Africa's Borders are Fine, Actually
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- Опубликовано: 19 июл 2024
- Extra makes a 2 hour long apology video for a 95-5 like to dislike ratio
Captions are automatically on because my accent is hard to understand sometimes. You can turn it off if you disagree though!
Bibliography:
docs.google.com/document/d/1c...
The backgrounds were made with JasperRLZ's noclip.website
Some mistakes for the record: I rendered the video wrong because it only goes up to 480p, that's a little unfortunate, I hope it's not too much of a bother. Some images awkwardly jump from one place to another at the start of the video, because I'm not very good at editing, but I fixed it around 1.5. There are a couple citations in which I made small typos, but the bibliography should always have the correct sources. There are also a couple mic peaks which I really should've cut out, I'm gonna work on that going forward. Sorry for the trouble!
00:00:00 Intro skit
00:00:36 Introduction
00:05:31 A Microcosm (1.1 Mauritius, Seychelles and the Comoros)
00:13:30 To Forgive or to Forget (1.2 Rwanda)
00:20:39 Congratulations, you played yourself! (1.3 Sudan)
00:26:30 Pick your Poison (1.4 Kenya)
00:31:51 This Conflict was Sponsored by... (1.5 Ethiopia and Somalia)
00:42:43 Home is where the Identity Crisis is (1.6 Ivory Coast)
00:49:01 English [REDACTED], do you speak it!? (2.1 Sub-Saharan Africa)
00:53:46 Social Distancing (2.2 Tanzania)
00:58:53 Woops, the international languages are in conflict! (2.3 Cameroon)
01:02:49 And when every language is official... none will be (2.4 South Africa)
01:07:24 Plausible Deniability (3.1 Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco)
01:14:25 How to Radicalize your Religion (3.2 Mali and Libya)
01:17:52 An Unhealthy Dose of Everything (3.3 Nigeria)
01:25:41 Let's have a small break!
01:28:16 The African Union is not that effective (4.1 African Union)
01:38:02 The borders don't actually matter (4.2)
01:40:36 Now what? (5.0)
01:48:17 Let's have a nice talk!
Subscribe so that I can escape exile
Dude became an Africanologist just because a few people criticized his map
Now that's a character arc.
Is there any better reason to do anything?
he literrly got north africa so wrong....
I saw this comment and thought, “What does this mean?”. Within 10 minutes, I understood, and am amazed. The intellectual flexibility of OP is genuinely remarkable. Thank you for bringing this to our attention 🙏
@azathothog I mean lookat him saying europens are Islamophobia so thanking he knows anything while reading from Wikipedia is funny af
I grew up in Kenya and Tanzania, so I have a weird perspective of a foreigner who has spent their entire life in East Africa. One thing I'd like to point out about Tanzania is that one way the early government (especially under Nyerere) built cross-tribe connections was education. Despite the many, many, many shortcomings of Tanzanian education, they made secondary education mandatory (kind of) and free (kind of). But the key thing was that you didn't get to choose which school you went to, you were randomly (kind of) shuffled to any school in Tanzania. This meant that most people spent a large portion of their formative years in another tribe's area, which made Swahili more important as a lingua Franca, and lowered inter-tribe differences. For lots of people I know, they ended up settling where they were educated, and marrying someone they went to school with. So they might be ethnically Sukuma, and their spouse Maasai, but they live and work in Meru, and that's the only home their kids have ever known. You can also see this with how religion is distributed through Tanzania (and how there's significantly lower levels of religious tension in Tanzania compared to any other country so closely split between two religions), with a much lower coastal Muslim population that the rest of the East African coast, but also a Muslim population that extends father inland than the east of East Africa, and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the country. I think that education policy is one of the reasons that, no matter what people disliked about the ruling party (CCM), I never once heard opposition be drawn on religious or ethnic lines.
For that matter, CCM, having ruled from independence, has internally managed ethnic and religious factors very well. The president alternates between a Muslim and Christian, and their Vice President alternates inversely. Even though TZ is effectively a one-party state, the President is limited to two terms (and the President that introduced that law did so in his second term, and retroactively applied it to himself, banning himself from running for office again).
All that to say, Tanzania has lots of problems, but also has done wonders to make sure that religious and ethnic tensions are as close to non-existent as possible, which has allowed them to have reasonably fair distribution of government resources, relatively equal access to services and highways and the like, and relatively equal attention from the government.
Obviously I'm not Tanzanian (or African) either, but I loved this video, and it lines up well with everything I've been taught/researched/etc. ❤ the video!
Ooooh that's a lot of stuff I didn't know before, thank you! I didn't say a lot about why Swahili became Tanzania's lingua franca, so this really helps with contextualizing that.
Huh, that kind of sounds like why a lot of the countries in the Americas don't really have much inter ethnic and inter religious conflict, because the colonization homogenized things a lot. There are still conflicts along political lines but ethnic and religious ties really never come into it as basically everyone has some sort of mixed ancestry.
It does sound kind of sad that a lot of the regional ethnic identities will be eroded due to all this mixing, but I guess if it brings peace and prosperity then hey good for them.
And now you should read the Atlantic Magazine article, The Great Serngeti Land Grab:
How Gulf princes, the safari industry, and conservation groups are displacing the Maasai from the last of their Serengeti homeland
By Stephanie McCrummen
Sorry if too personal, but why wouldn't you be African if you grew up and live in Africa?
@@drezhb Same way as if an American grew up in Germany and was raised in Germany. he's not German.
"I say we should draw the borders like the vic2 ethnic map" - Otto Von Bismark
Lmao!
I thought it was Walpole?
lmao i was tired enough rn that i thought this was a real quote for a bit
***sigh*** ... I've made a severe and continuous lapse in my judgement, Africa's borders are fine, actually
We did it, bois. We bullied him into changing his opinion.
@@ElectrostatiCrowNow we will bully him into changing it back
They arent for somalia
extra had a lapse i judgement what do you mean they are fine they just dont end everybody but they not good
"I'm not here to justify the colonial Powers I hate this Straight lines They should be gay lines instead" -Extra in exile 2024
June 2024*
Gay lines is Israeli-US colonial policy for Africa
welcome back exile. good thing your back from isolation. we all needed it.
yeah
He’s back from EXILE 💀 From Siberia
Two hours? You spoil us. No wonder this was so hyped up for so long.
All this has taught me that "if you ever blame Europeans for what's happening in Africa - just look at Ethiopia".
I never really thought the map was meant to say African borders are terrible, but considering your answer to my comment, I guess you could've taken it this way; I'm sorry for it, great video regardless
Don't worry, I don't really remember any individual comments from that video besides the ones that came up a lot, like with the Adal/Oromia thing.
the exile has found its new extra
thank you!
Your content is in my opinion really important in the "scientifically-political niche" of RUclips, where funnily enough actual scientific working is not that prevalent as one would like to think.
I really enjoy your videos, because you don't just scream something out in the internet but actually try to back your points up, which are clearly your own opinion, this gives your points the authoritie they thusly deserve, while not acting as if you were an authority figure.
This way of acting is highly important in a more and more polarizing world of social media.
keep up the good work
Thank you, that's really nice to hear! I felt like my previous videos there were always some holes in my arguments because I didn't do my research properly, so I wanted to do that a bit more thoroughly this time. I think there are many other people in this niche who've done a better job at it than me though, 'cause I mostly copied them (Fredda for example).
Man did a deep-dive into the social sciences just because 5% of voters hard-disliked his most notable video.
If that isn't a character arc, then I don't know what is.
12:35 I think, as much as you've totally convinced me that ethnic diversity does not _inherently_ cause instability, I still think it'd be remiss not to point out that the _reason_ why a state may distribute its resources inequally... is *because* of ethnic conflicts, as with Sudan. Ruling power is one ethnicity in particular, or those ethnicities have a _history_ of conflict already > active attempts are made to snub the region with the not-in-power ethnic group > separatist movements.
edit: you pretty much cover this in 20:50 so that's cool
Other examples: Scotland (history of conflict + relative underinvestment), Tibet (basically undergoing colonisation, so although plenty of investment, also plenty of conflict)... Catalonia's an interesting one, because their argument is that they're _propping up_ the rest of Spain, which I think... is a bit of a selfish reason to secede, but whatever
Yeah it is kind of like a cycle between unequal distribution of resources and conflicts that make it worse and worse.
The idea that Africa would become developed had it just been divided into 100 billion landlocked states with a GDP of 17 USD puzzles me
Ethnic federations, like Ethiopia, could do the country a lot of good. Just because someone argues for african states to have coherent identities doesn't mean they want every single scant tribe to have their own nation.
It’s crazy how much people suggest ethnostates in Africa but treat it like fascism(which it kind of is) at home.
The immigrants in Europe will return back eventually. They are guests at the hospitality of the Europeans. For the Americans, Australians, Canadians, etc,, do I believe that a single race should continue to dominate (Europeans) but the concept of ethnostate there should not exist.
@@rewarp4017I'd like a view inside your mind. Must be a scary place.😊
@@rewarp4017the immigrants from Europe should return, yes
@@rewarp4017 The Irish that came to America especially during the potato famine in Ireland never returned back to Ireland even after the famine was long over.
@@rewarp4017 well unfortunately for you, americans, canadians, australians, new zealanders etc. will continue to be the way that they are, they are known for being multicultural societies for a reason, for example canada's population is 25% immigrants and will only be increasing, your dreams of white dominated nations ain't happening anytime soon pal
If all Africa needed was to have nation states then Somalia and South Sudan would be wonderful paradises.
South Sudan is not a nation state at all.
Somalia is missing its land
somalia is missing alot of land
There would be 3000+ COUNTRIES IN AFRICA
@@shafsteryellowIt won't ever get it back
The exile has found it's new extra.
South Africa isn't as linguistically diverse as it pretends to be.
The real number of languages is around 6. Cause a lot of them are similar enough to be the same language.
Zimbabwe is shockingly not majority shona. It's just the language favoured for communication among locals. But some of the languages like Ndebele are similar to languages like Zulu.
Is that true? Based on my understanding, many dialects of what claims to be the same language often has quite low intelligibility. I've talked to Akan speaking Ghanaians who told me they found it hard to understand other Akan speaking Ghanaians and actually prefer to speak to them in Pidgin. They even write their language in different writing systems
Edit: I read this as West Africa lol. I'll leave the comment here as a monument to my inability to read. Cheers
@@micayahritchie7158 😂
Not true. South africa should have more languages that the one recognized in fact..khooekhoegowab,bachana, hlubi...etc many languages and cultures died and were forced to become Zulu or xhosa. Some of these cultures are now fighting for recognition as separate nations.Then there are different San and khoe khoe languages with various clients clicks which are not mutually intelligible.
@@XolaWanders The Khoisan languages deserve me recognition. I agree with that. Hlubi is a dialect of Xhosa. From a linguistics perspective, isiXhosa, isiZulu, siSwati, and isiNdebele are the same language. They all share at least 90% of the same words. They only exist separately due to cultural reasons. Other languages like Sesotho, Setswana, and Sepedi would also benefit from being standardized into one language.
We have to be honest with ourselves as a country that we aren't as linguistically diverse as we like to pretend we are.
@@XolaWanders The problem with the Khoisan languages is that they have very few speakers left. There's also that whole thing of coloured people claiming the Khoisan for political reasons.
This was a great video! Being half Ghanaian myself, I this video went over a lot of things that are completely accurate about Africa.
This video legitimately changed my life extra, thank you for making this masterpiece.
This is my first video of yours I have watched and and blown away by how well researched and written it is. I have always had an interest in learning about Africa both in its history and how its has been developing in modern times and am let down by how often the continent is ignored or has very surface level research/writing done in media. I very much appreciate the materialist/scientific approach you take in the video to explain Africas conditions but also how you are able to show the point of view of the nations, groups, and tribes throughout. I'm rambling at this point but to sum up: Amazing video and hope to see more long form content from you in the future, kudos!
2 hours?! I got my phone as soon as I got the notification, even though it's 6 minutes past 12am here, but this one might have to wait until morning.
Great video! I started learning more about Africa's history and trying to understand geopolitics, and so I found your video to be extremely interesting! Honestrly there are movies that couldn't hold me as glued to my screen as your video lol
Hey this is an awesome work! You did a really good job studing the countries and even suggesting solutions, i bet it could even be an academic paper with couple of changes!!
Babe, wake up, Extra is back and he's more extra than ever
Welcome back, I wasn't expecting this today, but I'm sure here for it.
Amazons Video, watched every second of it! Keep up the good work, not many youtubers can make a 2 hour video this entertaining!
Love to see your content growing bigger in scale. Nice personality
I love that last section! Research is intimidated, so I love hearing someone share the joy in it and share their readings!
The exile has found its new extra
I didn't think about a 2 hour long video , but still that amazing
I just want to write this as a European, who isn't knowledgable in Africa at all. You in my eyes made a hell of a good job. This is basically on the level of an academic paper and I feel overjoyed, that I have access to this for free.
Woah a two hour long extra in exile video? My day just got ten times better!
This is gonna be a long one
So glad i found you my guy
So, let me tell you my experience as a Ugandan born and bred, about the borders in Africa and my thoughts on it. And my country in general too.
The borders are shit. Most of them (barring the North Africans) only exist as they do coz they were the former colonial administrative units.
Uganda as a colony/protectorate grew from the at the time strongest feudal kingdom. North and West of Lake Victoria. With the usual methods of unequal treaties and arming one faction to the detriment of others. I don't want to say divide and conquer, the Kingdoms were fighting each other on and off for centuries now. And it was never obvious that the Brits had conquered us until there was a change in status quo that a leader didn't particularly like. They're called Agreements. Like the 1900 Buganda Agreement. Or the 1901 Ankole Agreement.
It sounds like a simple trade deal, when we know the respective kingdoms gave up their destiny
The situation right now is ....mixed. Tribes like congregating together and talking and being together even when not in their "homelands"
We are polite to other tribes to make living easier if nothing else. And we can happily form close bonds of friendship with those from other tribes. Even the rare marriage.
But what we have in this country is a professional coworkers relationship with other tribes, and things can go either way. Bad or good.
Why is this?? In the beginning immediately after independence tribalism was the order of the day. It was very very bad. The first Prime Minister was openly racist. Everyone treated democracy like a game to win, especially by cheating.
What the current government did, starting a civil war was incontestably a good thing. But of course, the Revolution came full circle. They're not as bad as the guy before but thats like saying freezing point is hotter than absolute zero
The current ruling party style of ruling is a hands off sort of thing. They allow opposition parties to exist, but they can't actually spread their politics effectively. They're not allowed to hold rallies, their offices are periodically raided for flimsy reasons etc. Cut them off at their knees. Crucially its not a Russia style gulag if you look at the president funny. He allows opposition and opposing opinions and shit. The ones with the potential to be threats are harrassed a bit with a sprinkling of kidnapping and torture to keep them on their toes, but not truly that vigilant. Normal citizens are allowed to hate the rulers. What are they gonna do, vote for someone else. That hasn't worked in 30 years it's not gonna start now
And yes, as mentioned in the video, the big man tends to favour his tribe in patronage. But not to a resentment inducing level.
So, some are resentful of some tribes. Some have negative stereotypes about some tribes. It could be better. It could be worse.
Anyway, throughout our struggles, very very very few people ever suggested secession. The ones that did weren't taken seriously to the point that i only heard about that mess after the fact. We are stuck with eachother and we're content with that.
Some countries really do need a reorganization to sort themselves out. DRC simply shouldn't exist as a single entity. It's too messy.
Some multiethnic countries by constrast are fine. And are getting better.
Could the Europeans have organized the borders more intelligently. They could've. It would require them to spend lots of money in surveys and creating administrative structures. They chose not to, because the countries as they were were unstable and shaky and ripe for exploitation even having achieved independence. I wouldn't have made such an altruistic decision if i was in their shoes. And I'm normal
We really should be looking to the future and planning a positive one instead of looking to the past in search of reasons for our failings. Look to it yes, learn the harsh lessons taught and move on.
Thank you! Comparing the relationships between different groups to relationships between professional coworkers is really interesting, but that does make sense!
Congolese love their country and have fought for it to exist. You as a non-congolese don't have a say in that. Foreigners are the reason it is messy
The fact I watched this video to the end shows how much of a great video this was! Keep up the great work!
Good job, in this research video.
In fact, this is a rare countryball youtuber, let alone history/political/social youtuber in general that cites actual research papers and books and make a longer video.
And it's even rarer for a countryball youtuber to site more than 2 to 5 sources, and you use multiple sources to build your argument instead of just using one source as the main source through the whole video, with a few other sources to make a small rebuttal and support to supplement their main source, like most uni students who just want to finish their research essays to get a decent grade.
Honestly I don't subscribe to the idea that if borders in Africa or the middle east were better drawn everyone would just get along, and that it's Europeans fault that everyone hates each other. It just feels like one is just trying to find an easy and anti-colonial excuse for it. Yeah they were poorly drawn, but you'd be kidding yourself if you think they wouldn't all hate each other.
My guess as to why these places are in such a mess would be that by the time colonialism ended, these countries were thrown into a global market that they were not at all ready for, no education, no industry no institutions. Just raw resources that everyone wanted to buy, which in turn made the most effective way to make a living to just try and take control over as many of these resources, sell them off and not develop anything beyond what's necessary to secure the raw resources.
What about the countires that wete fairly successful post colonialism and the Zimbabwe tier states.
Yeah he basically says that in the video but without ignoring that colonialism was bad
the borders are just a small part of the problem in some places they could be better like in south Africa or Nigeria but in other places it would make no difference like in Cameroon . and some of them were not made up by Europeans like Ethiopia and even some countries like Uganda and Rwanda existed before the Europeans came and are similar to pre colonial times.
First channel I ever subbed to, and it was absolutely worth it!
This was an interesting documentary to watch, through. Well done. As yet an other European, this helps me to understand Africa abit more, since I nevere really got in touch with Africa or what so ever. Thank you so much.
Love this channel so much, crazy how much your content has improved since I first started watching.
@ExtraInExile thanks for making this video. You hit the nail on the head and even brought up things I didn't think of before such as using native language in educatuon. I hope this means a lot coming from a Nigerian!
P.S.1:48:10 ...that was a very *brave* move putting this is an Africa video.
(just laugh at that joke please)
FInaly, Extra in Exile is back! This video was probably your best yet, it was really informative, you did a lot of research, it was awesome! I enjoyed every second of your new movie!
(Vexillology volumes and lore drop when?)
This was supposed to come out at the beginning of my trip, glad it came out at the end.
specifically citing when things are your own thoughts is awesome
Its a happy day when Extra-Exile upload
He's back baby!
man for the effort u put into this u deserve more views
As someone who gave you shit for your first African borders video, I’m only 11 minutes into this new video, and I already think you did a better job with it.
Well done!
This is such an incredibly good video omg
The legend is back!!!!
Another goated video from the legend
splendid return
He’s back!!!
As someone who's been subscribed since the first video on african borders I can confidently say that this is your best video yet!
BOTSWANA MENTIONED
Rahhh
I can't wait to watch a new video from this channel 🙏
He isn’t back from exile, but he’s back from his hard work.
He is finally back
Oh my God, two damn hours, this definitely makes up for the last 10 months
Might be a mistake but the vid is only available to up to 480p
this is still true
i think its because (unless chosen otherwise) when uploading a video it first uploads in 480 and then begins uploading higher resolutions which take way longer it happens to me
@@Jahommmmmmtirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrmakes sense since this video is almost 2 HOURS LONG
Looks pretty good for 480p.
“At least I hope it’s 30 minutes”
I think that bro went gambling
Pan Africanists real quiet after this dropped.
Am here
I repeat he is back
After a good half year or spoilers, it’s finally here!
He’s back!
Holy shit 2 hours. This is gonna be good
Amazing video, and a truly fascinating subject
The king is back!
The "redrawing the borders would ruin the progress" is similar to why i think that the us borders should not change even if its ugly im from Colorado and whenever someone groups us with Nebraska or something it doesn't make sense to me thats why i think us and african broders may look ajd function poorly if they change it will ruin something
what a great 30 minute video!
he has returned
Banger video, you got a new subscriber :)
I like EMB…
Also I recognize different scenes from the community posts
I remember being somewhat irked by the original video so I was rlly happy to see this lol
come on they're gonna send me in exile too! dangit
New extra video let's gooooo
Really good video. Don't be too hard on yourself man!!!
That's pretty cool. I didn't know you could force captions on your video.
Incredible video! Loved the performance at 1:38:01 ! Best part of this video!
crazy how people who watched this when it was posted so far didnt even finish it yet
just give all of Africa to Nauru smh
Not today Satan
HE IS BACK!
He came back with an entire movie
2 hour long animated video essay.... YOU MAD LAD
Thanks for playing super mario galaxy music in the background
2 hours well spent, have not seen a video in a while where almost every point is backed up by thorough research and I actually feel like I've learned a lot.
48:56
Kenyan students UNDERSTAND what their teacher is saying, they speak the same language (English), there is progress on better schools, and they want to learn!
My 5th grade teacher taught there on trips sometimes!
What a nice video, although I probably needed a repeat viewing in order to fully understand the video...can't wait to see how you cover the fireworks factory explosion that is the 2024 Eurovision...
P/s:1:48:33, Btw, do you like to read manga...?
welcome back Extra!
Your point on the use of native languages is weird. English being used in the classroom does not at all mean the native language isn't being used in the classroom, it is, alongside English. African countries also have their native languages as national languages that are taught alongside the official language. It's also weird that you represented the entirety of sub-sahara Africa as having an English based education when much of the countries in Africa are Francophone (French speaking) and Lusophone(Portuguese speaking).
Please make a deep dive video on ASEAN/Southeast Asia just like with Africa :)).
That's what we call "character development"
Great video!
yeaaaa he is back yeaaaaaaa
So thorough i rewatched multiple times to retain every detail of a very forgotten country.
(joke please read How to write about Africa article)
Greetings from a latam fan, kinda wish there were something like this for "Mexico"
I watched your Africa border video on my birthday actually. Also 13:32 there’s a movie called Hotel Rwanda that takes place in this event
This man disappeared for 6 months and dropped an extensive and comprehensive explanation on the entire continent of Africa
This video has been up for over 3 hours and RUclips still refuses to process it for me in a higher resolution than 480p. Is that happening for anyone else, or was rendering this video in 480p was the only way Extra could even get this video out at all?
I would say this isnt Africa's borders being fine so much as it is, 'Messing with the borders is more trouble than its worth at this point' but i'd also argue that was exactly what was decided on at the Organisation of African Unity conference of 1964 anyway so we already knew that.
On the education point, it seems like public education is the problem. Having a top-down education system means the majority is (allegedly) served, at the expense of minorities. Imagine if instead, a charter school system was used, where parents could shop around for the kind of school that best served their student. Montessori education should also be encouraged, especially for early elementary, as it requires much less direct instruction and much more student-led exploration being guided by the teachers. Therefore, language becomes less of an issue. Plus, Montessori specifically built her system with stopping atrocities in mind.
I sincerely think that any african government that actually wants to have a worthwhile education system should focus on giving grants to their citizens, both to study the Montessori method, as well as to start their own charter schools.
Exile is back from exile