Jack The German Shepherd Transformation. 1 to 9 months 🥰

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 23 дек 2024

Комментарии •

  • @manreet_singh635
    @manreet_singh635 5 месяцев назад +16

    Kon kon recharge mehnga hone se pareshaan hai 😤

  • @LearningZoneLanguages
    @LearningZoneLanguages 2 месяца назад +7

    German Shepherd is one of the most beautiful dogs😍😘

  • @mgarcia2445
    @mgarcia2445 5 месяцев назад +12

    Beautiful boy, then and now! God bless and protect him always. I had a beautiful black shepherd for 13 wonderful years, my buddy. Miss him every day.♥

  • @darmendarsahu6653
    @darmendarsahu6653 7 месяцев назад +6

    Hamare gsd ka bhi naam jack he . First time pat owner I am happy

  • @kepler3654
    @kepler3654 Месяц назад

    Beautiful dog. I lost my German Shepherd 2 years ago. They are an amazing breed and yours looks very happy! :)

  • @AmarRaghu
    @AmarRaghu Год назад +3

    Mera bhi GSD hai 51 days ka , mein bohut confusion mei hu ki exactly kya khilana padega aap please bataoge iska weight 2.1kgs hai aur age 51 days , feed kya duu ??

    • @BIGB_gajju
      @BIGB_gajju Год назад +1

      Royal kenan do bhai 1 mahine me prhcahan nhi paugr

    • @AmarRaghu
      @AmarRaghu Год назад +1

      @@BIGB_gajju ok . Kitna quantity dena padega ?

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад +1

      Royal canin do bhai fir dekhna result

    • @AmarRaghu
      @AmarRaghu Год назад +1

      @@manreet4429please quantity kitna dena hai 2month puppy ko batayiye ji ?

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад +1

      @@AmarRaghu aap apne puppy ke hisab se de skte ho (Royal canin puppy mini)

  • @SHIVA_FFM
    @SHIVA_FFM 8 месяцев назад +2

    So beautiful ❤❤

  • @marymcwhorter1236
    @marymcwhorter1236 2 месяца назад

    How handsome!!! ❤

  • @lindawatts5102
    @lindawatts5102 3 месяца назад

    Beautiful little fur baby 💓

  • @Memesdonya
    @Memesdonya 6 месяцев назад +1

    Beautiful pet ❤

  • @subhajitdas6544
    @subhajitdas6544 8 месяцев назад +1

    Very adorable ❤

  • @sagar_244
    @sagar_244 2 месяца назад

    Cute dog 🐶🐶🐶🐕🐕🐕🐕

  • @FNTGAMERZ
    @FNTGAMERZ 8 месяцев назад +2

    Thank you for treating and taking care of a dog that never got to live this life most people in India think dogs dont have feelings and are just animals thank you 😢.

  • @MakdaaaMAN
    @MakdaaaMAN 11 месяцев назад +4

    So cute German Shepherd

  • @SUDIPHALDEE
    @SUDIPHALDEE 4 месяца назад

    so sweet ❤😍

  • @Movieclips_U4
    @Movieclips_U4 8 месяцев назад +3

    Bhai mera gsd raat ko rone lagta hai fhir mai use sula deta hu thodi der baad wo dobara rone lagta hai.. Aapke sath bhi esa hua hai kya? Koi solution batado please

    • @BraddysReagent
      @BraddysReagent 8 месяцев назад +1

      Mtlb aap usko pyar nhi kr rhe ho jo usko milna chaiye

    • @Movieclips_U4
      @Movieclips_U4 8 месяцев назад +1

      @@BraddysReagent Bhai ab usne rona bandh kardiya bass pahle 2 din roya tha

    • @rk_thakor7487
      @rk_thakor7487 7 месяцев назад

      Same problem uske pass Hume rehna chahiye tab vo nahi royega

  • @kumaradarsh1998
    @kumaradarsh1998 9 месяцев назад +1

    What a beautiful gsd🐾...well maintained 👌👌
    Broo what do you do to handle ticks during summer and rainy season.... Please respond

    • @karanbk822
      @karanbk822 9 месяцев назад

      Use tick spray or powder

    • @kumaradarsh1998
      @kumaradarsh1998 9 месяцев назад +1

      I am well aware of what to use....i need to know the brand of the product (spray, powder, spot-on)....there are several brands that are useless tbh...😅

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  7 месяцев назад +1

      Only tablet

    • @kumaradarsh1998
      @kumaradarsh1998 7 месяцев назад

      @@manreet4429 which tablet bro....ye bhi btaa do.... I'll check with my vet and start it

  • @Charnjeetsinghahalupur
    @Charnjeetsinghahalupur 13 часов назад

    Veere 9 mahine tak Diet plan Ki Dinde C Tuci plz reply

  • @parasrana7562
    @parasrana7562 6 месяцев назад +1

    Bahi gsd puppy ke kitne age me ears stand ho jate hai pls reply ?

  • @BROKEN-INTROVERT
    @BROKEN-INTROVERT Месяц назад +1

    is this is long coat or double coat

  • @rubina5712
    @rubina5712 19 дней назад

    😃😃😃😃👌👌👌👍😅

  • @pets_world001
    @pets_world001 3 месяца назад +1

    Bhai mera german shepherd 35 days ka h lekin uski tail maximum time upar se roll hoti h puri jab walk yaa running karta h. Kabhi kabhi straight niche ko kar leta h. Uske alawa baki sb bahut acha h. Toh yeh mix breed toh nhi h n? (Reputed seller se liya h)

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Месяц назад

      Ab uske kaan khade hai ya nahin?

    • @pets_world001
      @pets_world001 Месяц назад +1

      @manreet4429 tail toh sidhi ho gai h. Ek kaan toh hr time khada hi rehta h. Lekin dusra kaan kabhi khada aur kabhi baith jata. Jb soo k uthta h tb khade. Aur khana khate time bhi.

  • @shamit9516
    @shamit9516 2 месяца назад

    konsa coat hai yeh?

  • @alineripoll1524
    @alineripoll1524 8 месяцев назад

    Ils sont magnifiques ses petits chiots ❤❤

  • @nabilasaib7804
    @nabilasaib7804 10 месяцев назад +1

    Super trop beau

  • @sabaristalin2925
    @sabaristalin2925 6 месяцев назад

    What are you feeding to gsd. Pls tell me

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  6 месяцев назад

      Milk,roti and pedigree

    • @Pkjain1962
      @Pkjain1962 5 месяцев назад

      Milk roti nahi khata bhai😢kabhi kabhi khata h ​@@manreet4429

  • @habibaziat6238
    @habibaziat6238 Год назад +5

    ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @bhargabtalukdar3944
    @bhargabtalukdar3944 9 дней назад

    Mera puppy ka ear khada nhi ho raha kya kru

  • @BROKEN-INTROVERT
    @BROKEN-INTROVERT Месяц назад

    work line or showline

  • @Lb08186
    @Lb08186 5 месяцев назад

    Hello GSD very good Breed, God bless longtime leave 😢😢😢😢😢😢😢

  • @hardeepkaur4995
    @hardeepkaur4995 6 месяцев назад

    Mera puppy 2 month ka hai.... Osko kya diet de.... Plz reply jror karna... Garmi me ose kya khana chahiye

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  6 месяцев назад

      Dahi ya fir koi thandi cheez jese kheera watermelon

    • @hardeepkaur4995
      @hardeepkaur4995 6 месяцев назад

      Kya egg abhi de sakte h garmi me

  • @mrbro1283
    @mrbro1283 9 месяцев назад

    My German shepherd 9 Months Not Barking for Strangers, what to do?

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  9 месяцев назад

      Mujhe is baare me nahi pata brother

  • @amitsrivastava4702
    @amitsrivastava4702 Год назад +4

    Nice Dog

  • @RamKing143-l1b
    @RamKing143-l1b 9 месяцев назад

    👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌

  • @chinecheremedeh
    @chinecheremedeh 6 месяцев назад

    Sir or Ma,Please what food do you feed him Im from Nigeria with a 4.5months old gsd and came to this video I think hes growing right but id like to know

  • @abhishekchaudhary9603
    @abhishekchaudhary9603 Год назад +9

    My German also 9 month old

    • @mastercarvideo9062
      @mastercarvideo9062 10 месяцев назад

      Bhai kitne me liya tha 😊

    • @OT1-GOD
      @OT1-GOD 9 месяцев назад

      Bro gsd ka monthly kharcha kitna a sakta hai plzz reply

    • @md.zulfiquarzulkernainrobi9602
      @md.zulfiquarzulkernainrobi9602 9 месяцев назад

      @@OT1-GOD 2000 rs agar ap homemade denge to. dog food or chicken jada denge do 4000 rs per month par jayga

    • @OT1-GOD
      @OT1-GOD 9 месяцев назад

      @@md.zulfiquarzulkernainrobi9602 homemade diet bta do please

    • @FNTGAMERZ
      @FNTGAMERZ 8 месяцев назад

      2:06 never ever do that to a dog

  • @vishavrajjadhav7484
    @vishavrajjadhav7484 7 месяцев назад

    Bhai farsh pr Rakhne se Leg bend hotaye kya ?

  • @antidote9239
    @antidote9239 7 месяцев назад

    Bhai mere pas bhi gsd ppi hai me usko royal canin du kya royal canin 200 rupees ka aa jaye ga please reply

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  7 месяцев назад

      Nahi kam se kam 800 ka 1kg ayega

  • @divyesingh7512
    @divyesingh7512 5 месяцев назад

    hi i recently got three months old gsd can u tell me what food is safe for her and what's not

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  4 месяца назад

      All food safe but avoid spicy and lemon

  • @navdeepchoudhary232
    @navdeepchoudhary232 7 месяцев назад

    gsd ke puppy ki normal range ky rehti h bhai

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  7 месяцев назад

      7000 to 40,000 according to genetics

  • @rupabagui8038
    @rupabagui8038 Год назад +3

    I like short coat

  • @slickchick5811
    @slickchick5811 Год назад +5

    CUTE AND PUFFY

  • @PuranRawat-f3q
    @PuranRawat-f3q Год назад +1

    Bhai merepas bhi 1.6 month ka doubol cort ka he usako feed me kya khilaye me nepal se hu me abhi milk or bread mix kark khilata hu

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад +1

      Use feed me royal canin do

    • @watermelon7764
      @watermelon7764 10 месяцев назад

      Dont give milk milk creates worm in there stomach for some reason

    • @BikramjeetSingh-tj7ln
      @BikramjeetSingh-tj7ln 8 месяцев назад

      ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਬਾਈ ਕੁੱਤੀ ਆ ਡਬਲ ਕੋਟ ਚ 100 ਦਿਨ ਦੀ ਹੋ ਗਈ ਉਹ ਮੋਟੀ ਨੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਕੀ ਕਾਰਨ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਏ

  • @Stump_Line
    @Stump_Line 9 месяцев назад

    Awesome video

  • @KrishnaReddyByReddy
    @KrishnaReddyByReddy 3 месяца назад

    Hii madam garu
    Jarman sharped dog
    Male price

  • @jaimecortez-iq8jm
    @jaimecortez-iq8jm 2 месяца назад

    ❤😊

  • @Khon-Bhoi
    @Khon-Bhoi 4 месяца назад

    I have a German Shepherd now she is 2month so plz tell me how to take care her.

  • @VishalJasaliya
    @VishalJasaliya 9 месяцев назад

    I miss you my gsd dog Ranu...😭

    • @monikasahu7628
      @monikasahu7628 9 месяцев назад

      Kitne year me apke dog ranu ki death ho gyi h reply

  • @rammurtigodara6275
    @rammurtigodara6275 5 месяцев назад

    Ye dog puppy kitne ka aayega please koi price bataye

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  5 месяцев назад +1

      Mene 15000 ka liya tha

  • @d.sanjeevareddyd.sanjeevar1638
    @d.sanjeevareddyd.sanjeevar1638 11 месяцев назад +1

    Iwant German shepherd dog

  • @samarislive5230
    @samarislive5230 11 месяцев назад +2

    I have lost my leo german from distemper diseases Plzz stay safe from stray dogs 😢

  • @tanoysaha4424
    @tanoysaha4424 9 месяцев назад

    konsa coat hai gsd ka ?

  • @TheAastikThakur
    @TheAastikThakur Год назад +1

    Kya 3 month ke gsd ko chicken feet de skte h reply plz

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад +2

      Haa bhai de sakte hai par kam quantity me

  • @Deepanmol0
    @Deepanmol0 8 месяцев назад

    Konsi coat
    Hae

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  8 месяцев назад

      Long coat

    • @Deepanmol0
      @Deepanmol0 8 месяцев назад

      Kade coat aa bae

    • @Deepanmol0
      @Deepanmol0 8 месяцев назад

      Bro Mara lol German male aa coat conform kardo bro plz

  • @Jacky0045
    @Jacky0045 6 месяцев назад +1

    Bhai mera gsd puppy 3 month ka hogya hai par kaan nahi khade kar rahaa pls reply 95 days kaa ho gya hai

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  6 месяцев назад

      Koi baat nahi karlega no problem

  • @McaCreative6
    @McaCreative6 10 месяцев назад

    Monthly maintenance how much bro

  • @pallavrajput6271
    @pallavrajput6271 9 месяцев назад

    Bhai aap khane ky kya dete ese

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  9 месяцев назад +1

      pedigree roti milk

    • @ParveenKumar-jb9zw
      @ParveenKumar-jb9zw 9 месяцев назад

      Bhai g milk daily रूटीन me de skthe hai ​@@manreet4429

  • @SharmilaSeeroo
    @SharmilaSeeroo 10 месяцев назад

    I also have a sweet. Friendly and very naughty German shepherd dog named C00PER

  • @rajatatram9745
    @rajatatram9745 Год назад +1

    Ye long coat hyy kya ya double cote

  • @digipannal6065
    @digipannal6065 Год назад +1

    Muje 2 harjr ka chota puppy dog chiye jarman ya hyskay

  • @CYLHAPPYPB11
    @CYLHAPPYPB11 3 месяца назад

    Bhai kitne ka liya or kha se liya please 🙏 reply

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  2 месяца назад

      Retgarh (sangrur) Punjab
      15000

  • @tom6148
    @tom6148 7 месяцев назад +3

    Rona aa gaya bhai dekh kar me kab khridunga

  • @manjushakujur6482
    @manjushakujur6482 8 месяцев назад

    My puppy is only 1.5 months i purchased but he bite too much y ?

    • @Jacksebastian-tl5to
      @Jacksebastian-tl5to 8 месяцев назад

      Its common playfully it might restrict it hold its mouth for some seconds and try there are varioud steps to follow

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  7 месяцев назад +2

      No problem thoda bada hoga fir nahi karega

  • @chanduchinaa5598
    @chanduchinaa5598 9 месяцев назад

    How to tell bathroom training for that dog

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  9 месяцев назад

      Hamara dog apne aap seekh gaya

  • @Abhayfun23
    @Abhayfun23 3 месяца назад

    Price

  • @ritikji1999
    @ritikji1999 10 месяцев назад

    Bhai wait kitna hai aapke gsd ka aur kya diet khilate ho genuine hi batana bro

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  10 месяцев назад +1

      Early morning - 2-3 Bowl pedigree
      After noon - 500ml milk with 4 roti
      Evening - 700ml milk with 4 roti

    • @ritikji1999
      @ritikji1999 10 месяцев назад +1

      Thanks for the reply bhaiya...........weight bhi bta dijiyega ki kitna hai...
      Kyunki mera GSD 10 months ka hai bus uska weight hi nhi badhta hai aur to aur vo Khana hi nhi khata ha i

    • @ritikji1999
      @ritikji1999 10 месяцев назад +1

      Thanks for the reply bhaiya...........weight bhi bta dijiyega ki kitna hai...
      Kyunki mera GSD 10 months ka hai bus uska weight hi nhi badhta hai aur to aur vo Khana hi nhi khata ha i

  • @OT1-GOD
    @OT1-GOD 9 месяцев назад

    Bro gsd ka monthly kharcha kitna ata hai plzz reply

  • @parthsingh1433
    @parthsingh1433 11 месяцев назад +1

  • @SantoshGupta-qb1xc
    @SantoshGupta-qb1xc 3 месяца назад

    I'm from Nepal.I want to buy German shepherd puppy.Can you deliver in Nepal

  • @theliyadhucheppanu2442
    @theliyadhucheppanu2442 Год назад +1

    Is it double coat or single coat

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад +3

      Double bro

    • @anewbeginning31
      @anewbeginning31 5 месяцев назад +1

      All GSDs are double coated. Only difference is medium or long coat

    • @sreerags5849
      @sreerags5849 4 месяца назад

      ​@@anewbeginning31 No, working lines are short coat

  • @onefive5786
    @onefive5786 Год назад +1

    good

  • @viramodedara2757
    @viramodedara2757 7 месяцев назад

    ❤❤❤❤❤❤🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉

  • @Momanbm5
    @Momanbm5 11 месяцев назад

    Bro mujy 1 baat jan ni hai 49 din sy pehly is ki tail curl hai mera german b long coat hai or age us ki 49 din hai us ki b tail same ap k dog jesi hai jesi is ki 49 din sy pehly thi poochna yeh tha k tail is age main aisi e hoti hai?

    • @cuteanimal633
      @cuteanimal633 11 месяцев назад +1

      YES BRO MERA GERMAN SHEPHERD KI BI CURL THI TAIL JAB YE PORY 4 MONTHS KA HOJAI GA TO SAHI HOJA YI GA
      NO PROBLEM BRO

    • @cuteanimal633
      @cuteanimal633 11 месяцев назад +1

      YA AGE KI SATH SEDHI OR NICHI HOJA YI GY

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  11 месяцев назад +1

      No problem brother original hai thode time baad thik ho jaygi

  • @DeVMaraK-f2s
    @DeVMaraK-f2s 11 месяцев назад

    Jackup ka thoda aggressive video nhi h ? Jisme wo dusre jaanwaro pr thoda aggressive ho rha ho

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  11 месяцев назад +2

      Hota to hai par kabhi vedio nahi banai abh bnayege bro dekh lena ❤️

    • @DeVMaraK-f2s
      @DeVMaraK-f2s 11 месяцев назад

      @@manreet4429 okk bro

  • @Arpit_khedia24
    @Arpit_khedia24 9 месяцев назад

    Apne jack ko train kiya hai kya

  • @vansh6421
    @vansh6421 11 месяцев назад +1

    ਜੈਕ ਬੈਸਟ ਕੁਆਲਿਟੀ ਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੀ

  • @JaiYadav385
    @JaiYadav385 Год назад +2

    Mere ko bhi long coat German Shepherd Lena hai

  • @gamingindia9573
    @gamingindia9573 Год назад +3

    Mare ghar maya v ak gsd tha lakin 1 year pahale us ka death ho gaya ..... Us ka yead kar k maya roj ro ta hu ... Lakin avi or dog nahi le sakta ghar maya or pasa he nahi ha ... Kaya karu roj us ma pic dakh kar ro na sibai or kuch nahi kar sakta.. jab pasa hoga tab ak lunga tab tak ro na k siba or kuch nahi...... I really miss my dog 😭

  • @JasleenKaur-fh2er
    @JasleenKaur-fh2er 6 месяцев назад

    I also have German Shepherd puppy 38 days old😊😊

  • @HARMANDANDIWAL12420
    @HARMANDANDIWAL12420 11 месяцев назад

    Brother ehda coat medium aa k

  • @statuschannel4353
    @statuschannel4353 Год назад

    Kitne price liya ha bhai

  • @vedavathisajja
    @vedavathisajja 10 месяцев назад

    What is the cost of German shephered?

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  10 месяцев назад

      Original puppy male 9000 to 15 thousand
      Female - 7000 to 13000

  • @கடல்கண்ணன்சி

    Super.dog

  • @AdityaBhattacharjee-vv6jd
    @AdityaBhattacharjee-vv6jd Год назад +1

    Ya dog kya coat ha

  • @parthgaming6736
    @parthgaming6736 9 месяцев назад

    🥺❤️

  • @adityakalkal5733
    @adityakalkal5733 Год назад +21

    Gsd ko 7 month se pehle bandh ke nahi rakhna chaiye isko calcium ki bht jarurat h per dekh ke lag ra h ..

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад +9

      Thanks bro abb ise calcium bone laa kar di hai

    • @ATTUITED_BOY009
      @ATTUITED_BOY009 7 месяцев назад

      Bro me band ke rkta hu Kya hoga din me 3 time walk pr bhi le jata hu 3 km lgbg din bar chlta he but band ke rkna pdta he koi ishu to nhi hoga

    • @kamadgirimedikal1279
      @kamadgirimedikal1279 7 месяцев назад

      Gyan mat do Bhai ham to baandh ke rakhte they tab bhi hamara gsd tej hai aur bahut acchi growth hai

    • @adityakalkal5733
      @adityakalkal5733 7 месяцев назад

      @@ATTUITED_BOY009bandhne se leg ka issue tb hota Jb farsh chikna ya marbel hua ho ..baki bandhne se dog ke behaviour pe asar padta h wo chidchida ya aggressive behave karega jo jitna ho sake use khula rakho ❤️ ab garmi h dhaai khilao daily not milk

    • @adityakalkal5733
      @adityakalkal5733 7 месяцев назад

      @@kamadgirimedikal1279kisne bola bandhne se growth rukti h 😂😂 kch b logo ko bs bolna hota h

  • @Sukhbains-q6t
    @Sukhbains-q6t 8 месяцев назад

    We have tye same puppy in jndia 😊

  • @bikashbabu12
    @bikashbabu12 Год назад +2

    Bhai dog ki food kiya hona chahiye 1st six months

  • @prabhakermamgain5351
    @prabhakermamgain5351 5 месяцев назад

    op german

  • @Dogloves220
    @Dogloves220 11 месяцев назад +1

    Nice God but Bro Os ke Per .. Mud chuke he Chikny sata par chal chal kar . ❤

  • @narendrajharotia5863
    @narendrajharotia5863 9 месяцев назад

    Muje bi Lena h bro

  • @003jet_fuel
    @003jet_fuel 6 месяцев назад

    0:35 😂

  • @donatellamassignani4894
    @donatellamassignani4894 Год назад +2

    ❤😢🙏🙏❤️👍😻❤️❤️❤️

  • @antidote9239
    @antidote9239 7 месяцев назад

    Bhai wo 61 day kaa ho gya par wo kaan nhi khade krdaa

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  7 месяцев назад +1

      Koi baat nahi ho jayenge

  • @Sike711
    @Sike711 10 месяцев назад +1

    My gsd name is also jack

  • @sfimam3324
    @sfimam3324 11 месяцев назад +7

    IF ANYONE WANT TO GIFT SOMEONE PLEASE DON'T FORGET ME

  • @PrashantKumar-kr5qc
    @PrashantKumar-kr5qc 11 месяцев назад

    Prize batoo bhai

  • @curse.dcomments
    @curse.dcomments Год назад +1

    bhai kitne ka liya

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад

      17000

    • @manreet4429
      @manreet4429  Год назад

      Mother father pe price depend karta hai aapko 8000 to 10000 tak acha gsd mil jayega

    • @Aasif_channel123
      @Aasif_channel123 Год назад

      youtube.com/@Aasif_channel?si=kCicZ7PohKYZNDVa

  • @pritommondol5081
    @pritommondol5081 7 месяцев назад

    Mera GSD ka name bhi Jack Hai

  • @Hans-JoachimDümmel
    @Hans-JoachimDümmel 5 месяцев назад

    Bitte die Camera ruhiger halten.
    Es wackelt zu sehr.