The Rarest Element on Earth
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- Опубликовано: 28 янв 2019
- While there are over a hundred known elements, the vast majority of the material on Earth is composed of just a handful of elements; oxygen, silicon, aluminum, to name a few. But what is the Earth lacking? What are the rarest elements on Earth?
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Here's the full list if you want to go through it:
8 Oxygen 4.61 x 105
14 Silicon 2.82 x 105
13 Aluminum 8.23 x 104
26 Iron 5.63 x 104
20 Calcium 4.15 x 104
11 Sodium 2.36 x 104
12 Magnesium 2.33 x 104
19 Potassium 2.09 x 104
22 Titanium 5.56 x 103
1 Hydrogen 1.40 x 103
15 Phosphorus 1.05 x 103
25 Manganese 950
9 Fluorine 585
56 Barium 425
38 Strontium 370
16 Sulfur 350
6 Carbon 200
40 Zirconium 165
17 Chlorine 145
23 Vanadium 120
24 Chromium 102
37 Rubidium 90
28 Nickel 84
30 Zinc 70
58 Cerium 66.5
29 Copper 60
60 Neodymium 41.5
57 Lanthanum 39
39 Yttrium 33
27 Cobalt 25
21 Scandium 22
3 Lithium 20
41 Niobium 20
7 Nitrogen 19
31 Gallium 19
82 Lead 14
5 Boron 10
90 Thorium 9.6
59 Praseodymium 9.2
62 Samarium 7.05
64 Gadolinium 6.2
66 Dysprosium 5.2
18 Argon 3.5
68 Erbium 3.5
70 Ytterbium 3.2
55 Cesium 3
72 Hafnium 3
4 Beryllium 2.8
92 Uranium 2.7
35 Bromine 2.4
50 Tin 2.3
63 Europium 2
73 Tantalum 2
33 Arsenic 1.8
32 Germanium 1.5
67 Holmium 1.3
74 Tungsten 1.25
42 Molybdenum 1.2
65 Terbium 1.2
81 Thallium 0.85
71 Lutetium 0.8
69 Thulium 0.52
53 Iodine 0.45
49 Indium 0.25
51 Antimony 0.2
48 Cadmium 0.15
80 Mercury 8.5 x 10-2
47 Silver 7.5 x 10-2
34 Selenium 5 x 10-2
46 Palladium 1.5 x 10-2
83 Bismuth 8.5 x 10-3
2 Helium 8 x 10-3
10 Neon 5 x 10-3
78 Platinum 5 x 10-3
79 Gold 4 x 10-3
76 Osmium 1.5 x 10-3
44 Ruthenium 1 x 10-3
45 Rhodium 1 x 10-3
52 Tellurium 1 x 10-3
77 Iridium 1 x 10-3
75 Rhenium 7 x 10-4
36 Krypton 1 x 10-4
54 Xenon 3 x 10-5
91 Protactinium 1.4 x 10-6
88 Radium 9 x 10-7
89 Actinium 5.5 x 10-10
84 Polonium 2 x 10-10
86 Radon 4 x 10-11
43 Technetium No Data
61 Promethium No Data
85 Astatine No Data
87 Francium No Data
93 Neptunium No Data
94 Plutonium No Data
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Astatine: **exists**
_oh, wait, it's gone already_
:(
1 like one prayer for astatine.
Fs in the chat
F
Hahahah točno tako
Josip Ćurić so true but this sounds like a meme Xd
Nice one
46% of the earth crust is oxygen
Me: *Inhales rocks*
Those are body parts of something lol
*_Drugs are baad mmmmkhay???_*
Jana Roberts not all of them.
Why dont we just get uranium to decay get the uranium under an microscope and put an camera on the microscope?
Yes you will get kidney stones and gain super powers an save someones life
My favorite random fact about Helium is that it was discovered by observing emission lines from the sun. Hence it being named for the sun (Helios).
WORKER : Sir theres a volcano beyond the crust
Boss : keep digging
Astatine and Fluorine are my two favorite elements. Astatine desperately wants to not exist, and Fluorine desperately wants EVERYTHING ELSE to not exist!
My favorite element is Rubidium. It's really shiny, although it's quite rare and expensive.
My favorite element is phosphorus
I'm a element😃😃
@@sunnybanny7831 just one element? 🤔
@@kbyrnenc H2O is a compound, not an element. You should have learned this in like the first grade.
I can tell you why platinum is widely considered more valuable than gold
platinum's melting point is _insane_ for a metal in that part of the periodic table - this stuff is utterly nutterly butterly, it doesn't melt until 1768C! Compare that with the melting point of gold, 1064 (which you'll note is within spitting distance of half as hot). On top of this, gold and silver are far more malleable compared to platinum, which is only slightly less hard than iron and prone to being brittle.
This made brightsmiths (blacksmiths worked iron and steel, brightsmiths worked precious metals) loathe to touch the stuff as it was next to impossible to cast into jewelry and insanely difficult to smith into shape with common brightsmithing hammers and equipment - the stuff was a NIGHTMARE to work, requiring the touch of only the most skilled of smiths. Because of this, anything _made_ of platinum was an absolute chad move on the part of the owner, because it meant having the cash to throw around that you could commission the finest smiths in the known world for enough money that they were persuaded to work with this absolute nightmare metal that was also exceedingly rare at the time because it was so unworkable that no one really bothered mining it.
Obviously with the advent of modern tech, and the use of platinum in things like catalytic converters, it's become more commonly mined and is completely workable with modern machinery, so it's lost a lot of its value- but the cultural memories of its old status remain
Actually the Russian Empire do issue platinum coins, but it was relatively rare (less than 1.5m coins were minted).
Platinum is also usually more stable than gold, so maybe that's a reason? It is also harder to mine in the aspect that it occurs in less places than gold. I think the difference in prices is mostly due to the market, gold is heavily searched with 50% of it going to jewelry and other 40% being used as investment, while only 34% of platinum going to jewelry with 45% of platinum being used for vehicle emission control devices and only a small amount for investment.
Thank you for the history lesson. It was very helpful in putting that into perspective. Sorry it took four replies to get one simple courtesy. People can be jerks.
@@gettothepoint_already3858 I appreciate the... well... appreciation
but there's no need to put other people down while expressing it
but thank you
I was going to ask my dentist for some platinum teeth, but I’ll stick to iridium.
I worked as a jeweler for about 10 years; the most likely reason Pt is “worth” more than Au is that it’s a much more sturdy metal (desired to secure large stones) than gold and also keeps a cleaner look (less discoloration). Also, depending on trends, white metals can be more popular in general (white gold and rhodium plating being the solution for gold). Gold needs to be maintained by regular cleaning and re-plating. It’s also a tougher metal to work with (need welding goggles) so it’s just more expensive to work with (labor being much more involved and working with much higher temps). It may also have to do with how it’s removed from the crust but I’m less aware of how that’s done.
Pure gold is so soft, ALL gold bullion is hardened with platinum so the bullion bars can be stacked and handled without undo WEAR and loss of value. I'm not that smart-National Geographic 30+ years ago had an entire issue devoted to "GOLD". Bullion is .9987% "pure gold" or Credit Suisse Alloy settled upon in the late 1860's as the "World Standard" for bullion. Gold almost always has a tiny bit of very pure COPPER added for better color for jewelry. It only takes about 6% Pt to turn gold "white" (20 carat Gold can be "white Gold"). Even less rhodium. 100% PURE GOLD feels "greasy" to the touch, as your are rubbing some metal off on your fingers-rub 10 minutes and you'll "gold leaf" your fingerprints!
Look up Larry Lawton if you're not familiar with him
Ever hear of Platinosis?
Platinum vapor is toxic.
@jaydubaic21
The reason that platinum is more expensive is because there are practical uses for platinum where gold is mostly ornamental. If you're synthesizing gems like sapphire, ruby or emeralds that requires platinum crucibles and there's the field of semiconductors where little companies like trillion dollar giants like Nvidia, Apple and TSMC, Broadcom and Intel use huge platinum crucibles to make the silicon wafers that are diamond sawed from logs that are etched into chips. All vehicles have platinum catalytic converters in the G7 too. Platinum is used in anticancer drugs and catalyzing the polymerization of silicones and other chemicals.
The semiconductor lasers are made in platinum crucible so every CD, DVD and checkout scanner not to mention weapon range finder lidar depends on them.
I am a Nuclear Engineer, I was really curious to see how you would address the radioactive elements when I saw the title. Congratulations, I learned a lot of new stuff with this video.
Probably a hard job ey?
@@f.b.i9871 He's pretty neutral about it; the job fluxuates. Sometimes it feels like trying to shoot at the broad side of a barn.
Where’d you go to school?
Conspiracy theory: Astatine was created by the government in between Polonium (Po) and Radon (Rn) to keep the periodic table from saying Po Rn
FBI WANT TO KNOW YOUR LOCATION
I like it.
underrated
HAHAHAHAHA SCIENCE JOKES WE'RE VERY SMART TEEHEE
this comment was removed for false information
Villagers: I'll give you 3 bread for that.
Deal!
You get bread?! I get coarse dirt
Pawn Stars: You know I'm taking a big risk here. I think 3 dollars would make a profit for both of us.
Lol I think only Minecraft players would understand that
@@olivia4549 "mincraft*
It's so facinating that so much diversity occurs from the simplest building blocks (particles) just in slightly different arrangements and charges +&- 👍
One thing to consider when it comes to rarity and value is how easy it is to extract/refine. As you noted, aluminum is one of the most abundant elements on earth, but until the late 1800's it was more valuable than gold, because people didn't know how to efficiently get it out of the rocks.
All the more reason to recycle aluminium, eh.
I believe that gold, although more common in the Earth's crust than titanium, is more valuable because it has a lot more uses in the life of humanity than just a store of wealth. Besides its use in various electronic instruments and in a variety of other commercial products, gold can be flattened into more than 100,000 sheets per inch. Since gold almost instantly combines with oxygen to form a very thin layer of gold oxide at its surface, its color can be used to beautify numerous large objects while protecting them from chemical combination with other elements.
10:00 “handful of atoms” well that’s a lot of atoms
*hesitiantly starts clapping*
Me: a handfull can i get that ill be richhh
If i can sell it
@@alif6526 what?
Atoms are smaller than your hand,WAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAY smaller that your hand so your hand can fit like idk,QADRILLIONS?
Gold: "Hey Astatine, how was your day?"
Astatine: *Aight imma head out*
Hahahahahaha i understood that joke im smart
360 morons upvoted this lame-assed comment.
Another super funny overused meme
367
yaphace um yeah we all did
Wow, I learned something within the first 2 minutes. I had no idea that Oxygen could be anything other than a gas. As a crystal and gem collector: this knowledge is a game changer.
Indeed there are very few elements you can find in nature in their elemental form. Note that even oxygen you breathe is not elemental, it's diatomic molecule. Truly elemental oxygen is monoatomic and is extremely reactive (even more so than singlet oxygen or ozone I believe) - especially with alkaline and alkali earth metals. Even very stable elements like mercury and lead are not found in pure form in nature as their respective compounds with oxygen or sulfur (see cinnabar, galenite) are more thermodynamically favoured.
@@LiborTinkaIf you think monoatomic oxygen is reactive, you should see monoatomic fluorine!
I guess the chemical formula H₂O means nothing to you? Imagine how much oxygen on Earth is bound up in its oceans... let alone your body.
helium : rare, made from radioactive decay over millions of years
humans : *haha balloon go brrrr*
The rarest element on Earth is the element of surprise. Gotcha !!
Like the spanish inquisition
UnexpensiveGayPrideCondoms 621 there was the largest amount of Surprise on earth around that time.
@@moormonkey truly nobody expects it
Very good 👍🏻
No its not.. It *IS* the element of suprise
If they released the caves update maybe we will find this element
Ah yes, the ever elusive Cave Update. If only the Outside devs could get on that sooner, we might finally get the mars exploration community achievement. Or not. Only the forum mods and devs could know.
Excue me sir but caves are already here! HOF HOF HOF
if the update was made by EA you'd need to purchase the DLC xD
heh you kids know nothin back in my day you had to buy the canary dlc if we ever wanted to mine and don't get me started on the low xp and money drops mining quests had
It would be cool if you can make weapons and armor out of astatine in minecraft, it's SUPER OP but it breaks in like 2-3 hits
Very very interesting. The funny things is that most of us see elements like solid unchanging stuff, while it isn't, they can trasform themselves in something else, that's nice
This was such an informative video, I found it really interesting and I learned new info about the periodic table which I already thought I had a grasp on, its so well done.
*Astatine would be really good at hide and seek..*
but it cheats, it dissapears as soon as someone finds it
Tomattino Troller nah, they never found it in the first place
Haha! They’ll probably do just as well as my dad!
please come back.
Nam Le Do you know anything rarer than it? It is the Republic of Vietnam. It is not even recognized by the world
@@DuyNguyen-sg7pw Interesting, even us Vietnamese-American didn't know.
That picture at 0:28 isn't of the Kola borehole. That is the Mirny mine in Siberia. Which is an open pit diamond mine located in Sakha Republic in Russia. The borehole in fact is (was now that is is demolished) a rather nondescript building. The hole itself is just a small steel cap on a slab of concrete.
Ditto the above
But please don't fall in. You will never come out.
Tessa Rossa 😂😂😂
No it’s the earths butthole
Jimmy Zimmerman the kola borehole is covered by a rusty metal cover.
The rarest element these days is..'commonsensium'.
@@redtoadplush1142 yup
@@redtoadplush1142 i dont understand are u joking
@@arcane_lock_bot looks like someone had a bowl of “stupidium” for breakfast
A bit of 'knowledsium' wouldn't hurt either.
@@rb3872 damn that’s a good one
I learned a lot from this video and enjoyed it, so thumbs up for it, but in my opinion the mole fraction is more expressive of the actual occurrence of the elements than the mass fraction and also the mole fraction is more consistent with the count of atoms.
It might sound strange, but I am much more amazed that we can know all of this, than the fact that these element are so rare.
@@nomadbrad6391 He did say it at around 0:32. 40 000 meters was just how deep the crust was
@@nomadbrad6391 are you dumb?
@@nomadbrad6391 maybe try to actually watch the video and listen before accusing people ^^
you want to be amazed pulsars turn light into matter, hydrogen the only real element, all other elements are made from hydrogen (in the heart of stars).
@@brusso456 How do we know the number of subatomic particles in each atom
ez I can just find it in a extreme hills biome
Cepha emerald is actually quite common in Minecraft I saw like 20 in a cave
And gold in mesa biome
And diamonds in the i don't know biome cause i never find diamond. :)
Oh dont forget to get a mewtwo!
Nerd X-ray makes all of those ores ez
Atlas: 46.5% of the crust is oxygen
Me: *begins breathing rapidly*
7:10 i think the reason platinum is still considered "above" gold in most people's minds is that it USED to be more valuable than gold AND even now that it isn't (monetarily) it's still more DIFFICULT to *melt and refine* than gold is...PLUS economically viable deposits of it are actually still more rare than economically viable deposits of gold as far as we (humans) are aware
When I saw helium and neon, I went and got my pressurized ampule of xenon (encased in acrylic) out of the fridge. It's easily the rarest stable element in the Earth's crust. I got it for an amazing property: it turns from a liquid to a state of matter we don't usually get to see - a supercritical fluid - between fridge and room temp. Its critical point falls at 16.6 C or 61.9 F, at a pressure of about 58 atmospheres. As I tilt it back and forth, the interface between the vapor and liquid eventually becomes blurry and then vanishes altogether. Also, it's beautiful in an electric field. It set me back $103 but it's worth every penny.
...but then you bypassed it and went on to trace radioactive elements. That's fine, no hard feelings. Astatine is cool but I had worse luck ordering it. Amazon got it to me in 2 days but only 1/64 of what I ordered was there. So I sent it back but they claimed they only got 1/4096 of what they sent me. Goddamn Jeff Bezos!
no its astatine smh
nvm it decayed lmao
wow ,who cares
good argument, unfortunately i did your mother
@@getsbuckets i care about this
My teacher showing me my grades: 8:02
Abraham Montiel “you guys are better grades?”
More like teacher reading my report card
This comment made me crack up so much, bravo!
At least You got that 4. I’m proud of you
Abraham Montiel I sure your plenty smart
Very interesting video - I’ve subscribed and look forward to more.
Rough estimates of the gold to platinum extraction ratio vary, but according to most sources, gold is likely extracted at 3 to 5 times the rate of platinum, on average. Some key points:
• Gold is usually much easier to extract than platinum because it often occurs in native form, while platinum typically requires processing of ore minerals to isolate the platinum metal. This difference makes gold more amenable to recovery via gravimetric and simple metallurgical methods.
• Historically, gold extraction has been more technologically feasible. Simple panning and amalgamation methods could recover gold, while platinum required the development of froth flotation and chemical processing to achieve commercial extraction rates. As technology has improved, the extraction ratio of gold to platinum has declined, but gold is still usually extracted at a higher rate.
• Economics plays a role as well. The higher demand, value and market price of gold has made gold deposits more economical to mine. So the resources and infrastructure dedicated to gold extraction are greater. This also results in a higher total extraction volume of gold relative to platinum.
• Estimates of crustal abundance ratios of gold to platinum are around 4:1, while extraction ratios are possibly 3:1 up to 5:1 or more, indicating gold is extracted at a moderately higher rate than would be expected from abundance alone. But actual ratios vary significantly based on ore type, location, mining companies, and technologies deployed.
• Some sources indicate that around 2,700 tonnes of gold and 550-700 tonnes of platinum were extracted globally in recent decades. This would equate to a rough extraction ratio of around 4:1 for gold relative to platinum. But again, there is variability based on many factors.
So while a precise figure is difficult to determine, most evidence suggests gold is likely extracted at 3 to 5 times the rate of platinum, on average, due to a combination of geological, technological and economic factors. But locally and temporally, this ratio varies based on the specifics of the deposits and mining operations. The extraction ratio of gold to platinum is not strictly a function of their abundance ratio alone.
Nuclear Medicine?
“Doctor I don’t feel so good”
*hands patient Oganesson pill*
*Pill decays away*
Nuclear medicine is a powerful diagnostic tool!
@AtomicPickle1 there's not nearly enough for you to take a pill of it
Humans really have just one way of solving problems. Cancer? Just nuke it!
Hydrogen-7 has a half life of around 23 yocto seconds so it’d decay before your brain received the information from your eyes that it even existed lol
reverse thanoss
Astatine: Let me introduce myse...
well you beat me to it lol, i was gonna say something very similar :)
I- goodbye then.
Also astatine:aight imma head out
Lol
Actually Francium has even shorter lifetime of only 22 minutes, even if its total amount is larger at 20-30 grams...
I dont know why but I usually come back and watch this video. The guy in the video is so calm and I don't know why but this is one of the most interesting videos I have ever watched on this platform.
i think this is the stuff they found that is the only source of negative matter. but yes, it's so rare and they can only make just tiny bits of it at a time, it's what they'd need a lot of in order to actually make the time travel possible. It takes too much of the stuff to make it happen, and it can only be made, but at little bits at a time
Time travel would be a death sentence.
Unless you had a space suit but even then you would have no way to get back to the Earth.
The Earth is not stationary, it is moving at more than 200 Km/S, so when you time jump, you will materialize in deep space or inside the Earth itself depending on how far in time you jump.
And that isn't even considering that time may be an illusion, the past and future only exist in our minds, so there may be nowhere to jump to.
If you need help with the Platinum and gold confusion it's because Platinum is actually in a decline right now in the market place for a few reasons. Historically Platinum has almost always been more expensive because of it's properties and suspected rarity.
Gold and Silver have been known since ancient times, while Platinum was only known in Columbia, and only identified by Western researchers in the 18th century. The sources of Platinum are more restricted than Gold, so for practical purposes it's scarcer.
I thought it would have more to do with the music industry. They had gold records before a massive population increase so they had to go to platinum records.
Also, the price is driven up by its use in catalytic converters for cars. If gold had to be used in cars, then gold would be way more expensive, too.
@@johnfernandez2751 Platinum in general is one of the best catalysts hence why researchers are looking for alternative catalysts. But in general the valuable minerals such as gold platinum copper silver and palladium as far as I know all fluctuate based on market demand so the order of value largely has to do with demand as opposed to just scarcity.
Value is not always a direct relationship to scarcity - gold is valued more for it's use in jewelry and as a store of monetary value, whereas platinum is used to a lesser degree for jewelry, it has far more use as an industrial metal. But the bottom line is that humans simply like gold more than platinum (and perhaps that's because it looks too much like its cheaper cousin, silver ;?).
The rarest element is two pretty best friends
Yes
Yes
Agree
Yes
good luck mining that one
Neon's rarity being comparable to gold and platinum is surprising, but since neon is a gas, a gram of it is a lot more for practical purposes than a gram of precious metal. It takes up a lot more space, and only a very small amount of neon is necessary to make a sign because the pressure has to be very low for the electricity to arc.
Do you think it's possible that those elements that exist for only a second or so, could exist for playing a role in being the chemistry spark or radiation spark to cause further chemistry change or even the beginning of microbial life?? Idk
*_Wakanda wants to know your location_*
You're right, he didn't mention vivranium!!!
vibranium
@Ásgeir Loftsson vibeuanejsjebjsranium
Antonio Montana vibranium lmao
Cool People are moving to Rob Liefeld's The Existence. It's a thing from Major X
Astatine: exists*
Also Astatine : *I have decided that i want to die*
Idiot.
This means astatine is just speedrunning life
@@Lot_2023 You idiot.you moron
@@Lot_2023 You idiot.you moron. you clown.
@@Lot_2023 Just fuck off
Really interesting video! Thanks for the upload.
The rarest element on Earth - intelligence.
Lmao 😂😂😂 you are speaking my language... Sadly, that is so true... awesome.
And weed.
helium: *IS RARE *
people: fills ballons with it as if it was nothing
You ever heard of water?
I really try not to. I prefer sticks and human spit to hold up balloons but 🚫 to helium
@@yaphace it sounds like you impaled a man/woman and then tied the balloon to their dead hand.
@@g4l1l_buckz35 is that a mf jojo reference?
@@lneri7152 i have watched jojo but i don't think i remember someone with a balloon
And here I thought the rarest element on earth these days is common sense.
underrated comment
You hit the nail right on the head with that one mate!
You're not wrong
TOILET PAPER MORE NOT RARE Emerald RARE
It's so rare, they couldn't even observe any, so it didn't get on the list.
Entertaining and informative. Thank you.
very interesting and well presented
2 things could still be improved if you show the use of technetium in the table
and the exception for the noble gas helium the so-called helium hydride
Hi Atlas Pro!
This is a really well put together video, I loved the pacing, the production and the narrative tone. The research on the abundance of elements in the crust was spot on as far as I could tell, and I thought it was a nice way to introduce the concept of radioactive decay in Earth materials. I'm actually making this post because there were a few glaring errors early on however, which I just couldn't get past as a geologist! Specifically:
"Anything below the crust is completely inaccessible to us, both in terms of mining and research"
Not in terms of research. We use indirect geophysical methods to 'access' and image the mantle/core, but we also have actual rock samples from the mantle in the form of xenoliths - chunks of rock which have survived a journey from the mantle into a crustal magma chamber and eventually spat out by a volcano for us to examine.
The Kola Superdeep borehole was not stopped due to "heat from the mantle", but due to the heat from the higher than expected geothermal gradient of the crust that was being drilled into. Although heat from the mantle would have contributed to total overall heat, geothermal gradients in continental crust are much higher than in the mantle and quite variable - it wasn't foreseen how high the gradient would be at the Kola Superdeep Borehole site.
"Earths's crust can reach up to 40,000 metres deep". In fact, Earth's crust can be even thicker than this at sites of plate convergence and mountain building. Here we can get a crustal thickness of up to 80,000 metres, which is seen in parts of the Himalaya today.
"We don't actually have any precise measurements of what's beyond the crust". In truth, we have loads of physical measurements from seismology and magnetic detection, we also have loads of geochemical measurements from mantle xenoliths.
"The molten lava that comes from the mantle mostly consists of material from the crust which just melted from contact with the mantle." This is the biggest error in the video. Crustal material which gets assimilated into magma chambers does play an important role in the chemical evolution of many magmas, but the vast majority of magmas on Earth represent partial melting of the mantle. All magmas produced everywhere originate from this partial melting of mantle material (with a literal handful of extremely rare cases from the Himalaya where melting can originate in the crust). This is why lavas can be so useful as a window into mantle processes - that's where they come from. Magma chambers are filled with material melted from the mantle, and provided it doesn't sit around too long in there, it may not ever receive any crustal component. The ocean floors are made from basalt which was melted from the mantle alone, mid-ocean ridges are home to magma chambers which are constantly erupting and being replenished.
"Therefore in reality, lava offers little insight into what's beyond the crust". An entire field of geoscience has been long established which deals with classifying lavas, their origin and what they can tell us about the Earth's interior, in particular the mantle. This is known as igneous petrology.
Thanks for the extremely thoughtful response! Initially I had included a part in the video about how we’ve studied what’s inside the Earth (though that went a bit more into the magnetism and graviton always interplay between the Earth and other bodies). I think I was really just trying to simplify parts of the video that wouldn’t come into play later on. I still don’t believe we know enough about the deep mantle and core to make a comprehensive list about the abundance of trace elements. Once I decided the crust would be the focus, I heavily generalized to make the video flow better. Also I didn’t realize there’s was a difference between geothermal heat and heat from the interior. Most measurements of the crust only extend to 40000m, mountains can get thicker but no one would ever try to dig a whole to the mantle by starting on a mountain. Overall, I just didn’t want to over complicate the video by bogging it down with specificity, I hope you’ll forgive me. Thanks for watching!
Ah thanks for the response. I do totally understand simplifying things for the purposes of your video. I would argue that we can constrain the trace element composition of the upper mantle, but we can’t really do it in the same way for the lower mantle, so I can forgive this also.
The only thing I remain a stickler about is saying that most lava is melted crust - it’s just not true!
About geothermal heat - this is synonymous with heat from the interior. The rate at which temperature changes with depth can be quite variable in continental crust, and at the Kola Superdeep Borehole this rate increased with depth a fair bit quicker than they thought it would.
haha touche, I don't remember exactly where I got that information but I'll try to find it
Site your sourses, that's what they say. :D
Edit: No one likes grammar nazis. For that, Nathan, I have either removed or replased all instanses of the third letter with either K or S. Suk on that. :P
Well said, ty even more. Why not do your own video? shalom.
Just because platnium may be more abundant in earth's crust dosent mean its less rare. we mine way less platinum yearly. gold is more expensive because its demand is way higher.
That's literally what the video is about - platinum is less rare than gold, period. Doesn't matter how much you mine - the video isn't about how much humans have taken from the crust of the earth - its about the abundance of elements in the earths crust - IE the chances of you finding those elements if you went looking. But agree - gold is more expensive because it is in higher demand, price doesn't necessarily have anything to do with rarity, but doesn't mean that platinum isn't less rare than gold
No matter how you slice it, Gold is more valuable than Platinum. Gold has a higher demand, lower supply, and lower source abundance. The only reason platinum is above gold is because of a historical accident in the 20th century, just like for a time Aluminum was above gold in the 19th century. It is a fad that will fade with time and Gold will once again be on top.
moose wolf pullin out big facts
@@ObjectsInMotion Actually gold is not worth very much. It's rather useless. The worth of a thing is not always measurable in money. Goes for jobs too: Take away all the highest paid people, not much happens. Take away all nurses and farmers: good night.
Osmium and iridium are difficult to mine
But cheaper
Rare earth,
Lanthanides are difficult to process
And Alibaba you can buy kilos of fun stuff
Right on man, Thanks for Sharing this.
The platinum vs gold thing is a combination of its relatively recent discovery as a viable material outside base research, and the cachet of that recent rarity/cost of production.
What a coincidence about the astatine thing.
I had an entrepreneurship project, and one of the questions was why a business (theoretically or real) could’ve undergone scarcity.
So through a bunch of google searches on rarer elements, astatine being a possibility to treat thyroid cancer was the theoretical situation I had chose.
Gets to the point at 8:57 -- you're welcome.
This needs to be up voted by everyone.
It's because this channel cares more about getting money and adhering to the algorithm than being factual
@@PikaPetey huh,nice to see ya and i never knew that
Thank you.
Does it really get to the point though? Between all the completely irrelevant stock images not of the things being spoken about I have no idea what point is trying to be made
To be honest, yttrium has always been one if my favorites to experiment with
Its so cool!
Radon is so rare yet it seems to love lingering in my house
but its only a very small amount of radon
"this process continues to this day and even now the earth loses an estimated 95,000 tons of hydrogen each year just from it leaking into space"
i came here to hear about the rarest element on earth and i left with anxiety
Hydrogen left with alacrity.
Let me ease your mind comrade. The earth spews out more gas than it loses to space
@@danksinatra9146 pog
It's been doing it for the past few billion years. The earth is THICC with air. you won't have to worry about it running out of air. you should worry about the millions of asteroids that can hit earth in the next hundred million years
Do you want more anxiety global warming is here climate change is hapening island is sinking
Great video, but on 0:32 it's not the Kola Superdeep Borehole, but a mine in Mirny, Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Correct. He lifted it from some BS clickbait video I've seen on RUclips.
@@JCO2002 awh, shame
@@antimatter_nvf Yeah, I know. As soon as I saw it, I knew where he'd gotten it, and was tempted to dislike it, and block the channel. I checked the comments, saw yours, and watched the rest. Interesting, cool, but there were a few other factual errors that shouldn't have been there. If he wants to be authoritative for monetization reasons, he should be more careful.
Yeah, the Kola borehole is under a foot wide and was capped off in 2006.
Worst part is that the Kola Superdeep Borehole is not even close to being the deepest because theres a hole in Russia thats over 17 000 m
astatine: *EXISTS AND IS THE RAREST ELEMENT ON EARTH*
doctors: ah yes MEDICIN
Plutonium: i'm going to beat the record
This is super interesting!
I didnt know until now that i needed to,um, know it
I thought getting a girlfriend was the rarest thing ever.
Same
it still is
Autofellatio
you say that cause you dont have one lol
No it's element 118
What’s the most rarest element?
Video: Astatine
Me: element 115
Aaaaaa I see a Man of culture
Diamonds
@@ultrabrot603 your stupid
@@ultrabrot603 only cod players get it
And now I want to listen to Elena Siegman-115. You ass... I WAS JUST TRYING TO WATCH SOMETHING BEFORE BED 🛌 💤
Now I have to jam out for an hour 😤 The power of Metal is with that song
All newer houses in my area were built with radon mitigation in the dirt under the house and in the attic. The fan in the attic draws the air under the house out the roof. The HVAC draws out side air to make the house have positive pressure combined with the negative pressure under the house keeps radon gases from the inhabitants. A 5 year old boy about 40 years ago got cancer from radon gas in the home, prompting building codes to change.
The scary things about radon: it's enough heavier than air to pool in a basement; while quite rare, it's continuously renewed by radioactive decay of thorium and uranium; and though chemically almost inert (it's a noble gas) it's a very strong carcinogen because it's a beta emitter with a fairly short half life (= high radiation level relative to mass). Beta emitters are the safest radioactives to be around (beta doesn't penetrate much), but the worst to get inside you because the beta particles emitted inside your body damage cell DNA (that's how inhaled or ingested radioactives cause cancer).
Living in a house in a radon zone that has a basement and lacks radon mitigation is a higher lung cancer risk than smoking a pack a day of "red" cigarettes. And the radon zones in the US include most of the eastern side of the Appalachians -- states of Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania -- generally heavily populated regions.
@@SilntObsvr Well now hold on; if something behaves in a predictable way, it doesn't have to be so scary.
What about building a "Sub basement" or holding area below the main basement of the house?
Such a trap could not only collect radon, but also CO2.
In fact, if you had circulatory fans running the gas back up through ventilation fans under the driveway, it might make shoveling it in the winter just a bit easier.
@@TheNoiseySpectator A "sump" isn't a bad thing -- it's a great place to put an exhaust fan to push the radon outside so folks inside the house aren't exposed to it. Collecting it without removal is probably a bad idea -- when the sump is full, the main basement will still get it. Not to mention a room filled with CO2 and radon would be a suffocation trap...
@@SilntObsvr
Oops, that was intended for the Noisy Spectator. Sent without double checking.
At 0:30 when you have the photo, that is not the Kola Super Deep Borehole. That is the Mirny Mine in the Sakha Republic in eastern Siberia/Russian Far East. It’s an open pit diamond that has since closed in 2004.
The Kola Super Deep Borehole is on the Kola Peninsula northwest of Murmansk. It is also about 1ft wide and capped with a metal plate.
“The rarest element on earth”: Good teammates
KarmaXD Yup
Bet
LEROOOOY JENNKIINSS
Ah, I see you've played World of Tanks and World of Warships, in pub mode(random battles)!
@@patrickmcleod111 imagine playing wargaming or those war games in general LOL
The notion that platinum is better than gold comes from alchemy, where alchemists thought platinum was a mixture of silver and gold.
TyChaoz Or (more likely) that before the early 2010’s Platinum was always worth more than gold...
That’s pretty funny because mixing gold with silver makes it less valuable
was about to comment that...
The power of science!
@@cosmicbro1973 Why isn`t Platinum worth more than Gold anymore,did they find massive reserves of it somewhere?
Thank you - very informative
7:20 hey, actually the only color in neon signs that ever uses neon is red. the process is done by (recalling my 9th grade science here so possibly wrong) i think heating it, and each element gives off a different color.
Nope it lights up by having electricity thru it!!!
"...only a handfull of astatine atoms..."
Well, that is actually quite a lot then :-D
thats what i was thinking too
Lol, I know you're joking but Ty Wayne is dumb.
@@kuroarts6139 he might have been joking too
@@kuroarts6139 Ty is probably joking too
Kuro Arts chill on my man Ty Wayne he could be going through some stuff
**Time To Go In Creative Mode And See What It Is**
It keeps disappearing from my inventory
@KEVIN FENG damn it was a joke dude
Cosmo Squid Tower of hell
@KEVIN FENG they do if you install mods.
@KEVIN FENG r/wooosh bitch
Thank you for your Channel update God bless you
Excellent and very informative presentation.
Some of my friends are like Astatine, unstable
like my x wife
Some of my friends are like astatine, so rare i cant find them
Abbieq11: Sounds like every girl I have ever dated oh wait, must be me!
And only last a second
Oooops, I'm already a subscriber. So let me say kudos Mr Atlas Pro. If I may... while I've been to 45 countries and have watched all your vids on Geography and naming nomenclature, I'm a big elements geek, so if you have the desire, more of these please.
Love your work, squire !
- David.
Perth, Western Australia...
The most isolated (and parochial) regional capital in the world.
I'm glad to hear it! More nomenclature coming soon! Thanks for watchings :)
😮I’m shocked so cool I’m also learning about periodic elements.
All your videos are very interesting!
The Rarest Element Is Good Friend That Will Never Left You Behind.
English ma dude
@@justar5702 Maybe he doesn’t speak english as a main language
@@truvonne my bad
@@justar5702 Agreed.
@@truvonne there's no wrong in learning
The longest-lived naturally occurring isotope of astatine is astatine-219, with a half-life of just 56 seconds. This is why it is sometimes considered the rarest element. Astatine 209-211 have half lives measured in hours, but these are completely synthetic. They also produce astatine-210 in alpha particle bombardments of bsmuth-209, but astatine-210 mainly decays into polonium-210, which is extremely dangerous. Therefore, they try to avoid producing large amounts of astatine-210.
Your beginning shot of the Kola Superdeep Borehole is of a strip mine. Ge f-d.
Awesome video! Astatine as actually such an interesting element. :D
Question: How does your voice sound like an incredibly good synthesis?
Came for the rarest elements, presented with most common elements.
8:58
Keep watching he had to give the viewer context.
@@eugenecbell those shit sucks
@@fxexpert4541 You probably think you cute or funny. But nope.
@@Projectmusick nope. Try again
Thank you, i now know when about to drown underwater to inhale a bunch of rocks
Thanks for a neon sign info
"a handful of atoms" that's a whole dang lot!!!!
Aki Tenebricus yea, a couple quadrillion to be specific
i was thinking the exact same thing
@@vurve3406 Way more than a quadrillion buddy
@@computerolegy2336 quadrilion atoms wouldnt even be visible on the head of a pin if zoomed in lol 😂
@@ElderGod4 Although yes there are way more than that in a handful, your analogy is also incorrect cause the head of pin is i incredibly small and has way less atoms than the palm of your hand can fit lmfao 😂
Astatine: i'm the rarest element
Element 118:is it a common joke i'm too rare to understand
Are you here from Reigarw Comparisons?
Yes I am
Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element, but element 118 is the rarest man-made element as only a few atoms of 118 were made lasting less than a millisecond. Sorry if I’m late on this but I just thought I’d say.
@@afretty69 ok i didnt know thanks for telling me
I like how you illustrate the Kola Superdeep Borehole with a picture of a huge open cast mine. Because the Kola Superdeep Borehole is actually quite boring to look at.
Iridium tells its own story:
Iridium is a very rare element in the Earth's crust, but is found in anomalously high concentrations (around 100 times greater than normal) in a thin worldwide layer of clay marking the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods, 66 million years ago. This boundary is marked by a major extinction event, including that of the dinosaurs along with about 70% of all other species. The clay layer also contains small grains of shocked quartz and, in some places, small weathered glass beads thought to be tektites.
Some geologists believe the "Iridium Anomaly" was deposited by a meteorite impact on the Yucatan peninsula a few years back.
Iridium is not rare on earth, just rare in the crust.
@@Tugela60 I think you are missing the point.
@TheNoiseySpectator I am not missing the point. A lot of "rare" elements are not all that rare, they are just not accessible or not concentrated by natural processes.
The uranium part, being used in nuclear power plants, and more commonly than tin, is not completely right, because you mostly need a relatively rare isotope (U-235) of it. By far not all uranium is usable (directly) as power plant fuel.
No 235 has to be collected and in F6U gas
Then concentrated to level useful for fuel.
You mine regular uranium samples with less than a 1% of Uranium 235. Then you enrich them to obtain a sample with about a 4% of Uranium-235. Anyway, you are still using common uranium samples. Nuclear reactors don't use pure U235, not even nuclear weapons use pure U235
I've heard that uranium isn't actually all that common in AESs, but rather polonium (or palladium?) are used in its place
@@gabrieldehyrule Some reactors can use natural uranium, Hanford B ran on it, and CANDU can run on it as well. Nuclear weapons need to be at least 20% enriched but a weapon made with only 20% would be very heavy. Enrichment to somewhere over 40 or 50% is enough for a weapon, 80-90% makes it a bit lighter.
We need to name an element felonium, just to show that even the realm of physics has a criminal element.
Chemistry reading this: 😭
Elements are chemistry. What you do with them might pass into physics' territory, but it's mostly chemistry
@@alexandracenuse8762 Truthfully, the only reasons I use physics for this instead of chemistry are: 1 - the punchline flows better, and 2 - It was physics class in the 8th grade where I first learned the Periodic table.
I don't buy it. Sounds like a bunch of bolonium.
Physics is fine how you used it. The other guys is a bit off. Chemistry is physics. Atoms are physics. elements are physics. Everything from the smallest to the entire universe is physics.
@@nowthatsjustducky I've said it before, I'll say it again, we need new heavy metals to be named after Metal Bands and Artists.
NOT NEARLY LONG ENOUGH , BUT STILL VERY INTERESTING !
Very informative and enjoyable video.
Love this channel really high quality 👌
Thanks for watching!
@@AtlasPro1 I can't wait to see you at a million 👌the only thing holding you back is the RUclips algorithm ☢️
Haha I appreciate, here’s hoping :)
@mini francis STFU
I love how he says Kola Superdeep Borehole but shows a picture of the Mir Mine (0:30)
i like astatine because it’s the greatest element to theorize about
as in, “hey, don’t want to go to jail? just synthesize a kilogram of astatine! you won’t have to go to jail if there isn’t a jail anymore!”
Congratulations on a million subscribers!
"brother may I have just a little Neptunium?"
"Nahh..."
10:45
Nice phrase. "A handful of atoms"
Thats a buttload of atoms!
And a buttload is an even greater measurement.... Lol
i was thinking the exact same thing
I saw no mention of dilithium crystals. Gotta have that for the warp drives.
I thought you focused on island-themed videos? (Maybe add a piece on the island of stability?)