If you'd like to deep dive into the black hole simulations check out: Taeho Ryu's Transient Universe www.youtube.com/@taehoryu6412?app=desktop and tell them (politely) that Space Time sent you!
I'm an astronomer studying how to find transient sources with current and upcoming sky surveys. This video is incredibly well presented; I learned a few things about TDEs that I hadn't appreciated from the work I've studied. I have high expectations of PBS Space Time based on past viewing, but this video exceeded even what I've come to expect in terms of scientific and narrative excellence. Bravo, PBS Space Time! -Tom
Do we not expect most BH to have spin though? So would it not be better to base the simulations on spinning Kerr BHs rather than non-rotating Schwarzchild ones? or would that up the complexity of the simulations too much or something to do them?
The International Astronomical Union in Paris has the authority to name celestial objects and events. However, when astrophysicists spot something new and give it a name they usually approve it.
Same. It was pretty often that they were getting behind on them, so it must be a decent amount of work, and I wouldn't be surprised if the viewership dropped off after that point. I do think that they should do it, because of the connection to the audience that it brings which no other parts of the videos did, but I understand that it can be hard to justify if there's not a clear cut benefit in terms of viewership. I do think removing the comment responses is a net negative over a long enough period of time, so I would hope they consider bringing them back in the future
He has been so busy this last year with doing space time, his actual job as a professor and working on his film which includes flying all over the world at the moment, with additional Patreon live chats etc and because the take a long time to do (the Q and A) something had to go unfortunately.
The thing I found most surprising about these events is the timescale. We all know space is unimaginably big, so whenever I think about things happening on the scale of galaxies I think "ah, well, that's going to take a thousand years to complete," but then hearing the accretion disc for an eTDE can form in just tens of *minutes* is insane.
Read my main comment non of us you, me or them has the faintest idear how much say one solar mass slows time down by because they have not yet got a formula.
Just looking at our own galaxy, where central stars can be accelerated to a percentage of light sped gets to me. A STAR. Moving at a fraction of light speed without any leading zeroes in it.
Another home run for PBS Spacetime! This is consistently one of the most interesting channels on RUclips. You would think after a couple of years everything would have been covered, but no-o-o-. Not only is PBS Spacetime expanding, but the rate at which it's expanding is itself increasing! I'm glad I get to see it before it gets too red-shifted!
@@qfoilHaha, I felt compelled to call it "old" because I was afraid of getting called out if I didn't! It's not CanIHazCheezburger or "How to Kill a Mockingbird" old, but it's not bakery fresh, either. ;-)
@@PhillipLangenkamp No no, I'm totally with you on that! I'm referring to the fact that we have to call 2010 memes "old" already, "oh my" as is "oh my how the time flies".
I’m truly amazed by the detailed explanations of tidal disruption events and how supercomputers simulate these phenomena. The video is not only fascinating but also highly educational. I really appreciate how you made complex physics easy to grasp!
It was speculated that a star was nestled within the G2 cloud that was shredded by SgrA* back in 2013. The resulting energy release was off the charts, +14σ above background.
Awesome to see what simulations have come to. About 25 years ago I was working on the first implementation of GR into hydrodynamics code. We were simulating supernovae, and my masters thesis and PhD used my modification of a code called Extended Virginia Hydrodynamics 1 (EVH1). These new codes have gone so far since then!
We would love a video on the relationship between the definitions of entropy in thermodynamics as apposed to how entropy is defined in quantum mechanics and how each definition relates to the event horizon of a black hole.
@@supermassiveblackhole8182 Also on the topic of neutron star vocabulary, I think "Neutron Drip" has to be my favorite. That sounds like an interstellar version of "swag" or being "cool" :D
You describe these models as using non-rotating BHs. So how do the models change, and our observed effects change, when BH is rotating? Which I understand is 99% of BHs out there.
The black hole spin changes the angle through which the stellar debris precesses near the black hole via the Lens-Thirring effect, affecting the point of self-intersection in the debris orbit. The effect can go either way depending on if the TDE is prograde or retrograde relative to the BH spin, and will be more important for stars which make it closer to the BH where GR effects are stronger. In the general case, the angular momentum of the star relative to the BH will be misaligned with the BH spin, and precession near the BH will put the debris onto a different orbital plane. If this effect is strong enough, the self-intersection of the debris might be delayed for several orbits, also delaying the formation of the disk.
It's probably safe to say that all black holes extant in the universe today are rotating, and that most of them are rotating very quickly. I don't believe they've had nearly enough time to slow down much from the spin imparted on them during their collapse and from mass accreting into them.
It's really hard on the eyes when you flush and the "material" is subjected to such forces it ends up "emitting more light than the rest of it's galaxy."
For Quantum Entanglement, I use the example of wireless ear buds separated by great distance. If you hear the sound of one, knowing a little bit about the source, you can figure out the other. There are few dissimilarities and so many similarities that the example works for young folks. The difference can be figured out in less time than light could travel between the two buds.
The fireworks lover in me certainly wonders what would happen to different sorts of stellar objects in eTDEs like neutron stars, magnetars or even other black holes.
I imagine, using a black hole that is actually physically possible would cause the simulation to past like a thousand years. But otherwise, I guess this can still give you some good things to chase to add to the understanding.
“While general relativity…is certainly correct” With the exception of, 1. The very large scale 2. The very small scale 3. Extreme conditions such as the center of a black hole. All it takes is a little dark magic, and voiilà, the equations balance for the large scale. The small scale and the center of black holes will need a new type of magic, maybe light magic so there’s balance in the universe.
It’s things like this that make me wish there was some sort of ‘Research Coin’. Some sort of distributed computing setup where instead of getting coins for calculating really difficult to calculate but arbitrary numbers, you get coins for helping compute simulations and other science projects.
There's one called Charity Engine where your computation earns you entries into a periodic lottery for a money pot. It does jobs for non-profits, but I believe folks can also pay to have a job run as well. It runs on boinc, at least when I did it a bit a few years ago. Was pretty easy to set up.
What do you think of the idea of creating a tiny black hole and just orbiting it as an interstellar engine and “shield?” Any fast moving objects would get caught up in its orbit and you just park it in orbit and drop it where you need to put it to essentially drive it at the leading edge/elliptical orbit
If you'd like to deep dive into the black hole simulations check out: Taeho Ryu's Transient Universe www.youtube.com/@taehoryu6412?app=desktop and tell them (politely) that Space Time sent you!
Anyone else feel depressed seeing a star get killed by a black hole?
I'm an astronomer studying how to find transient sources with current and upcoming sky surveys. This video is incredibly well presented; I learned a few things about TDEs that I hadn't appreciated from the work I've studied. I have high expectations of PBS Space Time based on past viewing, but this video exceeded even what I've come to expect in terms of scientific and narrative excellence. Bravo, PBS Space Time! -Tom
Do we not expect most BH to have spin though? So would it not be better to base the simulations on spinning Kerr BHs rather than non-rotating Schwarzchild ones? or would that up the complexity of the simulations too much or something to do them?
@@henrythegreatamerican8136 Nope
Albino hi u doing 😊
I love that we need an “extreme” category to distinguish from boring, everyday events where a star is pulled apart.
The International Astronomical Union in Paris has the authority to name celestial objects and events. However, when astrophysicists spot something new and give it a name they usually approve it.
Oh yeah, the giant luminous blob is torn apart by obscure massive tri-dimensional sink... Regular as a walk around the block 😂😂
@@joaovitorgutkoskipaes1850 That's because it is just as regular.
Seeing how big space is it probably is a very common occurrence
Don't be dramatic. We all pull our stars apart one leg at a time, just like everyone else🙄
I really miss the Q&A after episodes. So many good details, so many good jokes.
Same. It was pretty often that they were getting behind on them, so it must be a decent amount of work, and I wouldn't be surprised if the viewership dropped off after that point.
I do think that they should do it, because of the connection to the audience that it brings which no other parts of the videos did, but I understand that it can be hard to justify if there's not a clear cut benefit in terms of viewership. I do think removing the comment responses is a net negative over a long enough period of time, so I would hope they consider bringing them back in the future
Yess very much agreed
He has been so busy this last year with doing space time, his actual job as a professor and working on his film which includes flying all over the world at the moment, with additional Patreon live chats etc and because the take a long time to do (the Q and A) something had to go unfortunately.
'This kills the star' You see, this is what sets this series apart. Concepts I understand!
The thing I found most surprising about these events is the timescale.
We all know space is unimaginably big, so whenever I think about things happening on the scale of galaxies I think "ah, well, that's going to take a thousand years to complete," but then hearing the accretion disc for an eTDE can form in just tens of *minutes* is insane.
That really is incredible isn't it?
or the fact that the galactic lobes are **thousands** of years old. they are nearly half the diameter of the milky way. wtaf
Read my main comment non of us you, me or them has the faintest idear how much say one solar mass slows time down by because they have not yet got a formula.
Just looking at our own galaxy, where central stars can be accelerated to a percentage of light sped gets to me. A STAR. Moving at a fraction of light speed without any leading zeroes in it.
And our moon mostly forming in just hours to days. When stuff happens it _happens_ !
Another home run for PBS Spacetime! This is consistently one of the most interesting channels on RUclips. You would think after a couple of years everything would have been covered, but no-o-o-. Not only is PBS Spacetime expanding, but the rate at which it's expanding is itself increasing! I'm glad I get to see it before it gets too red-shifted!
PBS Spacetime has 3.14 million subscribers. . Pi million. YAY for PBS Spacetime!
No more subscribers please😂🎉
Let's go for 670,616,629 (the speed of light in MPH) subscribers!
@@YogiMcCaw Ha, this is a science channel. Metric only, please.
Already 3.15 😢
"The black hole slurps up the entire spaghettified stellar noodle" 😂 Such poetry!!
Makes me want to eat a plate of spaghetti while watching Spacetime! LOL
So massive it reveals data about the black hole. Awesome.
I went to a trusty calculator. 45,000 seconds divided by sixty seconds, divided 60 minutes equals 12.5 hours. Now that's a firework show.
The subtle "This kills the star" at 1:19 made my day. A brilliant stellar-class flashback to the old memes. Bravo!
huh?
@@filonin2 "This Kills The Crab". It's an old meme, sir, but it checks out.
(Calling a 2010 meme "old", oh my)
Great tonight I will dream of spaghettification
@@qfoilHaha, I felt compelled to call it "old" because I was afraid of getting called out if I didn't! It's not CanIHazCheezburger or "How to Kill a Mockingbird" old, but it's not bakery fresh, either. ;-)
@@PhillipLangenkamp No no, I'm totally with you on that! I'm referring to the fact that we have to call 2010 memes "old" already, "oh my" as is "oh my how the time flies".
Perfect episode to watch whilst eating swirly ice cream.
I have a chocolate milkshake
Raspberry ripple because space tastes of raspberries.
@@yz250ftonyHey, it's mine!
Ice cream 🤢
@@yz250ftony I replied claiming that you had my milkshake, but RUclips deleted my reply. I didn't want to offend, you can keep it.
I love it when a PBS Space Time episode is sponsored by only the actual patrons.
"By PBS viewers like you. Thank you."
Watch all the ads, it helps the channel.
@@jimmyzhao2673 But the ads hurt my morale, so that's not a fair trade to me.
@@jimmyzhao2673 Better to just give them money directly.
tangentially, the fact that pbs spacetime doesn't have 10m subscribers by now is bonkers.
Disappointed Matt isn’t wearing that super drip jacket in the video. Look at our dude looking all badass
agreed. should have sported shades as well
He jacked is so black you don‘t see it.
He had a very Farscape look going there.
Matt is trying to keep the channel professional "by any means necessary" 😆
@@thetobi583 na let’s have him rolling in on a Harley like “what up nerds?”
Miss the old QA section at the end,
Same. I’m sure it was a lot of time and effort to come up with witty responses.
Man I'm so happy we get to watch these. Amazing content.
To my disappointment, the black leather jacket from the thumbnail was not being worn during the video
My disappointment is immeasurable and my day has been ruined.
Matt is so fine in that jacket 😻
This is better than science fiction. Amazing stuff.
I’m truly amazed by the detailed explanations of tidal disruption events and how supercomputers simulate these phenomena. The video is not only fascinating but also highly educational. I really appreciate how you made complex physics easy to grasp!
The light emitted from TDEs can outshine an entire galaxy, and that just overwhelms me with the sheer power of the universe.
It was speculated that a star was nestled within the G2 cloud that was shredded by SgrA* back in 2013. The resulting energy release was off the charts, +14σ above background.
Most smiles are started by another smile.
supermodel thumbnail pics now? okay space time turning the sexy up
Very simulating
The thumbnail was changed and I feel sad, it's just a TDE now, not sexy Matt...
@@LilGamingYes still sexy matt for me.
IDK why, but I find the normal TDE so beautiful.
Wow, those are some big-ass TDEs!
Awesome to see what simulations have come to. About 25 years ago I was working on the first implementation of GR into hydrodynamics code. We were simulating supernovae, and my masters thesis and PhD used my modification of a code called Extended Virginia Hydrodynamics 1 (EVH1). These new codes have gone so far since then!
Last time I was this fast, the first black holes were still forming!
Loved this one! Absolutely fascinating. Thank you!
You really do make my day when you show up on my feed, Matt. Thank you, PBS Space Time! 🎉
Gorgeous visualizations from those simulations. This video was a real treat to watch.
I just love looking at TDEs. Small ones, medium ones, big ones...
We would love a video on the relationship between the definitions of entropy in thermodynamics as apposed to how entropy is defined in quantum mechanics and how each definition relates to the event horizon of a black hole.
This has to be one of my top 3 favourite channels on RUclips. Always instantly click whenever there's a new video 😊
It gives me immense childlike joy every time I'm reminded that spaghettification is a perfectly legitimate term in astrophysics.
My favorite astrophysics term is "nuclear pasta". It has to do with the layers of a neutron star
@@supermassiveblackhole8182 Also on the topic of neutron star vocabulary, I think "Neutron Drip" has to be my favorite. That sounds like an interstellar version of "swag" or being "cool" :D
Matt certainly is looking streets ahead in that thumbnail
Relativistic Magneto-Hydrodynamics
Relativistic Quantum-Magneto-Hydrodynamics
Relativistic Gravito-Quanto-Magneto-Hydrodynamics
Please don't tell any Hollywood writers about those words. They will use them all wrong 😂.
This made me laff like an idiot, cheers
Another great episode thank you PBS Spacetime crew!
Congrats on a million Pi of subscribers!!
more commonly known as a MegaPi, Mpi
This channel is top class!
Wow! This episode was really super cool! Well done Matt!
"What happens when a star gets a little too close to a galaxy's central supermassive black hole?"
Me: **burp**
You describe these models as using non-rotating BHs. So how do the models change, and our observed effects change, when BH is rotating? Which I understand is 99% of BHs out there.
So Right!
The black hole spin changes the angle through which the stellar debris precesses near the black hole via the Lens-Thirring effect, affecting the point of self-intersection in the debris orbit. The effect can go either way depending on if the TDE is prograde or retrograde relative to the BH spin, and will be more important for stars which make it closer to the BH where GR effects are stronger. In the general case, the angular momentum of the star relative to the BH will be misaligned with the BH spin, and precession near the BH will put the debris onto a different orbital plane. If this effect is strong enough, the self-intersection of the debris might be delayed for several orbits, also delaying the formation of the disk.
@@zackandalman789 hmmm, I think I understand what you're saying. Thanks for the response.
It's probably safe to say that all black holes extant in the universe today are rotating, and that most of them are rotating very quickly. I don't believe they've had nearly enough time to slow down much from the spin imparted on them during their collapse and from mass accreting into them.
@@Vastinhow would they slow down? I guess if something picked up some angular momentum by flying by it?
Where jacket from thumbnail? ❤
Jensen Huang tech jacket
Fascinating video, Matt and team!
Absolute computational feat
that time sure knows how to space itself considering it makes up everything
So much to see black hole shine.
Stellar Noodles, Nozzle Shocks and a Hot Mess. I'm learning about astronomy here, I swear.
'Spaghettification' is one of my favourite pieces of jargon. Right up there with 'Thagomizer' and 'Meet-Meat Merger'.
Banger episode, those animations were incredible
Fantastic video, as always!
Fascinating. Excellent episode.
This is the best channel on You Tube.
Love this. Hooray PBS Space Time!
Interesting simulations. Thank you.
PBS, Thank you for your unyielding prowess and lucid explanations. 📀 they should have put your names on it.
Picture your toilet when it flushes but galactically
It's really hard on the eyes when you flush and the "material" is subjected to such forces it ends up "emitting more light than the rest of it's galaxy."
@@vladalterax9840 Remember to get up, put the lid down, flush and run.
Matt is absolutely mogging in the thumbnail
Stupid sexy O'Dowd
I agree. Nice jacket.
Matt, I have no idea what you just said 😂 I'm going to play it on repeat while I sleep. Thanks 🙏
Beyond amazing
> this kills the star
props to whoever dun did this. *chefs kiss*
Yesssss! Ditto! I had to stop and give my wife the entire backstory of the meme so that she could also enjoy it!
i don't get it :/
@@aneeshprasobhan Look up the "this kills the crab" meme! (It's fairly old, for a meme)
@@Blacklands ty
I really enjoy videos like this, thank you!
I cannot believe that its almost 10 years and this show still exists
Very interesting episode, y’all. Love to see it.
Loving the new intro, very stylish
Stars were violently hurt in the making of this video
Fascinating!
For Quantum Entanglement, I use the example of wireless ear buds separated by great distance. If you hear the sound of one, knowing a little bit about the source, you can figure out the other. There are few dissimilarities and so many similarities that the example works for young folks. The difference can be figured out in less time than light could travel between the two buds.
If it doesn’t capture how the correlation depends on how the things are measured, I think it doesn’t capture the important bits?
Cool stuff matt!!
Imagining the life of an unfortunate star end in mere minutes by a hundred million sun-mass Hole is scary.
Such a powerful build-up for maybe later 😢 I could never be in charge of spending we'd go broke 😂
I’m pretty sure the best pasta in the universe comes from a black hole devouring the crust of a neutron star
Watching simulations of black hole TDEs can be addictive, as it was in the Star Trek TNG episode "The Game."
Well said, great Video Matt ;-)
Thanks.
This is so awesome Ty
Thanks!!
TDE = black hole storm. Got it. This is FASCINATING.
"The Relativistic Hydrodynamic Simulation" 😂 It gets wilder and wilder.
Excellent.
Thanks
The video thumbnail looks like an album cover!
Those simulatuions were awesome. Terryfing, but awesome.
The fireworks lover in me certainly wonders what would happen to different sorts of stellar objects in eTDEs like neutron stars, magnetars or even other black holes.
I imagine, using a black hole that is actually physically possible would cause the simulation to past like a thousand years. But otherwise, I guess this can still give you some good things to chase to add to the understanding.
Great simulation.
Congrats on the π-million subscribers
15 seconds and I already liked it
Looking good in the thumbnail matty 👍
Dang, those are some nice TDEs 😏
Matt, you look real good in that jacket... nevrr take it off, my guy. Great video :)
The animation of the common TDE reminds me of the time I snagged my hand on an angle grinder.
you're looking good in that thumbnail 🥺
I think I figured why time slows down when you are around dense enough object, the density of states causes lags in the universe computer guys..
“While general relativity…is certainly correct”
With the exception of,
1. The very large scale
2. The very small scale
3. Extreme conditions such as the center of a black hole.
All it takes is a little dark magic, and voiilà, the equations balance for the large scale. The small scale and the center of black holes will need a new type of magic, maybe light magic so there’s balance in the universe.
I was JUST thinking, hmm, when did spacetime drop a video last?..
congrats on a megapi of subscribers.
There's something eerie about taking in seconds and minutes while talking about the interactions of theses gigantic monsters.
It’s things like this that make me wish there was some sort of ‘Research Coin’. Some sort of distributed computing setup where instead of getting coins for calculating really difficult to calculate but arbitrary numbers, you get coins for helping compute simulations and other science projects.
There are in fact a few, such as Gridcoin and other proof-of-stake cryptocurrncies.
There's one called Charity Engine where your computation earns you entries into a periodic lottery for a money pot. It does jobs for non-profits, but I believe folks can also pay to have a job run as well. It runs on boinc, at least when I did it a bit a few years ago. Was pretty easy to set up.
Maybe the "wow signal" the other day has been such TDE ^^
What do you think of the idea of creating a tiny black hole and just orbiting it as an interstellar engine and “shield?”
Any fast moving objects would get caught up in its orbit and you just park it in orbit and drop it where you need to put it to essentially drive it at the leading edge/elliptical orbit