Countries Get Independence from Different Empires | World all Country Independence Days Comparison
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 12 авг 2023
- Countries Get Independence from Different Empires | World all Country Independence Days Comparison
Description:
Embark on a global adventure with our latest video, "World all Country Independence Date," as we explore the diverse histories and celebrations of independence from nations around the world!
Join us on this educational and entertaining journey, where we'll unravel the chronological timeline of independence, sharing lesser-known facts and anecdotes that will leave you in awe of the world's diverse history.
🔗 Don't forget to hit that subscribe button and ring the notification bell to stay updated on our global exploration series!
Let's celebrate the spirit of independence together! Share this video with your friends and family, and let us know in the comments which country's Independence Day celebration you found most intriguing. Remember, knowledge is the key to understanding and appreciating the beauty of our world.
#comparison #countries #independenceday
#independence #15august #History #WorldHistory #Sovereignty #Empires #Freedom #GlobalJourney 
Развлечения
Angola got independent from Portugal not Great Britain
Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811 not Brazil
@@familyandfriends3519Uruguai obteve independência com Brasil sim só pesquisar
@@juanfreitas9379 learn history bro Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811
@@familyandfriends3519tão simples você pesquisa trouxa quem tá precisando estudar história é você 🙄
@@familyandfriends3519no,uruguay got independence from Brazil in 1825,and when Brazil was a colony,It annexed uruguay in 1821
Portugal is an independent country since 1179. Portugal never belonged to the Spanish Empire although for 60 years the 2 Kingdoms made a union. It was called the Iberian Union.
No hay ni un solo documento de la época en la que salga el nombre de "Unión Ibérica". Era simplemente España
iraq still in wars
Like soviet union. It was union, but republics in some way get "independence" lol.
@@rubencuadros7174 Era Espanha, o caralho. Os titulos dos Filipes diziam claramente: Rei de Portugal, com leis portuguesas, tropas portuguesas e governo portugues. Era o que estava acordado desdes as Cortes de Tomar em 1581. Portugal nao e Espanha, nem o Caralho que os foda.
Mas o rei era espanhol, não era?
The independence of Switzerland on August 1st, 1291 is legendary! The real independence day is the October 24th, 1648 (End of the 30 years war in the Westphalian Peace of Münster). On this day Switzerland had declare its exit from the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation), Best wishes, Erwin Hoheisel, Eppstein (Germany).
the empire of Brazil gained independence from Portugal in 7.9.1822 (September 7, 1822)
you forgot
Pelo menos ele reconheceu a idepedencia da Cisplatina (Uruguai) pelo império do Brasil😅
Mas sim e é verdade, mas alguns acham que foi da espanha kkkk
Forgot about Poland. Independence Day is on November 11. It became independent in 1918, just at the end of World War I.
To są filmiki robione pod kasę za oglądalność, a nie aby być 100% rzetelnym. I Polska była zbyt trudna do zrobienia, bo przecież z polskiego punktu widzenia musiałoby być niepodległość wywalczona spod Austrii, Prus, Rosji. Kolejny raz spod III Rzeszy, a na koniec spod ZSRR. Aż 5 razy o Polsce... nie, to nie w takich filmikach.
Well Poland still not independence.
It's depend from west, literally like was depend from east in second half of 20 century.
🐂
💩
🇵🇱
Technically it is getting back independence's day (dzień odzyskania niepodległości) Yeah it is complicated
Maybe 1000 or end of wwl?
Uruguay - In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. After nearly four more years of struggle, the Portuguese Kingdom of Brazil annexed the Banda Oriental as a province under the name of "Cisplatina". The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. In response to the annexation, the Thirty-Three Orientals, led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present-day Argentina). This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. 25 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. The nation's first constitution was adopted on 18 July 1830.
Canada actually became a Dominion in 1867. (Officially, Dominions like Canada and Australia only became fully independent with the 1931 Statute of Westminster.)
Actually Canada,, Australia and New Zealand did not become legally independent until the 1980s when the UK Parliament relinquished its last remaining powers over the countries
Canada is not independent. Canada has a Governor. Canada is still British.
@@simontenkate9601 no Canada has a governor general who represents King Charles as King of Canada not as King of the UK. The British government relinquished its last remaining theoretical powers over Canada in the 1980s
@@pedanticradiator1491 when Charles is King of Canada as well as King of Britain, then that is a construction along the lines of a so called Personal Union.
When the King sends a Governor to represent the Kings interests i.e. the interests of Britain, and a governor is someone enpowered to govern, and is much different from a mere Ambassador, no matter that the latter is also a very important person, the result is that Canada is not an independent country and is being ruled from Britain.
@@simontenkate9601 yes it is but also means the countries involved are independent of each other.. The governors general of the Commonwealth realms since 1931 have not represented Britain and are appointed by the governments of each realm. Britain sends an ambassador though they are called Higb Comissioner to each of the realms to represent their interests
Korean independence is not 1919. There was an independence movement in Korea that year, but it was quelled by the Japanese army.
It gained independence in 1945
1945 8.15, same with north korea
@@jsm9252 errour
@@jsm9252 Republic of Korea established August 15, 1948, under American military administration 1945-48.
Korea was an Empire independent between 1900 and 1910
I know Hong Kong and Macau are not countries but I would like to add "HK from the UK on 1st July 1997 and Macau from Portugal on 20th December 1999."
They didn't get independence, they were subsumed into the PRC.
Actual history,Japan was officially founded in 701 AD.
No it’s 645
According to ancient manuscript records, it's 660 BC.
In practical terms, the establishment of the name 'Japan' took place around 701 AD.
Before that it was called "Wa"
@@daikuns 大化の改新は違うんですか
@@user-fe9hr4ok6q すみません、貴方の意見を否定するつもりはありませんでした。645年大化の改新を日本のはじまりとする見方もあると思いますし、諸説あるうちの一つの説ですね。日本という名前は701年の大宝律令で初めて登場します。もちろんそれ以前から「日本」という名前があったかもしれませんが記録上は701年と記憶しています。間違ってたら申し訳ないです。
@@daikuns漢字が違いますよ。正しくは倭ですよ。
Truly amazing! In fact, gobsmacking! It beggars belief whoever put this together omitted one of the most signifiant 'independences' of the 20th Cent, a Nation that had fought longer than any other for its independence, (800 years!) IRELAND...from the UK, in 1921, - and for the UK it was perhaps the most significant as it led to the end of that so called empire. As others have said below, this could have been an interesting video if you - or whoever - had done some basic fact checking!
The independence of Ireland did not lead to the End of the British empire lol. That was ww2
Dear Mr Tiger! if you understood the significance of 1921, you would grasp that Ireland's departure marked the first major secession which of course went on to that of others and led to the final break-up @@tigerland4328 That is the point.
and until the British have left the whole of Ireland and not still occupy 6 counties it will never be free
@@strabanetyrone but if northern Ireland leaves the UK and becomes part of the republic of Ireland the Irish won't have anyone to blame for everything lol
my friend, obviously you know v. little about Ireland or how Irish people think in the 21st Cent. I wish you well.@@tigerland4328
East Timor declared its independence from Portugal in 1975 but was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces later that year. It was internationally recognized as a Portuguese colony until May 20, 2002 when it officially became independent, from Portugal and from Indonesian after a UN-sponsored referendum in 1999 and subsequent transitional period.
:Angola was a Portuguese colony and never under British rule. Angola declared its independence from Portugal on November 11, 1975.
Portugal was never colonized by Spain. The two countries were united under the Iberian Union from 1580 to 1640 due to a succession crisis, but this was not a result of an invasion. Please revise your facts, maybe many other mistakes in various other countries.
Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811
Again Timor Leste didn't become independent from Portugal in 2002 or 1999 they got independence from Indonesia only
it was not a portuguese colony since 1951
Japan didn't get independence from any other countries. It emerged by itself, so they say.
Empair of Japan got me dying💀
Same Empair of Brazil
That is so interresting.!
Wow Wow Wow Thanks For Sharing This Update. This is really Amazing❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌ I'm From nigeria
Most of the countries of Latin America became independent since 1810 but most of the beginnings of the wars of independence began in 1810 and the Central American countries except Panama became independent from the Mexican empire.
Exactly Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811
@@familyandfriends3519 Uruguay gained its independence in 1826 from Brazil and Argentina not from Spain
@@Clashcountrey_GD Uruguay first got independence from Spain in 1811
Panama did not become independent from the Mexican empire. It became independent from Colombia en 1903
@@juandavidporraspalencia6841 actually Spain in 1821
Oh wow, I see my country's name was the Empair of Japan. I didn't know that🤣
Wow Spain were busy
R.I.P. SPANISH EMPIRE HAVING ONE OF THE MOST INDEPENDENT AFTER UK.
Thx for adding tunisia
Hungary in Bulgaria 💀
"Empair of Brazil" 💀
Lmaooo
Lol
The United States gained it's independence from Great Britain not the United Kingdom. The UK didn't exist until 1801 lol
Spain or GB?
Portugal é um país independente desde 1179. Portugal nunca pertenceu ao império Espanhol embora durante 60 anos os 2 Reinos tenham feito uma união. Era chamada União Ibérica.
*1139
Fora que o "gajo" (isto para ser bem educado) meteu a independência de Angola dada por os Ingleses! Só para rir!
Apart from that, the "dude" (to be well educated) put the independence of Angola given by the British! Really laughable!
1128*
Acho que ele considerou o fim da união como a idepedencia de Portugal.
Mas faz muito sentido, embora o nome Uniao Iberica pareça bonito, na pratica era um governo espanhol, com um rei espanhol mandadndo nas colonias e em Portugal.
1:44 Did the Bulgarians change their flag to Hungarian?
Agree
THEY USED THE FASCIST HUNGARY INSTEAD OF BULGARIA AND THE LAND IS WRONG!
Ecuador's Independence Day is not August 10, 1809.
Ecuador's Independence Day is May 24, 1822. (Battle of Pichincha)
Croatia and Slovenia get Full independence from Yugoslavia in April 1991 no 1990
Nice, but some of these are wrong, tho.
You forgot Albania 1912 from Ottoman empire and Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on February 17, 2008
Kosovo Albania is still turkish islamic
@@strongkingkong1899 kosovo people are albanian thats why they re muslim
@@swarala learn my little friend. Kosovo and Bosnia were Christians. The albanian eagle(eagle with 2 heads) is after the cross the second biggedt christan sign. Skandenberg fights against Islam ans and he ist tbe biggest hero in Albanians history. You're not Arabs with a fantasy god.
I recognize Kosovo
So around a third of the entire globe got their independence from the United Kingdom,with France and Spain not too far behind?😮
from Spain first than France wich is far behind Spain.Spain was the second bigest empire after UK.
Mainly because ottoman and germany lost in ww1 all their land
Falta la Republica Saharaui invadida ilegalmente por Marruecos
Libertad saharauis
Omg God it was portugals birthday yesterday
Dang man, do you know anything about Haiti?
You missed all the Middle eastern countries independent from the Ottomans after ww1, including Libya in North Africa.
This could have been an interesting video if you had done your fact checking properly, checked your spelling and decided on the format within the chronology you wanted to make it consistent.
Except fr guisna and brazil, whole south america was colony of spain
Thanks sir
Vietnam’s independence day is 2 September-today, not 2 February 2:35
Also it’s Empire of Japan not Empair
Bulgaria flag is wrong, that is Hungarian democratic republic flag I think. 🤔
This has so many inaccuracies it would take longer than the video to name them all.
You got the Bulgarian mixed up with Hungary.
You missed Suriname and Dutch New Guinea. The first country got its independence from the Netherlands 25 November 1975, the latter on 1 October 1962 and became part of Indonesia in 1963. A national movement claimed Indonesia's independent in 1945, but this was not formalized until the transfer of sovereignty on 27 December 1949 by the government of the Netherlands.
Decembre 27th 1949 was only in wilhelmina's dream. Mark rutte has acknowledge august 17th 1945, so... while it was meaningless anyway
Since when an armed burglars (unlawfully break into someone's else private property) opinion matters?
The Indonesia Map Is Wrong💀
It's correct but just "squeezed" to fit the square. 😅
@@elson.1990sir, are you dumb than why Brunei Singapore Timor Leste and Malaysia was apart of indonesia!? Kid
Would you do the same video but instead of alphabetical order in chronological order?
Nitip jejak ae lah,..
The old 🇬🇧empire is responsable for the most independence days around the world🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Y también de varios muertos , robo de territorios y explotación de recursos ajenos
@@minsonmora1769 yep that was the empire, so good that all these countries became independent from the motherland UK. Dont forget all the treasures/souvenirs they still have stocked at the British museum🫢
Finland gained independence from Russian Empire not USSR
This video is not very accurate. It also said the USA gained independence from the UK in 1776 despite the fact the UK didn't exist until 1801 lol
@@lightfootpathfinder8218it was the british empire
@@iantoezra correct as the British empire as a whole existed throughout the 18th,19th and 20th centuries. But you could say the kingdom of Great Britain which was in existence from 1707 until 1800. It became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 when Ireland officially joined the union and became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1922 when most of Ireland left. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the UK that exists today.
And Poland didn’t Gain independence from the USSR either they gained independence from Russian Empire too
@@playboiiybn I don't think the creator of the video understands the difference between modern nations and historical nations
Was the kalmar Union flag the old Orkney flag at one point
Suriname gained independence on the 25th of November 1975 from the Netherlands
Angola ficou independente da Inglaterra??? Kkkkk
E onde está o resto dos países que adquiriram independência de Portugal ???
South Africa from United Kingdom in 31May 1960
Actually in 1931
Angola ficou independente de Portugal não do Reino Unido
And Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811
@@familyandfriends3519 1825 from Brazil* search wikipedia
5:59 OMG Djibouti gained Independence on my birthday but in a different year
And you forgot a big one Brazil from Portugal
Timor Leste independence from Indonesia and Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811
@@familyandfriends3519 o uruguai já fez parte do brasil mas a argentina também considerava uruguai como parte deles, então houve conflitos pra quem iria ficar com o uruguai, então pro conflito acabar o uruguai virou um pais
@@darkrn1035 Uruguay was colonized by Spain and achieve independence from Spain in 1811
@@familyandfriends3519E depois fez parte do império do Brasil, e finalmente se tornou independente anos depois. Ou seja, o que vale é a última declaração de independência, não a que não teve efeito 👍🏻
@@maverick767 but it's first independence was from Spain which only matters the Brazil invasion is independence restored
1:22 empair of brazil 💀
No minuto 1:28 está escrito empair of brasil mas o correto é Empire of brazil (lembre-se de usar o tradutor para vc ler isso ok)
eu tambem falo português
@@mariocruz-qr1yqoi, também sou brasil
It was Czechoslovakia not the Czech Republic that gained its independence from Austria Hungary in 1918.
Angola was independent from Portugal not the United Kingdom in 1975.
Independence of Brazil left the chat:
Also Somalia and other countries
@@Northkoreasucks56 yes
YOU ARE RIGHT THIS IS INJUSTICE WITH SOME COUNTRIES
@@ednomelo2260 Unfortunately it's true, I don't know he's going to make a part 2 to show the other countries, I hope he does
You forgot about Independence of Brazil from Portugal on September, 7th 1822.
Sim fazoeli 😁
Nice❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
The islands are called St. Kitts and Nevis.
July 1, 1867 was confederation - the merger of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into the Dominon of Canada, not independence. Independence was when Britain gave up legislative oversight of the Dominions through the Statute of Westminster on December 11, 1931.
Siguen siendo una semiología cuyo Jefe de estado es un rey extranjero.
British North America Act 1867
- The fully autonomous Canadian Parliament, government, and judiciary were established.
- The King/Queen reigned in Canada as King/Queen of UK.
- The Governor General was appointed by the King/Queen on advice of the British government.
- In matters of Canada, the King/Queen and the Governor General were advised by both the British and Canadian governments, and in case of divergence the British advice took precedence.
- The Parliament of UK might unilaterally enact legislations for Canada.
- The decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada might be appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.
- Since the British North America Act (that served as the core of the constitution of Canada) was a British law, the power to amend it was vested to the British Parliament, and the British Parliament might amend it unilaterally.
Statute of Westminster 1931
- The King/Queen reigns in Canada as King/Queen of Canada.
- The Governor General is appointed by the King/Queen on advice of the Canadian Prime Minister.
- In matters of Canada, the King/Queen and the Governor General are advised solely by the Canadian government.
- The Parliament of UK enacted legislations for Canada only by request and consent of the Parliament of Canada.
- The decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada might be appealed to the Privy Council only if they were allowed by Canadian laws (since 1949 no decision may be appealed to London).
- The power to amend the British North America Act was still vested in the British Parliament, but it might be done only by request and consent of the Canadian Parliament.
Canada Act 1982
- The Parliament of UK has no longer any power to enact legislations for Canada. Only the Parliament of Canada may enact legislation for Canada.
- The North America Act became a Canadian law (and was renamed to Constitution Act), so it may be amended unilaterally by the Canadian Parliament without involving the British Parliament.
@@minsonmora1769The king might just as well be a foreign king to Britain as he has very little in common with the citizens of the country in which he resides.
those ain't world all countries
The Philippines from what I know has 2 Independence days. On June 12, 1898 as stated in the video, we got independence from Spain and on 1900 or 1901, The United States bought us from Spain for 20 million USD. Then Japan occupied us but soon the US retook us and gave us freedon on July 4, 1946
Wait what Ecuador got independence 204 years before I born and at same day! 😮
You Birthday is in August 10
Angola is part of Portugal got there independence and Uruguay is part of Spain got there independence...
By the way RIP to Yugoslavia not a Country anymore
Not, Uruguay is part of BRAZIL!
@@zMatheus99 Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811 you dumb Brazilian Timor Leste is part of Indonesia
Uruguay en primer lugar no existio hasta 1830, fuimso parte del virreinato dl eRo de la Plata con capital en Buenos Aires, luego de l arevolucin de Mayo en 1810 pasamos a ser parte de las provincias unidas del Rio de la Plata, hasta que Brasil nos invadio con la anuencia e indiferencia de Bs As. luego hubo un intento de indepdnecia de Brasil en 1825 con los 33 orientales para volver a unirnos a lo que seria mas adelante Argentina, pero no fue efectiva esa independencia hasta 1828 donde el 28 de agosto ( no el 25) fuimos declarados independientes en Rio de Janeiro con la mediacion de UK, quien nos invento como pais tapon, para su conveniencia! y eramos en ese momento el Estado de Montevideo, luego fuimos uruguay
5:41 Angola didnt get independence from UK It was portugal
You missed Liberia (1847) Guinea Bissau (1973) and Brunei Darussalam (1984)
Correct, Timor Lester got independent from Indonesia since 1999
7:03 Not Right. 3 July - Day, was Minsk was free from Nazi Armies
He said Phillipines got independence from Spanish Empire💀💀💀 Bruh Philippines got independence by USA
This is based from each country's independence days so they'll follow the Spanish one
Fillipines first independence from spanish empire and got conquered by USA and got independence again from USA after WW2
Ahh Philippines ..poor Muslim country back then..n now 90% was Christianity religion
@faze_fox2092 Uruguay got his first independence from Spain, Brazil was later. So, for your logic, the correct to be in the video is Spain
@@Gatao_2020 Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811 domican republic got independence from Spain in 1821 Panama from Spain in 1821 Uruguay should really be celebrating independence from Spain to avoid confusion
In 1975 Angola got independence from Portugal NOT from United Kingdom.
In addition, why you didn't mention Libya which got independence from Italy? And what about Somalia.
Angola became independent from Portugal, not the UK.
Angola gets independence from Portugal not UK.
Uruguay got independence from Spain in 1811
Samoa gained my respect.
The independence of Samoa is the same day of my birthday
🇧🇷🤝🇼🇸
❤
December 6, 1921was a day of celebration in Ireland when we told the brits we are an independent nation
Why u dont count out hk and macau
they aren't countries m8
Portugal's Independence was on June 1127 (unilateral) from Leon and Galicia. On 1140 Change from independent Count to Kingdom. From 1580 to 1640 share king with Castile. On 1640 Philip III (IV of Castile) try to annex Portugal and the Portuguese parliament impish him as a traitor, the rebellion kill the prime minister and arresting the viceroy, restoring the Portuguese dynasty. Today Canada and other countries share king with the UK. Castile only adapt the name España (Spain) when full attached the other Iberian nations on the 1860s, except Portugal, with intention to do later but fail.
Bem escrito, Lourenço, este ignorante ou aldrabão quer adulterar a História. Só depois do meu postal neste vídeo miserável é que li esta excelente texto súmula.
Bravo!!!!
That's nonsense!
Why îs Bulgaria having Hungarian flag 😂
Tf even america was ruled by Britains 😂🤣but those british people made bharat 🇮🇳 india to suffer more😢even we lost afgan,pak, Bangladesh from bharat😢due to colonial rule 😢🥺😭
You guys forgot Brazil.1822 🇧🇷
Perhaps too irrelevant to mention 😅
@@angelo1962 More irrelevant than Bolivia? I don't thing so...look to Uruguay, it got independence from Brazil's empire if you don't know...
No está España 🇪🇦 1492 ???
No está Haití 🇭🇹1804 ???
No está Perú 🇵🇪 1821 ???
Maldiciones 😡 desde Lima, Perú 🇵🇪
Europe be like: we are the mothers of all.
Where is the independence of Kosovo? Where is the independence of Papua New Guinea from Australia
You got it a little wrong Bangladesh got independence from Pakistan on 16 December not 27 we started our war on 27 march.
Vietnam too, it’s September 2nd 1945
Iraq isn't there. Got independence on 1932 from the british
2 Febuary is my birthday
Vietnam got independent from Japan because Japan kick the French out. What's mess up is Ho Chi Minh brought the French back to eliminate his enemies the Viet nationalist. Later, he asked China for help to kick out the French. The final blow to Vietnam is he asked USSR and China for help to invade South Vietnam. The Vietnam war cause by HCM had killed over 4 millions and set the country 50 yrs back, and now the Viet still hail Ho Chi Minh as their hero even though HCM read/write Chinese better than Viet.
Bro philipine independent from USA also 1946
That was on the phlippines-American war
Если страна-колония заявляет о своей независимости от доминиона-метрополии, это еще не значит, что она покончила со своим зависимым положением и стала до канца суверенной. Скорее, узы, связывающие ее в рабство, стали более изощренными, жестокими, но менее заметными для наблюдателя.😊
Vietnam was independent from France NOT Japan.
👍👍👍👍👍
You forgot peru 🇵🇪 Independence in 1821
He missed Brazil also, sept 07 1822
A pesar de los errores, te felicito por tu esfuerzo en realizar este video, la intención es la que cuenta. Saludos desde Venezuela 👍
Verdad hermano que Panamá se separó de Colombia y no de España??? Incluso fue parte de La Gran Colombia.
Canada got Dominion status in 1867. Full independence, which included control over foreign affairs, came in 1931.
It is Antigua and Barbuda not Antigua and Barbados. Interesting video nonetheless.
Empire*, not Empair
1:16 PANAMÁ 🇵🇦 se independizó de 🇨🇴 Colombia, el 03 de Noviembre del 1903 con ayuda de Estados Unidos para construir el Canal de Panamá.
Panamá tiene dos independencias primero con España y luego Colombia aunque esta última se suele considerar una separación.
Why were the countries that declared their independence from Germany in World War II not presented?
Vietnam got independe from France,Japan in 1945 and USA from 1975