That bend is even more proof that the tunnel was dug from both sides. When you dig a tunnel that way, you want the two halves to meet at an angle. If they are parallel, they can miss each other completely. By digging them at an angle, you force them to meet (as any two lines on a plane that are not parallel must meet).
This works if you are thinking in 2 dimensions, i.e. just the horizontal, but remember this has to work in 3 dimensions. If they worked from both sides, how would they get the vertical axis right too? The tunnel would have to start at exactly the same level to begin with and then not deviate up or down.
@@IfUfindthisURlost The vertical axis is easy. Water levels have been used for thousands of years for tunnels, some even over distances of several kilometres. And with the pyramids, it's even easier, as they could simply rely on the existing layers. When you dig in one specific layer, you're basically in 2D.
@@HenryLoenwind I had discounted them counting the layers, for while it works to stay at the same height working from one side, if you worked from both sides, you would both have to start at the same layer. I don't see how the party digging from inside the pyramid, out, would know they were at the same layer as the outside. Once in the entrance passage, they have no way of judging which corresponding layer they are at, because the walls of this passage are dressed and therefore give no indication as to the layers that run through the pyramid. (If that makes sense).
@@IfUfindthisURlost Im sure that the access they had to the rest of the pyramid would give them a way to measure their height in relation to the outside. Just off the top of my head I would be able to come up with something. If they measured with a rope, careful to take into account the angle of the passages, they would be able to roughly model the height needed to start at and estimate which layer they should pick. Also access to the bedrock gives them a reference point. Its also safe to say that they could have just estimated from line of sight. They weren't digging in one go so along the way they would have been able to compare each end of the tunnel to make sure they were on the right track. They also might not have dug the tunnel as large at first. They could have expanded it once the two sides met up. Also once they were at the filler it would have been much easier to look at the layers and potentially see depth based purely on the shape of each block.
I love how everything is kept logical in your videos. I'm always hesitant to click any video about pyramid construction for fear of fantastical nonsense, but your videos are exactly what I've been looking for. Between your videos and Jean-Pierre Houdin's theory, construction of the pyramids maintains plausibility without sacrificing amazement.
I have dreamed of going Giza since I was maybe 9 years old. I was 53 in 2017 when we went to Egypt and Jordan. An awe-inspiring trip. Looking forward to watching your videos!!
Fantastic work, keep it up! Your detailed analsis is great and I'm glad I could help you with my rare video footage of the robber's tunnel. Thanks for the shout out and directing people to my channel. 🙏 Looking forward to seeing more from this channel.
I started following your channel just by coincidence, but I must say, I am blown away. You do actual research, investigate, gather evidence, THINK, conclude, re-think, re-conclude and make your videos. Not 2 x per day 20 minutes each for maximum attention w*oring - but ONLY when you have something to say. I've been to the great pyramid a few times, lucky enough even being the only visitor at times, and I'm 100% certain that building something like that as only a tomb would make NO SENSE. So many details in the great pyramid speak against usage as a tomb. There is still a lot going on in the pyramid behind the scenes, every time I go there, I notice that something has been dug up - closed - moved - dug some more - cleaned - fixed - etc. The Egyptians are absolutely full on it to find something major. I'm actually hoping, someone would start up a historical archive on the pyramids, displaying tourist photos over the years. So much changes all the time. And I'm sure, all those pictures would help you too A LOT, Mr. History for Granite. The locals know SO MUCH more than they share with us. Or at least search more than they let us know. God bless you, I'm following your videos with HUGE interest. Archeology in the making.
I think it was first broken in to at the first opportunity, in other words at the time of the first breakdown of protective state authority for the pyramid. That would have been at the end of the old kingdom about 300 years after the building of the pyramid. I think the robbers knew the interior layout of the pyramid because the thousands who built it would have proudly passed on that knowledge to their children. I think knowledge of the pyramid's interior would have been a source of pride for every family that new it.
Possibly even before that. A number of seemingly intact tombs have been discovered empty of anything valuable, and with no apparent forced entry. The conclusion drawn there is that the very priests who laid them to rest took everything out again before actually sealing up the tomb. The oldest pyramid might actually have even been robbed to furnish the interior of the next, with the guards being the ones responsible.
@@rianfelis3156 - I've always tried to give the priests the benefit of the doubt and think that possibly they were trying to maintain a cult and temples that had gone out of popularity and sold off the treasures a bit at a time to make ends meet. They could easily have been displayed and then tucked away until required. A few centuries of that would account for a lot. Cynical, but keeps the business going. There were at least some priests trying to preserve the royal mummies by hiding them even if that was the best they could do, centuries after the Pharaoh's deaths and long after anyone else cared what happened to them. The Pharaohs certainly weren't above stealing each other's treasures either.
Knowing the interior layout is different than knowing exact tunnelling coordinates. So then after that knowledge of the exact interior coordinates of the pyramid was lost after that Time of Troubles? And still having been passed down for at most, I suppose, 300 years, would still be quite a feat! I think Khafre looted it.
You always have very logic explanations and theories. Your level of detail searching is out of this world and i love how you always easily can find a more reasonable and more logic explanation! Great work! Keep it up! :)
Your videos are too interesting, I keep having "wait a second" moments and have to rewind to process it. Either I'm getting too old or your videos are absolutely outstanding.
I thought the same, but I think a few charts to illustrate his thought process on some of his rather lengthy chaining of ideas would better help viewers follow along without several rewindings...
they found something BIG that they really wanted, and did not want to brake it down and bring out pieces, it's amazing that it's lost to history or still hidden.
They probably wanted to take the lid to the carcophogus back with them, because there wasn't anything else in there. What do you think the black stone in the center of Mecca is?
I was in all Pyramids, all rooms and all places you have schown in this video. I was even in the releafing chambers, but today you blew my mind my man.
Great breakdown. I'd heard the theory that the robbers tunnel was an exit before, but never the idea that it had been dug from both ends. Definitely food for thought!
From both ends for another reason. They, the people digging from the inside, would have had less material to transport outside, other wise they would either get stuck in the material they were digging, or they would have to transport it outside thought the descending corridor/entrance which in this case would be ascending...
@@roberthak3695 they didn't have to take rubble from the tunnel out of the pyramid, there's hundreds of feet of empty corridor below to dump rubble in. they already would have known the lower chamber was empty, and therrefore they didn't need to keep it accessible while removing the portculis blocks and later excavating the tunnel.
Great Video. It mostly matched the information we were told decades ago about the tunnel being made to remove a heavy object incapable of being taken up a slope. Great introspection.
This channel is a breath of fresh air among the vast majority of the crazy ass , lame brain, conspiracy laced, pyramid related channels. This is the place I run to first when the numbing stupidity of conspiratorial mouth breathers has got me down. Your calm logical presentation is soothing, and give hope that insanity will not rule out
I love this channel… it’s so refreshing to listen to the narrator attempt to uncover mysteries using rational thought and logic to come up with a reasonable explanation… unlike idiotic channels like UnchartedX or Brian Forster…
I agree, the 'robbers' tunnel was accomplished from excavating from both directions. The clues are there. The deduction of its construction allowing for extraction of larger objects is then obvious. It is amazing that we really don't know who or when the looting took place.
Valuable large objects of gold would be a liability to both keep and get rid of- presuming it was robbers and not another later pharaoh who took it. Therefore gold and gems would readily have been broken up and carried out? Anyone would rather do that than dig through metres of solid rock, which it seems the robbers did? Therefore the object they wanted to get out must have HAD to be kept in one piece at all costs. I can think of only 1 known artefact from ancient times that nobody, absolutely nobody would want to tamper with, and that is the Ark of the Covenant. It was highly dangerous to all around it by all accounts. No one would ever break that into pieces to take out. If it was the Ark, then it would have been revered as the work of god, and possibly placed in the pyramid during construction. Just a thought anyway.
@@TheGreatest1974 If it was made from a solid metal then you could not chop it into pieces inside with ancient tools... also the story about liability that you presenting here is fine for modern times and kinda silly for ancient times with no photos, TV or books with printed pictures of the artefacts... Who would be able to identify an artefacts that was hiden from human eyes for 50 years?! And why not take that stuff to some other kingdom and sell it there?! And the Ark of the Covenant was propably made after this robbery took place and most likely was nothing alike the one from The Indiana Jones movie...
@@Bialy_1 it wasn’t ‘solid metal’ it was a wooden box covered in gold. And the Ark is described in the bible exactly how it was made- with the measurements etc.
The robbers tunnel entrance always left questions to me: How could a hole on the outside of the pyramid remain unseen during its original excavation ?? Your theories on different excavators at different times raises the possibilities that "Party 0" was discovered and the hole left unfixed for decades or centuries. Therefore making the hole on the outside of the pyramid less obvious as it's been left forgotten in plain sight for generations making "Party 1" less conspicuous, if they made a tunnel that joined the tunnel of "Party 0" that was known to led to the hole on the outside of the pyramid. Obviously digging signatures may now have all been lost to show if different techniques were used in each tunnel section, or at different times Thank You for raising new theories. Before your analysis, I had never thought of robber tunnels meeting at a junction point within the pyramid.
People were not allowed to be near that place so a canvas stretched on a wooden frame could be used as door and if you properly painted it then you would need modern binoculars to spoot it... You can also threw out rubble at night. But most likely the guards were also taking part in that crime. I also expect that the robbers got access to a model of the pyramid internal design, stuff like that is used even nowdays and it would most likely be left for future generations to be amazed how well made, amazing and smart was the whole construction...
@@Bialy_1 Some researchers believe that so called Trial Passages are in fact the pyramid internal design model ( not far away from the pyramid itself).
Like given before the video started... Watching the video, I can say it's a very linear and clear explanation (Ockham's Razor style), plus I enjoyed the usual clarity on tables and figures (I LOVE the tables from Dormion's book and Maragioglio/Rinaldi's older text). Great job, again!!!
Keep in mind that the earliest version of the Al-Ma’mun story was written about 200 years after he supposedly broke into the pyramid and there are a couple of different versions. It's debatable that it happened the way it was described. Certainly the Robber's Entrance might have predatedAl-Ma’mun. In Greco-Roman times people were inside the pyramid all the time, although only to the lower chamber and the original door was easy enough to find. There's certainly a lot of room for doubt about who got to the upper chambers first.
We'll definitely circle back to who the likely culprits were at some point - there's a fun lesson in human nature and some interesting questions that arise from it.
Your mentioning the mortar usage is interesting, I have a feeling that mortar usage in ancient Egyptian monuments is vastly misunderstood, or just not plainly unknown by the public at large; an idea for a future videos, perhaps?
Please note a portcullis mechanism is designed to be ‘raised’ as well as lowered.You would never go to the effort of installing them unless you meant to raise them .Otherwise blocking stones would be far easier and far more permanent. Also note in the New Kingdom we have priests writing instructing workers to loot burial chambers ( ie recycle the grave goods).It’s possible that was happening from the earliest times. I note in king Tut’s grave goods is a throne/ chair that belonged to his father.Wouldn’t his father have wanted that buried with him? Recycled? Gold is rare stuff!
@@teeanahera8949 You mean like Trumps golden commode? The weight and cost of a solid gold toilet is ridiculous. To say nothing of support underneath. Obviously guilded. Or if porcelain were coated with silver solution ( an old lab arts technique for low temp soldering to glass) then it should be posible to electroplate gold onto porcelain, glass, ceramic etc. There's also vapor deposition such as in electronics.
Makes sense that they would reuse stuff. It's not the value, it's the workmanship and time. Why have it sitting there forever when it could be reused but you wonder why it was left there in the end.
Your theory simply contradicts itself... so why Tut's father chair/throne was left in Tut's grave but not in his father grave?! Tut could have this throne/chair from his father or it was a memento of his father that reminded him of him... Its to easy to forget how long ago that was and for how many generations this system worked fine before it colapsed and robbery was easy...
The graffiti and trash being littered is just as infuriating to me. It’s crazy to see graffiti inside and outside the pyramids even in the 1st photos of it, the same goes with some very historically significant places in Israel. Some of the graffiti almost certainly comes from the locals who grew up around these magnificent places which is crazy because you’d think they’d be the ones with the most respect for the place.
I have been looking at pictures of the pyramids my entire life, and I am over 50, and the size still makes no sense to my brain. They are just MASSIVE. It almost doesn't seem real. I can't be alone on that right? Just amazing.
It boggles the mind how big they are. You can stand at their base and look up in disbelief for over half an hour and still not process the gigantic size of them.
😀 Your vid gives quite a good sense of ‘being there’, and i’m very impressed with your discernments and conclusions, but also, I can’t get away from my nagging thoughts of ‘just how much rubble, etc., has been interfered with during the past’, and also, if all the wooden ‘visitor’ steps and ramps were removed, the interiors would look very different and be much less navigable. Having worked in stone, my mind has a hard time visualising people ‘wrecking’ a structure that they’re inside of, due to the risk of ‘life’, so thanks for your similar thoughts pointing this out. Nice work, well done. 😀
I'm convinced the pyramid was robbed long before Al mamun, who knows what was in there? At least the lid of the sarcophagus, along with many other treasures. Thank you for the video!
Too bad the tomb robbers removed ALL the typical tomb decorations from the walls and left no trace by taking the time to perfectly smooth out the walls.
The typical tomb decorations of subsequent dynasties? It shouldn't have been hard to remove them. Also the pyramid of Hetepheres I, Khufu's mother, although untouched, was smooth and unadorned.
Fascinating analysis and you answered my questions as soon as I asked them. Great stuff. You could usefully do a review of Jean Pierre Houdin's theory of construction to see if the predictions stand up to your level of scrutiny. I can't stop wondering about that block in the wall behind the sarcophagus in the king's chamber which could be a corridor plug. If plugging material was granite, a good way to hide corridor plugs is to make the walls of the same material meaning no lines of material weakness to exploit as with the ascending corridor plugs.
Mr. Houdin's theories make the mistake I believe of trying to make much more of the construction techniques for the pyramid than they warrant (and he is certainly not at the top of the list when it comes to outlandishness). The muon experiments showed where the voids in the pyramid were and no amount of theorizing or elaborating can conceal the fact that the pyramid was not built with ramps, exterior or interior (except for one , perpendicular to the structure to the abandoned entry from the desert floor which was necessary to build the damn structure and haul EVERYTHING into the pyramid, from workers to big stones and including visiting living pharaohs. One thing that Mr. Houdin seems to have gotten right, and its an important discovery supported by evidence, that the Grand Gallery was the home of a mechanical mechanism that moved stones upwards and into the pyramid. One thing that Dr. Hawass and he keep ignoring is that the so-called abandoned entry was the TRUE entry to the pyramid, and until this fact is accepted people will continue to struggle with the layout of the pyramid and its functionality.
I always find the looting methods of the Pyramids just as fascinating as the original construction methods. They would have been robbed a few centuries after being built, with inside knowledge. This explains why the Romans found nothing when they went in the Great Pyramid. The Romans would have reported it, if they found anything. The Pyramid burglars were very clever in the method they used. They had inside knowledge from ‘loose lips’ or original drawings. This must mean there are no more undiscovered chambers, because the original burglars would have been in there like a rat up a drainpipe.
@@makomichael exactly....muon scans indicate high probability more chambers and I believe true I believe there is a hidden access to a chamber in kings chamber and one near original entrance and possibly in the well shaft area
@@makomichael It seems like the front entrance has never been excavated in modern times. I believe there’s a reason the ancient robbers decided to leave the original entrance alone. It is probably a booby-trap for unsuspecting looters.
@@Dallasguy1972 No treasure, no tombs, no mummys, no hieroglyphics, nothing like this has been found inside the great pyramid. The reason why, its a machine way older then the egyptians who just stumbled upon it. The chemical residue left inside the kings and queens chambers show its not for storing a worshipped leader. A simple vid on this isruclips.net/video/XU49FSIx0_g/видео.html Does a really awesome job showing its not what mainstream says it is.
I say the robbers tunnel was set there during construction. No one can randomly burrow an hole in that perfect path of angle to where it meets the ascending tunnel and meet perfectly. The lower face of construction is so big to know where to tunnel exact to that point of meeting the ascending passage.
Interesting thoughts. It strikes me odd that the big prize had to wait 3 thousand years to get looted, especially as it seemed there were determined people in antiquity who were capable and many subsequent invaders and rulers who might also have a eye to plunder. To bypass the portcullis system suggests insider knowledge, the portcullis system being somewhat weird also. To lift them isn’t so tough unless they are locked. Really enjoy this channel, it’s so tough to get a grip on deep history as all we have is what they left us.
There was writing on the limestone blocks covering the pyramids, perhaps there were clues there that the early Arabs were able to pick up on, though I doubt they could read ancient Egyptian.
@@whiteeagle6370 yes my understanding to. I believe a historian, possibly Herodotus spoke of four languages visible, however I fear it could have been a fashionable addition from a later kingdom.
i like this theory but surely it would have been easier to widen the access to the vertical cut tunnel around the granite plug so as to remove objects through the ascending passage and already existing doorway than cutting a really long tunnel to remove objects???
Are there 3D models of the interior of the pyramids that we can zoom around and look at ? Sometimes I have a hard time following the diagrams and images. This channel is absolutely fantastic, by the way, loving it.
I seem to remember finding one a long time ago. I think they exist, but you may have to do some googling. Maybe ask ChatGP? Seems like a good use for AI.
Jean-Pierre Houdin made a 3D model using Dassault Systems CAD - the project named "Khufu Reborn". There used to be a interactive 3D viewer (with narration) available for download and freely roaming about the model, but unfortunately the site seems to have been abandoned. Here is a YT video that is a recording of that viewer.
I am with you on the age of the "robber's" tunnel ... the 832 AD account sounds more like discovery than actual digging excavation. They quite possibly could of dug out and cleared the tunnel and embellished that in their record. Why I quoted "robbers" is if the pyramid was was abandon, and you used this term describing the middle period, I think "robbery" is too strong a word... if it's abandon it's open for plunder as so many did in recent centuries. Thank you for a fascinating analysis... you are a very clear thinker.
I've been anxiously awaiting for this video! Thanks very very much for this! One of my favorite subjects ever, your insights are just amazing! Just can't get enough. Have an awesome weekend!
Isn't the reason looters didnt attack the granite directly but went 3 meters down is because they were afraid that the granite may smash them and block the descending passage forever...
Presumably you could attack the side above it with minimal fear of dislodging it accidentally. What if it was only 1 meter or less of granite? Then you'd probably just want to get it unplugged. You also could prop the granite plug up with a few wooden beams if you were truly concerned.
I would love to know why even to this day, the ORIGINAL ENTRANCE tunnel has never been opened, excavated nor investigated by simply drilling through the block. There is no linking tunnel from anywhere else in the pyramid today- so absolutely anything could lie behind the original entrance? Unseen corridors? Previously unknown rooms or information valuable to enhancing our knowledge of the pyramid? It seems that egyptologists are not bothered one bit what’s behind the main original entrance.
These videos are fantastic. Your logical approach to this information is so refreshing and far more interesting than the typical accepted history. It is so disappointing how much modern Egyptology ignores physical evidence and refuses to consider any information that differs from their "definitive" narrative. Keep up the great work. 👍
As I keep going through your videos I keep being amazed at the breadth of information, when we eventually visit the pyramids it will be nice to mention some of what I have learned from you and impress my family 😉 Once again thank you for your impressive work and sharing this with us, your findings and thoughts are gold to us pyramid enthusiasts.
I notice the roof of the tunnel has notches in it like they had to cut a Chanel to allow the removal of goods that where to big to fit through freely... hummm Great narration very easy to understand. AWSOME subject 👌 😀 👏 👍
thinking from the prospective of a robber, I would search for gold and jewelry. once found I then would strip any gold and or jewels from gilded furniture or bodies then flee the seen and lay low until the goods were sold off. Then move to say Costa Rica and live like a king.
@@clydecox2108 and you could be the guy who exports cocaine back to Egypt. (Wasn't trace amounts found in some mummies?). Who should play you in the movie? Tom Cruise?
Brilliant deductive reasoning for the construction of the robber’s tunnel if the looters were indeed concerned about maintaining the integrity of the artifacts instead of simply stripping off the gold.
Or maybe the artifact simply couldn’t be broken up? I can think of 1 ancient artefact known to have existed that nobody in their right mind would try and break up- the Ark of the Covenant. That thing was a liability to all around it. But if you really wanted it out of that pyramid, you would put teams to work hacking the corridor larger rather than trying to take it apart! Also they say the coffer in the kings chamber would have fitted the Ark nicely.
Maybe, they dug the tunnel, because they didn't want to damage the original passages. More like a state funded antiquities type of robbery, and I don't mean Hawas. Ancient predecessors to Hawas.
Perhaps it was not actually looting but Government work crews performing state sanctioned reaquisition of Royal valuables. Would it have been possible for robbers to break in unnoticed with thier digging equipment and obvious tunnel rubble. Maybe there was a statute of limitations on tomb valuables? Really interesting channel, thank you!
How long would it have taken the robbers to excavate their tunnel? Has anything been found to show how they did it? These videos are extremely interesting.
It's hard to guess how long, but one would think at least a month or two - not something you can do casually. The ~800AD Arabic stories say they used vinegar & fire to weaken the stone so that it could be chipped away much faster. Fire was definitely used by the ancient Egyptians to attack granite, and often the limestone as well.
So they had access to the original tunnel to dig both ways to loot something to big for the original tunnel but left an opening big enough for a person to squeeze through? What's the dimensions of both tunnels and their openings?
The original size may be unknowable. Definitely smaller than an adult could stand upright in. Probably the minimum size necessary to get everything out.
Excellent vid. That's the prob with the egyptologist I see today and what hurts them the most. You can look at something and see a function and they will go with the legend of the robbers tunnel and pass that off and teach that as fact. Even though it was just some guy claiming it was him. Nope it was that guy and if you challenge that at all then they attack you for going against what they teach. In my opinion they do that thing where if they find something odd they go right to it's a ritual or a religious artifact. When it actually could be something functional or a piece of a tool. Think the Sabu disk. To them it's a odd shaped bowl to others it looks like a piece of something. I don't buy the pyramid is a power station. That's the historical paradox at play. However seeing egyptologist refuse to accept new data and still pass off myths legends as if they are fact bothers me. I always thought the tunnel was for taking stuff out not boring in. But that goes against what egyptologist teach and what they teach to them must be accepted as fact even if they use flimsy evidence. Love the channel and appreciate the work put in. Sounds way more plausible then some guy saying it was him and end of story no questions asked.
The Great Pyramid is fascinating, there are so many chambers and tunnels compared to other pyramids in it. And there is evidence there might still be more... From the things we can see today, I understand, that the builders were aware, that people would try to plunder the pyramid, else they wouldn't have plugged the corridor in several locations. And I understand that in the kings chamber there must have been something valuable, quite big in size, so it was worth the effort to dig a tunnel to get it out of the pyramid. Now, maybe that is the whole story, the king's treasures and his mummy were looted... but why didn't the builders conceal the entrance to the passage to the burial chamber and just plugged it with granite blocks? I like the imagination, that it was done as a bait for robbers and the entrance to the real burial site is still concealed behind some limestone blocks somewhere in the pyramid. Maybe somewhere below the queen's chamber, as some suggests. That is at least, what I had done. As soon as the robbers found something, they thought to be looking for, no one would search anymore and the pharao could stay in his tomb forever. I would have built a chamber close to ground level, below the queen's chamber. It would have been built very early during the construction phase, so it would be ready, just in case, and the rest of the pyramid is the decoration on top of it. With everything else build above, beeing a ruse to set robbers on a false track. It's just speculation, but I like the idea.
What if the pyramid was built to hold something more valuable and more powerful than a dead king and his treasure. What if the Hebrews went in there a stole what they called the ARK OF THE COVENANT.
I suppose the question would be: Would the tomb robbers care about removing the pieces intact and so carefully? The tombrobbering stereotype is someone who is only interested in the gold and the other valuables, so if Khufu had long ornate furniture like his mothers tomb then would they have cared a bout getting themout in one piece or would they have just smashed them out and removed the gilding later?
Tool marks and chip pattern. While true, erosion and the widening of the passage would destroy alot, it would not take away all. Science has come so far along, that the study will be able to tell you direction, types of tools. Then you build your timeline and place each tool to the time that type tool was used. Take a bronze/copper tool, the cuts would be softer and as time has past, become more rounded. Iron tools can leave witness marks where the tip digs in a small amount more than the chipped rock fragment, since iron can hold its shaper end longer.
Isn't it observable by the markings in or from which direction the rocks in the robber tunnel were chipped/chiseled to determine single or double approach?
While this is a wonderful video, like all of yours, it is more than a little melancholy seeing how the robbers got past everything to loot the pyramid, and I suspect destroy the mummy of Khufu . Just wish that one Old Kingdom royal burial was left intact . Still, it is fascinating, to see how this was done, and I salute your efforts, trying to figure this out . I also like how you steer between the more “speculative” people, and the more pat explanations of some Egyptologists . I’ve been interested in Egypt since I was a kid, and watching your videos, I am learning things that I never knew . Thanks !
The "Great Pyramid" was never a tomb & it was not built by Khufu. It is a form of energy generator. It is likely way older than 4500 yrs. All Egyptian Royal tombs are full of illustrations & hieroglyfics depicting the life of the entombed & the journey to the afterlife. There are none in any Egyptian pyramid.
@@carolcamp4828 Then we can reasonably expect to find considerably more evidence for the devices the energy was used to power. Tell us when you find some. That would be considerably easier than a study of the magnetic alignment of the dust particles in the loose-fill between the stones in the pyramid itself. That presumes the power generated was electricity and the magnetic persistence of those same particles has not changed since the power source was shut down. But why stop there? That same effect would (maybe) be seen in the ground around the pyramids. Anything other than N-S and you have a clue. I read several articles that suggested that the underground arrangement of the underground tunnels was a giant ram-pump. Another good example of something that looks like something that isn't and never was. The lack of hieroglyphics mean what exactly? Remember that Egypt fell to the Arabs around the year 620. And they were Muslim in the most enthusiastic form. The images of living things would have been an anathema to them and the complete removal of all they could find would be an act of faith. Similarly, ostentatious tombs would (still are for some) something to be avoided so, the removal of the pyramids incumbent would have been seen as perfectly normal. That much has not changed: Khorsabad, The winged bulls at Nineveh, Mosque of The Prophet Younis (Jonah's Tomb), Nimrud, Mosul museum, Hatra, Mari, Tell Ajaja and Tell Brak and many more. Cemeteries were also routinly despoiled where the graves did not meet strict Islamic standards. All that in the past 20 years alone. Do remember also that there was even an attempt to dismantle them entirely, not just for building materials but, because they were considered unclean.
Nothing wrong with plundering graves, a grave is merely an extension of man's narscism and inability to cope with the fact that life ends one day, in this particular case at an unfathomable scale. It is unfortunate that we still collectively form a circle jerk around any form of "royalty", ancient or modern. The pyramids, as grand as they are, were nothing more than monuments to greed and manipulation of masses through religion and legislation. Khufu himself was almost certainly a power hungry egomaniac, so it's quite fitting his grave was probably "plundered" by the priests who laid him to rest.
Coffer lid was probably smashed, most other hard stone coffers show this. The pyramid has been 'cleaned out' many times throughout history, so any pieces small enough to carry were removed. The only reason there's any granite fragments left is that the explorers from the 19th and 20th centuries were wise enough to leave them be - watch my 'rogue granite blocks' video for more on this subject.
@@HistoryforGRANITE T There actually were pieces of the lid still intact and on display in the King's Chamber (to the right of the sarcophagus) until the 90's or so when they were removed for unknown reasons. Have you found any info on what happened to them during your research?
Someone may have found a depiction of the original design or a type of ancient map showing the tunnel entrance. There is clearly a different type of building hidden behind the structure of the pyramid!
The Al Mamun corridor is a narrow corridor built in 2500 BC but later enlarged. The internal architecture of this pyramid is probably technical. Sincerely jmc and bonjour from France.
I wonder that too. Best information I could find is that the Romans were able to tunnel into hard rock at a rate of about 75 feet per year. I don't know how accurate that is, but limestone is not considered a hard rock so I imagine they could go a lot faster than 75 feet per year. The fact that the limestone was already cut into blocks must have been a huge help when digging these tunnels. If I were to take a wild guess I'd guess a foot per day. Maybe a foot and a half.
This pyramid is so mysterious even when thieves dig a tunnel in it more than 1000 years ago, we don't know how they did it. Lol. This whole thing with this pyramid is weird man. Dig a tunnel through granite? 40m ? How? That's no robbers man, that the whole freaking nation digging.
That bend is even more proof that the tunnel was dug from both sides. When you dig a tunnel that way, you want the two halves to meet at an angle. If they are parallel, they can miss each other completely. By digging them at an angle, you force them to meet (as any two lines on a plane that are not parallel must meet).
Nice
This works if you are thinking in 2 dimensions, i.e. just the horizontal, but remember this has to work in 3 dimensions. If they worked from both sides, how would they get the vertical axis right too? The tunnel would have to start at exactly the same level to begin with and then not deviate up or down.
@@IfUfindthisURlost The vertical axis is easy. Water levels have been used for thousands of years for tunnels, some even over distances of several kilometres.
And with the pyramids, it's even easier, as they could simply rely on the existing layers. When you dig in one specific layer, you're basically in 2D.
@@HenryLoenwind I had discounted them counting the layers, for while it works to stay at the same height working from one side, if you worked from both sides, you would both have to start at the same layer. I don't see how the party digging from inside the pyramid, out, would know they were at the same layer as the outside. Once in the entrance passage, they have no way of judging which corresponding layer they are at, because the walls of this passage are dressed and therefore give no indication as to the layers that run through the pyramid. (If that makes sense).
@@IfUfindthisURlost Im sure that the access they had to the rest of the pyramid would give them a way to measure their height in relation to the outside. Just off the top of my head I would be able to come up with something. If they measured with a rope, careful to take into account the angle of the passages, they would be able to roughly model the height needed to start at and estimate which layer they should pick. Also access to the bedrock gives them a reference point. Its also safe to say that they could have just estimated from line of sight. They weren't digging in one go so along the way they would have been able to compare each end of the tunnel to make sure they were on the right track. They also might not have dug the tunnel as large at first. They could have expanded it once the two sides met up. Also once they were at the filler it would have been much easier to look at the layers and potentially see depth based purely on the shape of each block.
I love how everything is kept logical in your videos. I'm always hesitant to click any video about pyramid construction for fear of fantastical nonsense, but your videos are exactly what I've been looking for. Between your videos and Jean-Pierre Houdin's theory, construction of the pyramids maintains plausibility without sacrificing amazement.
I have dreamed of going Giza since I was maybe 9 years old. I was 53 in 2017 when we went to Egypt and Jordan. An awe-inspiring trip. Looking forward to watching your videos!!
Valley of the Kings 😮 .. what was that like? 🏴
Fantastic work, keep it up! Your detailed analsis is great and I'm glad I could help you with my rare video footage of the robber's tunnel. Thanks for the shout out and directing people to my channel. 🙏 Looking forward to seeing more from this channel.
I started following your channel just by coincidence, but I must say, I am blown away. You do actual research, investigate, gather evidence, THINK, conclude, re-think, re-conclude and make your videos. Not 2 x per day 20 minutes each for maximum attention w*oring - but ONLY when you have something to say.
I've been to the great pyramid a few times, lucky enough even being the only visitor at times, and I'm 100% certain that building something like that as only a tomb would make NO SENSE. So many details in the great pyramid speak against usage as a tomb. There is still a lot going on in the pyramid behind the scenes, every time I go there, I notice that something has been dug up - closed - moved - dug some more - cleaned - fixed - etc. The Egyptians are absolutely full on it to find something major.
I'm actually hoping, someone would start up a historical archive on the pyramids, displaying tourist photos over the years. So much changes all the time. And I'm sure, all those pictures would help you too A LOT, Mr. History for Granite. The locals know SO MUCH more than they share with us. Or at least search more than they let us know.
God bless you, I'm following your videos with HUGE interest. Archeology in the making.
Every other pyramid was a tomb
I think it was first broken in to at the first opportunity, in other words at the time of the first breakdown of protective state authority for the pyramid. That would have been at the end of the old kingdom about 300 years after the building of the pyramid. I think the robbers knew the interior layout of the pyramid because the thousands who built it would have proudly passed on that knowledge to their children. I think knowledge of the pyramid's interior would have been a source of pride for every family that new it.
Possibly even before that. A number of seemingly intact tombs have been discovered empty of anything valuable, and with no apparent forced entry. The conclusion drawn there is that the very priests who laid them to rest took everything out again before actually sealing up the tomb. The oldest pyramid might actually have even been robbed to furnish the interior of the next, with the guards being the ones responsible.
@@rianfelis3156 - I've always tried to give the priests the benefit of the doubt and think that possibly they were trying to maintain a cult and temples that had gone out of popularity and sold off the treasures a bit at a time to make ends meet. They could easily have been displayed and then tucked away until required. A few centuries of that would account for a lot. Cynical, but keeps the business going. There were at least some priests trying to preserve the royal mummies by hiding them even if that was the best they could do, centuries after the Pharaoh's deaths and long after anyone else cared what happened to them. The Pharaohs certainly weren't above stealing each other's treasures either.
Knowing the interior layout is different than knowing exact tunnelling coordinates. So then after that knowledge of the exact interior coordinates of the pyramid was lost after that Time of Troubles? And still having been passed down for at most, I suppose, 300 years, would still be quite a feat! I think Khafre looted it.
It's a plausible theory, but it would only relate to the particular tomb that that family was involved with. Wouldn't it?.
@@scottzema3103 coordinates are easily followed by the grid the blocks are laid in.
The skepticism and attention to detail required to study the pyramids is astounding
Absolutely brilliant, as always. Watched it twice already 👏👏👏👏
Awww shucks, you're gonna make me blush!
ouch called me out @19:00ish
mad love
You always have very logic explanations and theories. Your level of detail searching is out of this world and i love how you always easily can find a more reasonable and more logic explanation!
Great work! Keep it up! :)
Your videos are too interesting, I keep having "wait a second" moments and have to rewind to process it. Either I'm getting too old or your videos are absolutely outstanding.
I thought the same, but I think a few charts to illustrate his thought process on some of his rather lengthy chaining of ideas would better help viewers follow along without several rewindings...
they found something BIG that they really wanted, and did not want to brake it down and bring out pieces, it's amazing that it's lost to history or still hidden.
They probably wanted to take the lid to the carcophogus back with them, because there wasn't anything else in there. What do you think the black stone in the center of Mecca is?
@@LarsLarsen77 that is a lot of work for a heavy stone lid, unless it was Gold
@@LarsLarsen77 Isn't it part of a meteorite?
L
I was in all Pyramids, all rooms and all places you have schown in this video. I was even in the releafing chambers, but today you blew my mind my man.
This must be even more fascinating if you've seen the structures: it's tough to get my bearing just via photos.
Oh wow you must know a lot of things and have items that are knowledgeable about things that schow you things like the leaves in the chambers
Never so glad, I stumbled onto an excellent channel by accident. A great job as always.
Been looking forward to this new episode. This channel is amazing 👏
Great breakdown. I'd heard the theory that the robbers tunnel was an exit before, but never the idea that it had been dug from both ends. Definitely food for thought!
Robbed? You'd have assume there was something to rob before claiming being robbed, wouldn't you? Moron.
From both ends for another reason. They, the people digging from the inside, would have had less material to transport outside, other wise they would either get stuck in the material they were digging, or they would have to transport it outside thought the descending corridor/entrance which in this case would be ascending...
@@roberthak3695 they didn't have to take rubble from the tunnel out of the pyramid, there's hundreds of feet of empty corridor below to dump rubble in. they already would have known the lower chamber was empty, and therrefore they didn't need to keep it accessible while removing the portculis blocks and later excavating the tunnel.
Easily my favorite new channel.
Subscribed.
Keep up the great work.
I like these videos before i watch them. Some of the best content knowledge and information on ancient times you can find.
Great Video.
It mostly matched the information we were told decades ago about the tunnel being made to remove a heavy object incapable of being taken up a slope.
Great introspection.
Thank you so much for being the logical/rational Egyptologist on YT.
See also ruclips.net/video/C_TxoE6T0Ng/видео.html
This channel is a breath of fresh air among the vast majority of the crazy ass , lame brain, conspiracy laced, pyramid related channels. This is the place I run to first when the numbing stupidity of conspiratorial mouth breathers has got me down. Your calm logical presentation is soothing, and give hope that insanity will not rule out
i love how you turn complicated and seemingly conflicting information into an easily digestible 20 min video. Very good job :D
Traduzir ou espanhol ou português Brasil ok
I love this channel… it’s so refreshing to listen to the narrator attempt to uncover mysteries using rational thought and logic to come up with a reasonable explanation… unlike idiotic channels like UnchartedX or Brian Forster…
I agree, the 'robbers' tunnel was accomplished from excavating from both directions. The clues are there. The deduction of its construction allowing for extraction of larger objects is then obvious. It is amazing that we really don't know who or when the looting took place.
Valuable large objects of gold would be a liability to both keep and get rid of- presuming it was robbers and not another later pharaoh who took it. Therefore gold and gems would readily have been broken up and carried out? Anyone would rather do that than dig through metres of solid rock, which it seems the robbers did? Therefore the object they wanted to get out must have HAD to be kept in one piece at all costs. I can think of only 1 known artefact from ancient times that nobody, absolutely nobody would want to tamper with, and that is the Ark of the Covenant. It was highly dangerous to all around it by all accounts. No one would ever break that into pieces to take out. If it was the Ark, then it would have been revered as the work of god, and possibly placed in the pyramid during construction. Just a thought anyway.
@@TheGreatest1974 / well that’s a novel theory i’ve never heard before
@@leland818 the kings chamber sarcophagus is said to be the same internal size as the Ark of the Covenant.
@@TheGreatest1974 If it was made from a solid metal then you could not chop it into pieces inside with ancient tools... also the story about liability that you presenting here is fine for modern times and kinda silly for ancient times with no photos, TV or books with printed pictures of the artefacts... Who would be able to identify an artefacts that was hiden from human eyes for 50 years?! And why not take that stuff to some other kingdom and sell it there?!
And the Ark of the Covenant was propably made after this robbery took place and most likely was nothing alike the one from The Indiana Jones movie...
@@Bialy_1 it wasn’t ‘solid metal’ it was a wooden box covered in gold. And the Ark is described in the bible exactly how it was made- with the measurements etc.
The robbers tunnel entrance always left questions to me: How could a hole on the outside of the pyramid remain unseen during its original excavation ?? Your theories on different excavators at different times raises the possibilities that "Party 0" was discovered and the hole left unfixed for decades or centuries. Therefore making the hole on the outside of the pyramid less obvious as it's been left forgotten in plain sight for generations making "Party 1" less conspicuous, if they made a tunnel that joined the tunnel of "Party 0" that was known to led to the hole on the outside of the pyramid.
Obviously digging signatures may now have all been lost to show if different techniques were used in each tunnel section, or at different times
Thank You for raising new theories. Before your analysis, I had never thought of robber tunnels meeting at a junction point within the pyramid.
People were not allowed to be near that place so a canvas stretched on a wooden frame could be used as door and if you properly painted it then you would need modern binoculars to spoot it...
You can also threw out rubble at night. But most likely the guards were also taking part in that crime.
I also expect that the robbers got access to a model of the pyramid internal design, stuff like that is used even nowdays and it would most likely be left for future generations to be amazed how well made, amazing and smart was the whole construction...
@@Bialy_1 Some researchers believe that so called Trial Passages are in fact the pyramid internal design model ( not far away from the pyramid itself).
Like given before the video started... Watching the video, I can say it's a very linear and clear explanation (Ockham's Razor style), plus I enjoyed the usual clarity on tables and figures (I LOVE the tables from Dormion's book and Maragioglio/Rinaldi's older text).
Great job, again!!!
Keep in mind that the earliest version of the Al-Ma’mun story was written about 200 years after he supposedly broke into the pyramid and there are a couple of different versions. It's debatable that it happened the way it was described. Certainly the Robber's Entrance might have predatedAl-Ma’mun. In Greco-Roman times people were inside the pyramid all the time, although only to the lower chamber and the original door was easy enough to find. There's certainly a lot of room for doubt about who got to the upper chambers first.
Great new video. I like the way that you approach the topic in a forensic manor like a crime scence analysis - actually it was a crime scene!
We'll definitely circle back to who the likely culprits were at some point - there's a fun lesson in human nature and some interesting questions that arise from it.
Your mentioning the mortar usage is interesting, I have a feeling that mortar usage in ancient Egyptian monuments is vastly misunderstood, or just not plainly unknown by the public at large; an idea for a future videos, perhaps?
Please note a portcullis mechanism is designed to be ‘raised’ as well as lowered.You would never go to the effort of installing them unless you meant to raise them .Otherwise blocking stones would be far easier and far more permanent.
Also note in the New Kingdom we have priests writing instructing workers to loot burial chambers ( ie recycle the grave goods).It’s possible that was happening from the earliest times.
I note in king Tut’s grave goods is a throne/ chair that belonged to his father.Wouldn’t his father have wanted that buried with him? Recycled? Gold is rare stuff!
Ha ha like flowers in churches for weddings or funerals x)
Gold may be rare but chairs were gilded with gold leaf and at only fractions of a millimetre thick gold leaf is worth very little.
@@teeanahera8949 You mean like Trumps golden commode? The weight and cost of a solid gold toilet is ridiculous. To say nothing of support underneath. Obviously guilded. Or if porcelain were coated with silver solution ( an old lab arts technique for low temp soldering to glass) then it should be posible to electroplate gold onto porcelain, glass, ceramic etc. There's also vapor deposition such as in electronics.
Makes sense that they would reuse stuff. It's not the value, it's the workmanship and time. Why have it sitting there forever when it could be reused but you wonder why it was left there in the end.
Your theory simply contradicts itself... so why Tut's father chair/throne was left in Tut's grave but not in his father grave?!
Tut could have this throne/chair from his father or it was a memento of his father that reminded him of him...
Its to easy to forget how long ago that was and for how many generations this system worked fine before it colapsed and robbery was easy...
Almost first. Great channel. I upvote before watching.
Fashionably late.
@@TheMoneypresident g’day ✌️
tomb robbing continues until this day, they are searching and robbing them as fast as they can find them
The graffiti and trash being littered is just as infuriating to me. It’s crazy to see graffiti inside and outside the pyramids even in the 1st photos of it, the same goes with some very historically significant places in Israel. Some of the graffiti almost certainly comes from the locals who grew up around these magnificent places which is crazy because you’d think they’d be the ones with the most respect for the place.
As we speak they are digging into the hidden chamber above the kings chamber.
But not digging encourages more homosexual special rights.
Should diggers stay in Mexico ?
The dead can't take it with them right?
@@Icehax1 got a source on this?
Anybody else watch these videos at least twice?
Keep up the great work mate, all your videos are so fascinating and refreshing.
I always look forwards to your new videos! Another excellent one!
I have been looking at pictures of the pyramids my entire life, and I am over 50, and the size still makes no sense to my brain. They are just MASSIVE. It almost doesn't seem real. I can't be alone on that right? Just amazing.
It boggles the mind how big they are. You can stand at their base and look up in disbelief for over half an hour and still not process the gigantic size of them.
Big fan,keep up the great videos,your videos are quickly becoming the gold standard
I can't get enough of these videos
Fascinating story! I truly wish average adults were able to organize their thoughts and present their arguments so briefly, cogently, and succinctly.
Many thanks!
😀 Your vid gives quite a good sense of ‘being there’, and i’m very impressed with your discernments and conclusions, but also, I can’t get away from my nagging thoughts of ‘just how much rubble, etc., has been interfered with during the past’, and also, if all the wooden ‘visitor’ steps and ramps were removed, the interiors would look very different and be much less navigable. Having worked in stone, my mind has a hard time visualising people ‘wrecking’ a structure that they’re inside of, due to the risk of ‘life’, so thanks for your similar thoughts pointing this out. Nice work, well done. 😀
I'm convinced the pyramid was robbed long before Al mamun, who knows what was in there? At least the lid of the sarcophagus, along with many other treasures. Thank you for the video!
Fast follow up from the other video, thanks for not making us wait long, I've been excited for this one!!!!
Love your channel amazing content man can't get enough
I’m so glad I found this channel. I’m going thru a little pyramid phase right now (will be in Egypt in December!).
Too bad the tomb robbers removed ALL the typical tomb decorations from the walls and left no trace by taking the time to perfectly smooth out the walls.
Underrated comment 😂
What's funny is that only a handful of people who read your comment will even understand the sarcasm...
The typical tomb decorations of subsequent dynasties? It shouldn't have been hard to remove them.
Also the pyramid of Hetepheres I, Khufu's mother, although untouched, was smooth and unadorned.
@@neutronalchemist3241someone who didn’t get the sarcasm
@@Mgmg.mg574 Someone that didn't get the purpose of the sarcasm and of the reply.
Love the idea of the two tunnels meeting it the middle and that's why there's a bend! Makes sense!
All your videos are so informative and well done. Your efforts are truly appreciated.
Very refreshing to see someone who's actually a relevant expert, weighing in on these issues. Keep up the great work!
love the channel, I've been looking forward to this video!
Fascinating analysis and you answered my questions as soon as I asked them. Great stuff. You could usefully do a review of Jean Pierre Houdin's theory of construction to see if the predictions stand up to your level of scrutiny. I can't stop wondering about that block in the wall behind the sarcophagus in the king's chamber which could be a corridor plug. If plugging material was granite, a good way to hide corridor plugs is to make the walls of the same material meaning no lines of material weakness to exploit as with the ascending corridor plugs.
When were all the Hieroglyphics stolen? The idea that the dynastic Egyptians built the great pyramid is nothing shy of stupid....
@@mrrooster4876 what on earth are you talking about?
Mr. Houdin's theories make the mistake I believe of trying to make much more of the construction techniques for the pyramid than they warrant (and he is certainly not at the top of the list when it comes to outlandishness). The muon experiments showed where the voids in the pyramid were and no amount of theorizing or elaborating can conceal the fact that the pyramid was not built with ramps, exterior or interior (except for one , perpendicular to the structure to the abandoned entry from the desert floor which was necessary to build the damn structure and haul EVERYTHING into the pyramid, from workers to big stones and including visiting living pharaohs. One thing that Mr. Houdin seems to have gotten right, and its an important discovery supported by evidence, that the Grand Gallery was the home of a mechanical mechanism that moved stones upwards and into the pyramid. One thing that Dr. Hawass and he keep ignoring is that the so-called abandoned entry was the TRUE entry to the pyramid, and until this fact is accepted people will continue to struggle with the layout of the pyramid and its functionality.
Absurd premises underlie your theory!
⁶6
They had Indiana hawass doing the dirty work behind the scenes for VIP pirates so let's hope there's something left worth finding.
great video once again. Always watch till the end
I always find the looting methods of the Pyramids just as fascinating as the original construction methods. They would have been robbed a few centuries after being built, with inside knowledge. This explains why the Romans found nothing when they went in the Great Pyramid. The Romans would have reported it, if they found anything.
The Pyramid burglars were very clever in the method they used. They had inside knowledge from ‘loose lips’ or original drawings. This must mean there are no more undiscovered chambers, because the original burglars would have been in there like a rat up a drainpipe.
a good robber finds nothing.
@@makomichael this
@@makomichael exactly....muon scans indicate high probability more chambers and I believe true I believe there is a hidden access to a chamber in kings chamber and one near original entrance and possibly in the well shaft area
@@makomichael It seems like the front entrance has never been excavated in modern times. I believe there’s a reason the ancient robbers decided to leave the original entrance alone. It is probably a booby-trap for unsuspecting looters.
@@Dallasguy1972 No treasure, no tombs, no mummys, no hieroglyphics, nothing like this has been found inside the great pyramid. The reason why, its a machine way older then the egyptians who just stumbled upon it. The chemical residue left inside the kings and queens chambers show its not for storing a worshipped leader. A simple vid on this isruclips.net/video/XU49FSIx0_g/видео.html
Does a really awesome job showing its not what mainstream says it is.
Grabbing popcorn now! This will be great!
I say the robbers tunnel was set there during construction. No one can randomly burrow an hole in that perfect path of angle to where it meets the ascending tunnel and meet perfectly. The lower face of construction is so big to know where to tunnel exact to that point of meeting the ascending passage.
Interesting thoughts. It strikes me odd that the big prize had to wait 3 thousand years to get looted, especially as it seemed there were determined people in antiquity who were capable and many subsequent invaders and rulers who might also have a eye to plunder.
To bypass the portcullis system suggests insider knowledge, the portcullis system being somewhat weird also. To lift them isn’t so tough unless they are locked.
Really enjoy this channel, it’s so tough to get a grip on deep history as all we have is what they left us.
There was writing on the limestone blocks covering the pyramids, perhaps there were clues there that the early Arabs were able to pick up on, though I doubt they could read ancient Egyptian.
@@whiteeagle6370 yes my understanding to.
I believe a historian, possibly Herodotus spoke of four languages visible, however I fear it could have been a fashionable addition from a later kingdom.
Your channel is wonderfully insightive and inspirational!
i like this theory but surely it would have been easier to widen the access to the vertical cut tunnel around the granite plug so as to remove objects through the ascending passage and already existing doorway than cutting a really long tunnel to remove objects???
The wider you dig, the more likely you perish in a cave-in.
Brilliant channel, great video as always
Are there 3D models of the interior of the pyramids that we can zoom around and look at ? Sometimes I have a hard time following the diagrams and images. This channel is absolutely fantastic, by the way, loving it.
I seem to remember finding one a long time ago. I think they exist, but you may have to do some googling. Maybe ask ChatGP? Seems like a good use for AI.
Yes, and in the same size !
There's a link to the 3D file in a video by the "Lines in Sand" channel.
ruclips.net/video/xE39WfQRZL4/видео.html
Jean-Pierre Houdin made a 3D model using Dassault Systems CAD - the project named "Khufu Reborn". There used to be a interactive 3D viewer (with narration) available for download and freely roaming about the model, but unfortunately the site seems to have been abandoned.
Here is a YT video that is a recording of that viewer.
I am with you on the age of the "robber's" tunnel ... the 832 AD account sounds more like discovery than actual digging excavation. They quite possibly could of dug out and cleared the tunnel and embellished that in their record. Why I quoted "robbers" is if the pyramid was was abandon, and you used this term describing the middle period, I think "robbery" is too strong a word... if it's abandon it's open for plunder as so many did in recent centuries. Thank you for a fascinating analysis... you are a very clear thinker.
One thing that gets overlooked...
Do the tooling marks look like they where going in, or going out?
Clearly on the outside mate 😂😂😂
I've been anxiously awaiting for this video! Thanks very very much for this! One of my favorite subjects ever, your insights are just amazing! Just can't get enough. Have an awesome weekend!
its like listening to hamilton's pharmacopeia but this shits so much more interesting than listening about drugs i'm not actively doing lol
Awesome analysis.
Isn't the reason looters didnt attack the granite directly but went 3 meters down is because they were afraid that the granite may smash them and block the descending passage forever...
Presumably you could attack the side above it with minimal fear of dislodging it accidentally. What if it was only 1 meter or less of granite? Then you'd probably just want to get it unplugged. You also could prop the granite plug up with a few wooden beams if you were truly concerned.
easier/less dangerous to go around/past them
I would love to know why even to this day, the ORIGINAL ENTRANCE tunnel has never been opened, excavated nor investigated by simply drilling through the block. There is no linking tunnel from anywhere else in the pyramid today- so absolutely anything could lie behind the original entrance? Unseen corridors? Previously unknown rooms or information valuable to enhancing our knowledge of the pyramid? It seems that egyptologists are not bothered one bit what’s behind the main original entrance.
The best of the narrated videos you’ve put out so far
Wow I wasn’t aware of the vertical dig next to the plugs.
New subscriber. I really appreciate your analysis and even I can understand a lot of what you say. Thanks.
These videos are fantastic. Your logical approach to this information is so refreshing and far more interesting than the typical accepted history. It is so disappointing how much modern Egyptology ignores physical evidence and refuses to consider any information that differs from their "definitive" narrative. Keep up the great work. 👍
As I keep going through your videos I keep being amazed at the breadth of information, when we eventually visit the pyramids it will be nice to mention some of what I have learned from you and impress my family 😉 Once again thank you for your impressive work and sharing this with us, your findings and thoughts are gold to us pyramid enthusiasts.
Oh oohhhh yes you are thankful for it
I'd say most tombs were looted not a thousand years or even a hundred years after a burial, but more like five or ten years after.
I notice the roof of the tunnel has notches in it like they had to cut a Chanel to allow the removal of goods that where to big to fit through freely... hummm
Great narration very easy to understand. AWSOME subject 👌 😀 👏 👍
Very informative and logical presentation. Thumbs up !
thinking from the prospective of a robber, I would search for gold and jewelry. once found I then would strip any gold and or jewels from gilded furniture or bodies then flee the seen and lay low until the goods were sold off. Then move to say Costa Rica and live like a king.
It's a long way to Costa Rica from Cairo!
LOL right
Clyde, in Costa Rica you could have taught them how to build pyramids! Clyde - the father of Mayan civilisation.
Ross, good idea for a movie
@@clydecox2108 and you could be the guy who exports cocaine back to Egypt. (Wasn't trace amounts found in some mummies?). Who should play you in the movie? Tom Cruise?
Brilliant deductive reasoning for the construction of the robber’s tunnel if the looters were indeed concerned about maintaining the integrity of the artifacts instead of simply stripping off the gold.
Or maybe the artifact simply couldn’t be broken up? I can think of 1 ancient artefact known to have existed that nobody in their right mind would try and break up- the Ark of the Covenant. That thing was a liability to all around it. But if you really wanted it out of that pyramid, you would put teams to work hacking the corridor larger rather than trying to take it apart! Also they say the coffer in the kings chamber would have fitted the Ark nicely.
Wow. A great topic. I haven't seen a video like yours before. A ++++
Was the robber's tunnel under sand at the time? To cover up the break in?
Maybe, they dug the tunnel, because they didn't want to damage the original passages. More like a state funded antiquities type of robbery, and I don't mean Hawas. Ancient predecessors to Hawas.
I love your videos!
Perhaps it was not actually looting but Government work crews performing state sanctioned reaquisition of Royal valuables. Would it have been possible for robbers to break in unnoticed with thier digging equipment and obvious tunnel rubble. Maybe there was a statute of limitations on tomb valuables? Really interesting channel, thank you!
Thanks for this, really interesting, I've seen many documentaries on the pyramids, but never one looking at how this one was looted.
How long would it have taken the robbers to excavate their tunnel? Has anything been found to show how they did it? These videos are extremely interesting.
It's hard to guess how long, but one would think at least a month or two - not something you can do casually. The ~800AD Arabic stories say they used vinegar & fire to weaken the stone so that it could be chipped away much faster. Fire was definitely used by the ancient Egyptians to attack granite, and often the limestone as well.
I have been asking that for YEARS! HFG says in this video "40 meters in 47 days." HOW!??
21:58
So they had access to the original tunnel to dig both ways to loot something to big for the original tunnel but left an opening big enough for a person to squeeze through? What's the dimensions of both tunnels and their openings?
The original size may be unknowable. Definitely smaller than an adult could stand upright in. Probably the minimum size necessary to get everything out.
@@HistoryforGRANITE Maybe they wanted some ventilation.
Excellent vid. That's the prob with the egyptologist I see today and what hurts them the most. You can look at something and see a function and they will go with the legend of the robbers tunnel and pass that off and teach that as fact. Even though it was just some guy claiming it was him. Nope it was that guy and if you challenge that at all then they attack you for going against what they teach. In my opinion they do that thing where if they find something odd they go right to it's a ritual or a religious artifact. When it actually could be something functional or a piece of a tool. Think the Sabu disk. To them it's a odd shaped bowl to others it looks like a piece of something. I don't buy the pyramid is a power station. That's the historical paradox at play. However seeing egyptologist refuse to accept new data and still pass off myths legends as if they are fact bothers me. I always thought the tunnel was for taking stuff out not boring in. But that goes against what egyptologist teach and what they teach to them must be accepted as fact even if they use flimsy evidence. Love the channel and appreciate the work put in. Sounds way more plausible then some guy saying it was him and end of story no questions asked.
Enthralling and wonderful 👍
The builders of the Great pyramid were not stupid. The kings chamber might just turn out to be a red herring and the real tomb still remains hidden
Keeping your orientation and the deductions feasible in that morass is most impressive
Outstanding video as always. Thank you so much for producing such high quality and thought provoking material.
Again, well done analysis from both ends. Good questions, good hypotheses.
The Great Pyramid is fascinating, there are so many chambers and tunnels compared to other pyramids in it. And there is evidence there might still be more... From the things we can see today, I understand, that the builders were aware, that people would try to plunder the pyramid, else they wouldn't have plugged the corridor in several locations. And I understand that in the kings chamber there must have been something valuable, quite big in size, so it was worth the effort to dig a tunnel to get it out of the pyramid.
Now, maybe that is the whole story, the king's treasures and his mummy were looted... but why didn't the builders conceal the entrance to the passage to the burial chamber and just plugged it with granite blocks? I like the imagination, that it was done as a bait for robbers and the entrance to the real burial site is still concealed behind some limestone blocks somewhere in the pyramid. Maybe somewhere below the queen's chamber, as some suggests. That is at least, what I had done. As soon as the robbers found something, they thought to be looking for, no one would search anymore and the pharao could stay in his tomb forever.
I would have built a chamber close to ground level, below the queen's chamber. It would have been built very early during the construction phase, so it would be ready, just in case, and the rest of the pyramid is the decoration on top of it. With everything else build above, beeing a ruse to set robbers on a false track. It's just speculation, but I like the idea.
This is how humans would tackle this issue 100%, misdirection
I agree with you. There must be more to it than meets the collective eye.
What if the pyramid was built to hold something more valuable and more powerful than a dead king and his treasure. What if the Hebrews went in there a stole what they called the ARK OF THE COVENANT.
Great work!
I suppose the question would be: Would the tomb robbers care about removing the pieces intact and so carefully? The tombrobbering stereotype is someone who is only interested in the gold and the other valuables, so if Khufu had long ornate furniture like his mothers tomb then would they have cared a bout getting themout in one piece or would they have just smashed them out and removed the gilding later?
A lot of looting may have been ‘state-sponsored’ in later times, in which case they’re not in a hurry and want to keep objects intact.
Tool marks and chip pattern. While true, erosion and the widening of the passage would destroy alot, it would not take away all. Science has come so far along, that the study will be able to tell you direction, types of tools. Then you build your timeline and place each tool to the time that type tool was used. Take a bronze/copper tool, the cuts would be softer and as time has past, become more rounded. Iron tools can leave witness marks where the tip digs in a small amount more than the chipped rock fragment, since iron can hold its shaper end longer.
Isn't it observable by the markings in or from which direction the rocks in the robber tunnel were chipped/chiseled to determine single or double approach?
Its much older then Kufu, who knows when it was plundered in the past and how many times
While this is a wonderful video, like all of yours, it is more than a little melancholy seeing how the robbers got past everything to loot the pyramid, and I suspect destroy the mummy of Khufu . Just wish that one Old Kingdom royal burial was left intact . Still, it is fascinating, to see how this was done, and I salute your efforts, trying to figure this out . I also like how you steer between the more “speculative” people, and the more pat explanations of some Egyptologists . I’ve been interested in Egypt since I was a kid, and watching your videos, I am learning things that I never knew . Thanks !
It is not obvious to me that any mummies were ever present in this pyramid, or any pyramid
The "Great Pyramid" was never a tomb & it was not built by Khufu. It is a form of energy generator. It is likely way older than 4500 yrs. All Egyptian Royal tombs are full of illustrations & hieroglyfics depicting the life of the entombed & the journey to the afterlife. There are none in any Egyptian pyramid.
@@carolcamp4828 Then we can reasonably expect to find considerably more evidence for the devices the energy was used to power. Tell us when you find some. That would be considerably easier than a study of the magnetic alignment of the dust particles in the loose-fill between the stones in the pyramid itself. That presumes the power generated was electricity and the magnetic persistence of those same particles has not changed since the power source was shut down. But why stop there? That same effect would (maybe) be seen in the ground around the pyramids. Anything other than N-S and you have a clue.
I read several articles that suggested that the underground arrangement of the underground tunnels was a giant ram-pump. Another good example of something that looks like something that isn't and never was.
The lack of hieroglyphics mean what exactly? Remember that Egypt fell to the Arabs around the year 620. And they were Muslim in the most enthusiastic form. The images of living things would have been an anathema to them and the complete removal of all they could find would be an act of faith. Similarly, ostentatious tombs would (still are for some) something to be avoided so, the removal of the pyramids incumbent would have been seen as perfectly normal.
That much has not changed: Khorsabad, The winged bulls at Nineveh, Mosque of The Prophet Younis (Jonah's Tomb), Nimrud, Mosul museum, Hatra, Mari, Tell Ajaja and Tell Brak and many more. Cemeteries were also routinly despoiled where the graves did not meet strict Islamic standards. All that in the past 20 years alone.
Do remember also that there was even an attempt to dismantle them entirely, not just for building materials but, because they were considered unclean.
@@carolcamp4828 Have you been hitting the bong?
Nothing wrong with plundering graves, a grave is merely an extension of man's narscism and inability to cope with the fact that life ends one day, in this particular case at an unfathomable scale.
It is unfortunate that we still collectively form a circle jerk around any form of "royalty", ancient or modern. The pyramids, as grand as they are, were nothing more than monuments to greed and manipulation of masses through religion and legislation. Khufu himself was almost certainly a power hungry egomaniac, so it's quite fitting his grave was probably "plundered" by the priests who laid him to rest.
How did they manage to take the top of the sarcophagus and the blocks blocking the entrance all the way down? As souvenirs?
Coffer lid was probably smashed, most other hard stone coffers show this. The pyramid has been 'cleaned out' many times throughout history, so any pieces small enough to carry were removed. The only reason there's any granite fragments left is that the explorers from the 19th and 20th centuries were wise enough to leave them be - watch my 'rogue granite blocks' video for more on this subject.
@@HistoryforGRANITE T
There actually were pieces of the lid still intact and on display in the King's Chamber (to the right of the sarcophagus) until the 90's or so when they were removed for unknown reasons.
Have you found any info on what happened to them during your research?
Someone may have found a depiction of the original design or a type of ancient map showing the tunnel entrance. There is clearly a different type of building hidden behind the structure of the pyramid!
The Al Mamun corridor is a narrow corridor built in 2500 BC but later enlarged.
The internal architecture of this pyramid is probably technical.
Sincerely jmc and bonjour from France.
Wonder how long it took them to dig, chizzle, excavate their way through the tunnel. Seems extremely difficult.
Impossible. Too precise. Could not have been done today with modern tools. #satire
I wonder that too. Best information I could find is that the Romans were able to tunnel into hard rock at a rate of about 75 feet per year. I don't know how accurate that is, but limestone is not considered a hard rock so I imagine they could go a lot faster than 75 feet per year. The fact that the limestone was already cut into blocks must have been a huge help when digging these tunnels.
If I were to take a wild guess I'd guess a foot per day. Maybe a foot and a half.
Not long, if you dont care about destroying it.
A thief always works hard stealing someone else’s stuff.
This pyramid is so mysterious even when thieves dig a tunnel in it more than 1000 years ago, we don't know how they did it. Lol. This whole thing with this pyramid is weird man. Dig a tunnel through granite? 40m ? How? That's no robbers man, that the whole freaking nation digging.
Amazing, well structured presentation. Thank you for your work 👏👏👏