What’s On The Other Side Of A Black Hole?

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  • Опубликовано: 30 мар 2020
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    Normal maps are useless inside black holes. At the event horizon - the ultimate point of no return as you approach a black hole - time and space themselves change their character. We need new coordinate systems to trace paths into the black hole interior. But the maps we draw using those coordinates reveal something unexpected - they don’t simply end inside the black hole, but continue beyond. In these maps, black holes become wormholes, and new universes lie on the other side.
    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Matt O'Dowd
    Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
    Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
    Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
    End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
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Комментарии • 3,9 тыс.

  • @RonaldMcPaul
    @RonaldMcPaul 4 года назад +4054

    Of all the channels on RUclips I don't understand, this one is my favorite.

    • @CyberSage796
      @CyberSage796 4 года назад +17

      Lol so true

    • @nathaneyring4858
      @nathaneyring4858 4 года назад +84

      I did an undergrad in physics, which is only enough to kind of get things. This stuff only really makes sense when speaking in math, and that math is often partial differential equations. It is rough.
      But hey, it sounds so cool when he makes it seem almost intelligible!

    • @TheExoplanetsChannel
      @TheExoplanetsChannel 4 года назад +7

      Agree

    • @ddobry21
      @ddobry21 4 года назад +27

      That's the beautiful thing about outer space and astrophysics and what not, so many unknowns while the little that we do know is jaw dropping. You just wanna know more

    • @mtbass3413
      @mtbass3413 4 года назад +7

      Exactly what I was thinking.

  • @Jeremiah6071
    @Jeremiah6071 4 года назад +910

    “Not only is the Universe stranger than we think, it is stranger than we can think.”
    ― Werner Heisenberg, Across the Frontiers

    • @tagunprice9762
      @tagunprice9762 4 года назад

      @To The Point 2020 lmao

    • @PazLeBon
      @PazLeBon 4 года назад +4

      less of the 'we' Mr Heisenberg

    • @RealMasterChief117
      @RealMasterChief117 4 года назад +9

      "Say my name" - Heisenberg

    • @juluma
      @juluma 4 года назад +9

      It's only that strange because our theory about it is so ridiculous.

    • @jhosp89
      @jhosp89 4 года назад

      J B . Wow that's very true!

  • @HalcyonTune
    @HalcyonTune 3 года назад +480

    Who else tries to see how long you can try and pay attention and understand what he is saying until you eventually snap out of a thought and realize you have been drifting about in your mind for a few minutes now and are completely lost.

    • @GinoNL
      @GinoNL 3 года назад +6

      🙋🏼‍♂️

    • @UltimatePowa
      @UltimatePowa 3 года назад +23

      Thats the point, nobody understands it, not even physicists.
      I mean, they understand parts of it, but thats why he is asking so many questions rather than answering them.
      Science always leaves you with more questions in the end.

    • @sh0ulderh0pper4
      @sh0ulderh0pper4 3 года назад +15

      I try to watch, rewind a few minutes, watch it again, rewind again.. and do this around 4, 5 times. Then I give up. But it gives me a feel good feeling to know the Universe is infinitely more mysterious, crazy and interesting than any scifi ever made.

    • @Boogbama123
      @Boogbama123 2 года назад +6

      Thank goodness for the comments or I would have fell asleep on the toilet 🚽

    • @Horuschina
      @Horuschina 2 года назад +3

      Hehe what are you talking about . It is clear as mud

  • @luvslogistics1725
    @luvslogistics1725 3 года назад +56

    I can’t wrap my head around this stuff. Glad there’s people that understand physics.

  • @bigimskiweisenheimer8325
    @bigimskiweisenheimer8325 4 года назад +1265

    I feel like the guy who realised he is sitting in the wrong class on the first day.

    • @thebargoblin3226
      @thebargoblin3226 4 года назад +4

      lmao

    • @nickcarroll8565
      @nickcarroll8565 4 года назад +27

      This was me on my first day of embryology in med school, I might as well have entered into an intermediate mandarin course 😅

    • @miguela4998
      @miguela4998 4 года назад +7

      Me but on the last day

    • @samueldavis5895
      @samueldavis5895 4 года назад +4

      Brainjock he always does. It’s pretty much expected that the the viewer has some prior knowledge in astrophysics and cosmology as well as quantum... yea, I would just watch as much as you can and over the years you will soak it up if it really interests you.

    • @samueldavis5895
      @samueldavis5895 4 года назад

      Brainjock yes, I agree. Vsauce is nice too for more straight forward explanations

  • @darknessanddistance4469
    @darknessanddistance4469 4 года назад +799

    What's on the other side of a black hole? Billions and billions of unpaired socks

  • @chrisboucher1987
    @chrisboucher1987 4 года назад +106

    I really wish youtube and channel like this were available when I was younger, I would've been much more likely to get into math rather than asking "What am I going to ever use trig for?"

    • @mandaJt
      @mandaJt 3 года назад +19

      Exactly. We're taught to hate and fear math because it's usually taught in such an ass-backwards manner. If only we were shown at a young age how fascinating it is.

    • @TheJeremyKentBGross
      @TheJeremyKentBGross 3 года назад +2

      @@mandaJt I was in the 3rd quarter of calculus based physics in college when I realized I was finally learning all the things i desperately wanted to know in grade school but nobody would teach me. And I thought: man, why couldn't they have taught me this back then, I wouldn't have nearly flunked out of middle school before my folks brought the hammer down about studying. And then I realized that all the folks I was helping in the math lab as a tutor were elementary school education majors who could barely pass basic algebra with loads of help, and it all made perfect sense.

    • @jeffw8218
      @jeffw8218 2 года назад

      Or maybe, blame your government for giving you shitty teachers 👍

  • @irferf
    @irferf 3 года назад +21

    10:22 “it’s okay that this doesn’t make much sense"
    oh awesome phew

  • @victorbruant389
    @victorbruant389 4 года назад +498

    A bookshelf. Duh.

  • @TheRealGuywithoutaMustache
    @TheRealGuywithoutaMustache 4 года назад +448

    Came in with curiosity
    Left with a degree in physics
    This channel talks about so many fascinating topics.

    • @Thisisaweirdthing2makeusdo
      @Thisisaweirdthing2makeusdo 4 года назад +11

      Just Some Guy without a Mustache alway feels great to learn something new.

    • @Thisisaweirdthing2makeusdo
      @Thisisaweirdthing2makeusdo 4 года назад +7

      Also you need a moustache your lip will get cold

    • @maestrofrags3436
      @maestrofrags3436 4 года назад +9

      I blocked u why am i still seeing ur comments

    • @nathanielmathews2617
      @nathanielmathews2617 4 года назад +5

      Seriously. I tried physics and astronomy in college and even though I learned a lot it wasn't for me despite how much I adore both of them. I'm focusing on being a psychologist.
      This channel allows me to continue learning at a significant rate, it even increases in complexity when you get to things such as the holographic principle. It keeps the mind seriously engaged.

    • @Psiberzerker
      @Psiberzerker 4 года назад +1

      You need to finish advanced Calculus just to take Astrophysics. This is bordering on Science Fiction. Your graduate degree is not in the mail.

  • @markweerheim3628
    @markweerheim3628 3 года назад +48

    I'm following a course on General Relativity now at university, and for the first time in my life I have watched a PBS Space Time video and understood nearly all of it

    • @lbarudi
      @lbarudi Год назад

      This is actually beautiful

    • @14isoldenough
      @14isoldenough 11 месяцев назад

      This makes no sense. Im feel dumb asf watching this.

  • @trexx3298
    @trexx3298 3 года назад +74

    "I understand all the words and sentences but not the meaning that they convey" - my last bench mate

  • @DarthDawydh
    @DarthDawydh 4 года назад +2427

    It's always fun to come here and pretend to understand what he says.

  • @motor-head
    @motor-head 4 года назад +244

    Stay safe Matt. I can't imagine a world without Space Time.

  • @cirjeex6412
    @cirjeex6412 3 года назад +31

    This guy makes me wanna go back to school and get a degree in physics just so i can understand this.

  • @nomekop777
    @nomekop777 4 года назад +42

    6:03 "If we trace those coordinates to their full extent, we get what we call a "Maximally Extended Schwartzchild Solution."
    So, you get a mess

  • @chazblank2717
    @chazblank2717 4 года назад +158

    Fry: “Are there even more universes?”
    Professor: “Nope. Just ours and the Cowboy Hat Universe.”

  • @drdeesnutts48
    @drdeesnutts48 4 года назад +122

    Matt raises an interesting point, there is a substantial lack of penguins on this channel.

    • @CoreDreamStudios
      @CoreDreamStudios 4 года назад +4

      club penguin music intensifies

    • @davburns
      @davburns 4 года назад

      But there are monkeys and other primates. So there's that.

    • @stanrogers5613
      @stanrogers5613 4 года назад +2

      So you want more videos on CP violation?

    • @svchineeljunk-riggedschoon4038
      @svchineeljunk-riggedschoon4038 4 года назад +1

      I'm definitely not a penguin.
      Got any fish?

    • @LeBellmont
      @LeBellmont 4 года назад

      I think he mistook the ducks for pengus

  • @MrBernardthecow
    @MrBernardthecow 3 года назад +6

    I started watching Spacetime about a year ago from the first episode. I have finally caught up with the episode that came out when I started. What a brilliant channel! Thank you.

  • @moinakdey9268
    @moinakdey9268 3 года назад +5

    amazing graphics as well as amazing teaching. enjoyed it very much. one of my most favorite channels across youtube.
    Thanks Sir Matt O'Dowd

  • @DvDick
    @DvDick 4 года назад +151

    "think of any ridiculously energetic process, now take that number and multiply that by 10 to the power of some stupidly large number"
    I'm going to steal this lol

    • @steviestephens3301
      @steviestephens3301 4 года назад +26

      This line could have easily come from the Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy.

    • @TheExoplanetsChannel
      @TheExoplanetsChannel 4 года назад

      Lol

    • @stefanhensel8611
      @stefanhensel8611 4 года назад +7

      The energy density would be so extreme that it would instantly form a new black hole …

    • @kirkanos771
      @kirkanos771 4 года назад +3

      @@stefanhensel8611 You just reinvented BlackholeCeption !

    • @NZRic001
      @NZRic001 4 года назад

      Proposee: "How good are you?"
      Proposer: "Think of the energy your other lovers used and what you got out of it... now take that number and multiply that by 10 to the power of some stupidly large number... THAT is how good I am."
      Proposee: "Here is my number."
      Thinking this is a theory to pursue...

  • @TheMrMxyspptlk
    @TheMrMxyspptlk 4 года назад +174

    If space and time swap inside a black hole, in which direction do I see myself spaghettified if I fall into it? - a concerned Italian.

    • @RequiemPoete
      @RequiemPoete 4 года назад +28

      Purple

    • @TheMrMxyspptlk
      @TheMrMxyspptlk 4 года назад +9

      @@RequiemPoete that's a fairly good answer

    • @MrTribal311
      @MrTribal311 3 года назад +4

      would you be able to feel spaghettification? Would you feel nothing because time is still or feel it forever (for lack of a better word)? - a confused Canadian.

    • @MrTribal311
      @MrTribal311 3 года назад +5

      Never mind watched a vid.....so much worse then I thought

    • @RubelliteFae
      @RubelliteFae 3 года назад +6

      You've already been spaghettified before crossing the event horizon, so there is no longer a "you" to continue being concerned.

  • @eliskakordulova
    @eliskakordulova 2 года назад +5

    I love watching videos I don't understand a word of. It's kinda calming.

    • @thomasp2516
      @thomasp2516 2 года назад +2

      It is great for falling asleep!

  • @peterszij
    @peterszij 3 года назад +1

    14:41 "happy little entanglements" - aww, mate :D
    Excellent video, as always!

  • @georgebeauchamp3287
    @georgebeauchamp3287 4 года назад +201

    "There once was a girl named Bright;
    Who could travel much faster than light;
    She went out one day;
    In just such a way;
    And returned the previous night."
    - Niven

    • @johnfruh
      @johnfruh 4 года назад +26

      The way I've heard it, the limerick goes something like this...
      "There once was a lady named Sprite;
      Who could travel much faster than light;
      She left one day;
      In a relative way;
      And returned the previous night."

    • @erikhy
      @erikhy 4 года назад +2

      And if you want to go down a classic rabbit hole, Google "Pretty Poly Nomial" or "Impure Mathematics."

    • @altareggo
      @altareggo 4 года назад +1

      I think we've all either heard or made up slightly different versions of this and most other limmericks, lol. Mine is:
      There was a young lady named Bright,
      Whose speed was much faster than light.
      She went out one day
      In a relative way,
      And returned the previous night!!

    • @phd1313
      @phd1313 4 года назад +2

      Nice! But maybe she had a jealous sister who tried the same, nevertheless got stuck in vain and now the b*mbo is stuck in limbo?

    • @smoothred9453
      @smoothred9453 4 года назад +2

      @@phd1313 luckily Bright warned her not to try that, before her sister had done it, after Bright found.

  • @erikhy
    @erikhy 4 года назад +134

    "There once was a fellow named Dark,
    Who entered a black hole on a lark
    Time became space and space became time
    And he compressed to the size of a quark."
    -EH

  • @ericnail1
    @ericnail1 3 года назад

    Three hours have passed, endless science questions queried, and for each, you sir have had a video. Kudos.

  • @ericelm4724
    @ericelm4724 3 года назад +4

    I always used to think a black hole was an actual hole when I was younger. Then I learned more and believed they was just incredibly dense mass with such gravity even light couldn't escape. Now I'm back to square one

  • @johnshearer8800
    @johnshearer8800 4 года назад +75

    "... there's no abrupt edge to spacetime flapping in the wind" made me lol

  • @Nulley0
    @Nulley0 4 года назад +390

    Today is April's fools day
    Him: Faster than light travel is impossible
    Me: So it is possible

    • @seeker11
      @seeker11 4 года назад +25

      No, its necessary.

    • @DeuceGenius
      @DeuceGenius 4 года назад +5

      with wormholes you could get from point a to point b faster than light

    • @dharanidharnayak9766
      @dharanidharnayak9766 4 года назад +1

      Tachyon are subatomic particles faster than photons / light

    • @Valerio_the_wandering_sprite
      @Valerio_the_wandering_sprite 4 года назад

      Correct, space is expanding at a superluminal speed.

    • @randomguy263
      @randomguy263 4 года назад +1

      @@DeuceGenius Well, yes, but you would've also traveled back in time, so not really anything wrong there

  • @guillaumemaurice3503
    @guillaumemaurice3503 3 года назад

    Thank you for sharing this video that was very powerful. I really enjoyed it. Well presented.

  • @thexalon
    @thexalon 4 года назад +81

    We already know what we'd find in a parallel universe: It's like this universe, but Spock has a beard and everybody's evil!

    • @tristman8413
      @tristman8413 3 года назад +2

      And I'd be rich!

    • @coffeetalk924
      @coffeetalk924 3 года назад

      And you have better social skills

    • @georgesolomon9505
      @georgesolomon9505 3 года назад

      I think the other side is the good one 🕜🕜

    • @andrewpatrick4254
      @andrewpatrick4254 2 года назад

      And Eric Cartman is good.

    • @zach11241
      @zach11241 2 года назад

      Don’t forget that PICCCCCCCCAAAARRRRRRD!!!!!! Is Khan’s evil nemesis!

  • @rickdaum6881
    @rickdaum6881 4 года назад +226

    I wonder why I enjoy listening to this stuff so much when I can’t understand any of it ??!!

    • @jeffo9396
      @jeffo9396 4 года назад +27

      Maybe you're hoping that your subconscious can understand it better than your conscious.

    • @NewBeginningNewCreation
      @NewBeginningNewCreation 4 года назад +10

      The mind has an primal hunger of knowledge and understanding. No matter how much you try to "dumb down" the mind and go through the daily motions.

    • @rickdaum6881
      @rickdaum6881 4 года назад +1

      martytime march well I must be working overtime 🤣

    • @Boogbama123
      @Boogbama123 4 года назад +2

      The real question is.....do you accept this as truth even though you don't understand? And if yes...then why?

    • @Boogbama123
      @Boogbama123 4 года назад

      @DoubleEdgeSword who mentioned religion?

  • @whoever6458
    @whoever6458 4 года назад +159

    What do we want? Time travel!
    When do we want it? It's irrelevant!

    • @catharanne2323
      @catharanne2323 3 года назад +7

      I know this is from 5 months ago, but gosh darn that really made me chuckle 😂😂👏🏼

    • @whoever6458
      @whoever6458 3 года назад +6

      @@catharanne2323 At least we have succeeded in time travel into the future then. lol

    • @catharanne2323
      @catharanne2323 3 года назад +2

      @@whoever6458 😋

    • @jamesfry8983
      @jamesfry8983 3 года назад +2

      What do we want? Time travel!
      When do we want it? At least 10 minutes before we thought of it

    • @bazf5042
      @bazf5042 2 года назад

      Take it you have been watching terminator.

  • @BladeRunner-td8be
    @BladeRunner-td8be 3 года назад +8

    In college I was always at or near the top of the classes I took. But I wasn't taking physics or very high level math classes. The brain this guy possesses is so much more intelligent than my brain and it's not just him. In my life I've run across a lot of people who are insanely smart. I would say I only understand about 30 percent of what this guy is talking about and the amazing thing is I keep watching and listening anyway.

    • @jonnnnniej
      @jonnnnniej 2 года назад

      To me there's always a big difference between people who know how to store information and people who know how to process information. It's ofcourse a plus to be able to remember a lot of info, but what's the use when you can't see the connections

  • @Yetipfote
    @Yetipfote 3 года назад

    The ape falling into the funnel had me in stitches 😂

  • @arldoran
    @arldoran 4 года назад +70

    "It's ok that it doesn't make much sense."
    Quote of the episode!

    • @TheExoplanetsChannel
      @TheExoplanetsChannel 4 года назад +1

      Haha

    • @dobdoa3691
      @dobdoa3691 4 года назад

      Probably because no one really knows, just conjecture and hyperbole. Do blackholes even exist in our dimension?

    • @arldoran
      @arldoran 4 года назад

      @@dobdoa3691 check this article pls; www.researchgate.net/publication/325709903_Are_Black_Holes_Actually_Quark_Stars

    • @downsjmmyjones101
      @downsjmmyjones101 4 года назад

      This should be the tagline for the whole channel.

  • @ianprado1488
    @ianprado1488 4 года назад +273

    Matt: _"normal maps are useless"_
    Me: ptsd from flat earth arguments

    • @discomfort5760
      @discomfort5760 4 года назад +14

      They should know better. It's obviously a truncated octahedron.

    • @01oo011
      @01oo011 4 года назад +11

      It would be pretty flat without a normal map

    • @marissajustice2411
      @marissajustice2411 4 года назад

      Yooo

    • @ianprado1488
      @ianprado1488 4 года назад

      @pyropulse maybe I am

    • @thenasadude6878
      @thenasadude6878 4 года назад

      @@discomfort5760 did we obtain OCTAHEDRON of Transcendence?

  • @olidouze8022
    @olidouze8022 2 года назад

    Such an awesome channel with high quality videos!

  • @Drew_goo
    @Drew_goo 3 года назад +5

    If space is infinite, doesn't that suggest that any "parallel" universe, is really the same universe as one parallel to it? If the universe is infinite, surely you would never be able to tell if you were in a "different" universe.

  • @troyc7726
    @troyc7726 4 года назад +71

    im always been a pretty smart person then i met people like this in college and realized i was average

    • @RubelliteFae
      @RubelliteFae 3 года назад +2

      mood

    • @rmichaud47
      @rmichaud47 3 года назад +1

      I hate being average.

    • @gregmerritt9366
      @gregmerritt9366 3 года назад

      ...and...with that in mind, I've also been that "hyperintelligent by comparison" in other environments. Kinda unsettling how little it takes to be considered a functioning adult, with that said.

    • @lukeskywalker4939
      @lukeskywalker4939 3 года назад +17

      It’s all about understanding and analysis. Just because one understands more about a specific subject matter does not mean they are more intelligent they you.

    • @RubelliteFae
      @RubelliteFae 3 года назад +10

      @@lukeskywalker4939 Agreed. Also, just because someone can fulfill the tasks which lead to their grade doesn't mean that they have a good understanding of the subject matter. It's frightening how many students now (after a generation of massive standardized testing) expect that a given question has a specifically worded answer rather than being able to work it out from the previously learned material. I.e., logic & critical thinking are quickly disappearing, even among university graduates.

  • @joeltashinian5888
    @joeltashinian5888 4 года назад +25

    INTERVIEWER: What's your favorite number?
    MATT: 10^some stupidly large number

  • @HGPOfficialGaming
    @HGPOfficialGaming 3 года назад

    Just found out this video, that I can watch it in 2160p. I am astounded. It looks.... amazing!

  • @MrProset
    @MrProset 3 года назад

    These PBS shows are so good, pbs eons, origin of Everything and 2 cents 👌

  • @MattH-wg7ou
    @MattH-wg7ou 4 года назад +41

    "A Plummeting Cartographer" is going to be the name of my band.

    • @over7532
      @over7532 4 года назад

      Gay!

    • @thestruggler3338
      @thestruggler3338 4 года назад +1

      Im thinking.. The .Super Lumenals

    • @tonysantiago6643
      @tonysantiago6643 4 года назад

      Mines gonna be "White Hole" lol!

    • @ArnabBose
      @ArnabBose 4 года назад +1

      I like The Silent Cartographer too.

    • @ajones3038
      @ajones3038 4 года назад

      Too bad it's not the late 90s early 2000s when some people actually cared about crappy alt rock bands

  • @thecount25
    @thecount25 4 года назад +194

    Fry: So there are an infinite number of universes?
    Professor Farnsworth: No no, just the two.

    • @laurenno8674
      @laurenno8674 4 года назад +16

      Until he created that damned box.

    • @Buster-im5so
      @Buster-im5so 4 года назад +10

      @@laurenno8674 we're sandwiched somewhere between alpha and omega (beginning and ending) in this paradoxical deferment we exist in.

    •  4 года назад +4

      @@Buster-im5so No.

    • @RequiemPoete
      @RequiemPoete 4 года назад +8

      Bite my glorious golden ass!

    • @LeNomEstYves
      @LeNomEstYves 4 года назад +9

      @Science Revolution Found the stoner.

  • @anthonycongiano8890
    @anthonycongiano8890 3 года назад

    Great video!!! Quick question, at 4:46 why is the black hole singularity at the top (widest portion) of the diagram? I would have presumed it to be at the bottom bending space time into a single point, no?

  • @ShooterInfinity
    @ShooterInfinity 3 года назад

    Hi Professor O'Dowd, Former student of yours here, current IT Sys Admin at Lehman. Loved your lectures. Can you do a series on planck length? I often hear how the universe (relative to us) is smaller than it is larger. Is that right? Can you discuss?! Thanks.

  • @hubbaba
    @hubbaba 4 года назад +8

    Please keep these episodes up during these crazy times. It really helps to keep learning! Thank you to everyone at PBS!

  • @danielm.1441
    @danielm.1441 4 года назад +31

    "An inevitable crushing future in which the space around you becomes infinitely curved"
    Are singularities the end result of self-isolation?

    • @ronsutherland9494
      @ronsutherland9494 4 года назад

      l SciFSCIFI
      ll

    • @mykofreder1682
      @mykofreder1682 4 года назад

      To use a worm hole you would have to survive the near infinite density and your atoms being torn back into elementary particles or even some lower levels of time/space/particles we are unaware of. An infinite number of possibilities come from fantasy mathematics beyond the event horizon. The realm of the densest part of a black hole is probably unobtainable in experiments and the real physics of the super dense probably will never be known. Extending what we observe into the area is a logical approach but most likely doesn't come close to the reality of the real black hole.

  • @theklaus7436
    @theklaus7436 2 года назад

    I have learned a lot, but there’s some thing I can’t get my head around. But I think it’s exiting even i struggle to understand it

  • @maryt7959
    @maryt7959 2 года назад

    You are great at explaining the science of the universe !!!! 👏👏👏❤️

  • @JakDRipa
    @JakDRipa 4 года назад +5

    I’m wondering how seriously we should take the idea of just extending maps to see what they look like. In sticking with the comparison to maps of earth, I can imagine someone saying “the lines converge at the north and south poles, so if we extend the lines, we can see that there’s mirror reversed earths stuck to the north and south poles, as the longitudes diverge again.”

    • @dantemereanca4596
      @dantemereanca4596 4 года назад +1

      My thoughts exactly. Penrose diagrams are just a model that fit our observations of the universe. They are not a rule book that the universe follows and it’s quite possible that the penrose diagram would simply not work when trying to explain what happens when you cross the event
      horizon

  • @phd1313
    @phd1313 4 года назад +46

    When Matt is starting to have difficulty pronouncing his own text, you know you are about to rewind 10 seconds (or back to the beginning)

    • @catman64k
      @catman64k 4 года назад +5

      well, at least he is trying to pronounce all properly and is improving over time. Not every scientist is english speaking, so you have a lot of german, french, russian, etc scientist as well, after whom are certain things named. so he has a lot of names, that are pronounced very differently, from what you are used to in english.

  • @solapowsj25
    @solapowsj25 3 года назад

    Most interesting presentation. Thank you.

  • @Antelopesinsideme
    @Antelopesinsideme 2 года назад

    This made so much sense that I had to watch it twice

  • @herbertkeithmiller
    @herbertkeithmiller 4 года назад +231

    A viewer 20 years from now; Why is Matt emphasizing he's alone in his apartment and using hand sanitizer?

    • @useodyseeorbitchute9450
      @useodyseeorbitchute9450 4 года назад +27

      You don't want to know... those days of late republic period were highly decadent.

    • @bicycleninja1685
      @bicycleninja1685 4 года назад +4

      ...talking about how entanglement doesn't have to be monogamous.

    • @rere4202
      @rere4202 4 года назад

      There is a 50% probability that the observed result is in fact a bottle of lube, you just measured it wrong.

    • @uberfu
      @uberfu 3 года назад +1

      at Herbert Miller -- Does that preclude everyone making web videos (or content) going back to at least the start of Feb 2020 put a disclaimer on every thing they produce?
      Or mabye you simply infer that people would be too dumb to correlate the historical events of 2020 and figure it out?
      Go search for photos of 1930s era depression lines ...
      "Gee, I wonder why all those people are standing in line, must be for concert tickets? No wait .. that sign says 'free food'; must be either 'normal' homeless or a promotion at the restaurant in the picture; couldn't possibly be a national depression, because ya know there was no Internet back then". Based on your comment, I kind of put you in the latter.
      PS - Make sure you label your comment so people 20 years from now know WTF you're comment is referencing.

  • @teratokomi8731
    @teratokomi8731 4 года назад +33

    Black holes dont have a back side. They just have an inside.

    • @dezmondtchalla3126
      @dezmondtchalla3126 3 года назад +3

      Thats what I came here for. Thank you

    • @GinoNL
      @GinoNL 3 года назад +3

      That depends. Are you looking from a 2d/3d/4d perspective? Do you include/exclude the even horizon? Do you include quantum mechanics?

  • @JS-ed2hg
    @JS-ed2hg 2 года назад

    See I watch a lot of documentaries, science ECT and I've seen a lot about black holes different theories. How they're formed and everything but I always thought of them as being a type of almost wormhole. Very well done here.

  • @jonnaphendoonsberg365
    @jonnaphendoonsberg365 3 года назад

    that is so confusing but at the same time so easy to understand.... I'm now even more confused by that fact xD
    Great video, you've done a great job, thank you very much ^^

  • @77x5ghost
    @77x5ghost 4 года назад +95

    just backwards long jump multiple times and you'll end up in a parallel universe

    • @scottbrown2252
      @scottbrown2252 4 года назад +20

      Yih! Yih! Yih! Yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yihoo!

    • @CyberSage796
      @CyberSage796 4 года назад +8

      Is that mario 64 reference?

    • @TheExoplanetsChannel
      @TheExoplanetsChannel 4 года назад

      Wow

    • @T34RG45
      @T34RG45 4 года назад +4

      @@CyberSage796 speedrunner mario vs melee fox by TerminalMontage

    • @lorenh763
      @lorenh763 4 года назад +1

      This actually works

  • @MrPublicPain
    @MrPublicPain 4 года назад +34

    White room, obviously! The chairs are comfy but the wait times are endless!

    • @MammaApa
      @MammaApa 4 года назад +3

      At least the music is good. IT'S 3 AM ETERNAL.

    • @inertnet
      @inertnet 4 года назад +1

      @@MammaApa Or Cream: ruclips.net/video/VR90gQ-SIaY/видео.html

    • @thenasadude6878
      @thenasadude6878 4 года назад +3

      Is it a white room, with black curtains, near the station?

    • @samsungtelevision695
      @samsungtelevision695 4 года назад +2

      MammaApa KLF is gonna rock ya

  • @adameljarieh3139
    @adameljarieh3139 3 года назад +1

    Is it possible to have entangled particles in a closed loop system so that they are not just sharing information faster than the speed of light but also changing information at the speed of light as well?

  • @MrPanga1921
    @MrPanga1921 3 года назад +1

    This channel needs a cliff notes or A for dummies section. I completely understand other people when they talk about this stuff. For the most part. I come here and quickly realize... I never know what they’re saying at all lmao

  • @manonthedollar
    @manonthedollar 4 года назад +45

    I saw the title and thought, "there's gonna be Penrose diagrams!"
    And behold, there were Penrose diagrams. I learned about those from this channel. Thanks!

  • @Nickydoo-os2ny
    @Nickydoo-os2ny 4 года назад +37

    Me: We did it! We made it to another universe!
    Warhammer 40k Universe: Immediate high gothic chanting
    Me: Uhhhh let's go back!

  • @keepgoing1973
    @keepgoing1973 2 года назад +2

    "what's on the other side of a black hole?"
    Like this guy knows haha

  • @GuruishMike
    @GuruishMike 3 года назад +1

    Was this super simplified? Still can't understand it, but I loved it.

  • @Danimal1177
    @Danimal1177 4 года назад +37

    10:20: "It's okay that this doesn't make much sense." Good, now I don't fee quite as dumb.

  • @oberoiswisdom9589
    @oberoiswisdom9589 4 года назад +12

    This is the most satisfying answer to this question I've ever seen

  • @markcarter9476
    @markcarter9476 2 года назад

    Wow, this is at a new level, I obviously have some serious craming to get done ....

  • @flaviusmersan4110
    @flaviusmersan4110 3 года назад +1

    I’m always fascinated about how much we know about the universe and only 5 percent about the seas and oceans here on Earth

  • @evilotis01
    @evilotis01 4 года назад +30

    a "Maximally Extended Schwarzchild Solution", eh? a right old MESS indeed

    • @elementfayt
      @elementfayt 4 года назад

      you keep doing whatever it is that you are doing :)

  • @mythiccheese_
    @mythiccheese_ 4 года назад +25

    1:58 "Relatively simple"

    • @randomguy-jd8su
      @randomguy-jd8su 3 года назад +4

      lol

    • @banu6301
      @banu6301 3 года назад

      it is indeed simple relative to more complicated math

  • @franckgambu244
    @franckgambu244 2 года назад +1

    On a mundane point of view, people tend to forget than besides the required FTL speed, you also have to dig trough a huge neutron star to reach the singularity.

  • @Vastin
    @Vastin 3 года назад +1

    The problem with crossing the edge - any edge - of a Penrose diagram is that all those edges are *infinitely* far away. Doesn't matter if they bound on nothing, or if they bound on the event horizon of a black hole, it still takes infinite time to reach the edge, making it impossible to cross, even for light. The fact that you can draw a nice straight line across it in no way helps, because you are effectively stating that your line is infinitely long.
    Thus you are stuck with precisely the same problem you had with the Schwarzchild diagram - your timeline slows down infinitely as you approach this bounded 'edge' of the Penrose diagram, and you can never reach it, whether it's the unbounded 'edge' of the universe, or the Schwarzchild radius of a black hole, neither diagram allows a photon to escape our universe in less-than-infinite time.

  • @FGDDD7
    @FGDDD7 4 года назад +33

    Maximally Extended Schwartzchild Solution. That acronym can't be an accident

  • @kjustkses
    @kjustkses 4 года назад +244

    Just another turtle. It just turtles all the way down. 🐢 🐢🐢🐢🐢...

  • @jacobopstad5483
    @jacobopstad5483 3 года назад +3

    Not sure where to go to ask this so I'll ask it here: Is there any theoretical upper limit to the size of a black hole? And if there is, what would happen if a black hole reached that limit? Could universe-sized black holes exist?

    • @MaxOakland
      @MaxOakland Год назад +2

      That’s a really interesting question I’ve never seen anyone ask before

  • @jackbrady9738
    @jackbrady9738 3 года назад

    Mega well explained great graphics thank u

  • @zolikoff
    @zolikoff 4 года назад +55

    Start of video: "Normal maps are useless..."
    CGI artist: *angrily closes video and unsubscribes*

    • @momoproblems0
      @momoproblems0 4 года назад

      why? in CGI you can make anything, so if anything they will be excited. Noob.

    • @FENomadtrooper
      @FENomadtrooper 4 года назад +2

      Then he starts dissing stretching in UV maps.

    • @mduckernz
      @mduckernz 4 года назад +1

      @@momoproblems0 You didn't understand the reference.

  • @albertjackinson
    @albertjackinson 4 года назад +69

    1:56
    Matt: A relatively simple bit of math.
    Me: *looks at the schwarzschild metric* You have got to be kidding me! That's not simple at all!

    • @Erik-pu4mj
      @Erik-pu4mj 4 года назад +18

      Everything is relative in physics.

    • @John-jc3ty
      @John-jc3ty 4 года назад +15

      compared to the math required to get the metric of a regular rotating and non eternal blackhole...

    • @albertjackinson
      @albertjackinson 4 года назад

      @@Erik-pu4mj Good point.

    • @sadderwhiskeymann
      @sadderwhiskeymann 4 года назад

      maybe a joke? humor? anybody?
      edit:in not, i am with John!

    • @filonin2
      @filonin2 4 года назад +7

      @@sadderwhiskeymann It's not even pages long. It IS pretty simple, relatively.

  • @Mysicalgreenunicorn03
    @Mysicalgreenunicorn03 3 года назад +12

    I’m still trying to figure out why the chicken crossed the road...

    • @rustyray420
      @rustyray420 3 года назад +1

      To get sphagettified

    • @Boogbama123
      @Boogbama123 2 года назад

      Or which came first the chicken or the egg

  • @Ian-gk7ne
    @Ian-gk7ne 3 года назад

    Cheers! Now I have a headache trying to understand all of that!!

  • @VaderDarth512
    @VaderDarth512 4 года назад +16

    Question: According to the theory of Hawking Radiation, a black hole may eventually evaporate away (in a very very long time) right? In addition, when one is falling into a black hole, time slows down for them and they see the universe behind them with its time accelerated faster and faster. My question is, that is it possible that the black hole would dissolve before the person reaches the singularity?
    I might be wrong in most of what i said lol

    • @archias69
      @archias69 4 года назад +3

      This was answered in a previous video about black holes, you don't actually see the universe in fastforward when passing the event horizon because your past light cone does not cover that part of the diagram.
      Or at least that's what i understood of it.

    • @ekrotte8714
      @ekrotte8714 4 года назад +2

      The black hole bleeds energy ergo mass via this radiation. If it looses enough energy, shouldn't it cease to be dense enough to be a black hole? Or does it shrink in diameter?

    • @michalbreznicky7460
      @michalbreznicky7460 4 года назад +2

      I was wondering myself. Apparently, regarding the universe, you wouldn't see it accelerate unless you fire your rockets in order to slow down your fall and try to race away at near light speed. If you instead stay in free-fall, you will see the universe at a normal pace.
      Regarding the Hawking radiation, I found this: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/22498/from-where-in-space-time-does-hawking-radiation-originate.
      The diagram on the site shows an evaporating black hole, and apparently the horizon is at an 45 degree angle even in that case. That suggests that once you're in, you're doomed as usual. It's far from clear to me what happens to spacetime at the point where the black hole evaporates though.
      Maybe a good topic to ask for a future video? :)

    • @zodiacfml
      @zodiacfml 4 года назад

      simply think of the person as a bunch of particles.

  • @M4rtingale
    @M4rtingale 4 года назад +3

    He protecc
    He attacc
    But most importantly
    He bacc

  • @ClellBiggs
    @ClellBiggs 4 года назад +1

    This stuff is over my head but I had a thought/question. Could a black hole get so massive that it could tear a hole through the fabric of space, and if so what would happen?

  • @cdurkinz
    @cdurkinz 3 года назад

    What happens if you use a warp drive to "travel faster than light" or stretch/shrink space faster than light or whatever, into a black hole?

  • @sting0072007
    @sting0072007 4 года назад +57

    This guy could literally tell me anything and I'd believe him

    • @jovetj
      @jovetj 4 года назад +6

      You're supposed to think! Not be a sheep.

    • @sting0072007
      @sting0072007 4 года назад +9

      @@jovetj what's wrong with 🐑? They help me sleep

    • @eso104
      @eso104 4 года назад +1

      @@sting0072007 Everything

    • @travellcriner6849
      @travellcriner6849 4 года назад +6

      @@sting0072007 They help you sleep? Without a peep?

    • @joseph8684
      @joseph8684 4 года назад +5

      @KC I think they're being sarcastic

  • @christopherk.8550
    @christopherk.8550 4 года назад +38

    What if the "edge" of the universe was an inside-out black hole, or at least acted as such? Imagine a flat plane that only seems to stretch out infinitely, but if you were to zoom out enough you'd see the edges start to curve downward until they drop off straight downwards infinitely, just like the flat plane representation of a black hole. The resulting diagram would be shaped like a really big cylinder. I've watched so many of these I can't recall if this idea has already been thought up or not, but i thought I'd bring it up anyways bc i think its an interesting alternative idea to what the "edge" could be

    • @tanner.mackey.mp3
      @tanner.mackey.mp3 4 года назад +6

      By an "inside out black hole" do you refer to a white hole? Because if the "edge" of our universe were that, it would emit a lot of light and repel things from it with great force. Not only does that go against all the findings of the nature of the expansion of the universe, which is going outwards not inwards, but it also would likely negate effects we see like red-shifting and Hawkings background radiation. If the edge of our universe was specifically something that emit a great deal of light and gravitational force, I imagine that would be observable at some point when you get those star images where you can zoom into darkness and it reveals hundred of millions of stars packed together. I think a more accurate image of our universe would be a shape we can't physically imagine because all of its sides would be connecting to the opposite side, sort of akin to a sphere, but if at any given point on the sphere it connected to the point directly opposite of it on the other side of the sphere. The Universe very specifically does not have any sort of edge, and the PBS guy specifically mentions that being a bit of a problem in interpreting the flat plane representation of our universe. Just like how things get disproportional on the map of Earth, the Universe map is disproportional because it's intentionally putting an "end" on things that are infinite.

    • @christopherk.8550
      @christopherk.8550 4 года назад +2

      @@tanner.mackey.mp3 No i wasnt thinking quite like a white hole.... I was just imagining a spherical boundary (assuming one can be assigned) around the universe that acted similar to a black hole, in that it attracts matter in some way as an alternative way of explaining why intergalactic space is expanding faster than we think it should be. Idk, in hindsight it probably doesnt make too much sense now, honestly just trying to think creatively to keep my brain from rotting in quarantine lol

    • @marioalban1495
      @marioalban1495 4 года назад

      Its a wall of fire.....

    • @badboymowersofnorman6011
      @badboymowersofnorman6011 2 года назад

      Read my comment. I think it is aligned with yours in a way. And has nothing to with what the scientists say.

    • @badboymowersofnorman6011
      @badboymowersofnorman6011 2 года назад

      Trust me...your as right as they are.

  • @MS-vn2pb
    @MS-vn2pb 2 года назад +1

    I always love when you guys say "faster than light travel is impossible" and I'm just here like 👌😌 sure bro, you'll see.

  • @logicalrationalfishing7481
    @logicalrationalfishing7481 3 года назад +2

    I always had issues with space's "flat" nature and what black holes do to space time. I have to agree (for now) that the parallel universe is just a mathematical description of our current universe. I feel if the black hole was in the center of a page, and you entered on the bottom right corner, you would leave in the upper left (assuming that flight plan, right to left 45 degree angle) while still being affected somewhat by time dilation, aging less than the surrounding universe but still existing and exiting the black hole in OUR universe...

  • @Chad_Thundercock
    @Chad_Thundercock 4 года назад +40

    6:10
    So, we're just not talking about how Maximally Extended Schwartzchild Solution reduces down to M.E.S.S.?

    • @swancrunch
      @swancrunch 4 года назад +2

      that totally needs to be an official acronym.

    • @dr_owenmaestro7540
      @dr_owenmaestro7540 4 года назад

      Is the word "mess" in some way an apt term for it? If not, there's no sound reason to make the acronym. It's this same misguided thinking that leads to stuff like "G.O.A.T.", whose connotation is pretty much the opposite of what that "term" means.

    • @Chad_Thundercock
      @Chad_Thundercock 4 года назад

      Dr_Owen Maestro
      I uh, I think you missed the joke.

    • @dr_owenmaestro7540
      @dr_owenmaestro7540 4 года назад

      @@Chad_Thundercock Ok, let's dig in here. What's the "joke" I missed?

    • @Chad_Thundercock
      @Chad_Thundercock 4 года назад

      Dr_Owen Maestro
      To the casual chap, to "expand an equation" is to annotate every part of a shorthand variable. An example might be to write '9.8 m/sec/sec' instead of the much simpler notation 'g'.
      So a maximally expanded equation would seem, to someone not well versed in the math of such complex physics, to be quite a mess of numbers.
      Of course, finding humor in such things is always subjective. Humor or distaste, your perspective is as valid as anyone else's, and I appreciate you helping us drive the engagement algorithm for this great series.

  • @VarianAlastair
    @VarianAlastair 4 года назад +3

    Stay safe, Matt. I want years and years worth of more Space Time content

  • @cobalius
    @cobalius 3 года назад +1

    Take a shot each time he says "spacetime" and binge watch his vids :D
    I doubt you brought enough to drink muahahaha

  • @vandermillennial
    @vandermillennial 3 года назад +1

    Forgive me if I’m oversimplifying the graphic; Is the theory then that the barrier between parallel universes is the wormhole tunnel between a black and white hole? Also, the graphic shows a universe and a parallel universe: is it safe to assume this can expand to a multitude of universes running parallel to each other (aka Multiverse) or does every universe have an actual unique twin? Loved this episode, even if I understood 25% of it!

  • @bankjibbernow
    @bankjibbernow 4 года назад +26

    Imagine Christopher Nolan turning this into a movie.... Interstellar Dos: Los Nero Wholas???

  • @sylak2112
    @sylak2112 4 года назад +4

    All have to say, I like that background painting a lot. I Love the colors scheme and contrast.

  • @positionthepositron
    @positionthepositron 3 года назад +1

    Perhaps the singularity of a black holes is entangled with the big bang, thus timelessly allowing a black hole to have a past consistent with it's future.

  • @bjornerlendur4606
    @bjornerlendur4606 4 года назад

    Well, as you previously said, the white hole on that diagram is just an imagined mirrored version of the black hole. Basically, a rotate-around-symmetry-center function.
    In such case - the other universe would as well be the first universe rotated around the symmetry center.