Egypt & Israel: a Lasting Peace? | History of Israel Explained | Unpacked
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- Опубликовано: 16 май 2024
- This week on History of Israel explained, we’re talking Israel-Egypt relations. In 1979, after decades of enmity and five wars, Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty that still holds, albeit coldly, today.
Incredibly, it was two of the region’s most radical extremists, Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat, that will go down in history as the men that brought peace to the two countries.
More unlikely peacemakers are hard to imagine. Begin was once viewed by many, including David Ben-Gurion, as a terrorist (we’ll get to that another time) while Sadat not only admired Hitler, but also urged terrorism as a tactic for overthrowing the British (sound familiar?)
So how did these two unlikely leaders end up signing a peace deal - one that would end in Sadat’s assassination just a few short years later - and how did this decision alter regional politics from an Arab-Israeli conflict to the current Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
Let us know what you think about this odd couple and the unlikely Israel-Egypt peace treaty in the comments below.
Chapters
00:00 Intro
00:21 Assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat
01:18 Who were Anwar Sadat and Israeli PM Menachem Begin?
01:40 Begin's leadership of the Irgun - Israel's militant underground organization
02:10 Sadat's leadership of the Free Officers Movement - Egypt's underground rebel military movement
02:35 1973 Yom Kippur War/Ramadan War
03:27 Sadat's motivation for war
03:48 Begin's premiership and offer of peace
04:15 Sadat responds with openness to peace
04:36 Sadat visits Jerusalem
05:38 Israeli considerations for peace agreement
06:01 Compromise: Settlements in Sinai for settlements in the West Bank
07:17 Eviction of Israelis from Sinai
07:46 Nobel Peace Prizes and signing of peace agreement
08:05 Ceremonial transfer of Sinai to Egypt
08:47 Arab boycott against Egypt and Sadat's assassination
09:06 How can extremist leaders make peace?
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Sources:
- Daniel Gordis, Israel: A Concise History of a Nation Reborn
- Yehuda Avner, The Prime Ministers
- Sari Nusseibeh, Once Upon a Country
- Gil Troy, The Zionist Ideas, Part One: Pioneers Founding the State
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Photo/Video Credit:
Courtesy of Jabotinsky Institute in Israel
GPO/PINN HANS
GPO/SA'AR YA'ACOV
GPO/Milner Moshe
Yad Vashem
NARA
Getty Images
Blaues Sofa
Executive Producers:
- Shevi Peters
- Adam Milstein
Platinum Level:
- Rachel & Jack ז”ל Gindi Family Foundation
This series would not be possible without the generous support of:
- The Adam and Gila Milstein Family Foundation
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About History of Israel Explained: This series casts a new perspective on the history of the modern State of Israel, both pre and post 1948. We explore the inspiring highs and heartbreaking lows, and the everyday struggles of ordinary people. Understand how the Jewish State came to be by meeting prominent Zionist figures and learning about key historical events. Explore aspects of Israeli society, from its famous military to the meaning of the national anthem, and more.
About Unpacked: We provide nuanced insights by unpacking all things Jewish. People are complex and complicated - yet we’re constantly being pushed to oversimplify our world. At Unpacked we know that being complex makes us more interesting. Because of this, we break the world down with nuance and insight to drive your curiosity and challenge your thinking.
#Military #History #Israel #Egypt
What would YOU like us to talk about next? Let us know!
Since you just talked about the peace treaty with Egypt, why not talk about the one with Jordan?
Also I would like to see an episode about Ben-Gurion or Rabin.
A short chronicle of the Israeli War of Independence, from both a civilian, military and political perspective.
How about the battle for Jerusalem during the Six Day War or Israel-African relations?
I’d like to hear about the Jewish community that lived in Israel from 70 CE through the beginning of the 20th century.
Another idea - how about delving into archeological sites like City of David, Masada, Crusader ruins, up through walls around the Old City of Jlem? Many people would like to visit and understand the overall history at a fast pace.
Another idea (I’m on a roll)... “Are All Jews White?” What about showcasing the multi-faceted, multi-culti, colorful Israel society that we are?
I’ll keep thinking... I love your videos! Kol hakavod lachem!
Καπτεν Χαρλοκ GOOD ONE. 👍
Peace is always harder than war, thank you Sadat and Beigin for making the tough decision
as an egyptian, I found this video non-biased and all true. I'm glad we made peace with the israelis.
Jacque Elyaqim
Sorry but we know that you are taught to hate us in the schools
Me too as an Egyptian I love Israel and the ancient israel
Mohammed Zaid I think you got that mixed up
Ahmed 1 Spot on. 🎯 There are comments like that on every one of their videos. Sock puppet accounts.
@@ahmedikawika2204
Israel cries to papa america? So does Egypt!! The fact that Egypt had been receiving for many years an annual financial complement of $1.4 Billion to her economy from papa America does not bother you as much as Israel receiving from America bothers you. Stupid hypocrite.
You are a typical Islamic brotherhood low life who lives in an intellectual bubble of rubbish.
The awkward look on Arafat's face at 4:29, is hilarious! LMAO Like, "Sadat say whaaaaa?"
Amazing episode, love your videos. Keep up the good work!
You should have added how the loss of Sadat's brother influenced his opinions about making peace with Israel. Nevertheless, this was an excellent video
I mean getting Sinai back for free is also a motivator
2:21 actually there is a movie about it.....called "ayam el sadat".
We don’t hate Jews , on contrary we love our Egyptian Jews ,,our great stars Monir morad, Laila morad,Stefan Rossi, shalom,Togo mizrahi ,damped hosni etc,, we wish Israel and all the world the peace and love ,, and more specially Palestine,,,,not a complex but an easy equation,, freedom of palestine and arab Israeli friendship,,, no more wars no more attacks and integrity
This comment section is so amazing! 🥰
ruclips.net/video/NXNBmAPCFWw/видео.html
I cant believe the RUclips algorithm has only just suggested this channel to me !
Ezekiel 29:14-15. Egypt will never rule over nations anymore. This is why Egypt has a treaty with Israel.
Que sucede con los subtítulos en español?
Informative video, and yes Sadat had vision for long term peaceful prosperous MidEast, including the resolving Peleset conflict for good; even before 1973, it would have better to mention that:
Sadat’s purposed peace first in 1971, which was rejected by Golda; and that was the trigger of 1973.
In that action, I can’t see Golda as a clean or a good person in history; the world needs more rational people to lead.
Not exaclty accurate that Israel was caught off guard in the 1973 Yom Kippur war. They knew they were coming but due to wrong political decisions and lack of preparation based upon the incorrect assupmtions is how Israel ended up paying a huge lost of life in the aftermath. Without mention what the other arab nations lost in terms of human life and war materials. This was a war that showed everybody in the middle east true facts and myths.
I love this story about Israeli and Egyptian veterans meeting in El Arish. Anyone know where I can find footage of it?
I'm glad we Egyptians made peace with you guys
@@ahmedlo1
So are we... very much so.
@Nir Hakimian מה המחיר שישראל שילמה?
@@ahmedlo1 we are too and thank you so much for doing this🇪🇬💕🇮🇱☁️✨👑
Hopefully relations get better between Egypt and Israel!
We still hate them
Tell us more about the jewish community in Egypt who lived in Egypt since thousands of years BC until very recently.Ben Ezra synagoge is one of the oldest in the world. Maimonides was there.... and so much more.
@3335AO ...fine. We know the exodus story. ....and after Moses.....? ..until modern times.
@@YLKVT lol Jews have nothing to do with building pyramids
@@YLKVT in your dream
@@YLKVT The tombs of the pyramid builders' workers have been discovered. Don't lie anymore
@@YLKVT The discovery of the tombs of the workers, the builders of the pyramids, is another evidence that proves that the Egyptians are the builders of the pyramids, and we found titles inside this cemetery such as (supervisor on the eastern side of the pyramid), and (the employee in charge of the port), as well as a large number of titles
Iam egyptian and i love Israel 🇮🇱❤️🇪🇬
Sherif Elshahawy we love you too Brother, Salaam Alaikum
Sherif Elshahawy
Glad to hear this. Have you ever visited Israel?
nurieln no sadly
@@sherifelshahawyy
Come over. Have a good time. As an Egyptian, you will certainly be very welcome.
nurieln maybe in the future i will come :)
Yom Kippur was brilliantly started off by Egypt, the crossing of the Bar lev line with high pressure water and shoulder fired missiles in blocking the Israeli airforce. . Sadat brought pride back 5o the Arab world and they killed him
Well done
Egypt shall rise again along with the world humanity
Israel
we love you❤
shalom from Egypt😘
Marhaba!
Love you too from Israel! 🇪🇬❤️🇮🇱
تلاقيك يهودي مصري
Im egyption and i meet isrealian in game it was nice with me
@Ladey Babey Arabs vs isreal not Muslim vs isreal. we arabs are Muslims, Christians and even Jews
Let's not forget that in ancient arabia, the islam worked together with the jews and become incredibly powerful, as well as the center of science in the world.
Ok. lingering question.. What happens to all those who have sacrificed their lives in the war? Did they not view their efforts gone down the drain? Why the need to lose so many lives before realizing that peace was ideal, when peace could have been reached before jumping into war? Sadly, lives of brave soldiers are so disposable for politicians who, perhaps, as mentioned in the video, in the end seized the opportunity to obtain recognition and the Noble Peace Prize. There could be no peace unless a war broke out first? There would be no recognition of heroism by preventing wars, as opposed to accepting peace after so much has been wasted in the war? What’s the point here?
I agree with you. I think that a lot of soldiers paid with their lives. As a result of decisions made by politicians and money people doesn't seem fair. War is not a good thing. It's a bad thing regrettably in this world. There is war and if you know Ecclesiastes, you don't know that there's a time for war and a Time For Peace nice post on your behalf. Thank you.
I agree that war dosent help and I wish it could've been prevented but its better to make peace now then never
You should watch an animated show called Attack on Titan. Holds great insight and perspective on war from both sides. Ultimately, war is terrible and almost impossible to prevent in many scenarios.
Soldiers understand that you must only reconcile with an enemy. Post invasion I never had any animosity towards Iraqis…..
Please translate that video into Arabic, Belize
Fyi, in Egypt they refer to the Yom Kippur war as October war rather than Ramadan war.
Yet the world thinks Arabs are religious nuts and Israelis are secular 😂
I love this presenter 😂
Make a video about Israel and Jordan!!!
Agree!
you missed sanai..
Sadat paved the way to peace with now six Arab countries!
Yes, a lasting peace !!!
Only on paper and under the political cover, however we are friendly, peacfull or whatever we form into .. If we have the chance to get the land, we will get it, the egyptian army with the egyptian people .. imagine 100,000,000!
It will be a HELL BALL!!
Forgive me. It sounds like in your case. It's a cold war. Am I misinterpreting your post?
@Nir Hakimian You sound like a warmonger and Israel doesn't have 2,000 nukes. It's more like 300.
@@ahmedikawika2204 Will your post is partially true? A lot of the people in Israel are not Semitic there white. I mean you can tell by looking but they're Jewish people and that's a religion and if they want to return to Israel, it seems fair to me that they be allowed to do so, but again, I live in America. So for me to understand the situation is not really reasonable. Forgive me though. The impression I get from your particular post is that you don't want peace and you'd like to see Israel driven into the sea. Am I correct or have I misunderstood?
@@ahmedikawika2204 Well, I do follow your point now in all honesty. I don't agree. I think that Israel is well within their rights to have the right to exist in to defend itself. No group of people is going to sit there like a bunch of dummies and I allow somebody to come in and kill all of them. -2 pinion to me. You sound like a pretty good guy and I do understand what you're saying. Ask for myself. I think it's great when people get along it's been my experience in my short time in this world of 56 years that before people go killing each other. Maybe they out of sit down and have a talk with one another and get to know each other before they did that. But in any case I did read your post with great interest. Just want to say God bless remain Vigilant and greetings from the state of, Kentucky.
@Nir Hakimian Dude, I'm not sure which side you're even on irregardless. God bless you. I hope you have a good day happiness and help to you and your family greetings from the state of Kentucky. Stay safe, dude.
Sadat knew he will be fighting the US, not Israel.. Nasser believed the Soviets were going to help, which was a mistake.. Sadat was smarter..
It's not "Egypt & Israel" question, it's a world order dilemma..
That's a fly shirt, where can I get me one?
Kugel Kid Walmart
Well, as an Egyptian, I say peace is always better than war and I am glad we have the Sinai back. Sadat did what he could with the resources that he had and it is a shame that he had to pay for it with his life. But I have to be honest, Israel is subjecting the Palestinian people to a South African-style apartheid, killing them day and night with little or no regard to international law. With that in mind, it is hard not to feel animosity towards a country like Israel. I do realize that there are some peace-loving Israelis but in tough times like this it is hard to find sincere humanitarians.
Nader Ramadan
This is not being honest. This is being illiterate and uneducated. I cetainly would not want to insult you with calling you a liar.
South African-style apartheid? How? Palestinians who live in Israel (2.6 million of them) are citizens with full rights and certainly are equals. Those who live outside Israel in their own towns and are administered by their own leaders are certainly not citizens. So.... how do you dare call this apartheid?
Killing them day and night? do you have anything factual that you are basing yourself on? and in this age of the internet everything is open.... do you have anything factual?? because... if you are basing yourself on hear-say.... you are nothing more than a very uneducated nobody.
so... with that in mind.... it will be very easy for you to understand why Sadat was murdered.
Well, first of all, I like your candor and honesty. . You seem to be a peace-loving person and that seems to be the vibe. I'm getting from 9/10 of the post here by Egyptians, but it seems to me I gyptians want peace and I think that's awesome. I will agree with you that I think sometimes Israel is quite unfair to the Palestinians and I certainly don't know the answer to that problem. But again, I wanted to thank you for your post. I live in America. So for me to claim that I understand what's going on in the Middle East. I would be kind of silly. I tend to listen to people like yourself that explain to me the feelings of the people that are near the area. Anyways, I want to say God bless you and greetings from the state of, Kentucky.
Thank you both for your posts. For Nori Elm, I would like to invite to look up Abby Martin's interview with a former Israeli soldier. I think you would find it eye-opening. Other than that, I wish you all the very best and pray for peace in the Middle East and the world.
@@naderramadan5587 Well Nader, I want to say thank you. One thing I have found is that people from the Middle East? Have totally awesome manners. I think sometimes Americans could learn a lot from you guys. I will go ahead and take a peek at what you suggested and get to say God bless you remain vigilant. And be safe!
It’s too early to say that peace is established between Egypt and Israel. Forty years is as nothing in history
2:00 They failed considering 91 people died
iam from cairo egypt and Israel is our allies and friend thier security is ours
Thank you for saying this!
تلاقيك يهودي مصري و لو حتي مسلم تكون مسلم ف البطاقة
Did this guy say that Egypt was trying to lose the 6-Day War with Israel to have a strong comeback in the Yom Kippur War? No country would ever want to lose a war. Regarding the Yom Kippur War, America did not allow Israel to make a pre-emptive strike against Egypt since America did not want to anger the Arabs who dominated the worlds oil supply at that time. America assured Israel full support in war if they were not the aggressors.
soon enough
Clear facts and results on the ground:
1-Egypt won the war by achieving the overall objectives by forcing Israel to negotiating, and eventually won Sinai back
And never say that Israel gave back Sinai willingly for peace, if so, then y try to take it in 1956 and 1967? And y Israel denied Sadat urge when he first took power, to withdraw behind the passages ? It has always been part of "great Israel from Nile to Euphrates". Israel even built settlements and started drilling for oil. They considered it theirs already.
Egypt also achieved a more important objective that is destroying Israel sense of security coming from absolute military dominion, I think this message was very clear to the Israeli society.
2- Egyptian victory was obviously not a clear cut victory, hence acknowledging Israel as a nation, the idea of negotiating, and peace, and by the way Sadat paid the price for that peace. And the Arabs alienated Egypt for years being a traitor. And yet a small give aways for peace.
But remember that Israel couldn't take tiny cities like Suez and Ismailia and Sharon was directly ordered not to take s step towards Cairo because they couldn't take any more casualties. Actually the third army advanced East a little 😄and here comes fact no.3
3-USA put Soviets in their back pocket since day one, not only did they stall Soviet "real" military aid to Egypt while they gave Israel phantoms in early stage , but also in the end they maintained a situation where Egypt needs aid and supplies to the third army and YET NOT ALLOWING Egypt to pull back the third lines forces doing nothing and not sharing in any combat, from east to west to annihilate the Israeli forces behind the third army, brilliant!, hence years after this war Egypt leaves the Soviet camp and enters western camp, and that is why the Soviets were never a part of the peace settlements.
4- u want Sinai again, come and take it 😏 however I hope peace lasts
ruclips.net/video/NXNBmAPCFWw/видео.html
Egypt is the one who won this October war and this guide
ruclips.net/video/trCqzAsqzMw/видео.html
This is a video translated from the memoirs that Israel led about the October War who participated in the war and the superiority of the second Egyptian field army and the third Egyptian army.
If the Dayan predicts said before the war, Sharm el-Sheikh without peace is better than peace without Sharm el-Sheikh.
ruclips.net/video/IeILVkIEs1A/видео.html
@@user-ny9kc3vv6q
هو ايه الهدف من الردود دي ليا ؟ انت فاهم حاجة من الي انا كاتبه؟
بالمناسبة هو عبارة عن خلاصة مفادها انتصار مصر بالطرق الدبلوماسية بسبب عدم خسارتها عسكريا ،و أن لولا ما حققه الجيش المصري لكانت اسرائيل في سيناء حتى الان. و لعلمك، اسرائيل حاصرت الجيش الثالث، و لكن بالقراءة اتضح أن موقفهم لم يكن أفضل كتير
ولكن الحقيقة هو انك لم تنتصر عسكريا رغم المعجزة في الاسبوع الاول، بسبب خطأ السادات يوم ١٤ اكتوبر. والا كانو انسحبوا من سيناء بدون قيد أو شرط و هو ما لم يحدث. و هو ما يتباهون به. أنهم حتى في أكتوبر لم ينهزموا عسكريا، خاصة بعد ما فعلوه في سوريا
You must understand that thousands of corpses of Jews were buried in the sands of Sinai, and Egypt took its land and gave you a paper with the word peace on it.
We know. Those soldiers died protecting our nation. It wasn't part of the plan to expand the boundaries. We just hoped we could stop them before they'll invade. When opportunity arrived to push them back we did so because that'll make the arabs armies lose a strong ally. We never wanted to take land but kept it until we were sure we won't have another war. I'm glad we could give it back
@unpacked at the end of the day I really hope you understand that all these pro peace comments from guys who keep on saying I'm egyptian and blah blah blah are pretty close to non existant in real life unless they don't even live in egypt and although many of Egyptians revere sadat for his efforts in the war we all know that when it came to peace with Israel he done fucked up and he paid for it
So Egypt supports Israel or Palestine?
@solitary
"Israel helps grow Egypt's economy"
I will place an Uno reverse card here.
The fact is opposite.
If Israel wants to sell its gas to Europe, then it is forced to give it to Egypt first for liquifying, since Israel doesn't have LNG plants.
Egypt liquifies the gas, exports it to Europe, gets money for the liquifying and Israel gets money for the gas.
So it's a win win situation.
Egypt supports Palestine but has a peace treaty with Israel.
Egypt serves as the mediator between Israel and Palestine.
@yourlocalKVT [🇮🇱]
Jordan 1994: Am I joke to you?
Egypt support Palestine! 🇪🇬❤🇵🇸
The Egyptians can keep Sinai to themselves. It's just a huge desert
Half of Israel is also desert (Negev)
@Nisr Masry88 𓅓𓁺𓄿𓁼𓃭𓎦𓏭 𓂝 you're right. If I'm not mistaken we took it from you during the Yom Kippur war and our only use for it was keeping your soldiers away from our original border. When our nations agreed to have peace we agreed to give back the land because there won't be any more Egyptian soldiers coming to attack us. We did what we had too in order to win the war and I'm sure you would have done the same.
@Nisr Masry88 𓅓𓁺𓄿𓁼𓃭𓎦𓏭 𓂝 we attacked first when war was unavoidable. Both sides saw it coming. We have a saying in Israel "the ones coming to kill kill them first" and that's what we did. About the reason you started a war at 73 Yom Kippur... If you say that's your reason I can't say I disagree. All I heard was that you guys woke up and decided to attack without a good reason except for not wanting us here. It's good to hear another reason for a change
as an egyptiens, zionis occupationis is my enemy until its end, those comments which welcomed the peace between us and zionists not realy mean the egyptiens
and u can see that when the egyptiens get their freedome in 2011 revolution, they break down the ministry of the occupation in egypt
# free pelstine
Israel shouldn’t have left Sinai, it would be benefiting for agriculture
sinai is an egyptien land and israel occupied it in 1967 do u support the occupatin ?? what if someone steel ur house and ur land and told u that it would be benefiting for agriculture?? and to know egypt won awar in 1973 that forced israel to leave and then negotiated no one would give aland like sinai which is 3 times israel and pelstine together to the other for just a paper with the word peace on it
Sini is a desert which will make agriculture very difficult. Right now the Negev dessert in the south of israel is mostly unused, therefore with respect to agriculture there is enough space. The Negev is closer and safer. What Israel did sadly lose by returning Sini is oil. Sini has several oil wells that Israel was utilizing. This was very beneficial for a country without any gas or oil reserves (Until they descovered several natural gas reserves at sea in last years)
Israel did not win the yom kippour war
Israeli sources can prove that, also, if you happened to read any of the main israeli politicians or generals' diaries or statements at that time, none of them show any sort of confirmation to an israeli victory!! They all admitted that this was the first lost war for israel
@Rick K we didn't lol. I'm Israeli and I'm somewhat confused on how the public thinks we won.
@Rick K Let me explain it to you. First of all when Egypt attacked the barlev line, the Israelis said it will take us 13 hours, we destroyed it in only two. we advanced upon Sinai, the Israeli air forces which is heavily supported by the United States tried to retaliate, our anti aircraft missiles took down the air force with no struggle. We were forced to advance into Israel by the Syrians. Which we knew was a horrible plan as we were stepping outside our Anti missile launchers. we lost 250 tanks in about the total of two hours. Israeli tanks that had defeated the 3rd Egyptian army the "250 tanks" tried to roll back upon Sinai and clean up the war. They did not know the 1st and 2nd Egyptian armies were still in Sinai. Aside of their presence, Israelis tried to cut through The Suez. Their forces were destroyed by Egyptian Civilians who had armed themselves. Aside from all the war aspects, If you think that Israel really gave Egypt the Sinai Peninsula in the 1979 Treaty then that is impossible. Israel is surrounded with many countries that are antisemitic and would not dare to give up land that they have captured previously in the 1967 six day war. If Israel really would've given Egypt the Sinai Peninsula then they would have given it to Egypt without us having to Invade it.
If Israel had lost the war, it would not exist. And it is true to all wars with Israel to this day at least.
ZerglilngVet hell no, the main target for egypt to capture was the Sinai peninsula and they sure did, that’s why moshe Dayan went on to do an interview after the war and he was heart broken. We didn’t want to capture Israel
Israel violate treaty with egypt egypt receive money and help from US for not help Palestine, pres abdulfattah was military cheif coup during pres Mohamad morsi. Abdulfattah ang king abdullah not help ummah.
palestine will be free and you know that
No country named Palestine
No such country as Fakestine.
If Israel kept Sinai. That means that there will be more space for the Israeli people and Israel would benefit so much from its agriculture. Begin was definitely a traitor.
Begin is considered by most israelisas the greatest prime minister who ever was. Also, sini is a desert which will make agriculture very difficult. Right now the Negev dessert in the south of israel is mostly unused, therefore with respect to agriculture there is enough space. What Israel did sadly lose by returning Sini is oil. Sini has several oil wells that Israel was utilizing. This was very beneficial for a country without any gas or oil reserves (Until they descovered several natural gas reserves at sea in last years)
If that happened, there was no peace treaty