing a movie where a person turn into a werewolf when he see a perfect circle of light. This could mean that seeing a perfect circle of white light (similar to full moon) triggers the transformation.
There are a few issues with Luke Cage's powers. His skin clearly deforms as a bullet hits it, and it seeks to return to its original position with enough speed that it makes the bullet ricochet back in near opposite direction at lethal speeds. So, unlike the way a bullet hitting kevlar will have its energy absorbed and dissipated into the material, Luke's skin seems to be tough enough to return a big amount of energy imparted in it to the bullet. That wouldn't work if Luke's intestines and other tissue didn't share the properties of his skin, because his insides would receive much more of the energy. Clearly, Luke Cage has more than just bulletproof skin. He is incredibly tough inside and out (shown in the show when they analyze his blood and soft tissue under a microscope, and can't get the cells to separate). This also gives an explanation for Luke's immense strength. Since Luke's entire system is near indestructible, and has enough tensile strength to make it so he doesn't even move slightly when punched in the face, it must mean that his body is really stiff and hard to move. He would need a lot of extra strength in order to perform basic bodily functions (breathing, circulatory system) or even to move his limbs. The limbs of an unconscious Luke Cage would be near impossible to manipulate or pose. Basically, the guy is harder than humans, making him tough enough to withstand physical trauma: Thus the need for 'alien metal' bullets, which somehow penetrate the impenetrable (but still embed themselves in regular brick walls).
But in the Netflix show, it is mentioned that... 1. He is bulletproof because his cells absorb the kinetic energy of the bullet and converts them to elastic energy. 2. The scientist modified his cells to mimic a clam species' cell properties , not Kevlar. 3. He survived many explosions because his skin isn't the only thing tough, all of his body is. The Judas bullets that penetrated him got stuck inside for a long time because it couldn't penetrate through his inner body. Which means this video is incorrect since it is based on the show, and I doubt people thought it was skin density since all of this was explicitly mentioned in the show (unless those people actually haven't watched the show.
If there was Kevlar or something similar under his epidermis, wouldn't he still bleed? And he finished bleeding, how would the requisite nutrients reach the area, if blocked off by aforementioned barrier?
Yes you are right. The experimental structure (similar to Abalone shells) that gave him is powers has molecularly bonded with all his skin layers and muscle/internal soft tissue structure. Not just under his epidermis.
They explain in the Netflix series that Luke Cage's cells are extremely elastic and they re-adhere almost instantly when the bond is broken. This is all cells, not just skin cells. This is a serious (even potentially lethal) issue they address in the second half of the season.(Trying to avoid spoilers here)
The pressure from a shotgun blast to the face would not be deadly. A shotgun blast force will have the equal and opposite force to the person holding the shotgun. Firing a shot gun attached to your face would hurt like hell and be extremely stupid, but not deadly. He may get a concussion from it depending on the angle and it he saw it coming. If we assume impenetrable skin, only mounted guns would have a real change of killing him, at least with standard ammo. Explosive rounds would change the math.
Actually the show says his skin has dramatic elastic properties, so things bounce off him and he kind of absorbs impact (takes Danny's iron fist punch, huge shockwave and he's fine). You could be immune to bees but if somehow an object smaller than your pores managed to get you, then something would probably happen. Also, Luke cage is not immune to poison/venom.
Replying to the werewolf question at end, we cant assume its the light causing the change. What if its a mental response to the image of the full moon itself and has nothing to do with light?
i was thinking the same thing, if instead of the moon affecting the person, it could've been a response made by the image of the full moon. since most werewolf stories come from a magical curse, it would be safe to see it as being the trigger for the curse to take effect. it could also be because the full moon reflect light in a certain way and that amount of "radiation" is the actual key. finally, it could also have something to do with another diferent thing entirely but that it coincides with the full moon...
Another option being that the werewolf in question just does not know he can change whenever he wants, but believes the old myths to the point where the stimulus triggers his change.
My exact idea. Psychological response causing change in hormonal activity. Or simply body following monthly cycle. Yes, I took my idea from woman - real life werewolfs.
The Netflix show tries to explain it as his skin having an added property of being able to absorb kinetic energy on top of being extremely elastic. Something to do with abalone shell.
Good point! Kevlar is not usually stab proof either. Luke Cage has shown repeatedly that knives and scalpels can not penetrate. Needles have bent on him. I doubt even a mosquito could get through his skin. The cells must be dense to stop that fine of a point.
Kevlar fabric is not needle resistant because it is made of interwoven threads of kevlar. Those threads themselves are needle-proof, and then some. The video is assuming that Luke's skin is molecularly similar to kevlar the material, not that his skin is a fabric woven together (since he wouldn't be able to retain water and he'd dry out like a fish on land, amongst other problems).
Connor O'Brien well Kevlar isn't actually bullet proof, because usually a couple bullets will destroy the integrity of the weave, instead Luke cage would likely have graphene implanted in his skin
You all are forgetting (or not knowing at all) that Luke Cage has a Healing Factor, not even close to Wolverine's or Deapool but still a strong one. Actually Claire mentions it in one episode of Luke Cage.
it would have to be PH treated in an equally Basic solution to neutralize the acid. We have the means to do it, but whether or not he just happened to have all this crap including the tub of acid laying around the barn for a rainy day is another thing.
He stole it all from Seagate when the project was shut down, because the people in charge didn't want to deal with the fallout of losing a patient and Rackman's death. No one was paying attention to him, so he took what he could.
Can you even imagine that, some guy walking out the dor with all that equipment loading it in a pickup truck? Hey bob what are ya doing with all that stuff? Oh just um.. a.. relocating it?
Geraduss I imagine he was more circumspect in how he took the mad scientist equipment from the secret, disavowed laboratory inside of a private prison complex.
In the show they also mention that Luke has a healing factor, so he could potentially heal the damage done from a shotgun blast to the face fast enough that it wouldn't kill him
No that is not what the scientist or Claire meant; they meant the "structure" mimics the mechanical properties of abalone shell. Luke cage's skin layers are very hard (>8H Mohs, ceramics etc), stiff, dense, elastic and extremely touch at the same time, many times stronger than abalone shell, its similar to graphene. His skin's durability function like the structure of abalone shells; the individual tile- like skin layers stacks and slides over one another held together by elastic-spring like polymer that stretches or compresses to adsorb kinetic energy once force is applied. The polymers would compress the skin tiles for hard surface materials like knives, needles, blades, bullets but would stretch for higher blunt forces such as higher caliper rounds or explosions. The Polymers works like non-Newtonian fluids. This ultra-strong polymer holds his cell together like a "brick and mortar" effect, even when pulled apart, they recoil, evidence shown on the show when Claire examined the cells under the microscope and tries to pull it apart, only to return to its stacked position. The recoil feature of his cells would explain the impact adsorption and deflection properties of his skin, muscle, bones and organs. His internal organs are just as touch, however, are not as strong as those towards the surface.
The hydrogen bond is one of the strongest intermolecular attractions, but weaker than a covalent or an ionic bond, you're right. Sorry for the confusion. -- KH
they are the weakest bond in biology but when they have millions of them joining a polymer of Kevlar to one and other it becomes incredibly strong due to the load being distributed over millions of bonds.
Then there’s comics Luke Cage, who gets rocked by massive explosions all the time and comes out without a scratch. Even took a nuke one time, though he nearly died on that occasion.
The episode I watched today, oddly enough, had his skin pierced by an alien round and during the episode the doctor looks at his skin under a microscope and somehow from that glance she stated his soft tissue had high elastic rigidity combined with energy absorbing properties. Setting aside the question of how she figured that in a manner of seconds with just a microscope... I'd love to see a follow up episode on how that would work and the numbers involved.
POSSIBLE SPOILER MAYBE, it's not a big deal and isn't plot integral. She figured it out by poking the cells and observing them, if that's how ya do that, I've no idea but it's how she did it. But he can survive shock waves because it's his entire body that has these characteristics. She was examining his blood, and later she had the hypothesis that his body was keeping the shrapnel in.
the bullet you are talking about, "Judas", was described as drilling into their target before exploding. So the material would have to be a denser metal than Luke's skin and the drilling motion would allow it to push apart the tissue fibers in order to penetrate, bypassing the need to break through the dense material. if you want to experiment with that, try to hammer a wood screw into a 2x4 then just use a regular screwdriver.
The footage at the very start of the video surely proves the increased density part correct as when he's hit in the face his flesh doesn't even move. For this to occur he'd have to be either very dense or very rigid. If he were rigid he'd be unable to move.
In the show they said his skin has abalone shell properties. It's elastic and the cells are so close and tight together nothing can pass through it unless it is hot enough.
1) When Claire had to remove fragments from the Judas bullet from Cage, she commented that his internal organs were as tough as his skin. Can you say something about that? 2) I was a little disappointed that you didn't discuss abalone shells and their resistance to being penetrated, which seems somewhat different than just Kevlar-lije tensile strength. And they specifically mentioned abalone too! 3) Wouldn't Jessica's stiletto heels need to be made of vibranium, or some other super-strong material to punch through Luke's skin? Seems more likely to me that she'd just make a pair of really expensive Jimmy Choos explode.
if quicksilver could throw the bullet while moving at almost the speed of light, its mass would become infinite and therefore literally become the irresistable force. he would need the ability to increase his density to equally infinite levels to repel it.
It doesn't though. He has a bullet explode inside him and he doesn't die. He got hit by an rpg and didn't die. Also the canon explanation is that his entire body formed stronger molecular bonds not that he had something similar to kevlar put into his skin
Regarding werewolves from a scientific standpoint: I actually read an interesting book on rabies that, among other things, theorized that rabies was actually the cause of the vampire and werewolf myths. People would come home with a bite from a rabid dog, and then become feverish and hallucinate. Meanwhile the rabid dog would bite other dogs in the area, and soon people would be saying the person had turned into one of the beasts as well. Anyway, it got me thinking that maybe lycanthropy could be a combination of a virus and instinct/behavior. The virus gives the host all the supernatural abilities of a werewolf, and the full moon triggers an instinctual reaction (the full change).
That's just sunlight reflected off of the moon, though. If it had to do with the amount of UV hitting you, then you would definitely be turning werewolf every time the sun shone on you.
The kinetic energy displacement thing that he has always intrigued me, because getting punched in the face with no shockwave is already ridiculously impossible, but then he stops a car and a bullet without any visible distortion to his body. If his ability lets him reflect the kinetic energy back to its original sender, the guy who punched him in the face in the Chinese diner would have been in far more pain than what he actually was due to the exact amount of energy and force he delivered, plus the force he exerted in order to do so, re-directed to him in such a small area as a fist. He would've been in the ground crying, at the very least. If he were to reflect or spread out the force of a car or truck, the driver would have severe brain damage as well as organ tissue destruction due to both the impact and the return of force. the person would be brain damaged, brain dead, or dead dead.
Then explain why King Arthur use coconuts in England in circa 900 AD if there is'nt any kind of african nor asian, much less probable caribean trade in the isle by that perdiod.
Luke Cage's bulletproof-ness does not come from density, it comes from elasticity. The bonds between his cells are stronger than usual. If you try to pull his blood cells apart with a scalpel they pull back together. The "Kevlar like molecule" comes from abalone. (a sea snail)
I always imagined that Luke's skin, ligaments and organs were made of a material that was soft to the touch, but became hard when exposed to blunt or sharp impacts such as knives or bullets. His bones could be made out of denser materials because they are ridged structures and don't need to move.
You missed one thing, if he had Kevlar installed under the epidermal layer of his skin, even if it was a very thin, Kevlar while more flexible than say steel, it's not nearly as flexible as human skin, so it would result Luke Cage having much more trouble moving, I honestly don't know much about polyethylene, but I would think that sort of thing would work a little better
One problem with impenetrable skin, which SMBC pointed out first: no surgery for you (e.g. if you get appendicitis) and no intravenous vaccines or other medicines. Personally, I'd rather have thermally super-conductive skin; then I could pick up hot objects without being burned and I wouldn't need utensils to cook food, just clean hands.
for the werewolf question, Assuming that lycanthrope is a type of disease of virus, it could be react to the shift in gravity, causing the agression and other physical events
In theory the werewolf's transformation could be based on a monthly (~27,33 days) hormone cycle. Maybe a protein concentration builds up in their body causing the transformation. To synchronize the transformation with other werewolves, you could imagine a common shared stimulus. The stimulus could be visual from the moons reflected light, certain howling sounds or maybe tidal forces. That stimulus maybe needed only a few times, if the hormone cycle period is very stable.
I just thought of this explanation for werewolves: moon dust could have some special property (like it does in the portal games) that causes a certain wave or particle to be released when sunlight reflects off it. this wave or particle would then travel with the light. when a certain density/amount of this particle (a density only reached during the full moon) interacts with a lycanthrope, they transform. The particle also passes through all solid objects even if light doesn't, so people inside buildings still transform.
Small thing, you didn't take into account the elasticity of skin. It wouldn't be a huge impact to the amount of force, but would allow for more distance to decelerate.
In the show he damn near died from a shotgun blast, but it was offset by his healing factor. Thats the thing about heros. They still are bound by physics but their bodies are enhanced to handle it(ir flash not being torn apart when he runs) its always a full body enhancement
His skin would have to be a lot stronger than Kevlar to do what it does. Bullet proof vests have many layers of Kevlar fabric because the bullets usually puncture the first few. To have bullets bounce off something as thin as skin it would have to be way stronger than that.
For the werewolf thing at the end, maybe in the fictional setting the moon somehow alters the sunlight that's reflected and only the amount of "moonlight" on a "full" moon is enough to induce a wherewolf's transformation
You have to convert all the numbers to SI-units before you calculate, you can't input millimeters and grams. You have to input meters and kilograms! Quick recalculation of your numbers give 320MPa not 2GPa at the first equation
The problem with this analysis, Kyle, is that Kevlar isn't really that great at stopping even small arms fire. The material has a high tensile strength but it has to be applied in several layers and reinforced with steel plates to be effective. It's true however that running the fibers parallel redistributes energy more effectively but most Kevlar vests are woven with a crisscross pattern making them even less effective at stopping bullets.
the only problem with this is that if Luke Cage's skin is the same properties as kevlar and it did stop the bullet it really wouldn't make a difference too much. Because the force generated by say something like a high powered rifle bullet or a close quarters shotgun of even some pistol calibers would still cause massive internal damage which would most likely cause a fatality. Great video anyways i always enjoy your content thanks.
Graphene might be a better choice for Luke Cage's bullet-proofness. It's currently the strongest material known to man and with just 1 layer of graphene (which is only 1 molecule thick) it's been able to stop REALLY small bullets.
Actually, according to the impacts from a truck, and the point blank shotgun blast to the face that Luke Cage has survived, it would be safe to assume that the same material that makes his skin bulletproof is also infused into his muscle tissue, and organs as well, otherwise he would still be severely injured by higher kinetic forces, like stopping a speeding van with his body.
thought the same
I think the comics usually state that he's superhumanly tough everywhere, but his skin is extra tough.
yeah... pretty sure speeding van > shotgun blast.
They do mention that his entire body has been altered to be tougher in one of the later episodes
He also has a healing factor that allows him to heal things rather quickly. Also from the netflix series Luke Cage we see that his internal organs are in fact strengthened just like his skin just not to the skins durability. Dont wanna go to deep into that cause spoilers and the series is still pretty new.
In terms of how his skin is designed, the Netflix series establishes that his skin essentially imitates the structure of abalone shells. Basically, his epidermal cells are more tightly compacted like tiles, and a clingy protein substance binds them. When struck, the tiles slide against each other so that the protein substance stretches and absorb the kinetic energy. Claire (Night Nurse) compared it to his skin being made of legos, but when you try to pull them apart, they snap back together. As for his strength, it does have to do with muscular density, but in different terms. Muscles are like tons of tiny strings woven together to make rope, and in order to move, the complex arrangement has specific ropes expand and contract in specific ways. Combined with the cell structure for his skin, which makes them more durable, Luke simply has more muscle fibers, just tightly compacted. His cells aren't heavier than ours in terms of physics, there are just more of them. Thus, yes, he does have a higher muscular density, but not a higher molecular density.
Does tgat also go same for superman
@@asmrbully6980 Superman's strength and invulnerability is mostly due to a tactile form of telekinesis. Hence how he can carry a plane and not just punch a hole through wherever he's lifting.
@@TheDoctor2nd damn then how did he gets stabbed by doomsday
@@asmrbully6980 Think of it as someone being strong enough to break a forcefield. Also, kryptonite negates his powers, thus why he becomes easy to kill when exposed to its radiation; they keep his body from generating the protective field that prevent objects from piercing his body.
@@TheDoctor2nd damn, but without the forcefield of superman his biological skin and overalls is pretty strong too right
Kyle's 9mm must be made by Aperture Laboratories, it fires the whole bullet (that's 65% more bullet per bullet).
The drawing was wrong but the weight was right.
This next test involves turrets, you know, those pale spherical things full of bullets. Oh wait, that's you in five seconds
BlindIo42 its the power of the Kyle
Erik M. that's awsome
BlindIo42 *whole cartridge/round
@gamasennin pointed out that Luke Cage could step on LEGOs with immunity. Damn. -- KH
I thought Spider webs were better than the bullet proof jackets, made of kevlar that police wear
he would probably just make the lwgo splinter to pecies
That werewolf thing... Ever heard of magic? naw I'm just kidding, but maybe its an instinct. Like for an example remember coyottes? they howl at the moon for some particular reason that I'm unfamiliar with, so when an werewolf sees a moon they react to the werewolf genetics (whatever form of hybrid that is) and transform.
Nerdist can you please do a Because Science episode about luke cage and if it's possible for him to survive a punch from One Punch Man. Please please please do it! Thanx if you respond!
magic a form of energy man has yet to discover could be a plasable hypothesis. but i beleive it is more related to instinct like some birds know the migratory route they must take every year werewolves loose controll of their ability to shapeshift at the sight of the moon in its full state.
*MINOR SPOILERS YOU'VE BEEN WARNED*
If you watch the show, you'd know that his "bulletproofness" goes beyond his skin and includes his organs as seen in the episode where Claire tried to take the out the bullet in him but broke the scalpel and when she looks at his cells from under a microscope, his cells essentially rubber band together if you try to go past them (Ik I didn't explain that very well). So since the cellular structure of both the skin and organs are bulletproof, that would suggest that his abilities come from completely rearranged DNA instead of just a Kevlar layer inside of his skin right? Because even if he had only bulletproof skin but organs that were normal, every bullet he took to the chest would knock the wind out of him
The cells that rubber banded together were still within his layer of skin I believe, and if they weren't, then the show messed up. The Luke Cage character from the comics is known for having indestructible skin, but his organs are 100% normal. This is why in Jessica Jones when he got shot in the head by a shotgun, his skin wasn't penetrated but his brain still swelled up and he lost consciousness from the impact.
His organs in the show were not as strong as his skin, but still really strong.
Idk much about Luke cage and I'm certain you know more than I do but I don't think this to fully be the case lest his abilities be pretty inconsistent because in one of the episodes not only does he survive an RPG blast which impenetrable skin or not with normal organs he'd have some form of rupture from that as well as the force of the building collapsing on him his bones wouldn't be able to take that impact either, same goes for stopping a car with his body as if he were a wall, his powers have to be more than just skin because even if he has no organ damage his bones would not hold up
please do feel free to correct me or even give explanation to this I find him to be very interesting
Steven Richards The show is inconsistent. Just like any other super hero show.
Ammunition manufacturers hate him, find out how this one weird trick makes you bullet proof!
Last time I was this early I published the video
+Kyle Hill subsback please..! I had subs your channel too. thx
there is a test of a skin piece which was produced with strong fibers and which was able to avoid penetration of a bullet,just look it up on youtube :)
Was your comment at the end of the werewolf question 'Lycan subscribe' on purpose or just a happy accident?
lol
Oh god, they exist. I already lost my faith.
The biggest science issue I have with Luke in the show is when he stops the SUV. This is actually the same problem with the way he lifts the washing machine in episode one. Even if he is incredibly strong, that doesn't mean he has any more mass than a normal muscular person. When the car runs into him, it should throw him back, because it is more massive. It may not hurt him, but he shouldn't be able to stand up straight like he does. Even if he could bench press or bicep curl the washing machine, he does nothing to brace himself, so he should fall over. Essentially, it looks to me like Luke must have some energy absorption or dampening ability in addition to his unbreakable skin.
exactly. Whats keeping him grounded? he doesnt weigh nearelllyyyy as much as that suv did. hed be knocked outta his shoes.
It said in one of the Luke Cage episodes that in addition to the bullet proof skin/elastic-like skin, his skin absorbs energy of impacts as well... now I am not a scientist by any stretch of the imagination but such explanation was satisfactory for me.
Kinda like Captains shield... good call
Gage Dennis So the impacts actually wouldn't destroy his internal organs?
Adonan the stoic actually in episode 8 Claire (night nurse) establishes that his internal tissue is energy absorbent so thats why the special bullet they use to shoot him doesnt explode
luke cages skin is made from microscopic nokia 3210s
Shit how did u know our secret
STAR ee Knight 😂
😂😂😂😂
I like the werewolf rant at the end xD
@Dark Helmet right!!!
"Lycan subscribe"
How big of a wingspan would Angel/Archangel have to have in order to fly and still maintain standard human bone density?
gareth smith angel has hollow bones so he's like 150 pounds
If he does have hollow bones he wouldn't be able to fight, his skeleton would be so brittle one punch would shatter every bone in his arm; taking a hit would do the same thing. He'd have to wear stupid amount of armor just to support an impact, which adds weight, again, making him closer to 200+ pounds. It would also cut down on his maneuverability, both in the air and on the ground. So, if his bones are hollow he's even more pointless than he already is.
and on top of that Archangels wings are metal, that adds even more weight on top of the armor.
i think that for a normal human with hollow bones a wing would have to be somewhere around 6meters. i remember someone explaining that a long time ago, so it could be wrong. if you'd have normal bone density the wings would have to be even larger
I read that you would have to have the wingspan of a Cesna (which I guess is about the same as the wingspan of a hangglider?).
But there is also the matter of the power to flap the wings and lift you; if you were to stick with regular biology, your back and pectoral muscles would need to be huge; like a bat, except much more muscular.
Did he just say LYCAN subscribe?
I thought so too!
Hydrogen bonds are great. Only Bond James Bond is stronger....... I'll let myself out
It would have to be stronger than Kevlar because cage is scene stopping bullets from an AR-15 pattern rifle, which commonly shoots the .223 Remington/5.56 NATO round and can even fire rounds like the .458 SOCOM that is designed to stop vehicles at a checkpoint without having to shoot the driver. Kevlar wouldn't be able to stop those rounds, you'd need steel, ceramic, or other material used to make level 3 body armor to stop those rounds.
Thank you! yeah that bothered me too that he went for the 9mm as opposed to calculating off of the AR. Doing so would have let him reason that since it works on the AR then it works on the 9mm
Raiden My issue was that the pressure was calculated assuming a cylindrical shape. I understand it simplified matters, and that 9mm rounds have different shapes, weights, and loads, but if youre gonna go for the wow factor, surely getting the biggest result you can out of the math would be better.
Mike Mac you are completely right, to be honest I think Kevlar kinda sucks, graphene would be the perfect material to put under his skin because a) it's just as strong as diamond( well diamond is hard and brittle while graphene is strong and flexible but you get my point) and b) it only takes an amount of graphene equal in width the the tip of a sharp pencil
He stops a 50cal machine gun fully auto as well in season 2!
Yes, his body was infused with some kind of metal. It is explained in the netflix show.
Hey Kyle, when the Flash runs at really high speeds why does he not go into orbit because of escape velocity??
I'm not Kyle, but I'd guess it's because his velocity isn't aimed away from the planet.
except it is, because he's running, kicking up and forward from the ground
except it is, because he's running, kicking up and forward from the ground
Because due to the Speed Force, he's not ACTUALLY moving all that fast. Think of it as he's moving normal and the rest of the universe has slowed down. That's why he doesn't take miles and miles to slow down.
Charlie Wow Not really. Yes, he's very fast, but the pressure he's applying to the planet (to escape the earth's gravity) is only enough to get him however high he goes when he's running. Most of the force he's applying is being used to push his mass forward, not up.
A rocket, on the other hand, has all of its pressure behind it pushing it up and away from the earth's gravitational pull. If it were pointed sideways, that rocket wouldn't go into orbit, it would behave like other projectiles and crash into the earth.
In other words, "escape velocity" isn't a single measurement. Direction is important too.
Actually a lycan might transform when observing what we call the full moon because of a psychological reaction.
Just my thought on the matter.
6:06 "Lycan subscribe". Wow. Genius if that was an intentional pun.
The thing about kevlar isn't that it doesn't break from stopping 9mm bullets, but rather the fact that it spreads the impact over a larger surface. Having kevlar for skin also means that a knife would still be able to spread the fibers apart and penetrate. Same thing would happen if he were shot by a standard 5.56x45 round.
So Luke Cage is basically... Kevlar Man ?
But why he doesn't choose that as his superhero name?
because he like Power Man way too much....
Because "Kevlar" is a trademark and he'd be sued.
Nacre is stronger than Kevlar, it’s actually a tad bit stronger than the highest grade steel which is also stronger than Titanium
@1:30 Bullets are not fired with their brass cartridges still attached. Upon ignition, the lead projectile detaches from the brass cartridge containing the gunpowder charge.
Talking Werewolfs, did I just hear a pun? "Lycan subscribe" 😏
Yes, that was my thought on werewolves too. And speaking of Warcraft, that would make their Worgen (essentially werewolves) more accurate since they are always worgen, but thanks to magic, they can change at will unless under high stress.
Luke Cage still got hurt when the bullet was shot into his hand, you could see it on his face. And the blast from the shotgun nearly did kill him (severe brain hemorrhage) but he recovered it just 5 hours. Advanced regeneration is his other power that isn't shown as much
All that happened when Jessica Jones shot him was a concussion, his healing factor was only established in the comics, but come season two and he can tank Judas Bullets, nothing on earth we have is that strong, number one it’s an alien metal, and number two it has a drilling effect and explodes from within, even an MK11 Raufoss Round isn’t that powerful, and would most likely do nothing to cage if a Judas Bullet can’t
Kyle just F*ck ed my world up with the moon being full at all times... #ShowerThoughts
My explanation for werewolves is that it is time based, and that the time that werewolves transform just so happens to coincide with the emergence of the full moon
i was thinking about maybe the amount of light that is reflected off of the moon to that location on earth. with a full moon more light, so transform
NTT of Mistery then a werewolf should always be wolfed up in the day because moonlight is just reflected sunlight
You could totally take the DBZ explanation. The sunlight reflected off of the moon has a slightly altered wavelength, and it's that specific wavelength that triggers the transformation. (Total BS, I know, but it's about as good an explanation as any.)
if that was the case wouldnt they partial transform when there isn't a full moon
i.e half moon half transformation?
There might just have to be above a certain amount, an amount only achieved by a full moon
If we are just talking about Luke Cage's skin, everything you spoke on is spot on. However, much like Iron Man's secret inertial dampener, Luke Cage appears to display the ability to reflect kinetic energy back at whatever it is that is hitting him. We see bullets bounce right back towards the shooter, we see a fist implode on his jaw, and we see a SUV crumple around him with out budging Luke. Sure, Luke has armor grade skin and a light healing factor, but he also appears to be a kinetic mirror. Your thoughts?
How dangerous do mosquitos would be at a zombie apocalypse?
Don't know how mosquitos work but the zombie virus only affects you if it gets in contact with your blood! And from what I know mosquitos only draw blood, could be wrong tho xD
+Mathew Forn if a zombie has it's blood sucked out by a mosquito then the virus will be left on the mosquito. Then if the mosquito were to suck your blood then it would be contaminated with the virus. It's pretty simple knowledge. Think of it like someone using the same needle to give an hiv patient and then you a vaccine, you will then contract the hiv virus.
[Sable] just like with Malaria and Zika, humanity near ponds may or may not be screwed.
Males are the vegan and the females use the blood to make eggs with.
Anyone living in areas where mosquitos live would become infected. So like 95% of the earth's population.
I had an idea for this kind of superpower: non-Newtonian fluid blood. Normally, it's liquid so it can go all throughout your body and do what blood normally does, but when enough pressure is applied, like from a speeding bullet, it becomes solid and deflects it. That way, your whole body is protected because your blood goes everywhere in your body. This could also be superior to Luke Cage's skin because, as in the show, you can't inject a needle or anything into his body to help his internal organs. But, with non-Newtonian blood, it's possible that that little amount of pressure from the needle won't cause the blood to become solid and so it goes in and works like a normal human body. Although, that might also be a bad thing, such as when someone poisons you with a needle.
I don't even watch the show I'm only here because...Science!
I'll allow it. -- KH
same :p
Boring show imo.
The stiletto thing? Yep. As far as I remember, the cabin floor of the first 747's could be punctured by high heels (Obviously the floor design was fixed pretty fast) I've also worked in a building that banned women from wearing high heels since the heels could punch through the raised flooring.
Wait, my Biology teacher said hydrogen bonds were on the weak side of chemical bonds (and she has a Ph.D). Is it the massive quantity that makes them hard to break up?
The hydrogen bond is one of the strongest intermolecular attractions, but weaker than a covalent or an ionic bond, you're right. Sorry for the confusion. -- KH
1:31 please don't draw moving bullets with their casings. it just annoys me.
thanks
-randomguythatgavehisopinioneventhoughhewasn'tasked
Lycan subscribe? haha... get it?
heard that too.
secret werewolf fanboy confirmed -.-
dont know if that was intentional or not...
dam! beat me to it
Haha I just went to get the spelling right and saw this .. dam it. lycan subs
I just watched it back, they write lycan above subscribe lol
But for him to not even budge, he not only has tissues with extreme tensile strength, but some energy absorption mechanism. Some sort of energetic reactive field on him that absorbs or redirects any energy above a certain threshold. It also probably fuels his muscles when he is using superhuman levels of strength, and stabilizes his body so that the mass of the object doesn't move him, like when he lifts the washing machine. I don't watch the show, so we're either talking about some form of exotic nanomaterial lacing his whole body, with passive and active effects, or magic.
Luke cage's skin isn't the only part of him that has a high tensile strength, his entire boy has this property as it is show in one of the episodes where a special magic bullet penetrates his skin.
Lycantrophe is a curse, as in MAGIC. The moon is just a event trigger. The moon itself doesn't actually DO anything. Think of it in logical terms, if A = full moon activate werewolf supermegaform. The extra mass can come from MAGIC, and the energy to for the transformation likewise can come from MAGIC. If u wanna science that shit maybe werewolfs have a wormhole in their stomach leading to a slaughterpen and a dwarfstar.
It doesn't have to be magic; some interpretations have it as a form of disease transmissible thru bodily fluids (specially saliva).
The matter of the extra mass does complicates matters a bit; but maybe it is something like how trees use the carbon from carbon dioxide to grow.
that bullet wasn't magic it was alien technology/metal. they mentioned and explained it in the episode. they referred to it the incident in New York
The phrasing I used was to indicate that the bullet was never scientifically explained. Saying "It's alien material" doesn't mean anything, iron on mars is technically alien material. It was a cop-out, in essence they might as well have said it was magic for how well it was explained.
Instead of magic, it could be a psychological factor. I remember seeing a movie where a person turn into a werewolf when he see a perfect circle of light. This could mean that seeing a perfect circle of white light (similar to full moon) triggers the transformation.
This is Because Science. Curse answer is too easy - and boring one might say.
hahaha yes lycan and subscribe, Bee cause of sicence oh the puns are amazing in this one XD
Lycan subscribe my bad haha
Oh yeah wow I am dumb haha thanks 😅
Awww beat me to it. Hehe. Gotta love those puns
Well you could've just edited the comment...
And saved yourself from cringe
"Lycan Subscribe", Kyle? Really? After what you just said about werewolves?
There are a few issues with Luke Cage's powers.
His skin clearly deforms as a bullet hits it, and it seeks to return to its original position with enough speed that it makes the bullet ricochet back in near opposite direction at lethal speeds. So, unlike the way a bullet hitting kevlar will have its energy absorbed and dissipated into the material, Luke's skin seems to be tough enough to return a big amount of energy imparted in it to the bullet. That wouldn't work if Luke's intestines and other tissue didn't share the properties of his skin, because his insides would receive much more of the energy.
Clearly, Luke Cage has more than just bulletproof skin. He is incredibly tough inside and out (shown in the show when they analyze his blood and soft tissue under a microscope, and can't get the cells to separate).
This also gives an explanation for Luke's immense strength. Since Luke's entire system is near indestructible, and has enough tensile strength to make it so he doesn't even move slightly when punched in the face, it must mean that his body is really stiff and hard to move. He would need a lot of extra strength in order to perform basic bodily functions (breathing, circulatory system) or even to move his limbs. The limbs of an unconscious Luke Cage would be near impossible to manipulate or pose.
Basically, the guy is harder than humans, making him tough enough to withstand physical trauma: Thus the need for 'alien metal' bullets, which somehow penetrate the impenetrable (but still embed themselves in regular brick walls).
But Kevlar can't keep out .308 or .303 or .50, all of which shoot Luke
But in the Netflix show, it is mentioned that...
1. He is bulletproof because his cells absorb the kinetic energy of the bullet and converts them to elastic energy.
2. The scientist modified his cells to mimic a clam species' cell properties , not Kevlar.
3. He survived many explosions because his skin isn't the only thing tough, all of his body is. The Judas bullets that penetrated him got stuck inside for a long time because it couldn't penetrate through his inner body.
Which means this video is incorrect since it is based on the show, and I doubt people thought it was skin density since all of this was explicitly mentioned in the show (unless those people actually haven't watched the show.
If there was Kevlar or something similar under his epidermis, wouldn't he still bleed? And he finished bleeding, how would the requisite nutrients reach the area, if blocked off by aforementioned barrier?
Yes you are right. The experimental structure (similar to Abalone shells) that gave him is powers has molecularly bonded with all his skin layers and muscle/internal soft tissue structure. Not just under his epidermis.
OGUN his whole physiology is basically composed of Nacre
You even explained why it doesnt make someone invincible. Perfect!
Lycan subscribe... Ayyyyyyyy
Nice.
damn... you stole my joke... god job.
loriquayleio i thought i was the only one who noticed that
Only werewolves can subscribe now
Awww...I wanted to say that. =(
They explain in the Netflix series that Luke Cage's cells are extremely elastic and they re-adhere almost instantly when the bond is broken. This is all cells, not just skin cells. This is a serious (even potentially lethal) issue they address in the second half of the season.(Trying to avoid spoilers here)
The pressure from a shotgun blast to the face would not be deadly. A shotgun blast force will have the equal and opposite force to the person holding the shotgun. Firing a shot gun attached to your face would hurt like hell and be extremely stupid, but not deadly. He may get a concussion from it depending on the angle and it he saw it coming.
If we assume impenetrable skin, only mounted guns would have a real change of killing him, at least with standard ammo. Explosive rounds would change the math.
But does that stop recoil? Like would he get thrown back still from the force of the bullet?
I agree. I guess I meant an impact that can clearly put him in the coma zone could also possibly kill him. -- KH
Actually the show says his skin has dramatic elastic properties, so things bounce off him and he kind of absorbs impact (takes Danny's iron fist punch, huge shockwave and he's fine).
You could be immune to bees but if somehow an object smaller than your pores managed to get you, then something would probably happen. Also, Luke cage is not immune to poison/venom.
Replying to the werewolf question at end, we cant assume its the light causing the change. What if its a mental response to the image of the full moon itself and has nothing to do with light?
there was a manga that explored this where the main character at the end learnt to transform at will. cannot remember the name though....
i was thinking the same thing, if instead of the moon affecting the person, it could've been a response made by the image of the full moon. since most werewolf stories come from a magical curse, it would be safe to see it as being the trigger for the curse to take effect.
it could also be because the full moon reflect light in a certain way and that amount of "radiation" is the actual key.
finally, it could also have something to do with another diferent thing entirely but that it coincides with the full moon...
Another option being that the werewolf in question just does not know he can change whenever he wants, but believes the old myths to the point where the stimulus triggers his change.
My exact idea. Psychological response causing change in hormonal activity. Or simply body following monthly cycle. Yes, I took my idea from woman - real life werewolfs.
now explaining how that physical change works there is the fun part
The Netflix show tries to explain it as his skin having an added property of being able to absorb kinetic energy on top of being extremely elastic. Something to do with abalone shell.
ok, but what about a needle? you can squeeze a needle through kevlar
Good point! Kevlar is not usually stab proof either. Luke Cage has shown repeatedly that knives and scalpels can not penetrate. Needles have bent on him. I doubt even a mosquito could get through his skin. The cells must be dense to stop that fine of a point.
plus he has been shown to break peoples hand if they punch him.
***** if you saw jessica jones you'd know it does
Kevlar fabric is not needle resistant because it is made of interwoven threads of kevlar. Those threads themselves are needle-proof, and then some. The video is assuming that Luke's skin is molecularly similar to kevlar the material, not that his skin is a fabric woven together (since he wouldn't be able to retain water and he'd dry out like a fish on land, amongst other problems).
Connor O'Brien well Kevlar isn't actually bullet proof, because usually a couple bullets will destroy the integrity of the weave, instead Luke cage would likely have graphene implanted in his skin
Lol
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film) Paul Reubens' vampire ''Oww' gag.
Luke survived a shotgun blast to the face at point blank range
And he would have died without Jones' help. -- KH
I believe this is just a case of that writing. I think they wanted Luke Cage to have strong muscles as opposed to Strong skin
You all are forgetting (or not knowing at all) that Luke Cage has a Healing Factor, not even close to Wolverine's or Deapool but still a strong one. Actually Claire mentions it in one episode of Luke Cage.
And suffered a brain hemorrhage, nearly died and was out cold for several days.
+inFamousVonVirus that's still doesn't dispute the fact he survived a shotgun blast to the face point blank
Subcutis of Borg. Kyle, you are literally the best thing to happen to the internet.
I had a problem with Luke's boiling Acid Bath. lol I mean how could all the equipment survive the acid.
it would have to be PH treated in an equally Basic solution to neutralize the acid. We have the means to do it, but whether or not he just happened to have all this crap including the tub of acid laying around the barn for a rainy day is another thing.
He stole it all from Seagate when the project was shut down, because the people in charge didn't want to deal with the fallout of losing a patient and Rackman's death. No one was paying attention to him, so he took what he could.
Can you even imagine that, some guy walking out the dor with all that equipment loading it in a pickup truck?
Hey bob what are ya doing with all that stuff?
Oh just um.. a.. relocating it?
Geraduss I imagine he was more circumspect in how he took the mad scientist equipment from the secret, disavowed laboratory inside of a private prison complex.
In the show they also mention that Luke has a healing factor, so he could potentially heal the damage done from a shotgun blast to the face fast enough that it wouldn't kill him
What about the abalone mentioned in the latter half of the series?
In the show Claire says it’s an “abalone shell” ((which doesn’t make sense because abalone is a snail)) and the “Velcro effect”.
No that is not what the scientist or Claire meant; they meant the "structure" mimics the mechanical properties of abalone shell. Luke cage's skin layers are very hard (>8H Mohs, ceramics etc), stiff, dense, elastic and extremely touch at the same time, many times stronger than abalone shell, its similar to graphene.
His skin's durability function like the structure of abalone shells; the individual tile- like skin layers stacks and slides over one another held together by elastic-spring like polymer that stretches or compresses to adsorb kinetic energy once force is applied. The polymers would compress the skin tiles for hard surface materials like knives, needles, blades, bullets but would stretch for higher blunt forces such as higher caliper rounds or explosions. The Polymers works like non-Newtonian fluids.
This ultra-strong polymer holds his cell together like a "brick and mortar" effect, even when pulled apart, they recoil, evidence shown on the show when Claire examined the cells under the microscope and tries to pull it apart, only to return to its stacked position.
The recoil feature of his cells would explain the impact adsorption and deflection properties of his skin, muscle, bones and organs. His internal organs are just as touch, however, are not as strong as those towards the surface.
Abalone is actually found in Mother of Pearl ( Clams and Oysters) which is actually comprised of Nacre a ceramic like material stronger than steel
Did anyone else catch that Kyle said "Lycan* subscribe"?! As in Lycanthrope?! As in Werewolf?!
I was actually gonna mention that his bullet proof skin would do literally nothing against a shockwave but, the video covered it. Good job Thor :D
Wait what? Hydrogen bonds are strongest in nature? Aren't they the weakest?
The hydrogen bond is one of the strongest intermolecular attractions, but weaker than a covalent or an ionic bond, you're right. Sorry for the confusion. -- KH
It is one of the most confusing bonds too. xD
they are the weakest bond in biology but when they have millions of them joining a polymer of Kevlar to one and other it becomes incredibly strong due to the load being distributed over millions of bonds.
Then there’s comics Luke Cage, who gets rocked by massive explosions all the time and comes out without a scratch. Even took a nuke one time, though he nearly died on that occasion.
The episode I watched today, oddly enough, had his skin pierced by an alien round and during the episode the doctor looks at his skin under a microscope and somehow from that glance she stated his soft tissue had high elastic rigidity combined with energy absorbing properties. Setting aside the question of how she figured that in a manner of seconds with just a microscope... I'd love to see a follow up episode on how that would work and the numbers involved.
The energy absorption would also help explain surviving explosion shockwaves and taking hits without moving (absorbed kinetic energy)
Good idea. I had written the episode well before the show aired, would be good to revisit. -- KH
POSSIBLE SPOILER MAYBE, it's not a big deal and isn't plot integral.
She figured it out by poking the cells and observing them, if that's how ya do that, I've no idea but it's how she did it. But he can survive shock waves because it's his entire body that has these characteristics. She was examining his blood, and later she had the hypothesis that his body was keeping the shrapnel in.
the bullet you are talking about, "Judas", was described as drilling into their target before exploding. So the material would have to be a denser metal than Luke's skin and the drilling motion would allow it to push apart the tissue fibers in order to penetrate, bypassing the need to break through the dense material. if you want to experiment with that, try to hammer a wood screw into a 2x4 then just use a regular screwdriver.
Greg Larson indeed! In the episode they do refer to it being made of a material that's not of this world, as well.
The footage at the very start of the video surely proves the increased density part correct as when he's hit in the face his flesh doesn't even move. For this to occur he'd have to be either very dense or very rigid. If he were rigid he'd be unable to move.
Thor teaches science
In the show they said his skin has abalone shell properties. It's elastic and the cells are so close and tight together nothing can pass through it unless it is hot enough.
It doesn't hurt when Luke Cage stubs his toe.
Or when he accidentaly walks on top of legos
Okay, now that's pushing it
This is much more impressive. -- KH
whenever anyone asks this is why i always say i would want his super powers. you can't beat it
1) When Claire had to remove fragments from the Judas bullet from Cage, she commented that his internal organs were as tough as his skin. Can you say something about that?
2) I was a little disappointed that you didn't discuss abalone shells and their resistance to being penetrated, which seems somewhat different than just Kevlar-lije tensile strength. And they specifically mentioned abalone too!
3) Wouldn't Jessica's stiletto heels need to be made of vibranium, or some other super-strong material to punch through Luke's skin? Seems more likely to me that she'd just make a pair of really expensive Jimmy Choos explode.
what if quicksilver threw the bullet?
MCU quicksilver is dead... Sooooo... Nope!
Well, it would depend on the speed the bullet traveled, you're asking the same question as "What if I got a bigger gun?"
if quicksilver could throw the bullet while moving at almost the speed of light, its mass would become infinite and therefore literally become the irresistable force. he would need the ability to increase his density to equally infinite levels to repel it.
if he could catch them first
that s another thing I can't figure out, why does the speed of light make anything infinite when it is limited?
"It's called unbreakable skin, fool!" (Look it up)
Does this mean he could survive further than mock 9?
nope . Anything damaging his internal organs kills him.
Subs my channel too. thx
It doesn't though. He has a bullet explode inside him and he doesn't die. He got hit by an rpg and didn't die. Also the canon explanation is that his entire body formed stronger molecular bonds not that he had something similar to kevlar put into his skin
He could mock hundreds or thousands if he wanted, but that would be out of character.
Guys, I hope you mean Mach.
Regarding werewolves from a scientific standpoint: I actually read an interesting book on rabies that, among other things, theorized that rabies was actually the cause of the vampire and werewolf myths. People would come home with a bite from a rabid dog, and then become feverish and hallucinate. Meanwhile the rabid dog would bite other dogs in the area, and soon people would be saying the person had turned into one of the beasts as well.
Anyway, it got me thinking that maybe lycanthropy could be a combination of a virus and instinct/behavior. The virus gives the host all the supernatural abilities of a werewolf, and the full moon triggers an instinctual reaction (the full change).
What if werewolves transform by the amount of light the "moon" gives. because when it is not a "full moon" , not all of the moon is shining down. =O
That's just sunlight reflected off of the moon, though. If it had to do with the amount of UV hitting you, then you would definitely be turning werewolf every time the sun shone on you.
+Nerdist Sweet Christmas, Kyle.
Nice work, my dude!
The answer is in the ninth episode.
Or ten
Yeah, the cells of his body are just energy-absorbant. They just eat away energy coming at his body.
*Ahem* SPOILERS!
eh it's not that important to the plot, you can still watch.
not only that, but that his skin can endure a lot of tensile stress. His cells just dont "break" or "separate".
The kinetic energy displacement thing that he has always intrigued me, because getting punched in the face with no shockwave is already ridiculously impossible, but then he stops a car and a bullet without any visible distortion to his body. If his ability lets him reflect the kinetic energy back to its original sender, the guy who punched him in the face in the Chinese diner would have been in far more pain than what he actually was due to the exact amount of energy and force he delivered, plus the force he exerted in order to do so, re-directed to him in such a small area as a fist. He would've been in the ground crying, at the very least. If he were to reflect or spread out the force of a car or truck, the driver would have severe brain damage as well as organ tissue destruction due to both the impact and the return of force. the person would be brain damaged, brain dead, or dead dead.
How many coconuts carries a swallow?
African or Europea n?
0 because coconuts cannot carry a swallows.
Then explain why King Arthur use coconuts in England in circa 900 AD if there is'nt any kind of african nor asian, much less probable caribean trade in the isle by that perdiod.
Hernando Garibaldi A wizard did it.
I love it
Luke Cage's bulletproof-ness does not come from density, it comes from elasticity. The bonds between his cells are stronger than usual. If you try to pull his blood cells apart with a scalpel they pull back together. The "Kevlar like molecule" comes from abalone. (a sea snail)
In the comics, isn't his skin as tough as titanium?
yes
You guys might be thinking of Adamantium(the fictional metal coating Wolverine's skeleton).
+astralman
no, it's been said in the comics and multiple video games that have featured Luke Cage that his skin is like Titanium
I always imagined that Luke's skin, ligaments and organs were made of a material that was soft to the touch, but became hard when exposed to blunt or sharp impacts such as knives or bullets. His bones could be made out of denser materials because they are ridged structures and don't need to move.
you covered yourself in nokia 3310's?
That subcutis of borg joke was AMAZING
You missed one thing, if he had Kevlar installed under the epidermal layer of his skin, even if it was a very thin, Kevlar while more flexible than say steel, it's not nearly as flexible as human skin, so it would result Luke Cage having much more trouble moving, I honestly don't know much about polyethylene, but I would think that sort of thing would work a little better
One problem with impenetrable skin, which SMBC pointed out first: no surgery for you (e.g. if you get appendicitis) and no intravenous vaccines or other medicines. Personally, I'd rather have thermally super-conductive skin; then I could pick up hot objects without being burned and I wouldn't need utensils to cook food, just clean hands.
for the werewolf question, Assuming that lycanthrope is a type of disease of virus, it could be react to the shift in gravity, causing the agression and other physical events
A few years back some German scientists worked on putting spidersilk under skin to make it bullet-resistance and could withstand .22 caliber.
OKAY SO BEST PUNS EVER
3:55 Luke under a microscope.
6:05 (Talking about Werewolves) Lycan subscribe.
Killing it today Kyle
It was explained in the show both how luke got his powers, as well as how they work.
In the series explanation, he is also strong on the interior, so that's why he doesn't die from internal injuries.
In theory the werewolf's transformation could be based on a monthly (~27,33 days) hormone cycle. Maybe a protein concentration builds up in their body causing the transformation. To synchronize the transformation with other werewolves, you could imagine a common shared stimulus. The stimulus could be visual from the moons reflected light, certain howling sounds or maybe tidal forces. That stimulus maybe needed only a few times, if the hormone cycle period is very stable.
I just thought of this explanation for werewolves:
moon dust could have some special property (like it does in the portal games) that causes a certain wave or particle to be released when sunlight reflects off it. this wave or particle would then travel with the light. when a certain density/amount of this particle (a density only reached during the full moon) interacts with a lycanthrope, they transform. The particle also passes through all solid objects even if light doesn't, so people inside buildings still transform.
Small thing, you didn't take into account the elasticity of skin. It wouldn't be a huge impact to the amount of force, but would allow for more distance to decelerate.
In the show he damn near died from a shotgun blast, but it was offset by his healing factor. Thats the thing about heros. They still are bound by physics but their bodies are enhanced to handle it(ir flash not being torn apart when he runs) its always a full body enhancement
His skin would have to be a lot stronger than Kevlar to do what it does. Bullet proof vests have many layers of Kevlar fabric because the bullets usually puncture the first few. To have bullets bounce off something as thin as skin it would have to be way stronger than that.
The material used to make his skin like that was abalone shell.
The Diddler those snail looking things with hard shells.
For the werewolf thing at the end, maybe in the fictional setting the moon somehow alters the sunlight that's reflected and only the amount of "moonlight" on a "full" moon is enough to induce a wherewolf's transformation
You have to convert all the numbers to SI-units before you calculate, you can't input millimeters and grams. You have to input meters and kilograms! Quick recalculation of your numbers give 320MPa not 2GPa at the first equation
The problem with this analysis, Kyle, is that Kevlar isn't really that great at stopping even small arms fire. The material has a high tensile strength but it has to be applied in several layers and reinforced with steel plates to be effective. It's true however that running the fibers parallel redistributes energy more effectively but most Kevlar vests are woven with a crisscross pattern making them even less effective at stopping bullets.
the only problem with this is that if Luke Cage's skin is the same properties as kevlar and it did stop the bullet it really wouldn't make a difference too much. Because the force generated by say something like a high powered rifle bullet or a close quarters shotgun of even some pistol calibers would still cause massive internal damage which would most likely cause a fatality. Great video anyways i always enjoy your content thanks.
I like the idea of Graphene under the skin, similar to the Hitman theories. It is a substance that is ungodly strong while being incredibly thin.
In the series it is explained that his organs are also protected and that his skin is like that of a shell fish.
Graphene might be a better choice for Luke Cage's bullet-proofness. It's currently the strongest material known to man and with just 1 layer of graphene (which is only 1 molecule thick) it's been able to stop REALLY small bullets.