As a person who just graduated with a degree in biblical studies. This video is very well done and put together! I like how you touched on multiple hypotheses and not just one. Great Job Jake!
@@Kelvin_Rey There are multiple jobs that you can get with this degree. I am a youth pastor, but this degree can help a person get jobs such as: priest, head pastor, associate pastor, youth pastor, worship pastor, missionary (long and short term as well as project organizer), evangelist, a Chaplin, a academic theologian, a professor, etc. This is all the ones I can name off the top of my head, but I am sure there is more!
@@Kelvin_Rey Before I was studying in this major I just assumed that pastor or priest was the only profession that would be available, but I was also surprised about have vast the world of biblical study actually is!
I think if went like God telling Moses to put it in but Moses hesitates and then God like threatens him to put it in and be more confident in himself and recognize his traits.
I've always believed a scholarly and academic approach to the bible, even as a believer. For those disrupted by these claims, these claims don't ruin or make the faith unviable. The perfect truth is there written by the imperfect man.
@@durrangodsgrief6503the only book in the bible claimed to be divine inspired is Revelations. Even Paul in some of his letters says that he is the one speaking some things, not God.
I read the entirety of the Pentateuch recently out of academic curiosity and more than once found myself thinking, "Wait, what? You just told me that / you repeated that three times now / that directly contradicts last chapter." If it were written by a single author, they were clearly in the late stages of severe cognitive decline.
It's how ancient Hebrews just talked, repeating the same story with different detail. Like writing an essay - first an introduction and then a brief summary, then explain it again but in expanded detail, and then summarize it again. That and also using synonymous names for different ethnicities. Ishmaelites and Midianites were somewhat synonymous, like "British" and "English" could be today. Read the passages like this, for example: "'Come, let us sell him to the Ishmaelites, and let not our hand be upon him, for he is our brother, our own flesh.' And his brothers listened to him" - Gen 37:27 "Then Midianite traders passed by. And they (the brothers) drew Joseph up and lifted him out of the pit and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver. They (the merchants) took Joseph to Egypt" - Gen 37:28
@zayobayo2175 But then, if the brothers sold him to the Midianites/Ishmaelites why did Reuben later come back and act surprised when Joseph wasn't in the pit anymore?
Yeah, it's basically poems (that we've lost the cadence and flow of through translations, when you listen to people who know hebrew and contemporary prose and contextual wisdom it's a lot more poetic), some politics, some cultural history, passing down of religious rites (including the rules) and basically their version of aesop's fables, all stitched into a quilt. The apocryphal texts are also great (some of them solve plot holes in the bible, like the Book of Jubilees has the tale of Onan's brother preserved, Ethiopians translated it to english btw so you too can now finally figure out what onan did wrong, and it's not what onanism is). Also if you haven't read them, read the Infant Gospels, Jesus mirrors God when he creates a dove out of clay and breathes life into it like God did to Adam. (uh, spoilers I guess)
i agree but lets be honest, someone in history had done a reallllly bad job at collecting the different narratives and putting them into one source which is the modern bible we read today
It's a collection of everything ( as a christian so don't attack me ) it has peoms, documents about Jesus, revelation,letters literally everything you can think of 😂
jake you're so powerful, you make somewhat-controversial videos and get no backlash, you have so much power edit: please stop replying to this comment, i dont think much of you (who are replying) arent much older than 15 and you obviously need to understand what roles religion and tradition plays in world politics
As an israeli who was burned out on all this stuff due to our education system forcing every student to take tanach classes (same concept as bible study classes), you did a really good job making the whole subject a lot more digestible and even enjoyable! Hope you can continue to cover stuff like this with you silly drawings and what have you :) edit: for everyone saying "free palestine etc etc." please stop. This is not the place for you to project yourselves on a situation you most likely know nothing about. I was making a simple statement as someone forced to learn this by our education system
@@YourName-eg8fx לדעתי שיעור תנך אמור להיות על סיפורי התנך בלי להתעמק בכל הקטע הדתי. מורה אחת לתנך לימדה תנך כאילו זה אוסף סיפורים מעניינים ובגלל זה הכיתה התעניינה בשיעור שלה. מורה אחר התעמק בקטע הדתי בכל סיפור ואפילו הכריח אותנו ללמוד מדרשים ודברי צדיקים ואף אחד בכיתה האתיסטית שלי לא נהנה מהשיעורים שלו. מבינה כשמלמדים תנך כי זה הסיפורים של העם שלנו, לא מבינה למה להכריח ילדים שלא מאמינים בזה ללמוד יותר. שיעורי תנך לכולם אמורים להיות טעימה מהיסטוריה שלנו ואם מישהו רוצה להתעמק שילמד לבד בבית.
My dad is an ex Army chaplain and now a pastor so this is the stuff I always heard him and his various sect friends debate. This was a nice reminder of those times. Thank you and God bless.
If anyone is interested in how the Bible was written I recommend a video about all the changes in the bible by Trey the Explainer. He also made many videos regarding some aspects in the bible. As a catholic I learned more from him and other people that are atheist than I ever did in church so I really recommend him.
Well I mean if you're more interested in the supposed meta than of course meta commentators are going to be more your jam. You don't go to church to learn archeology theories and linguistic hypotheses. Just like you don't go to a yoga studio to learn the history of preVedic india. I think most of the 'I learned more from fill in the blank secular source than church' people are actually mostly interested in 'critical analysis' of religion rather than religion itself.
@@archieames1968 I said it broughtly but I’ll explain it more to you. When it comes to us catholics once we’re 9 we go to the church classes to prepare ourselves for the first communion and at 14 for confirmatikn. We go in classes to our main priest and learn things about our religion. I remember that when we were 14 one boy asked the priest how was the Bible written and the priest didn’t want to answer the question even though its a simple one. In order to be a part of the religions one must not only blindly believe but also know straight fact: Bible was changed multiple times by people in order to reflect their own politics (unfortunetly). Many priests just say that Bible is straight up gods word, which is wrong. As a christian I think that the church should teach stuff like this, but they don’t want to because people would be too confused. That’s why I said that I learned more about the Bible history from atheist than I did from my own priest. Also, chuch IS the place to study the Bible and its teaching, its changes and its philosphy. But church these days is only a place of blind following with no critical thinking, I know that many people just go to church and never listen a word that the priest says. That’s it, I hope the comment wasn’t too long lol, your comment is a fair critic
That's something I don't get, I was raised Christian and while I no longer believe had I stayed with the faith I would have definitely actually researched this stuff on my own instead of trusting the church to do it for me, and I don't understand how so many Christians don't have that mentality. Good on you for not being like that.
the humility displayed by this dude is insane. Mad props for making good videos while also helping us learn stuff while directing us to more things that can help us learn more stuff.
As a Roman Catholic, I really enjoyed learning about this video and appreciate how respectful and informative it was. Keep up the good work man and I’d like to see more videos of this type if you can.
☄️THE GOSPEL OF THE WORD OF ALMIGHTY GOD "the last age in which God saves man from the destruction of this old world" (In the Age of the Kingdom, God uses the word to initiate a new age, change the way He works, and do the work of the entire age. This is the principle God uses to work in the Age of the Word. Such work is done to better achieve the goals of conquering man, perfecting man, and eliminating man, which is the true meaning of using words to work in the Word Age. Through these, these, the man is being exposed, taken away, and tested. People have seen God's words, heard these words, and acknowledged their existence. The word "words" can be please and ordinary, but the words spoken from the mouth of God incarnate shake the universe, they change people's hearts, change their thoughts and former dispositions, and change the former form of the whole world. From this time on, man lives under the guidance of God's words, guided and sustained by His words. These words and deeds are all for the salvation of man, to fulfill the will of God, and to change the original form of the world of the previous creation. God created the world with words, He guides people throughout the universe with words, and He conquers and saves them with words. Ultimately, He will use the words to bring an end to the entire old world, thereby completing the entirety of His plan of government.) Almighty God said In the AGE OF THE KINGDOM, GOD USES the WORD to START the NEW AGE, CHANGE the way He works, and do the WORK of the entire age. This is the principle that GOD USES in WORKING in the AGE of the WORD. He became a MAN to speak from different perspectives, so that MAN CAN REALLY SEE GOD, who is the WORD APPEARING IN THE FLESH, and behold His WISDOM and WONDER.🙏 SUCH WORK IS DONE to better ACHIEVE the GOALS of SUBJECTING MAN, making MAN PERFECT, and eliminating man, which is the TRUE MEANING of using WORDS to WORK in the AGE of the WORD. ☀️🙏 THROUGH these words, MAN KNOWS God's work, God's disposition, MAN'S SPIRIT, and WHAT MAN SHOULD ENTER. THROUGH the WORDS, the ENTIRE WORK that GOD wants to DO in the AGE of the WORD is FULFILLED. THROUGH these WORDS, PEOPLE are exposed, removed, and tried. PEOPLE have SEEN the WORDS of GOD, HEARD these WORDS, and recognized the existence of these WORDS. 🙏 Because of this, they have believed in the EXISTENCE of GOD, in the infinite POWER and WISDOM of GOD, as well as in GOD'S LOVE for MAN and His only SAVE MAN. THE WORD "words" may be simple and ordinary, but the words spoken from the mouth of God incarnate shake the UNIVERSE, they CHANGE PEOPLE'S HEARTS, CHANGE their mindsets and former DISPOSITIONS, and CHANGE the former form of the whole WORLD. 🙏💐 THROUGH THE AGES, only the GOD of TODAY HAS DONE in this way, and He is the only one who SPEAKS LIKE THAT and comes to SAVE MAN like that. From this TIME, MAN LIVES UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF GOD'S WORDS, guided and sustained by His WORDS. 🙏 PEOPLE LIVE in the WORLD of GOD'S WORDS, IN THE MIDST of the curses and blessings of GOD'S WORDS, and even more people begin to LIVE UNDER THE JUDGMENT and PUNISHMENT of His WORDS. These WORDS and ACTIONS are ALL for the SALVATION of MAN, to FULFILL the WILL of GOD, and to CHANGE the ORIGINAL form of the WORLD of the previous CREATION.☀️ GOD CREATED THE WORLD with WORDS, He GUIDES PEOPLE throughout the UNIVERSE with WORDS, and He CONQUERS and SAVES them with WORDS. 🙏 At LAST, He WILL USE WORDS to END the entire former WORLD, thereby completing the ENTIRENESS of His PLAN of GOVERNMENT. 🙏 Throughout the AGE of the KINGDOM, GOD USES WORDS to DO His WORK, and achieve the RESULTS of His WORK. He does NOT work wonders or perform miracles, but only does His work through words. Because of these WORDS, MAN IS CARED for and fed, and gains KNOWLEDGE and TRUE EXPERIENCE. ☀️ In the AGE of the WORD, MAN is greatly blessed. He does not suffer physical pain and only enjoys an abundant supply of God's words; without having to narrowly search or travel, in the midst of His comfort, he sees the manifestation of God, he HEARS Him SPEAK from His OWN mouth, he ACCEPTS what He gives, and personally baptizes Him to do His WORK. These are things that people in previous ages did not enjoy, and these are blessings they will never receive. 🙏 From "The Word, Vol. 1 The Manifestation and Work of God. The Age of the Kingdom is the Age of the Word" Fulfillment of "In the beginning He was the Word, the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1). ... and "When I looked up, someone handed me a book wrapped in a scroll. I opened it and I read on both sides the prayers, lamentations, and curses." (Ezekiel 2:9-10). ... "His garment was stained with blood. He was called the "Word of God" (Rev. 19:13). The kingdom He brought down and set up in the highest in the sky so that it can occupy His creation in the universe and engrave on it the entirety of His Holy name "THE CHURCH OF ALMIGHTY GOD" 💐 fulfillment of (Mat. 16:18) "And I say as for you, you are Peter, on top of this rock I will build my Church, that even the power of death will not prevail over it.". ... and "The Letter to the Church in Philadelphia" (Rev. 3:7-13). ... And fulfillment of "The New Jerusalem" 💫 "The Spirit enveloped me, and the angel led me to the top of a very high mountain. He showed Me Jerusalem, the Holy City, coming down from heaven from God." (Rev. 3:7-13). ... " For the time has come in the house of God for the beginning of judgment in the house of God." (1 Peter 4:17). ... It is fulfilled that God Himself is our Pastor in (Rev. 7:17) 💐 "For the Lamb in the midst of the throne will be their PASTOR. He will lead them to springs of life-giving water; and God will wipe the tears from their eyes" 📩 Calling and leading the sheep of God to His glorious Throne "THE CHURCH OF ALMIGHTY GOD"💐 to submit again to His authority so that He will continue to teach, guide and protect even in plague, famine and wild animals will not be moved by it and completely win this final battle with the big red dragon! "They say with a loud voice, "Salvation comes from the Lamb, and from our God who sits on the Throne!" (Rev. 7:10). ... and it will be fulfilled that will be established above the sky/RUclips in (Isaiah 2: 2 / 9:6) "On the Last Day, the mountain on which Jehovah's temple stands will stand out above all the mountains. All nations will flock there. " . . . "For a baby boy is born to us. The rule will be given to him; and he shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Almighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace." 📩
I am also a Catholic; although I do admit some sympathies toward Richard Simon (pronounced see-MONE), mentioned here. The Church teaches the immanent Christ at the Eucharist. That's it. The Church is acutely aware of at least two transmissions of the Pentateuch, namely the Greek and the Hebrew, which are not the same, and are accepted as equally valid transmissions from an earlier "Vorlage". Jerome's Old Testament was from the Hebrew and he was a saint. Other Church saints used the Greek. To those objecting to Senor Ramos above - Textual criticism is hardly a problem for our faith. If it is a problem for your faith, I humbly submit that your faith has the problem. We don't.
Well done! I took two courses on this very subject back in the dark ages when I was in college. You basically covered the entire first semester's worth of material in under 20 minutes and it was completely clear.
Jake, I think you managed to handle a pretty delicate and complicated subject incredibly well, while still remaining incredibly interesting and easy to understand. In other words, YOU DID GOOD (BTW, I'm not an expert, but I am a jewish, hebrew speaking, son of a rabbi)
One contradiction that always jumped out at me even as a kid was that Cain was worried that he'd run into people that would mistreat him and that he was able to find a wife. They were like the 3rd and 4th people on earth
YES! And the "explanations" (more like lame excuses) i heard were even worse. "Oh its just because that they didn't mention all the other sons", well then, God is quite nonsensical about what to include in his holy book, because in other parts we get painfully long and boring lineages lists
This one was one of the questions that almost got me kicked out of Cathechism. The priest locked me into a room to "pray and meditate about God", or something (it was a long time ago). The net effect was that I walked out of that room thinking they were all full of it. In time, I learned a lot more, even attended lectures and read a myriad of books and even some PhD dissertations. All that didn't change my mind from my 10 yo impression they were full of it. Maybe if I watched this video at the time I would have gone easier on the priest. He most certainly wouldn't have gone easier on me though.
I was so surprised you decided to tackle the more technical side of the Bible considering it can be quite a heavy and large topic. However you did a good job explaining this hypothesis that made easy to understand. Good job Jake! Can’t wait to see what else you do with this series
Jacob wrestled with Jesus. This is the Christian interpretation. Whenever the Bible mentions “THE angel of the Lord” in the Old Testament it is the pre-incarnate Christ 5:52 this is not describe literal sequence of events. There has been much debate over this but Saint Augustine believed the sequence of days to be a metaphor for something God did “in a single moment.” The book of Genesis is not a literal scientific account but it’s very poetic
Honestly Jake, your ability to dive into source materials as well as commentaries and academic theories regarding these subjects is quite impressive. I see you refer to your community college degree often as a gag however I truly believe that you exemplify the best attributes of a true scholar. If you’re up for the challenge I feel though that you would prosper and do well within a university course for a history major or something similar. You may humbly see yourself as an animator and youtuber however you really show the skills of a true scholar. Many other RUclipsrs on here are not as thorough as yourself nor do they show the same degree of humility as well as willing to admit where they were incorrect or oversimplified something. I truly think you would thrive in an academic environment and any university would be proud to count you as a member of its alumni. Regardless, your videos are terrific and continue the great work. You should be very proud of what you have accomplished so far. Best wishes.
The Hebrew Bible was an interesting subject before having a course on it. Now, I am just happy to see this with it no more being tied to an exam. Probably going to watch some of these professors. If they are good, I may end up wondering why I paid for a course on the Hebrew Bible.
This is very good breakdown of the inconsistencies in the Old Testament. It is very interesting, how you can isolate different tellings of the same happenings. My hipotesis would be that somewhere along the line these texts were copied to make multiple copies, and there were copiers who just copied the text but couldn't really read it. Like chinese characters: you can learn to write/copy them even without knowing the meaning. The copiers may have worked from multiple sources put before them. The copiers may have switched the different sources around, may have ignored things to leave out, or such.
Yeah! As a Christian, this was really helpful to learn more about, it’s interesting that there were multiple sources for the events, and they just thought about putting them all together, and honestly, I don’t hate it, either story still works, cause in the end, it’ll lead to the same thing, it doesn’t ruin The Bible as a whole, it just made it more confusing, but atleast the stories aren’t ruined (If there are more moments talked about one event of a scripture, like if it continues one storyline that one scripture was talking about, then we’ll probably know if that one is the true scripture, and which parts aren’t the true ones, making it easier with which parts to follow)
thank you for making this video jake! as a Christian I truly appreciate you doing your research and going further than that and giving us more sources!
The reading I take with Genesis 1 is more symbolic than anything else. On the first three days God creates space, and then fills the space on the next three days, and the passage is meant to emphasize that he’s a God of order. Just like you described in 7:43
I always thought that the description of Moses' death was written by Joshua since he succeeds Moses in the immediate next book (but they still decided to call Moses the author since he wrote everything up until that point). I did not know about this whole documentary hypothesis. Thanks for that Jake. Also, slight detail you missed but the world wasn't a barren desert in the second interpretation of the creation story. A layer of the world was covered in a permanent mist, which is what moistened the earth and allowed plants to grow. The first time the world actually experienced rain was during Noah's flood (at least as far as I know. Anyone feel free to fact check me if there's a contradiction to that statement). But yeah, rain wasn't a thing for a while.
This ideia that rain did not exist until Noah is a modern creationist view. Even if true, it is only true in J source, but not in P, where there is no mention of this mist.
Also Joshua could not have written that text, not even Moses, because they clearly speak in a way where Moses or Joshua is a different person, and they also speak in the past, describing events that did not happened in the supposed time Moses and Joshua lived.
@@sonofcronos7831 It can't be modern if it were mentioned in the Bible itself however, I will admit that they only do mention it in J not P so there's that. However, if we're going by your logic, that means that even though it wasn't mentioned in P, that doesn't mean that it didn't exist entirely. Rain is still never mentioned until Noah (for both P AND J) so the mist could have actually been a thing.
@@sonofcronos7831 I feel like this comes down to personal belief. If you think that the Bible was written in the hypothesis method, sure go for it. If you think it was written by Moses and Joshua inspired by God (and later accounts and translations referred to them in third person instead of first), then I think that's also valid. Remember, the original texts don't exist anymore so there is definitely A LOT in the air up for debate.
definitely would love to see more old testament storied divided into their versions, it's interesting to pick them apart and see which ones might have been older or more influenced by Egyptians or Babylonians or whomever.
You say the goofy drawings comment sarcastically but it truly adds a ton of value. I care about inconsistencies in the Bible since it is my faith of choice but not enough to dedicate tens of hours looking into the subject and reading boring books and watching boring college classes. You're goofy drawings really do add a lot more value than you think allowing a kid to learn more about his faith in a timely and entertaining manor. Wish to make videos very similar to these in the near future. Keep up the great work.
A very important note: The Ishmalities and the Madinaties were probably just two different designations for the same group of people (we see the same thing elsewere in the Bible in Judges 8: 22-24). It would be the equivalent of reading in a history book that the Americans rebelled against the King of England, but when the war began, the Colonists didn't have the weapons they needed. "Americans" and "Colonists" are just two different designations for the same group of people. This is probably what is actually going on with the Madianites and Ishmalities in Genesis 37.
The only confusion I still have about this is the part where the "Midianites" sold Jacob to the "Ishmaelites". Isn't that a bit like "The Colonists sold ___ to the Americans"?
The reason why we know that these are from two different sources and not just two different names is that if you write down sentences with Ishmalities on one piece of paper and sentences with Madinaties on another, then you get two complete stories without omission and repetitions: 1) Ishmaelites are passing by, brothers sold Joseph to them, they brought him to Egypt, and sold him to Potiphar. 2) Madinaties were passing by, they took Joseph from the pit, brought him to Egypt and sold him to Potiphar. Each fact (passing by, acquiring Joseph, bringing to Egypt, selling to Potiphar) appears in each story exactly once! What is probability that this would happen if someone uses Ishmaelites and the Madinaties just as synonymous? I bet $1000 you can't do this with Americans and Colonists in any historian books.
@@papalyosha ur ability to take one story and (in ur mind) divide it into two may validate ur own assumptions, but for the rest of us we just be wondering how u thought it was perfectly acceptable to decide a passage is composite based upon linguistics alone (like where is this an agreed upon rule?)… homie makes a good point about the fact that a variety of terms could as easily mean a wide vocabulary of one individual over and against multiple (rather short-for-words) writers - why should it not? We can’t say what we don’t know and what we dont know is when a single one of these words were in popular use - all those things are guesses and theories…
I've watched other videos on this subject, and I really like how you provide examples of the stories that contradict each other, rather than focusing on the chronology or grammar that make the doublets distinct (though that's an equally valid way to distinguish them). The examples made it more clear. Great video.
If you want a deeper dive on the documentary hypothesis I would recommend Dr Joel Baden's lectures here on RUclips. He discusses Genesis all the way to Deuteuronomy.
Love this insightful video! So good to understand the discrepancies and inconsistencies in a text some take so seriously! I did my dissertation on cross-cultural folk tale origins and this is definitely bringing me back to my scholarly days 💕 Keep spreading the news dude 👍🏼
Something to keep I mind regarding the Genesis chapter 2 is the Hebrew translate. Hebrew is a complex language and has multiple forms, therefore in some translations like Niv and Esv, the Bible says that God called the animals that he HAD made, instead of making them then and there
I'm not sure what you're talking about. The verse is very clear in its verb tenses. Hebrew has two tenses (past and future, or perfect and imperfect, depending on the grammarian), a participle, and an infinitive. BH artifically creates two more tenses by adding an "and" junction to the first two, these are dubbed as "inverted". Biblical narrative uses strings of verbs in the inverted future to create a sequence. The verses go "And LORD God said (if): it is not good for man to be alone [etc]. And LORD God created (if) from the earth all the beast of the field and all the birds of the heavens and brought (if) them to he man..." NIV probably wants to harmonize Gen1 with Gen2 so they switch the tense to make the creation SEEM like it's out of sequence... (BTW when people ask "Are MH and BH different!?" the greatest obstacle for a MH speaker reading the Bible is decoding those "inverted" tenses, since they're considered obsolete in MH...)
This was a great video showing the robust evidence for the Documentary Hypothesis. I went through Richard Elliot Friedman's RUclips course and learned a lot. I even picked up his book _"The Bible: With Sources Revealed"._ Friedman is a pretty funny guy!
I gotta say Jake, once more a pretty awesome video. Also good to know that you know when not to overreach. Biting off too much can end pretty badly if you really start dividing your fanbase. Keep up the good work ;)
Thanks for explaining this! As a Christian, it’s interesting to learn more about how two different scriptures were put together, and how with either way, the stories still work, cause they’ll lead to a similar outcome, it doesn’t ruin the stories, but it does make it more confusing, so I’m glad this can be cleared up, thanks man! (If one storyline continues from what one scripture was talking about, with the events of that same story continuing, then we’ll probably know if that one is the true scripture, and which parts aren’t the true ones, making it easier with which parts to follow… atleast, that’s how I think the issue can be solved)
@@tadijajo7644 According to Christians the Bible is the literal word of God and can't be false. Which is ubsurd considering the many errors in the bible including translation errors, scientific errors etc
@lyingboi2350 So what's your stance on Christians dictating people how to live because "it says so in the Bible"? If it's man-made then you lose the authority of "God ordered it this way".
People sometimes forget that there were many more ‘bibles’ that it is popular now. They forget about the councils of Nicea and Rome…destroying some texts as ‘heretical’. And deciding which books to include in the ‘modern(!)’ bible you read and believe now.
To make using Hebrew easier in future videos, most of the time when Hebrew is written, vowels are not included. Vowels in Hebrew are the tiny symbols that go around the letters to form syllables. At least this is what I was taught in my denomination.
And now, Jake, it's time to discuss Pre-Adamite Theory: Genesis 1 talks about God creating the universe (including humanity) and Genesis 2 talks about the Garden of Eden, Adam, Eve and his specific family (after the general creation of humanity). 🙂 In Seminary, our OT professor said that all of this is still debated, but you should never make it a sermon topic. You did great!
Imagine doing a retelling of Batman. You have a collection of Batman material - Adam West version, the Michael Keaton version, Christian Bale version. If you try to preserve as much of each one, you’ll have major contradictions. My guess is that during the exile, every scroll they had from became sacred. Even if those scrolls came from divergent sects. Who ever compiled them together was trying to preserve as many stories as possible, hence the contradictions.
I think the main difference here is that no one is following a Batman story as a faith and dictating their life choices (and trying to dictate the lives of others) based on the Batman story they grew up with/liked best.
@@1timeagain Nope, the bible always tell us that she is mostly metaphors (exemple: Lambs are the followers of God; eternal fire ins't forever, it just means that it will destroy something that will never recover; etc...) a
Great summary of the documentary hypothesis. Thanks. I’m a cradle Catholic, and attended Catholic schools my whole life. We were never taught that the Pentateuch was factual history or science. It was always presented as theology. The entire Bible (OT and NT), we were taught, was not a single book, but a library containing theological literature of a variety of genres compiled over a thousand years by dozens of writers: myth, legend, history, poetry, law, wisdom, biography, and apocalyptic writing. It is a stunningly beautiful artifact of ancient culture and deep wisdom that has miraculously endured for 3000 years. Even the non-believer must recognize it’s unique power as a tool for contemplating the most compelling and difficult and questions of being. For me, it is the inspired word of God, who’s true message and meaning continues to be slowly revealed to us in accordance with our evolving capacity for understanding.
My mom was nanny to a notable rabbi in the 90’s, and she had the chance to ask him about some of the Old Testament. What he told her, was that often times they (the Pharisees and equivalent Jewish leaders) would present people with 2-3 versions of what happened as a way to make it seem like they were making their own decisions about faith, since it’s easier to have someone go along with an idea/hold to a belief if they think they chose it fully willingly. Also, side note, if you combine the war in Revelations against the Dragon, with Genesis 1 and 2, and pretend there’s more than 1 god, it’s virtually just the Enuma Elish, which makes absolute sense that it’s the inspiration given Abraham, patriarch of the Israelite ancestry came from Ur, the ancient Sumerian city, later apart of Mesopotamia, for which the Enuma Elish is their creation myth
There is even a second version of the 10 Commandments. Exodus 34: "The Lord said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. 2 Be ready in the morning, and then come up on Mount Sinai. Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain. 3 No one is to come with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain; not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the mountain.(.....)” Here we go again: a lone mountain top, where no one is around....
Even as a child I definitely noticed how the style of narration noticeably changes between Bereshit and the Exodus, but the docu hypothesis and others adjacent to it do a great job explaining this and many, many other discrepancies in the text.
Overall kind of a cynical tone to everything but I think that is the point. Something to note about the creation story Ch1 vs Ch2: Ch 1 is more of a Macro view of creation from nothing to planets, earth, animals, and man etc. Ch 2 then is a micro view focusing on animals and man. This is not really contradictory more just a different approach and perspective. Also the next chapter will be a conflict between God man and the sepent so show shifting the narrative perspective makes sense. Now to the topic of Moses writing the Torah, I think it is pretty obvious he didn't write the passages after he died and it is very plausible the creation stories and other histories were passed down in written form and or orally. Also note there are famous painters throughout history who are attributed to a mural yet they had many apprentices who actually did most of the painting. It is notable that the Bible has had its editors but rather minor for the acient versions that we have. At some point they were canonized and scribes became more strict on copying them letter for letter line for line.
i think it would be interesting for a later video to show the differences between the christian, the jew, and the islamic version of the old stories since they mostly have the same people.
One important detail is also the evolution of God. In exodus he is "just" the god of the people of Israel and even battles with Egyptian gods to show his superiority. So the book acknowledges the existence of other gods. Only over time, the Mythology became more monotheistic and when Genesis was written, God was seen as the allmighty beeing that created the earth.
Just my own, personal, hot take as a Christian and a history buff: I think the Torah probably began as an oral tradition that was put into writing by ancient Hebrew scribes many centuries later. This would be consistent with other religious writings that began as oral traditions before being written down in the forms we have today, such as the Iliad and Odyssey, or the Rigveda. Maybe some of that oral tradition began with Moses? If so, that would explain the traditional attribution of Torah authorship to him. Regardless, over centuries of retellings, several variations of each story developed, and for whatever reason, the ancient scribes who complied the Torah we have today felt a need to preserve every version of each story they could.
In communication classes, you are told to repeat yourself. The basic idea is you tell your audience what you are going to say, you say it, and then you remind your audience what you just told them. So there is nothing wrong with doublets. Also, there is the concept of summary. So the creation in different chapters is not inconsistent. None of the summariezed stuff happened simultaneously. It was just a summary. TL;DR the Bible did TLDRs so it isn't inconsistent.
*nothing wrong with doublets* Except when they contradict each other 6:19 And of every living thing, of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female 7:2 Take with you seven pairs of all clean animals, the male and its mate; and a pair of the animals that are not clean, the male and its mate; 7:3 and seven pairs of the birds of the air also, male and female, to keep their kind alive on the face of all the earth. Does the flood last for forty days and nights (7:4, 12, 17) or does it last for 150 days (7:24)
@@fordprefect5304 that IS what it says, you seem to forget the Bible was written in old English, if you ever read Macbeth in school, you'd know in old English (such as Shakespeare's work) it will go something like "give the infiltray 3 silver, give whos beloved died in battle 10, " etc, This is an example of not understanding how old English works, rather than calling it a contradiction. Look at the original language it was made in, it's even clearer their.
The early stories came from Abraham, who was a polytheist. Hebrew Torah had multiple deities until the sixth century bce. Same stories, different names in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh. Iraq's where Abraham came from
5:36 The use of the term “yawheh God” here is inaccurate. The name of God, when written, is always pronounced “adonai,” meaning “lord/ruler.” It’s because of a rule of Judaism that you shouldn’t say God’s name. This rule is often misinterpreted by Christians who think you shouldn’t ever swear by the word “God,” which is ridiculous because “god” is just an English word that means “a deity.” 8:26 I think it would be better to say “characterful” than “anthropomorphic,” since God in Jewish texts is always formless, but is definitely sometimes depicted like an almighty being and other times depicted like a mythological character.
As a non-jew I am not bound to jewish custom. HOWEVER, out of respect for those who are, I only use the name Yahweh when discussing the god in an informational context. Which is how the majority of biblical scholars go about it. In my cartoons summarising biblical stories, which are more jokey and irreverent, I will not pronounce the name Yahweh.
@@JakeDoubleyooyeah, I figured you were using it to point out where the name of God is written in the Torah. I just kind of wanted to point it out for people who might not get that. This video’s pretty great, and I appreciate that it doesn’t latch onto a heavily religious Christian interpretation as “the real version” like so many people do. Edit: I also like that you drew the biblical characters to look like middle easterners and not as the straight haired, blue eyed, light skinned dudes that so many Christian depictions of the bible have. Oh, and the very scholarly approach without a religious lens.
very well put together Jake. i love your content for its historical humour, but loved this ones more serious tone when dealing with a more in depth topic. many christians i know would be offended about this being pointed out, and it is nice that you narrated this in a way that would not come across in the wrong way. also i loved the 14:25 meme
Y’know, this technically doesn’t even have to fly in the face of the idea of Moses directly being involved with the Pentateuch himself, if we simply postulate that hey, he could easily have been one of these four sources, where others ended up filling in blanks or attempting to recomplete records that had been lost after the fact, or something like that
I first heard about Plutarch from the Simpsons episode where Bart became a Catholic and Lisa said "Bart's speaking latin the langauge of Plutarch," "What the language of Mickey's Mouse's dog," Homer replied
When I adressed those kind of contradictions to a local priest, he told me that the Bible is the way it is because the story told there is meant to teach people about an especific virtue that God himself wanted us to learn. The differences are meant to make people reflect on more situations than a linear story could ever do. I agree with his statement.
Another RUclipsr that breaks the documentary hypothesis down really well is “Inspiring Philosophy”. I first got introduced to it by him and he really fleshes it out well
If you’re up for the challenge I feel though that you would prosper and do well within a university course for a history major or something similar. You may humbly see yourself as an animator and youtuber however you really show the skills of a true scholar.
Well bible was writing before IP was a thing so everyone could just pop in and write something, and then someone collected everything and made complete edition and published it world wide and boom international best seller.
As an Orthodox Jew, my Rabbis reasoned that a lot of these contradictions and repeats were intentional. While it’s not my intention to convince anyone that the Torah is written perfectly, I still wanna share some of the neat ideas I was told. Firstly, I was taught that when G-d commanded Moses to write the Torah, it was primarily G-d writing through Moses. All stories and points that were to take place after Moses’ death were what G-d told him of his future. G-d told him to write down his future mistakes, who he would pass on his role as leader to, and how he would die. The only thing Moses truly wrote for himself was a point stating his humility. From what I remember, Moses asked G-d to shrink a letter in a certain part in order to make Moses seem less great. G-d also made sure to repeat stories and lessons to either get a different meaning from it or to emphasize the importance of the story. That’s pretty much all I remember from my Judaic studies. If there’s any Christians and Muslims reading this, I’d love to hear your guys explanation of the first testament. Also, if there are any other Jews that see this, feel free to correct or add on to anything I said.
According to Genesis, in what order were the land animals, man, and women created? This “simple” question has two different answers. According to Genesis 1:24-27, God creates the land animals (vv. 24-25), and then man and woman (vv. 26-27). However, in Genesis 2:7, God creates man, and then in v. 19 creates animals, and in v. 22 creates woman. Thus, the commonly heard idea that Genesis 2 is an elaboration upon Genesis 1, filling in various details, does not work-the two accounts tell different stories. Credit: Prof Marc Zvi Brettler Duke University Prof. Marc Zvi Brettler is Bernice & Morton Lerner Distinguished Professor of Judaic Studies at Duke University, and Dora Golding Professor of Biblical Studies (Emeritus) at Brandeis University. He is author of many books and articles, including How to Read the Jewish Bible (also published in Hebrew), co-editor of The Jewish Study Bible and The Jewish Annotated New Testament (with Amy-Jill Levine), and co-author of The Bible and the Believer (with Peter Enns and Daniel J. Harrington), and The Bible With and Without Jesus: How Jews and Christians Read the Same Stories Differently (with Amy-Jill Levine). Brettler is cofounder of Project TABS (Torah and Biblical Scholarship)
No wonder I got kicked out of the Church in the 2nd Century CE… I was always a a poor man’s roguish Job… I had enough of an anthropomorphic divine creature pretending to be God… so dragged it into the physical plane, switched places with it… I couldn’t get cursed out more often… because it too gets to experience pain and suffering. Whatever it is, it’s not collecting my soul, which it didn’t create because it never had the ability. I was more Nimrod than Nimrod, will be more Nimrod than Nimrod well after he dies. Sometimes I also borrowed Samson’s might…so most of my Bible was how a lesser deity tried to deceive me. Implied is the existence of a reluctant to act but very distant higher deity as well as the strength of any virtuous soul… otherwise I wouldn’t be able to drag this God thing into the physical plane. Thus was the attempt to explain the contradictions, a deity way too anthropomorphic. The good news for It was I wasn’t Vespasian or Titus… otherwise Judaea and bordering regions would’ve been ritually cleansed. There would be no need to plunder Temple treasures.
Have to say as a Christian this is both intresting and amusing to see. Its fun seen how theologens disagree and have difrent takes on certain things same way historians do.
As a Christian I wanted to say, thank you for this well researched analysis while still remaining respectful to the religion. I love studying the history of the Bible but it seems a lot of sources are a pendulum of over critical zealots, either you’re going to burn in hell for questioning the Bible or you’re a fool for believing in it. It’s refreshing seeing someone pursue this delicate subject matter without bias.
It's really interesting that the books of the Tanakh that we have today come from the end of the Babylonian captivity, about 400 BCE. Even that was just a captivity of the ruling class. The common people that remained in Canaan still worshiped Yahweh and El (and Ashera, and other Canaanite gods) in their old ways. It wasn't until the Persians (modern day Iran) liberated the Jews and rebuilt their temple that the returning elites, (ahem) "found" a scroll containing The Law - that conveniently said everyone obey the ruling elite. That was Ezra that is credited with promulgating the new monotheistic religion to consolidate Persia's (through Jerusalem's) influence over the local Canaanite people. There is still a tiny population of people that follow the Israelite religion in its original form handed down by the prophets. They are the Samaritans (one shows up in the book of Matthew in the Christian New Testament). Modern-day Jews consider them heretical and in Israel they have a pretty tough time of it. Great video. Please, keep making more like these.
I think Genesis 1 goes over the entire creation story while Genesis 2 zooms in on Adam and Eve and the garden, in this view the creation of the animals in Genesis 2 could be seen as God creating animals directly in the garden on the 6th day as well as all around the earth on the 5th day, this would also explain why in Genesis 2 God is called Yaweh which is a more personal name showing his intimate relationship with humanity. And "Now no shrub had yet appeared on the earth and no plant had yet sprung up", shows that their may have been seeds which had just not sprouted yet. So I believe that the accounts of Genesis 1 and 2 are complimentary and not contradictory.
Yahweh is not a more intimate name (think Lord Voldemort). In fact, we don't even know what it sounded like and it still isn't pronounced by Jews today. You are free to believe whatever you like but the stories are in fact contradictory. It's right there in black and white in the Bible.
@@edwinlucianofrias1643 what’s contradictory, or wrong with my above explanation. Also I’m pretty sure most scholars would agree Yahweh Is a much more intimate name.
According to Genesis, in what order were the land animals, man, and women created? This “simple” question has two different answers. According to Genesis 1:24-27, God creates the land animals (vv. 24-25), and then man and woman (vv. 26-27). However, in Genesis 2:7, God creates man, and then in v. 19 creates animals, and in v. 22 creates woman. Thus, the commonly heard idea that Genesis 2 is an elaboration upon Genesis 1, filling in various details, does not work-the two accounts tell different stories. And before you give me the standard apologist answer that one chapter compliments the other Genesis: 1 credits Elyon the head of the Canaanite pantheon of gods Genesis: 2 credits El-Yahweh the god assigned to Israel by Elyon *The bible tells me so* Deuteronomy 32:8-9 (Dead Sea Scrolls) When Elyon divided the nations, when he separated the sons of Adam, he established the borders of the nations according to the number of the sons of the gods. Yahweh’s portion was his people, [Israel] his allotted inheritance.
![Noob To Max With DRAGON REWORK In Blox Fruits [FULL MOVIE]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LnBMOinoOvA/mqdefault.jpg)
As a person who just graduated with a degree in biblical studies. This video is very well done and put together! I like how you touched on multiple hypotheses and not just one. Great Job Jake!
Their is a degree for that?
What job can you take with that degree?
A priest?
@@Kelvin_Rey There are multiple jobs that you can get with this degree. I am a youth pastor, but this degree can help a person get jobs such as: priest, head pastor, associate pastor, youth pastor, worship pastor, missionary (long and short term as well as project organizer), evangelist, a Chaplin, a academic theologian, a professor, etc.
This is all the ones I can name off the top of my head, but I am sure there is more!
@@camdencoughran1732 i just learned this, and this is *SHOCKING*
@@Kelvin_Rey Before I was studying in this major I just assumed that pastor or priest was the only profession that would be available, but I was also surprised about have vast the world of biblical study actually is!
@@camdencoughran1732 how's the pay?
"Now Moses was a very humble man, more humble than anyone else on the face of the earth." - Moses
I shouldn't be laughing 🤣 but i can't resist.
[insert Moses giving a medal to Moses]
Reminds me of the great Gatsby,
This is giving me
"The human brain is the most complicated organic thing" -The human brain
vibes
I think if went like God telling Moses to put it in but Moses hesitates and then God like threatens him to put it in and be more confident in himself and recognize his traits.
let us once again agree that this channel is too wholesome to argue under
Nah imma do my own thing
Breb🍞🍞🍞🍞🍞🥐🥐🥐
@@blurbysir Breb 🍞
@@Shady_brBreb 🍞
@@cacyk4103 Breb 🍞
I've always believed a scholarly and academic approach to the bible, even as a believer. For those disrupted by these claims, these claims don't ruin or make the faith unviable. The perfect truth is there written by the imperfect man.
Exactly!
@@riff_raf like David was inspired by the spirit of the lord so was the writing of the text
Amen
@@durrangodsgrief6503the only book in the bible claimed to be divine inspired is Revelations. Even Paul in some of his letters says that he is the one speaking some things, not God.
@@sonofcronos7831 Which verses are these?
I read the entirety of the Pentateuch recently out of academic curiosity and more than once found myself thinking, "Wait, what? You just told me that / you repeated that three times now / that directly contradicts last chapter."
If it were written by a single author, they were clearly in the late stages of severe cognitive decline.
2000 years of christendom shaken by williamreely3455
@@salute4392Oh yes, because the vast majority of people who followed christian doctrine over the last 2000 years were intellectuals and polymaths
honestly i think most hardcore religious people are in some stage of cognitive decline 💀💀💀
It's how ancient Hebrews just talked, repeating the same story with different detail. Like writing an essay - first an introduction and then a brief summary, then explain it again but in expanded detail, and then summarize it again. That and also using synonymous names for different ethnicities. Ishmaelites and Midianites were somewhat synonymous, like "British" and "English" could be today. Read the passages like this, for example:
"'Come, let us sell him to the Ishmaelites, and let not our hand be upon him, for he is our brother, our own flesh.' And his brothers listened to him" - Gen 37:27
"Then Midianite traders passed by. And they (the brothers) drew Joseph up and lifted him out of the pit and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver. They (the merchants) took Joseph to Egypt" - Gen 37:28
@zayobayo2175 But then, if the brothers sold him to the Midianites/Ishmaelites why did Reuben later come back and act surprised when Joseph wasn't in the pit anymore?
I always thought of the bible as just a book of rules, but now I see that it is much more a collection of understanding a culture.
Yeah, it's basically poems (that we've lost the cadence and flow of through translations, when you listen to people who know hebrew and contemporary prose and contextual wisdom it's a lot more poetic), some politics, some cultural history, passing down of religious rites (including the rules) and basically their version of aesop's fables, all stitched into a quilt.
The apocryphal texts are also great (some of them solve plot holes in the bible, like the Book of Jubilees has the tale of Onan's brother preserved, Ethiopians translated it to english btw so you too can now finally figure out what onan did wrong, and it's not what onanism is).
Also if you haven't read them, read the Infant Gospels, Jesus mirrors God when he creates a dove out of clay and breathes life into it like God did to Adam. (uh, spoilers I guess)
i agree but lets be honest, someone in history had done a reallllly bad job at collecting the different narratives and putting them into one source which is the modern bible we read today
Often times it reads to me like a salacious soap opera that has really specific advice.
@@alienvisitor8393They weren't written to be one source that's why you can't make a cohesive Bible without trimming it down to a handful of books.
It's a collection of everything ( as a christian so don't attack me ) it has peoms, documents about Jesus, revelation,letters literally everything you can think of 😂
jake you're so powerful, you make somewhat-controversial videos and get no backlash, you have so much power
edit: please stop replying to this comment, i dont think much of you (who are replying) arent much older than 15 and you obviously need to understand what roles religion and tradition plays in world politics
🍞breb
🍞breb
😅😅😊😊😊😊
What is controversial about explaining the Bible, isn't the job of Sunday school
@@mido3332 well he did kinda debunk a myth that most christians and most jews believe
As an israeli who was burned out on all this stuff due to our education system forcing every student to take tanach classes (same concept as bible study classes), you did a really good job making the whole subject a lot more digestible and even enjoyable! Hope you can continue to cover stuff like this with you silly drawings and what have you :)
edit: for everyone saying "free palestine etc etc." please stop. This is not the place for you to project yourselves on a situation you most likely know nothing about. I was making a simple statement as someone forced to learn this by our education system
מאוד תלוי במורה. תנך היה השיעור האהוב אליי.
@@lior_theboom Oh yeah 100% but you're forced to learn it whether you want to or not which is a problem in and of itself.
@@YourName-eg8fx לדעתי שיעור תנך אמור להיות על סיפורי התנך בלי להתעמק בכל הקטע הדתי. מורה אחת לתנך לימדה תנך כאילו זה אוסף סיפורים מעניינים ובגלל זה הכיתה התעניינה בשיעור שלה. מורה אחר התעמק בקטע הדתי בכל סיפור ואפילו הכריח אותנו ללמוד מדרשים ודברי צדיקים ואף אחד בכיתה האתיסטית שלי לא נהנה מהשיעורים שלו.
מבינה כשמלמדים תנך כי זה הסיפורים של העם שלנו, לא מבינה למה להכריח ילדים שלא מאמינים בזה ללמוד יותר. שיעורי תנך לכולם אמורים להיות טעימה מהיסטוריה שלנו ואם מישהו רוצה להתעמק שילמד לבד בבית.
@@rabbit_girl ok
אני דתי אז לאדע קצת נפגעתי אבל קקה הוא אחלה אז למי אכפת
My dad is an ex Army chaplain and now a pastor so this is the stuff I always heard him and his various sect friends debate. This was a nice reminder of those times. Thank you and God bless.
If anyone is interested in how the Bible was written I recommend a video about all the changes in the bible by Trey the Explainer. He also made many videos regarding some aspects in the bible. As a catholic I learned more from him and other people that are atheist than I ever did in church so I really recommend him.
trey*
@@dinoguy1122-k5r Ah yeah sorry, I’ll fix it
Well I mean if you're more interested in the supposed meta than of course meta commentators are going to be more your jam. You don't go to church to learn archeology theories and linguistic hypotheses. Just like you don't go to a yoga studio to learn the history of preVedic india. I think most of the 'I learned more from fill in the blank secular source than church' people are actually mostly interested in 'critical analysis' of religion rather than religion itself.
@@archieames1968 I said it broughtly but I’ll explain it more to you.
When it comes to us catholics once we’re 9 we go to the church classes to prepare ourselves for the first communion and at 14 for confirmatikn. We go in classes to our main priest and learn things about our religion. I remember that when we were 14 one boy asked the priest how was the Bible written and the priest didn’t want to answer the question even though its a simple one. In order to be a part of the religions one must not only blindly believe but also know straight fact: Bible was changed multiple times by people in order to reflect their own politics (unfortunetly). Many priests just say that Bible is straight up gods word, which is wrong.
As a christian I think that the church should teach stuff like this, but they don’t want to because people would be too confused. That’s why I said that I learned more about the Bible history from atheist than I did from my own priest.
Also, chuch IS the place to study the Bible and its teaching, its changes and its philosphy. But church these days is only a place of blind following with no critical thinking, I know that many people just go to church and never listen a word that the priest says.
That’s it, I hope the comment wasn’t too long lol, your comment is a fair critic
That's something I don't get, I was raised Christian and while I no longer believe had I stayed with the faith I would have definitely actually researched this stuff on my own instead of trusting the church to do it for me, and I don't understand how so many Christians don't have that mentality. Good on you for not being like that.
The monotone “boioioing, arf arf. AWOOGA!!” I can’t😂😂😂 1:07
I can’t described how much I appreciate and love this source analysis, it is extremely helpful
This is probably my favorite video of yours so far! It's really interesting looking at contradictions and hearing about theories as to why they exist!
breb🍞
the humility displayed by this dude is insane. Mad props for making good videos while also helping us learn stuff while directing us to more things that can help us learn more stuff.
I'm an aethiest but was always intrigued with the history of religious text writing. This was a really interesting video
I just deconverted - Clarity now
@@ryandaripper9937 deconverted from what?
I am pretty most atheist are and that is why
As a Roman Catholic, I really enjoyed learning about this video and appreciate how respectful and informative it was. Keep up the good work man and I’d like to see more videos of this type if you can.
This video is blasphemous and against the teachings of the Church
Christians shouldn’t support atheistic views or even say “keep up the good work” plz check your faith and heart towards God , Jesus loves all yall
☄️THE GOSPEL OF THE WORD OF ALMIGHTY GOD "the last age in which God saves man from the destruction of this old world"
(In the Age of the Kingdom, God uses the word to initiate a new age, change the way He works, and do the work of the entire age. This is the principle God uses to work in the Age of the Word. Such work is done to better achieve the goals of conquering man, perfecting man, and eliminating man, which is the true meaning of using words to work in the Word Age. Through these, these, the man is being exposed, taken away, and tested. People have seen God's words, heard these words, and acknowledged their existence. The word "words" can be please and ordinary, but the words spoken from the mouth of God incarnate shake the universe, they change people's hearts, change their thoughts and former dispositions, and change the former form of the whole world. From this time on, man lives under the guidance of God's words, guided and sustained by His words. These words and deeds are all for the salvation of man, to fulfill the will of God, and to change the original form of the world of the previous creation. God created the world with words, He guides people throughout the universe with words, and He conquers and saves them with words. Ultimately, He will use the words to bring an end to the entire old world, thereby completing the entirety of His plan of government.)
Almighty God said
In the AGE OF THE KINGDOM, GOD USES the WORD to START the NEW AGE, CHANGE the way He works, and do the WORK of the entire age. This is the principle that GOD USES in WORKING in the AGE of the WORD. He became a MAN to speak from different perspectives, so that MAN CAN REALLY SEE GOD, who is the WORD APPEARING IN THE FLESH, and behold His WISDOM and WONDER.🙏
SUCH WORK IS DONE to better ACHIEVE the GOALS of SUBJECTING MAN, making MAN PERFECT, and eliminating man, which is the TRUE MEANING of using WORDS to WORK in the AGE of the WORD. ☀️🙏
THROUGH these words, MAN KNOWS God's work, God's disposition, MAN'S SPIRIT, and WHAT MAN SHOULD ENTER. THROUGH the WORDS, the ENTIRE WORK that GOD wants to DO in the AGE of the WORD is FULFILLED. THROUGH these WORDS, PEOPLE are exposed, removed, and tried. PEOPLE have SEEN the WORDS of GOD, HEARD these WORDS, and recognized the existence of these WORDS. 🙏
Because of this, they have believed in the EXISTENCE of GOD, in the infinite POWER and WISDOM of GOD, as well as in GOD'S LOVE for MAN and His only SAVE MAN. THE WORD "words" may be simple and ordinary, but the words spoken from the mouth of God incarnate shake the UNIVERSE, they CHANGE PEOPLE'S HEARTS, CHANGE their mindsets and former DISPOSITIONS, and CHANGE the former form of the whole WORLD. 🙏💐
THROUGH THE AGES, only the GOD of TODAY HAS DONE in this way, and He is the only one who SPEAKS LIKE THAT and comes to SAVE MAN like that. From this TIME, MAN LIVES UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF GOD'S WORDS, guided and sustained by His WORDS. 🙏
PEOPLE LIVE in the WORLD of GOD'S WORDS, IN THE MIDST of the curses and blessings of GOD'S WORDS, and even more people begin to LIVE UNDER THE JUDGMENT and PUNISHMENT of His WORDS. These WORDS and ACTIONS are ALL for the SALVATION of MAN, to FULFILL the WILL of GOD, and to CHANGE the ORIGINAL form of the WORLD of the previous CREATION.☀️
GOD CREATED THE WORLD with WORDS, He GUIDES PEOPLE throughout the UNIVERSE with WORDS, and He CONQUERS and SAVES them with WORDS. 🙏
At LAST, He WILL USE WORDS to END the entire former WORLD, thereby completing the ENTIRENESS of His PLAN of GOVERNMENT. 🙏
Throughout the AGE of the KINGDOM, GOD USES WORDS to DO His WORK, and achieve the RESULTS of His WORK. He does NOT work wonders or perform miracles, but only does His work through words. Because of these WORDS, MAN IS CARED for and fed, and gains KNOWLEDGE and TRUE EXPERIENCE. ☀️
In the AGE of the WORD, MAN is greatly blessed. He does not suffer physical pain and only enjoys an abundant supply of God's words; without having to narrowly search or travel, in the midst of His comfort, he sees the manifestation of God, he HEARS Him SPEAK from His OWN mouth, he ACCEPTS what He gives, and personally baptizes Him to do His WORK.
These are things that people in previous ages did not enjoy, and these are blessings they will never receive. 🙏
From "The Word, Vol. 1 The Manifestation and Work of God. The Age of the Kingdom is the Age of the Word"
Fulfillment of "In the beginning He was the Word, the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1). ... and "When I looked up, someone handed me a book wrapped in a scroll. I opened it and I read on both sides the prayers, lamentations, and curses." (Ezekiel 2:9-10). ... "His garment was stained with blood. He was called the "Word of God" (Rev. 19:13).
The kingdom He brought down and set up in the highest in the sky so that it can occupy His creation in the universe and engrave on it the entirety of His Holy name "THE CHURCH OF ALMIGHTY GOD" 💐 fulfillment of (Mat. 16:18) "And I say as for you, you are Peter, on top of this rock I will build my Church, that even the power of death will not prevail over it.". ... and "The Letter to the Church in Philadelphia" (Rev. 3:7-13). ... And fulfillment of "The New Jerusalem" 💫 "The Spirit enveloped me, and the angel led me to the top of a very high mountain. He showed Me Jerusalem, the Holy City, coming down from heaven from God." (Rev. 3:7-13). ... " For the time has come in the house of God for the beginning of judgment in the house of God." (1 Peter 4:17). ... It is fulfilled that God Himself is our Pastor in (Rev. 7:17) 💐
"For the Lamb in the midst of the throne will be their PASTOR. He will lead them to springs of life-giving water; and God will wipe the tears from their eyes"
📩 Calling and leading the sheep of God to His glorious Throne "THE CHURCH OF ALMIGHTY GOD"💐 to submit again to His authority so that He will continue to teach, guide and protect even in plague, famine and wild animals will not be moved by it and completely win this final battle with the big red dragon!
"They say with a loud voice, "Salvation comes from the Lamb, and from our God who sits on the Throne!" (Rev. 7:10). ... and it will be fulfilled that will be established above the sky/RUclips in (Isaiah 2: 2 / 9:6) "On the Last Day, the mountain on which Jehovah's temple stands will stand out above all the mountains. All nations will flock there. " . . . "For a baby boy is born to us. The rule will be given to him; and he shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Almighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace." 📩
I am also a Catholic; although I do admit some sympathies toward Richard Simon (pronounced see-MONE), mentioned here.
The Church teaches the immanent Christ at the Eucharist. That's it.
The Church is acutely aware of at least two transmissions of the Pentateuch, namely the Greek and the Hebrew, which are not the same, and are accepted as equally valid transmissions from an earlier "Vorlage". Jerome's Old Testament was from the Hebrew and he was a saint. Other Church saints used the Greek.
To those objecting to Senor Ramos above - Textual criticism is hardly a problem for our faith. If it is a problem for your faith, I humbly submit that your faith has the problem. We don't.
@@yoboijerry5519What happened to “love thy neighbor as you love yourself” or “respect other’s religions”???????
Well done! I took two courses on this very subject back in the dark ages when I was in college. You basically covered the entire first semester's worth of material in under 20 minutes and it was completely clear.
The half-hearted "boioioing arf arf arf awooga" makes it ten times funnier.
Jake, I think you managed to handle a pretty delicate and complicated subject incredibly well, while still remaining incredibly interesting and easy to understand. In other words, YOU DID GOOD
(BTW, I'm not an expert, but I am a jewish, hebrew speaking, son of a rabbi)
One contradiction that always jumped out at me even as a kid was that Cain was worried that he'd run into people that would mistreat him and that he was able to find a wife. They were like the 3rd and 4th people on earth
YES! And the "explanations" (more like lame excuses) i heard were even worse. "Oh its just because that they didn't mention all the other sons", well then, God is quite nonsensical about what to include in his holy book, because in other parts we get painfully long and boring lineages lists
Then who would be Adam's sons' wives? His daughters? Would it be incest?
@@lc4n333 Duh
This one was one of the questions that almost got me kicked out of Cathechism. The priest locked me into a room to "pray and meditate about God", or something (it was a long time ago).
The net effect was that I walked out of that room thinking they were all full of it.
In time, I learned a lot more, even attended lectures and read a myriad of books and even some PhD dissertations. All that didn't change my mind from my 10 yo impression they were full of it.
Maybe if I watched this video at the time I would have gone easier on the priest. He most certainly wouldn't have gone easier on me though.
He married Awan, his sister which is clearly stated in the Bible.
I was so surprised you decided to tackle the more technical side of the Bible considering it can be quite a heavy and large topic. However you did a good job explaining this hypothesis that made easy to understand. Good job Jake! Can’t wait to see what else you do with this series
Jacob wrestled with Jesus. This is the Christian interpretation. Whenever the Bible mentions “THE angel of the Lord” in the Old Testament it is the pre-incarnate Christ
5:52 this is not describe literal sequence of events. There has been much debate over this but Saint Augustine believed the sequence of days to be a metaphor for something God did “in a single moment.”
The book of Genesis is not a literal scientific account but it’s very poetic
I don’t think anyone’s denying that it’s poetic, it’s just the things the poem talks about are all wrong
Honestly Jake, your ability to dive into source materials as well as commentaries and academic theories regarding these subjects is quite impressive. I see you refer to your community college degree often as a gag however I truly believe that you exemplify the best attributes of a true scholar.
If you’re up for the challenge I feel though that you would prosper and do well within a university course for a history major or something similar. You may humbly see yourself as an animator and youtuber however you really show the skills of a true scholar.
Many other RUclipsrs on here are not as thorough as yourself nor do they show the same degree of humility as well as willing to admit where they were incorrect or oversimplified something.
I truly think you would thrive in an academic environment and any university would be proud to count you as a member of its alumni. Regardless, your videos are terrific and continue the great work. You should be very proud of what you have accomplished so far. Best wishes.
lol nice Chat GPT
Why do you think this guy's a bot@@coolkid8608
The Hebrew Bible was an interesting subject before having a course on it. Now, I am just happy to see this with it no more being tied to an exam. Probably going to watch some of these professors. If they are good, I may end up wondering why I paid for a course on the Hebrew Bible.
literally love this channel, been watching since halfway through last year and i’ve genuinely learnt so much (:
The fact that nobody laughed at Dr. Richard's joke is the biggest crime against God.
care to explain the joke?
@@Dosadniste2000 The doctor tells Moses that he is [too tense]/[two tents]. I thought it was funny.
Thank you.@@nicholas31415
This is very good breakdown of the inconsistencies in the Old Testament. It is very interesting, how you can isolate different tellings of the same happenings.
My hipotesis would be that somewhere along the line these texts were copied to make multiple copies, and there were copiers who just copied the text but couldn't really read it. Like chinese characters: you can learn to write/copy them even without knowing the meaning.
The copiers may have worked from multiple sources put before them.
The copiers may have switched the different sources around, may have ignored things to leave out, or such.
Jake Finding all the Retcons for the authors, what a helpful and nice guy!
Yeah! As a Christian, this was really helpful to learn more about, it’s interesting that there were multiple sources for the events, and they just thought about putting them all together, and honestly, I don’t hate it, either story still works, cause in the end, it’ll lead to the same thing, it doesn’t ruin The Bible as a whole, it just made it more confusing, but atleast the stories aren’t ruined (If there are more moments talked about one event of a scripture, like if it continues one storyline that one scripture was talking about, then we’ll probably know if that one is the true scripture, and which parts aren’t the true ones, making it easier with which parts to follow)
thank you for making this video jake! as a Christian I truly appreciate you doing your research and going further than that and giving us more sources!
Same
So, still a Christian? Huh
The reading I take with Genesis 1 is more symbolic than anything else. On the first three days God creates space, and then fills the space on the next three days, and the passage is meant to emphasize that he’s a God of order. Just like you described in 7:43
It's all just stories, nothing from the book can be taken literal.
@@tabularasa0606Historical accounts can
I always thought that the description of Moses' death was written by Joshua since he succeeds Moses in the immediate next book (but they still decided to call Moses the author since he wrote everything up until that point). I did not know about this whole documentary hypothesis. Thanks for that Jake.
Also, slight detail you missed but the world wasn't a barren desert in the second interpretation of the creation story. A layer of the world was covered in a permanent mist, which is what moistened the earth and allowed plants to grow. The first time the world actually experienced rain was during Noah's flood (at least as far as I know. Anyone feel free to fact check me if there's a contradiction to that statement).
But yeah, rain wasn't a thing for a while.
This ideia that rain did not exist until Noah is a modern creationist view. Even if true, it is only true in J source, but not in P, where there is no mention of this mist.
Also Joshua could not have written that text, not even Moses, because they clearly speak in a way where Moses or Joshua is a different person, and they also speak in the past, describing events that did not happened in the supposed time Moses and Joshua lived.
@@sonofcronos7831
It can't be modern if it were mentioned in the Bible itself however, I will admit that they only do mention it in J not P so there's that.
However, if we're going by your logic, that means that even though it wasn't mentioned in P, that doesn't mean that it didn't exist entirely. Rain is still never mentioned until Noah (for both P AND J) so the mist could have actually been a thing.
@@sonofcronos7831
I feel like this comes down to personal belief. If you think that the Bible was written in the hypothesis method, sure go for it.
If you think it was written by Moses and Joshua inspired by God (and later accounts and translations referred to them in third person instead of first), then I think that's also valid. Remember, the original texts don't exist anymore so there is definitely A LOT in the air up for debate.
definitely would love to see more old testament storied divided into their versions, it's interesting to pick them apart and see which ones might have been older or more influenced by Egyptians or Babylonians or whomever.
You say the goofy drawings comment sarcastically but it truly adds a ton of value. I care about inconsistencies in the Bible since it is my faith of choice but not enough to dedicate tens of hours looking into the subject and reading boring books and watching boring college classes. You're goofy drawings really do add a lot more value than you think allowing a kid to learn more about his faith in a timely and entertaining manor. Wish to make videos very similar to these in the near future. Keep up the great work.
So you don't care
You put so much work into your videos to make it understandable, visually easy, and put together. Thank you for your work
Thanks for putting this in a way that was digestible and illustrated the point beautifully. Well done!
You did a good job at explaining this, I’m looking forward to seeing more videos you make on the bible!
Man I think you should have a series because your number 1 in the top ten explainers in any subjet
A very important note: The Ishmalities and the Madinaties were probably just two different designations for the same group of people (we see the same thing elsewere in the Bible in Judges 8: 22-24). It would be the equivalent of reading in a history book that the Americans rebelled against the King of England, but when the war began, the Colonists didn't have the weapons they needed. "Americans" and "Colonists" are just two different designations for the same group of people. This is probably what is actually going on with the Madianites and Ishmalities in Genesis 37.
The only confusion I still have about this is the part where the "Midianites" sold Jacob to the "Ishmaelites". Isn't that a bit like "The Colonists sold ___ to the Americans"?
@@raymondwhatley9954 InspiringPhilosphy has a video where he explains everything in depth:
ruclips.net/video/VKqo6EtbBqM/видео.html
The reason why we know that these are from two different sources and not just two different names is that if you write down sentences with Ishmalities on one piece of paper and sentences with Madinaties on another, then you get two complete stories without omission and repetitions:
1) Ishmaelites are passing by, brothers sold Joseph to them, they brought him to Egypt, and sold him to Potiphar.
2) Madinaties were passing by, they took Joseph from the pit, brought him to Egypt and sold him to Potiphar.
Each fact (passing by, acquiring Joseph, bringing to Egypt, selling to Potiphar) appears in each story exactly once! What is probability that this would happen if someone uses Ishmaelites and the Madinaties just as synonymous? I bet $1000 you can't do this with Americans and Colonists in any historian books.
@@papalyosha ur ability to take one story and (in ur mind) divide it into two may validate ur own assumptions, but for the rest of us we just be wondering how u thought it was perfectly acceptable to decide a passage is composite based upon linguistics alone (like where is this an agreed upon rule?)… homie makes a good point about the fact that a variety of terms could as easily mean a wide vocabulary of one individual over and against multiple (rather short-for-words) writers - why should it not? We can’t say what we don’t know and what we dont know is when a single one of these words were in popular use - all those things are guesses and theories…
@@pistachio-cat1043 Gen 39:1: "...the captain of the guard, bought him from the Ishmaelites..."
I've watched other videos on this subject, and I really like how you provide examples of the stories that contradict each other, rather than focusing on the chronology or grammar that make the doublets distinct (though that's an equally valid way to distinguish them). The examples made it more clear. Great video.
If you want a deeper dive on the documentary hypothesis I would recommend Dr Joel Baden's lectures here on RUclips. He discusses Genesis all the way to Deuteuronomy.
No it is not a valid way
Excellent job. Very thoughtful, sincere and respectful of the text. This was very helpful and well done. Thanks.
The Hebrew pronunciation was better than I expected
Can't wait for the next one
Love this insightful video! So good to understand the discrepancies and inconsistencies in a text some take so seriously! I did my dissertation on cross-cultural folk tale origins and this is definitely bringing me back to my scholarly days 💕 Keep spreading the news dude 👍🏼
Something to keep I mind regarding the Genesis chapter 2 is the Hebrew translate. Hebrew is a complex language and has multiple forms, therefore in some translations like Niv and Esv, the Bible says that God called the animals that he HAD made, instead of making them then and there
I'm not sure what you're talking about. The verse is very clear in its verb tenses. Hebrew has two tenses (past and future, or perfect and imperfect, depending on the grammarian), a participle, and an infinitive. BH artifically creates two more tenses by adding an "and" junction to the first two, these are dubbed as "inverted".
Biblical narrative uses strings of verbs in the inverted future to create a sequence.
The verses go "And LORD God said (if): it is not good for man to be alone [etc]. And LORD God created (if) from the earth all the beast of the field and all the birds of the heavens and brought (if) them to he man..."
NIV probably wants to harmonize Gen1 with Gen2 so they switch the tense to make the creation SEEM like it's out of sequence...
(BTW when people ask "Are MH and BH different!?" the greatest obstacle for a MH speaker reading the Bible is decoding those "inverted" tenses, since they're considered obsolete in MH...)
Duuude! That small edit of Dr. Elliot at the end was so funny, I’m gonna laugh of this for a good while. Thanks for the vid 🫡
This was a great video showing the robust evidence for the Documentary Hypothesis. I went through Richard Elliot Friedman's RUclips course and learned a lot. I even picked up his book _"The Bible: With Sources Revealed"._ Friedman is a pretty funny guy!
too/two tense? explanation for non-english speakers pls?
I gotta say Jake, once more a pretty awesome video. Also good to know that you know when not to overreach. Biting off too much can end pretty badly if you really start dividing your fanbase. Keep up the good work ;)
5:12 When God rested on the 7th day, he listened to "Lo-fi hip hop beats to relax/study to"
Thanks for explaining this! As a Christian, it’s interesting to learn more about how two different scriptures were put together, and how with either way, the stories still work, cause they’ll lead to a similar outcome, it doesn’t ruin the stories, but it does make it more confusing, so I’m glad this can be cleared up, thanks man! (If one storyline continues from what one scripture was talking about, with the events of that same story continuing, then we’ll probably know if that one is the true scripture, and which parts aren’t the true ones, making it easier with which parts to follow… atleast, that’s how I think the issue can be solved)
But the bible is the true word of God according to Christians right?? U can't cherry pick. U must accept them all. Am I wrong atheist to Christian?
@@animegtrailer5208The bible is meant to be the word of god interpreted by humans; Not literally what god said and god written down.
@@tadijajo7644 According to Christians the Bible is the literal word of God and can't be false. Which is ubsurd considering the many errors in the bible including translation errors, scientific errors etc
@lyingboi2350Quran has no contradictions, look into Islam to become Muslim
@lyingboi2350 So what's your stance on Christians dictating people how to live because "it says so in the Bible"? If it's man-made then you lose the authority of "God ordered it this way".
People sometimes forget that there were many more ‘bibles’ that it is popular now. They forget about the councils of Nicea and Rome…destroying some texts as ‘heretical’. And deciding which books to include in the ‘modern(!)’ bible you read and believe now.
I'm very much appreciate this video. I've been looking for a breakdown of where the four different versions all fit in for a while. Thank you!
I didn't even watch this and I know I'm gonna enjoy it
Same
Me to?
same. where you one of the BREB? 🍞🍞🍞🥖🥖🥖
Breb🍞🥐🥖🫓🥨🥯
@@cat_supernova2242 Breb🍞🥐🥖🫓🥨🥯
Love the animation and comedic style dude! Fun content
You did a really great job explaining this.
As a recognized expert among my peers: I am in awe. You have a smooth delivery.
This was amazing! Great job on your research and fun editing.
This is literally 17 weeks of my college biblical archaeology course summarized in 17 mins.
To make using Hebrew easier in future videos, most of the time when Hebrew is written, vowels are not included. Vowels in Hebrew are the tiny symbols that go around the letters to form syllables. At least this is what I was taught in my denomination.
And now, Jake, it's time to discuss Pre-Adamite Theory: Genesis 1 talks about God creating the universe (including humanity) and Genesis 2 talks about the Garden of Eden, Adam, Eve and his specific family (after the general creation of humanity). 🙂 In Seminary, our OT professor said that all of this is still debated, but you should never make it a sermon topic. You did great!
You know I honestly can't stand organized religion but your videos are so fascinating to watch I just can't stop watching them
Love these biblical studies vids! I learn so much!
Imagine doing a retelling of Batman. You have a collection of Batman material - Adam West version, the Michael Keaton version, Christian Bale version. If you try to preserve as much of each one, you’ll have major contradictions.
My guess is that during the exile, every scroll they had from became sacred. Even if those scrolls came from divergent sects.
Who ever compiled them together was trying to preserve as many stories as possible, hence the contradictions.
I think the main difference here is that no one is following a Batman story as a faith and dictating their life choices (and trying to dictate the lives of others) based on the Batman story they grew up with/liked best.
@@cecileepaigeflowerdeYou're right, that's the only difference. The contractions still something both Batman and Bible have in common.
I believe mostly the interpretation because Hebrew was a hard language to translate
@@1timeagain Nope, the bible always tell us that she is mostly metaphors (exemple: Lambs are the followers of God; eternal fire ins't forever, it just means that it will destroy something that will never recover; etc...) a
Batman is just as real as the Bible.
Great summary of the documentary hypothesis. Thanks.
I’m a cradle Catholic, and attended Catholic schools my whole life. We were never taught that the Pentateuch was factual history or science. It was always presented as theology.
The entire Bible (OT and NT), we were taught, was not a single book, but a library containing theological literature of a variety of genres compiled over a thousand years by dozens of writers: myth, legend, history, poetry, law, wisdom, biography, and apocalyptic writing.
It is a stunningly beautiful artifact of ancient culture and deep wisdom that has miraculously endured for 3000 years. Even the non-believer must recognize it’s unique power as a tool for contemplating the most compelling and difficult and questions of being.
For me, it is the inspired word of God, who’s true message and meaning continues to be slowly revealed to us in accordance with our evolving capacity for understanding.
Its a monumental testament to how violent & primitive human beings are
My mom was nanny to a notable rabbi in the 90’s, and she had the chance to ask him about some of the Old Testament. What he told her, was that often times they (the Pharisees and equivalent Jewish leaders) would present people with 2-3 versions of what happened as a way to make it seem like they were making their own decisions about faith, since it’s easier to have someone go along with an idea/hold to a belief if they think they chose it fully willingly.
Also, side note, if you combine the war in Revelations against the Dragon, with Genesis 1 and 2, and pretend there’s more than 1 god, it’s virtually just the Enuma Elish, which makes absolute sense that it’s the inspiration given Abraham, patriarch of the Israelite ancestry came from Ur, the ancient Sumerian city, later apart of Mesopotamia, for which the Enuma Elish is their creation myth
There is even a second version of the 10 Commandments. Exodus 34: "The Lord said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. 2 Be ready in the morning, and then come up on Mount Sinai. Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain. 3 No one is to come with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain; not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the mountain.(.....)” Here we go again: a lone mountain top, where no one is around....
Even as a child I definitely noticed how the style of narration noticeably changes between Bereshit and the Exodus, but the docu hypothesis and others adjacent to it do a great job explaining this and many, many other discrepancies in the text.
it was me. i did it.
Do better.
Next time not so much flooding
@@spgetty959the flooding is plagiarism
It was probably a school project
Why'd you stop using stone good sir? Paper is out dated
Overall kind of a cynical tone to everything but I think that is the point. Something to note about the creation story Ch1 vs Ch2: Ch 1 is more of a Macro view of creation from nothing to planets, earth, animals, and man etc. Ch 2 then is a micro view focusing on animals and man. This is not really contradictory more just a different approach and perspective. Also the next chapter will be a conflict between God man and the sepent so show shifting the narrative perspective makes sense.
Now to the topic of Moses writing the Torah, I think it is pretty obvious he didn't write the passages after he died and it is very plausible the creation stories and other histories were passed down in written form and or orally. Also note there are famous painters throughout history who are attributed to a mural yet they had many apprentices who actually did most of the painting. It is notable that the Bible has had its editors but rather minor for the acient versions that we have. At some point they were canonized and scribes became more strict on copying them letter for letter line for line.
i think it would be interesting for a later video to show the differences between the christian, the jew, and the islamic version of the old stories since they mostly have the same people.
One important detail is also the evolution of God. In exodus he is "just" the god of the people of Israel and even battles with Egyptian gods to show his superiority. So the book acknowledges the existence of other gods. Only over time, the Mythology became more monotheistic and when Genesis was written, God was seen as the allmighty beeing that created the earth.
And then came muhamm@d & be like god wants us to violently spread his religion of over the world😅😅
Thank you for making this video!
Just my own, personal, hot take as a Christian and a history buff: I think the Torah probably began as an oral tradition that was put into writing by ancient Hebrew scribes many centuries later. This would be consistent with other religious writings that began as oral traditions before being written down in the forms we have today, such as the Iliad and Odyssey, or the Rigveda.
Maybe some of that oral tradition began with Moses? If so, that would explain the traditional attribution of Torah authorship to him.
Regardless, over centuries of retellings, several variations of each story developed, and for whatever reason, the ancient scribes who complied the Torah we have today felt a need to preserve every version of each story they could.
makes sense, It's the same with other ancient mythologies, it gets told orally over the course of centuries and the details get lost in the sauce
That was my thought process as well. That each “inconsistent” was a result of differing oral traditions from different places.
That two tents joke is comedy gold
In communication classes, you are told to repeat yourself. The basic idea is you tell your audience what you are going to say, you say it, and then you remind your audience what you just told them.
So there is nothing wrong with doublets.
Also, there is the concept of summary. So the creation in different chapters is not inconsistent. None of the summariezed stuff happened simultaneously. It was just a summary.
TL;DR the Bible did TLDRs so it isn't inconsistent.
*nothing wrong with doublets* Except when they contradict each other
6:19 And of every living thing, of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female
7:2 Take with you seven pairs of all clean animals, the male and its mate; and a pair of the animals that are not clean, the male and its mate;
7:3 and seven pairs of the birds of the air also, male and female, to keep their kind alive on the face of all the earth.
Does the flood last for forty days and nights (7:4, 12, 17) or does it last for 150 days (7:24)
@@fordprefect5304 easy, 2 of every animal except when its clean or a bird. Its not that complicated
@@Bacon2000. Except that is not what it says. Is it?
@@fordprefect5304 that IS what it says, you seem to forget the Bible was written in old English, if you ever read Macbeth in school, you'd know in old English (such as Shakespeare's work) it will go something like "give the infiltray 3 silver, give whos beloved died in battle 10, " etc,
This is an example of not understanding how old English works, rather than calling it a contradiction. Look at the original language it was made in, it's even clearer their.
@@Bacon2000. The OT was written in Hebrew at least 1500 years before English took hold.
The story was made up by 2 different groups and poorly merged
These videos have been great! Keep making them!
The early stories came from Abraham, who was a polytheist. Hebrew Torah had multiple deities until the sixth century bce. Same stories, different names in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh. Iraq's where Abraham came from
So they rejected Mosaic authorship in favour of mosaic authorship?
holy shit thats a goddamn perfect pun
Keep up the good work Jake👍
🍞breb
5:36 The use of the term “yawheh God” here is inaccurate. The name of God, when written, is always pronounced “adonai,” meaning “lord/ruler.”
It’s because of a rule of Judaism that you shouldn’t say God’s name. This rule is often misinterpreted by Christians who think you shouldn’t ever swear by the word “God,” which is ridiculous because “god” is just an English word that means “a deity.”
8:26 I think it would be better to say “characterful” than “anthropomorphic,” since God in Jewish texts is always formless, but is definitely sometimes depicted like an almighty being and other times depicted like a mythological character.
As a non-jew I am not bound to jewish custom. HOWEVER, out of respect for those who are, I only use the name Yahweh when discussing the god in an informational context. Which is how the majority of biblical scholars go about it.
In my cartoons summarising biblical stories, which are more jokey and irreverent, I will not pronounce the name Yahweh.
@@JakeDoubleyooyeah, I figured you were using it to point out where the name of God is written in the Torah. I just kind of wanted to point it out for people who might not get that. This video’s pretty great, and I appreciate that it doesn’t latch onto a heavily religious Christian interpretation as “the real version” like so many people do.
Edit: I also like that you drew the biblical characters to look like middle easterners and not as the straight haired, blue eyed, light skinned dudes that so many Christian depictions of the bible have. Oh, and the very scholarly approach without a religious lens.
very well put together Jake. i love your content for its historical humour, but loved this ones more serious tone when dealing with a more in depth topic. many christians i know would be offended about this being pointed out, and it is nice that you narrated this in a way that would not come across in the wrong way.
also i loved the 14:25 meme
I loved that at 12:12 you accurately depicted the Egyptian pyramids as being white with gold on the top, which is how they did look at the time.
Y’know, this technically doesn’t even have to fly in the face of the idea of Moses directly being involved with the Pentateuch himself, if we simply postulate that hey, he could easily have been one of these four sources, where others ended up filling in blanks or attempting to recomplete records that had been lost after the fact, or something like that
I bet all religions, mythology and foklores are just jake travelling back in time and showing his videos to people thousands of years ago
*You know to much.*
Hey Jake! I’d love to see your take on the Book of Mormon! I think it would make a pretty good video imo
💀
A load of bullcrap written by a convicted conman
This is one of the most fascinating videos I think I’ve ever seen
i like to imagine its number of people updating it with new stories
I think I’ve learned more about the Torah from you than I ever did at Hebrew school or going to synagogue!
I first heard about Plutarch from the Simpsons episode where Bart became a Catholic and Lisa said "Bart's speaking latin the langauge of Plutarch,"
"What the language of Mickey's Mouse's dog," Homer replied
Awesome job as always man, a brilliant and interesting video! So worth the money I give each month!
2:13 Another issue of authorship: How would Noah know what animals were or were not clean? The Torah was not written yet.
I mean, in fairness he seemed to have been in correspondence with God
When I adressed those kind of contradictions to a local priest, he told me that the Bible is the way it is because the story told there is meant to teach people about an especific virtue that God himself wanted us to learn. The differences are meant to make people reflect on more situations than a linear story could ever do. I agree with his statement.
Yep, the more contradicted the text is the better.
Another RUclipsr that breaks the documentary hypothesis down really well is “Inspiring Philosophy”. I first got introduced to it by him and he really fleshes it out well
If you’re up for the challenge I feel though that you would prosper and do well within a university course for a history major or something similar. You may humbly see yourself as an animator and youtuber however you really show the skills of a true scholar.
jake you're so powerful, you make somewhat-controversial videos and get no backlash, you have so much power
Well bible was writing before IP was a thing so everyone could just pop in and write something, and then someone collected everything and made complete edition and published it world wide and boom international best seller.
As an Orthodox Jew, my Rabbis reasoned that a lot of these contradictions and repeats were intentional. While it’s not my intention to convince anyone that the Torah is written perfectly, I still wanna share some of the neat ideas I was told. Firstly, I was taught that when G-d commanded Moses to write the Torah, it was primarily G-d writing through Moses. All stories and points that were to take place after Moses’ death were what G-d told him of his future. G-d told him to write down his future mistakes, who he would pass on his role as leader to, and how he would die. The only thing Moses truly wrote for himself was a point stating his humility. From what I remember, Moses asked G-d to shrink a letter in a certain part in order to make Moses seem less great. G-d also made sure to repeat stories and lessons to either get a different meaning from it or to emphasize the importance of the story. That’s pretty much all I remember from my Judaic studies. If there’s any Christians and Muslims reading this, I’d love to hear your guys explanation of the first testament. Also, if there are any other Jews that see this, feel free to correct or add on to anything I said.
According to Genesis, in what order were the land animals, man, and women created? This “simple” question has two different answers. According to Genesis 1:24-27, God creates the land animals (vv. 24-25), and then man and woman (vv. 26-27). However, in Genesis 2:7, God creates man, and then in v. 19 creates animals, and in v. 22 creates woman. Thus, the commonly heard idea that Genesis 2 is an elaboration upon Genesis 1, filling in various details, does not work-the two accounts tell different stories.
Credit:
Prof Marc Zvi Brettler
Duke University
Prof. Marc Zvi Brettler is Bernice & Morton Lerner Distinguished Professor of Judaic Studies at Duke University, and Dora Golding Professor of Biblical Studies (Emeritus) at Brandeis University. He is author of many books and articles, including How to Read the Jewish Bible (also published in Hebrew), co-editor of The Jewish Study Bible and The Jewish Annotated New Testament (with Amy-Jill Levine), and co-author of The Bible and the Believer (with Peter Enns and Daniel J. Harrington), and The Bible With and Without Jesus: How Jews and Christians Read the Same Stories Differently (with Amy-Jill Levine). Brettler is cofounder of Project TABS (Torah and Biblical Scholarship)
No wonder I got kicked out of the Church in the 2nd Century CE… I was always a a poor man’s roguish Job… I had enough of an anthropomorphic divine creature pretending to be God… so dragged it into the physical plane, switched places with it… I couldn’t get cursed out more often… because it too gets to experience pain and suffering. Whatever it is, it’s not collecting my soul, which it didn’t create because it never had the ability. I was more Nimrod than Nimrod, will be more Nimrod than Nimrod well after he dies. Sometimes I also borrowed Samson’s might…so most of my Bible was how a lesser deity tried to deceive me. Implied is the existence of a reluctant to act but very distant higher deity as well as the strength of any virtuous soul… otherwise I wouldn’t be able to drag this God thing into the physical plane. Thus was the attempt to explain the contradictions, a deity way too anthropomorphic. The good news for It was I wasn’t Vespasian or Titus… otherwise Judaea and bordering regions would’ve been ritually cleansed. There would be no need to plunder Temple treasures.
Guys, it was actually me, those were just different publishers
Have to say as a Christian this is both intresting and amusing to see. Its fun seen how theologens disagree and have difrent takes on certain things same way historians do.
As a Christian I wanted to say, thank you for this well researched analysis while still remaining respectful to the religion. I love studying the history of the Bible but it seems a lot of sources are a pendulum of over critical zealots, either you’re going to burn in hell for questioning the Bible or you’re a fool for believing in it. It’s refreshing seeing someone pursue this delicate subject matter without bias.
*2:04* noah: so should i also put the dinosaurs there?
god: no
It's really interesting that the books of the Tanakh that we have today come from the end of the Babylonian captivity, about 400 BCE. Even that was just a captivity of the ruling class. The common people that remained in Canaan still worshiped Yahweh and El (and Ashera, and other Canaanite gods) in their old ways. It wasn't until the Persians (modern day Iran) liberated the Jews and rebuilt their temple that the returning elites, (ahem) "found" a scroll containing The Law - that conveniently said everyone obey the ruling elite. That was Ezra that is credited with promulgating the new monotheistic religion to consolidate Persia's (through Jerusalem's) influence over the local Canaanite people.
There is still a tiny population of people that follow the Israelite religion in its original form handed down by the prophets. They are the Samaritans (one shows up in the book of Matthew in the Christian New Testament). Modern-day Jews consider them heretical and in Israel they have a pretty tough time of it.
Great video. Please, keep making more like these.
I think Genesis 1 goes over the entire creation story while Genesis 2 zooms in on Adam and Eve and the garden, in this view the creation of the animals in Genesis 2 could be seen as God creating animals directly in the garden on the 6th day as well as all around the earth on the 5th day, this would also explain why in Genesis 2 God is called Yaweh which is a more personal name showing his intimate relationship with humanity. And "Now no shrub had yet appeared on the earth and no plant had yet sprung up", shows that their may have been seeds which had just not sprouted yet. So I believe that the accounts of Genesis 1 and 2 are complimentary and not contradictory.
Yahweh is not a more intimate name (think Lord Voldemort). In fact, we don't even know what it sounded like and it still isn't pronounced by Jews today. You are free to believe whatever you like but the stories are in fact contradictory. It's right there in black and white in the Bible.
@@edwinlucianofrias1643 what’s contradictory, or wrong with my above explanation. Also I’m pretty sure most scholars would agree Yahweh Is a much more intimate name.
@@clutchmaster6000 Maybe you're confusing YHWH with HaShem.
@@edwinlucianofrias1643 no I’m not, Jews will actually prefer to say hashem over Yahweh because of how personal yaweh is
According to Genesis, in what order were the land animals, man, and women created? This “simple” question has two different answers. According to Genesis 1:24-27, God creates the land animals (vv. 24-25), and then man and woman (vv. 26-27). However, in Genesis 2:7, God creates man, and then in v. 19 creates animals, and in v. 22 creates woman. Thus, the commonly heard idea that Genesis 2 is an elaboration upon Genesis 1, filling in various details, does not work-the two accounts tell different stories.
And before you give me the standard apologist answer that one chapter compliments the other
Genesis: 1 credits Elyon the head of the Canaanite pantheon of gods
Genesis: 2 credits El-Yahweh the god assigned to Israel by Elyon
*The bible tells me so*
Deuteronomy 32:8-9 (Dead Sea Scrolls)
When Elyon divided the nations, when he separated the sons of Adam, he established the borders of the nations according to the number of the sons of the gods. Yahweh’s portion was his people, [Israel] his allotted inheritance.