What Was The Dreyfus Affair? | History of Israel Explained | Unpacked
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- Опубликовано: 12 июн 2024
- This week, we’re examining the “Dreyfus Affair,” an espionage trial that took place in France in the 1890s. The trial, which saw a top-ranking soldier, Alfred Dreyfus, convicted of passing military secrets to the Germans, also put events in motion that led to the creation of the State of Israel.
We’re diving into the events that tore France apart and rocked the country’s claim of “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” for all and asking why it convinced Theodore Herzl, the founder of Political Zionism of the need for a Jewish state.
This week’s episode has more intrigue, espionage, crazy theories, antisemitism sensational headlines, cover ups and collusions than an episode of Homeland.
What do you think of the events surrounding the Dreyfus affair? How could they have happened in a country in which Jews had been considered equal citizens for a century and why did it cause such an uproar?
Chapters
00:00 Intro
00:36 Accusing Alfred Dreyfus
02:15 Arrest of Alfred Dreyfus
02:27 Anti-Semitic media coverage
02:41 The role of Theodor Herzl
03:37 Trial of Alfred Dreyfus
03:47 Conviction and sentence of Alfred Dreyfus
04:27 Herzl's report of "Death to the Jews"
04:40 French Revolution and Jewish emancipation
05:32 Jewish emancipation increased antisemitism
06:20 "The Jewish State" - Jews are a nation
06:50 Herzl's political initiatives
07:09 Looking further into the Dreyfus Affair
08:17 High tensions over the Dreyfus Affair
09:21 Dreyfus is returned to France a broken man
09:39 Second trial, found guilty, full pardon
09:54 Vindication of Dreyfus
10:16 Herzl's tireless work to establish a Jewish state
10:41 Outro
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Photo/Video Credit:
- GPO
- Central Zionist Archives
- Wikimedia Commons/MI
- USHMM
- Library of Congress
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About History of Israel Explained: This series casts a new perspective on the history of the modern State of Israel, both pre and post 1948. We explore the inspiring highs and heartbreaking lows, and the everyday struggles of ordinary people. Understand how the Jewish State came to be by meeting prominent Zionist figures and learning about key historical events. Explore aspects of Israeli society, from its famous military to the meaning of the national anthem, and more.
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Herzl's life work was inspired by the Dreyfus Affair, but watch our video on Herzl, to see what he did with this inspiration: ruclips.net/video/L9v3xrO4tMI/видео.html
You forgot that Dryfus was borned in Alssac-Lorraine, and was native speaking German, so he may no be anti-semitic at the end.
Good video. Though you are overlooking an important fact here. Dreyfus was not only a jew, he was an alsatian jew. If you recall, France had lost Alsace following their loss to the newly formed German empire in 1871. So Dreyfus (à more german-sounding name), who was from the lost areas, spoke German as his first language and happened to be a jew was really the prefect scapegoat for a military who were at the time paranoid (as most European militaries were at the time, considering the interweaving and evermore complex webs of alliances springing up). You could make the case that Dreyfus himself, was only really at the wrong place in the wrong time. Hadn't he been there, it's very probable that the French army, desperate to find someone to blame for the leak, would have found someone else to blame, instead of looking deeper into the case.
thanks, thats a very interesting and definitely relevant information!
Things happen for a reason... This injustice inspired the start of a nation... No doubts that antisemitism had a huge play. Despite the evidence still guilty? If there had been another escape goat, would there have been a pardon as well? That answer is lost to time...
Nah. The news media didn’t care about him seeming german. The Catholic Church came out and threatened a mass extinction of Jews. The media played entirely on the trope of Jewish people having a secret identity
This all sounds like a real life version of To Kill a Mockingbird. An innocent man is charged with a horrible crime, most of the town immediately condemns him, a team of legal experts provide an extremely support of his innocence, and the inevitable guilty verdict only proves how utterly corrupt and prejudiced the court system is. This was an open-shut case, and the French military proved themselves intolerant, incompetent, and spiteful.
This happens all the time and everywhere. Except for the fact that the French recognized their mistake and acknowledged the Emile Zola " J'accuse" famous speech. Tell me how many governments you do know making the same today.
Alfred Dreyfus faced and survived this, Elders of Protocols of Zion (very anti Semitic book based on conspiracy that was used as “evidence” against him), assassination attempt, and WW1.
One of the original Rambo
The French Ministry of Defence refused permission for a memorial to Dreyfus.
Even though his military rank was reinstated, he did not receive the unreserved apology he deserved.
The handwriting issue is the same insanity that's going on today. The more irrational the story becomes, the more it is touted as the truth. Not one thing has changed. Sad world!
I only learned about
this history, from reading "An Officer and a Spy,"( which was a very good book), it states all about these historical events, this was a very good video, thanks!!
Ytvejj😠📄😠📄🏯😠🇰🇵🇯🇵😬☹️🇭🇰🤮
I was doing some additional reading recently. What it meant to be an assimilated Jew in French, not integrated or separated, should be pointed out. Dreyfus was French but the Jewish people were still seen with some suspicion (global conspiracy).
Someone in the comments alluded to Dreyfus being in the wrong place at the wrong time and it had little to do with their Jewish status but their German connections. While the truth might be lost in time. It is reasonable to argue that it was their Jewishness, being still viewed as not-French enough.
Either way, the increased anti-semitism had a horrible impact on acculturation in Europe.
Thank you for this. That comment was incredibly frustrating and an erasure of history
The movie "path to glory" is inspired by the dreyfus affairs and similar events in ww1. These shows that the french army just didn't care
Paths of Glory is based on an entirely different true story. IF that's the movie you mean, directed by a young Stanley Kubrick, starring Kirk Douglas. It's based on a newspaper story having nothing to do with the Dreyfus Affair, but as REAL incident in WW1.
Earned a sub 👍
Thanks for the explanation ❤
Tunisia not Libya
This was wonderful. I teach Jewish History to middle school students. They cannot understand why Dreyfus went back into the army. Do you have any insights as to why, other than he was a patriotic Frenchman (the answer I share)
We asked our head of education Dr. Noam Weissman and this is what he had to say:
"My understanding of it is that we look at the military different now than what was true then.
He viewed himself as a Frenchman through and through and this was his career. His opportunity to move through the ranks was thwarted with the Dreyfus affair but we have to remember, he was a fully assimilated Jew who just viewed himself as a Frenchman and he got to continue his career.
It’s a fascinating question and something most people don’t realize but that’s my take."
We hope that helps!
@@UNPACKED I like your explanation. Many Jews had fought for other nations as their own. In case of not obvious conflict with Israel - which was by that moment a dream - a Jew takes proudly the local nationality. The question arises when the interest of their own is in danger. Pretty logical affair.
@@UNPACKED Indeed they do take serious their host country nationality. In Panama we had two Jewish presidents and they represented the country the best they could. The first Max Delvalle said once that at the time there were only two Jewish presidents in the world, the president of the State of Israel and him. Delvalle was described in the press as "the first Jewish president in the history of the Americas". The second being his nephew Eric Arturo Delvalle. Panama's current president is also a jew named Laurentino Cortizo Cohen.
Narration is an artform!
Fascinating time period 1890s.
This shakes up the French Army while at the same time as the European and World order is changing:
- The Franco-Russian alliance is formalized (1894)
- Fashoda incident between France and Britain in 1898 right after Britain (Anglo/Egyptian force defeats the Mahdi and reconquer the Sudan and then go south and run into a French force at Fashoda claiming the same territory.(France and Britain agree to settle their colonial differences as this Dreyfus Affair is seriously affecting the French Army and this leads to alliance between France and Britain, the Entente Cordial formalized in 1904. Russia and Britain sign an alliance in 1910).
- The Spanish American War of 1898
-Failed Italian war on Ethiopia in 1896 (France and Russia arm the Ethiopians)
@ 4:09 it's called Cashiering
There will always be balance.
Most people do not know thus.
When I discovered this Dreyfus affair I could say that not only in Germany that the Jews are being persecuted but also in French Republic.Capt.Alfred Dreyfuz is innocent of the crime attributed to him.
Thank you so much!
7:45 Since when did Libya become Tunisia?
🤦🏻♂️ Whoops!
@@UNPACKED
Besides...
Great video - I am very interested in and VERY pro Israel - and into the history to be able to effectively deal with BDS harassment - but I did not know that it was the Dreyfus affair that set Herzl in motion.
Dude, I gave a thumbs up on the video - it’s a great and tragic story that needs to be remembered…but you sped thru the whole connection to Israel in the last 40 seconds.
I don’t know the history of Israel (was hoping this video would help) but the Zionist Congress ,the mass immigration to Israel isn’t explained or tied together with whatever role the British played in 1948.
Suggestion for your next video
Why on 6:01 there is map of post 1990`s Europe and the guy is talking about rising of antisemitism at the end of XIX so almost 100 years earlier ??
True.
Because he couldn't find a map of 1890's Europe? It doesn't change the point he was trying to make...
"And then he was transferred to tunisia" Points to Ottoman Libya...
7:48 well that's not Tunisia
bruh dont you know?
tunisia and libya are the same thing.
absolutely no distinction whatsoever. or so I've heard lmao.
@@gamerx112 bruh i know, i am Tunisian myself and saying Tunisia and libya are the same thing is the same as saying France and Spain are the same country. Get your geography fracts right, not by only hearing but actually searching.
@@ileffantar4068 by your large tl;dr, I can tell you didnt get the joke
@@ileffantar4068 boring
interesting
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Why didn't the Jews ever emigrate to India to avoid the persecution and anti-semitism throughout Europe? The Parsis did and to this day they are some of the most respected Titans of industry in India.... Could you make a video exploring this topic?
India was a British colony and you could not immigrate without British government approval.
The execution of the reestablishment of Israel was done by the British.
They lied to the Jewish people, telling them the Palestinians agreed to reestablish Israel- and lied to the Palestinians, telling them Palestine would remain as a whole.
Jewish people spoke Yiddish, while the Palestinians spoke Arabic- they could not communicate with one another. The Palestinians, seeing new people infiltrating their land in the early 1900s, became hostile and started mass attacks/riots.
Palestine elected a new leader in suspicion of the British government’s intentions, Husseini. Husseini and Mufti, both allied with Hitler in Nazi Germany, where dangerous propaganda of Jewish people started to spread throughout Palestine. Blaming them, for the actions of the British.
What we see today is a product of two groups of people who were lied to by corrupt governments, and see the other as a traitor.
I wish you had a shorter version of this video for middle school students
This is the short version.
It's 11 minutes lmao are you really that dense.
Etty Benartzy: I pity what middle school students are taught if they are unable to follow a ten minute lesson. It's time we fired most teachers who are not only lazy, but incompetent as well. If you are a teacher, shame on you.
If you are a student, smarten up or you'll be a loser in life.
фильм есть про это неплохой
He was guilty as sin. Rewriting history is the endeavor of evil.
Esterházy !
That's why France should stick to Eating frogs
I'm just happy they were unable to find a totally uninhabited and unclaimed land on which to found this new nation.
Lol
@CANIBLANKYOUINTHEBLANK 1234 who named it Palestine?
Starting from the times of king herod 2,000 years Before the terrorist yes sir you are fat decided that Palestine was an Arab state, Palestine was just the name used for that area and everyone who lived there including the muslims, Christians, Jews, etc. Were called Palestinians. The original name of the Jerusalem post was the Palestinian post
In the early 1900s, Jews, who were being prosecuted and killed in pogroms arranged by tsarist Russia and in general happening throughout the whole Europe (and no, the excuse that they're doing it because Israel is an oppressive country etc. Didn't exist yet) starting immigration to what was once ancient Israel but for the past several centuries had been mostly swamp land and they started draining the swamps and building up the area and in general improving the economy in the area to the extent that arabs starting moving out of their shitholes where they had been living with no improvements for millennium (because arabs don't know how to create they only know how to destroy)
@Nir Hakimian When in doubt, just call your interocular a "Nazi".
What makes him a Nazis?
it wasnt uninhabited ofc, there were many jews over there already for many many years
*USS Liberty incident*
The USS Liberty incident was an attack on a United States Navy technical research ship, USS Liberty, by Israeli Air Force jet fighter aircraft and Israeli Navy motor torpedo boats, on 8 June 1967, during the Six-Day War.[2] The combined air and sea attack killed 34 crew members (naval officers, seamen, two marines, and one civilian), wounded 171 crew members, and severely damaged the ship.[3] At the time, the ship was in international waters north of the Sinai Peninsula, about 25.5 nmi (29.3 mi; 47.2 km) northwest from the Egyptian city of Arish.[1][4]
Wow, great place to post this. What does a 1967 friendly fire incident have to do with a French affair 70 years before?
@@amitmichaeli5717 They involved the Jewish people. Israel, and Dreyfus.
Judeophobics always brings Liberty up. They cant even have consistent arguments, it always had versions.
@@darnit1944 hi! How would I respond to them though?
@@air2091 Just say, they apologized 2 hours after the incident instead of covering it up for years
@@darnit1944 yes but then they’ll respond with “the Jews knew about it straight away and were planning”, I personally use the “we payed back more money than it cost to make”
He has very beautiful lips.
10:27 they did not migrate to Israel because basically Israel was not exist . so they migrate to Palestine to search for peace until the 5th nonlegal migration which they killed most of Palestinian to take over the land .
Actually, Arabs did anti semetic riots and Jews were killed, you brought this on yourself. Also egypt literally taxed Jews for being jews
It was always call Eretz Yesrael (Land of Israel) by the Jews. That was its actual name. The Roman just named it Palestine after they expelled most Jews.
Stop spreading this propaganda. It was the British that did that
In ottoman empire Jewish people had been always equal with the other citiziens , Ottoman Empire didn't do neither racism nor religion classification, they hadn't influenced from germany or none.
The empire that was finally stopped at the gates of Vienna on September 11 1683 and that was the beginning of the end of the Muslim caliphate (yes Osama bin laden didn't just choose a random day)
You believe tower 7 collapsed from small office fires?
@@benyankee7674 You're barking non-factual enormities. Last Crusade to the Holy Land was finished before the Ottoman Empire was even established. In terms of religious tolerance, the Ottomans were way above Christians till 19th century; countries in the Balkan Peninsula were able to maintain their Christian character without much pressure, even though under Ottoman military occupation. Or even Egypt, mostly Christian till the beginning of 20th century. Killing any non-Muslims is , again, just retarded bogus.
@@benyankee7674 That's very ignorant of you then. You can't go around claiming a specific group of people did something if you didn't, so it's important to verify your sources. Secondly, which Muslims do you believe want to take over the world? There's almost a billion of them, so you need to identify specific groups. Third, the goal of most religions is to spread the faith around the world, and this is something that wasn't unique to Islam. Catholicism and Protestantism were spread around the world through missionary trips and occasionally forced conversions through violence.
@@Cindy99765 there's a difference between "occasionally forced conversions through violence" [which is also evil but not nearly as bad as] and a religion that's always been violent from the beginning. The different Muslim groups may not get along with each other but they all have the same end goal which is to reestablish the Muslim caliphate and kill anyone who refuses to believe what they believe
Fantastic ✡🇮🇱
And Palestine?
Wdym and palestine?
State of Palestine doesnt exist until 1993
So arabs can immigrate into Palestine and call themselves as natives but not jews?
Alfred Dreysus did in fact send information to the Germans. Likewise, German Jews sent information to the French as well.
No, actually he did not.
No he literally didnt
*Lavon Affair*
The Lavon affair was a failed Israeli covert operation, codenamed Operation Susannah, conducted in Egypt in the summer of 1954. As part of the false flag operation,[1] a group of Egyptian Jews were recruited by Israeli military intelligence to plant bombs inside Egyptian-, American-, and British-owned civilian targets: cinemas, libraries, and American educational centers. The bombs were timed to detonate several hours after closing time. The attacks were to be blamed on the Muslim Brotherhood, Egyptian Communists, "unspecified malcontents" or "local nationalists" with the aim of creating a climate of sufficient violence and instability to induce the British government to retain its occupying troops in Egypt's Suez Canal zone.[2] The operation caused no casualties among the population, but cost the lives of four operatives: two cell members who committed suicide after being captured; and two operatives who were tried, convicted, and executed by the Egyptian authorities.
Is the narrator a jew??
I dont see any jew features also the skin is quite dark. And I sense no jew in the voice
@@stevermacsoucher1625 "Big nose" is a trait that isn't seen in all Jews - it's a stereotype.
Also thick body hair is not something I can confirm.
@@stevermacsoucher1625 The way a person speaks is determined by where they were raised, not their race. And not all Jewish people are hairy with nasal voices.
Literally anything discussing shitty acts against Jews
Antisemitards: They must be a part of the Jewish Agenda!!!
@@stevermacsoucher1625 lots of jews have a dark skin
Free Palestine
Tawsif Elahi Chowdhury free judea and samaria
No
Free palestine from hamas
@Burger Pack Palestine does exist in the old days. It has been renamed "state of Israel" in 1948.
That's exactly the same answer they give when they stole the Americas and Australia.
i don’t hate jew but this is a Propaganda video
HOW? Like honestely Jews have been treated like garbage ever since, I think they kind of deserve a bit of respect...
@@TrixxPlay so now , you should say ... "HOW? Like honestly Palestinians have been treated like garbage ever since, I think they kind of deserve a bit of respect..."
@@owaisalhousani5361 actually, though Israel’s treatments of Palestinians are pretty bad, Palestinians get treated by Hamas as pawns in a chess game
@@owaisalhousani5361 You tell me why the Arab nations dont take Palestinian refugees? Why do they keep the poor people oppressed by Israel?
And now, more Arab nations are starting peace deals. Even crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman is interested in peace talks.
@@owaisalhousani5361 how about a two state solution?