Cemetery Cremation Burial -- digging the hole

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  • Опубликовано: 3 ноя 2023
  • How to do a cremation burial in a cemetery. This covers removing the sod, digging the hole, covering it, and then refilling the burial, marking it and replacing the sod.

Комментарии • 121

  • @joyleenpoortier7496
    @joyleenpoortier7496 5 месяцев назад +11

    These two older men looks like they have done this many times before. I thought they did a nice job. Thank you ❤

  • @mikef4776
    @mikef4776 5 месяцев назад +6

    Thought they did a good job! This is how it is done in our area of new england !many people are opting for this ! My wife and i will be having this done, hopefully not for a while! Alot less expensive than the casket buriel and besides were both clastrophobic, lol. I thought the workers were respectful, thanks for the video!

  • @gailreineke7186
    @gailreineke7186 5 месяцев назад +7

    I’m being cremated and will be buried in my church cemetery free. My sisters don’t want my urn in their homes or scatter me. I respect that.

  • @sharondunphy6737
    @sharondunphy6737 5 месяцев назад +4

    Great team work enjoyed the video

  • @thomasmint1761
    @thomasmint1761 2 месяца назад +1

    Your soil is so rich and easy to dig. At my cemetery in Virginia, the earth is hard red clay. It is like iron in the summer. You have to use a pry bar or some other tool to gradually break it up as you go down, before it can be shoveled

  • @leahgannon5030
    @leahgannon5030 5 месяцев назад +2

    Thank you for sharing this, very helpful, 👩🏼👍🏼

  • @damondsmith9279
    @damondsmith9279 5 месяцев назад +6

    That's how me and my sister buried our mom's ashes. She passed away from cancer in 2022.

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +1

      Sorry about your mother. My brothers and I did that with my mother when she passed away 10 years ago.

    • @puttec5081
      @puttec5081 5 месяцев назад +1

      sorry about that

  • @countrydawn418
    @countrydawn418 5 месяцев назад +2

    Very good video.

  • @peggypotter4750
    @peggypotter4750 5 месяцев назад +1

    A very good job.👍

  • @annaraab8853
    @annaraab8853 5 месяцев назад +6

    To avoid cemetery opening and closing of a grave charge: bring a large pot of flowers to the cemetery, dig a hole, place the urn or ashes in the hole. A bit of dirt then the flowers. A funeral director gave me that advice.

  • @truewellu7700
    @truewellu7700 5 месяцев назад +3

    Nice vlog

  • @janemichaud6544
    @janemichaud6544 5 месяцев назад +3

    Different strokes for different folks.

  • @huskylovinmom9379
    @huskylovinmom9379 5 месяцев назад +1

    We had my sisters ashes in an urn & the cemetery in Texas where my mother is buried & I have a place by her to be buried allowed us to just dig a hole, circular like the urn, right in front of mother's stone, and put her urn down in that hole. My husband & brother dug the hole about four feet deep & just big enough around to get the urn in. Then we covered it up & put a small flat stone on top of it. There was no need to take up a whole burial place & my mother, my sister & I will all be buried together as we always wanted. My husband is going to be cremated but I'm not so I'm hoping he will have the same thing done we did for my sister. We all grew up in Texas, he didn't, but we live in Alabama but we're 75 now, time to plan. He does love our hometown in Texas though. I watched this become it was interesting to me since we did the same thing basically.

  • @rickwalker5203
    @rickwalker5203 5 месяцев назад +3

    Cremains can be spread on public lands in most states.

  • @angelagarcia5795
    @angelagarcia5795 4 месяца назад

    Mi querida hermana hace unos meses que fallecio y pidió que sus cenizas las echaramos al mar y eso hicimos.,!!
    Un saludo desde Madrid (España) y ánimo a todos.,!!

  • @kathystewart6091
    @kathystewart6091 5 месяцев назад +20

    To bad not another way to pack the urn down other then stepping on it. Just seems disrespectful. Just my thought. Ill wait for the hate. Its ok. Thick skin here. Have a wonderful day😊

    • @cessealbeach
      @cessealbeach 5 месяцев назад +6

      as an observer of cemetery activities, yes largest cemetery in so cal, back hoes, workers , piles of dirt, many many people frequently steps all over other peoples graves, head stones, Every day, its just impossible to avoid, when there is too many people attending grave site burials.

    • @user-ot7qx6hk4u
      @user-ot7qx6hk4u 5 месяцев назад

      There is it called a hand tamper

    • @CemeteryMan75
      @CemeteryMan75 5 месяцев назад

      There’s a tamper you can use gently

    • @kimreed6733
      @kimreed6733 4 месяца назад +1

      It is disrespectful-😢

    • @reneebarnhart1836
      @reneebarnhart1836 3 месяца назад

      ​@cessealbeach I agree. When my grandparents passed, the whole was EXACTLY the size of the liner (which was already in the ground). One was buried at 12 ft the other at 6 ft.
      We had just family at the graveside and even then we were stepping on markers. It was completely unavoidable.

  • @texaslaptop
    @texaslaptop 5 месяцев назад

    Very interesting video... I'll have to remember to bury a metal ring with my Mom's urn..

  • @iloneclezar
    @iloneclezar 5 месяцев назад +2

    A cremação se faz necessária hoje em dia, pela falta de espaço nos cemitérios. É doloroso pensar que uma vida se esvaiu assim, em cinzas que desaparecerão. Mas precisamos nos acostumar com essa ideia. - Cremation is necessary nowadays, due to the lack of space in cemeteries. It's painful to think that a life has gone like this, into ashes that will disappear. But we need to get used to this idea.

  • @janicekeeton2345
    @janicekeeton2345 5 месяцев назад +5

    What did they do? Put the urn in the hole? Or pour the ashes in rhe hole? They didn't show or tell? Someone please tell me

    • @cplcabs
      @cplcabs 5 месяцев назад +1

      At the end of the video he said it was an urn. You can tell it is as when they were filling the hole you can see the guy using the shovel to spread dirt around the urn.

    • @ritaaton2912
      @ritaaton2912 5 месяцев назад +1

      Asheswhere is the

    • @ritaaton2912
      @ritaaton2912 5 месяцев назад

      😮😮7😮😮😮😮

  • @markobrien9626
    @markobrien9626 6 месяцев назад +4

    I thought urns needed to be in a vault? I live in Illinois and I believe vaults are required for urn burials. Please respond, Thank you for the informative video.

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  6 месяцев назад +7

      Each cemetery establishes its own rules for cremation burials. Illinois law says "Cremated remains may be disposed of by placing them in a grave, crypt, or niche, by scattering them in a scattering area as defined in this Act, or in any manner whatever on the private property of a consenting owner." Cemeteries are the "consenting owners."
      Cemeteries require vaults for full burials because caskets will collapse after many years and the earth above drop down and need to be filled. The most natural burial of cremation ashes in directly in the earth in no container or spread on the ground.
      If one wants a big urn that may collapse, a vault is a good idea to prevent that from happening.
      Old cemeteries who have burials before vaults often have low spots over the graves that have to be filled to mow.
      Each cemetery in most states determine their own policy for cremation burials.

  • @tammyleath4964
    @tammyleath4964 2 месяца назад

    This was how my dad was buried. He requested to be cremated and buried in a particular cemetery. He has a gravestone as well.

  • @patriciamontagne1470
    @patriciamontagne1470 5 месяцев назад +9

    You can choose a vault upon your creamation. If, husband and wife have chosen of either will go first one spouse can one be cremated first, and the second one can be buried. The cremated person can be placed inside the casket, along side the other spouse. My parents chose that way.
    My mother passed away first, and she was native American. She, chose to be cremated. Two years later my father died he chose burial by casket, and he wanted mom, and our fury mutts to be placed inside the casket with him. On his tomb stone he requested to be written humorously. It's a little bit noisy in here, mom is in here, along with our fury mutts, and they're barking up a storm everytime the mail man comes.
    Pooh bear, Daisy, Jasper, Scooby-Doo, Bob, Roxanne, Charlie, and Eddie.
    Sit mutts sit, now here's a treat treat. 😉 😅

    • @damondsmith9279
      @damondsmith9279 5 месяцев назад

      My father in law passed away 2016 and was cremated. When his wife died in 2022 we placed his ashes in her coffin when she passed in 2022. He died from sepsis. She died from dementia.

  • @francesrea5935
    @francesrea5935 5 месяцев назад +5

    Why don’t they just dig a hole the size of the urn?

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +1

      When we know in advance the size that is what we do. But most of the time nowadays, people take the ashes from the funeral home and buy their own burial container, and sometimes add a vault. The 18x18x18 opening shown in the video was about 1 inch wider than the urn and its vault. One recent burial was in a round urn shaped like a foot ball helmet with the team colors. Some are in small cardboard boxes. We want the urn deep enough so that grass will grow over the top -- at least 8 inches of soil above it.

    • @damondsmith9279
      @damondsmith9279 5 месяцев назад +3

      That's how me and my sister done with our moms ashes. We didn't do all the measuring like they did. We used post hole diggers for her ashes. We went about 18 inches deep and about 9 inches square.

  • @SharonJohnson-zy5th
    @SharonJohnson-zy5th 5 месяцев назад +2

    both of parents were cremated but they have been buried together in their plot,,my sister was to, put her ashes in creek where she wanted some ppl want a pl to visit them

  • @thomasnewton4040
    @thomasnewton4040 5 месяцев назад +3

    They like to knick you up with various services and charges.

  • @dougmorris5625
    @dougmorris5625 5 месяцев назад +5

    Insane. I could do it with a small garden shovel.

  • @user-rm1iq1up6w
    @user-rm1iq1up6w 5 месяцев назад +2

    Nice soil

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад

      That part of the cemetery is virgin soil -- not every farmed or otherwise disturbed. There is about 12 inches of topsoil and then underneath sand.

  • @robertwilcox6760
    @robertwilcox6760 5 месяцев назад +4

    It's not even in line with the other headstones but in the middle where visitors walk the whole thing just seems to be a little hokey to me

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +2

      Burials are not under tombstones. The stones are at either the head or foot of the grave area (4x10 foot grave). The first cremation on a grave is buried 1/3 of the way from the west end of the grave. If a second cremation is done on the same grave it is done 2/3 of the way from the west end (in our cemetery). Tombstones mark the end of the grave and they are in a line north and south. Full burials are with the casket laid east to west, with the person's head on the west. The tradition is in Christian burials and comes from the idea that Jesus will come from the east on the second coming, and the dead rise from the grave facing east. Walking over the buried bodies is a part of how cemeteries are designed.

  • @dianapickett3793
    @dianapickett3793 5 месяцев назад +2

    My nephew passed away from covid he was cremated. His wife has his ashes on a shelf in the living room beside his dog. He was also cremated. My son in. Law passed also from covid my daughter buried him in a cemetery just like that. She will put beside him one day . She placed the whole box. His best friend carried the box he said it was heavy. He was a big man. He was only 54. My nephew was 44.

    • @christophermccarthy6192
      @christophermccarthy6192 5 месяцев назад +1

      I know how heavy ashes are. Held my late lady's ashes in the box they came in. Was ultimately the last time I held her. Been 3½, going 4 years since she's been gone.

    • @dianapickett3793
      @dianapickett3793 5 месяцев назад

      @@christophermccarthy6192 what did she pass from ? You have your memories. No one can take away . Stay strong. And merry Christmas 🎅 🎄. GOD BLESS YOU

    • @christophermccarthy6192
      @christophermccarthy6192 5 месяцев назад

      @@dianapickett3793 Complications of Comgestive Heart Failure

    • @dianapickett3793
      @dianapickett3793 5 месяцев назад

      @@christophermccarthy6192 so sorry. My mom passed from that also. Take care of yourself .she will always be by your side no matter what.

    • @christophermccarthy6192
      @christophermccarthy6192 5 месяцев назад

      @@dianapickett3793 thank you

  • @saabturboguy
    @saabturboguy 5 месяцев назад

    wow in the uk that ahes hole is massive same sort of depth though

  • @amymuuss2473
    @amymuuss2473 Месяц назад

    Get a dirt Tampa that's the best tool .I used that when I worked on a golf course

  • @k_DAN
    @k_DAN 5 месяцев назад +1

    In plots that already have coffins in them, how far above the coffin is the cremated remains placed ?

    • @TheOneAndOnlyRalph
      @TheOneAndOnlyRalph 5 месяцев назад

      In Connecticut a Grave Vault for Coffin must be at least 18" under Ground.

    • @kmwrites7456
      @kmwrites7456 5 месяцев назад

      @@TheOneAndOnlyRalph not being a smartie, is that from the top of urn or box?

    • @user-tn8ud9wj8q
      @user-tn8ud9wj8q 5 месяцев назад

      @@kmwrites7456

    • @francesrea5935
      @francesrea5935 5 месяцев назад +1

      Usually the cremains are buried to the side of the tombstone, but of course it’s up to the person digging where they want to dig, I think it’s creepy to dig on top of the actual grave.

    • @johnheffelfinger3231
      @johnheffelfinger3231 5 месяцев назад

      @@TheOneAndOnlyRalphactually the casket is 6ft

  • @lablackzed
    @lablackzed 5 месяцев назад +3

    I have my urns at home.😱

  • @sher1947
    @sher1947 5 месяцев назад +3

    Our son passed away in May, we visit his grave often and there are footprints on his grave, makes me so angry!!

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +4

      I think that after I am gone, it would seem better to have folks walking by or over me than no one at all coming by. In a cemetery, one must walk over other graves to get to those nearby. When a burial is held, maybe 100 folks gather around a grave to say good bye, and of course they must stand on other graves. I like the idea of someone walking by and noticing my gravestone and wondering about me and my life, and if they stop and stand on me as they wonder, that would be fine. My own idea of a cemetery visit it to walk along a row of gravestones reading the inscriptions and wondering about the life of the person buried there. In a local cemetery, it is like walking though a neighborhood of friends, relatives and neighbors.

    • @puttec5081
      @puttec5081 5 месяцев назад

      sorry about that

  • @dianapickett3793
    @dianapickett3793 5 месяцев назад +2

    Who was the person that passed away ?

  • @kimgee4821
    @kimgee4821 5 месяцев назад +2

    I don’t get this are you the grounds keeper or just a relative. In Australia we can not dig a hole it is done by funeral home. We don’t have the permission.

    • @barbaramesch6205
      @barbaramesch6205 5 месяцев назад +1

      In Deutschland ist auch ein Bestattungsunternehmer und Friedhofsverwaltung dafür zuständig.

    • @karenpowell8251
      @karenpowell8251 4 месяца назад +1

      It depends on the cemetery. If it is a small country cemetery the rules are more lax.

  • @edlattina2638
    @edlattina2638 5 месяцев назад +1

    Assuming that's not in Illinois all they do around here is drill a hole 12 inches by 18inches deep that's all or the family scatters the ashes some where

  • @user-hf2kq7wg2p
    @user-hf2kq7wg2p 5 месяцев назад +2

    Is there no vault with a cremation burial?

    • @jaumesabate1489
      @jaumesabate1489 5 месяцев назад

      No hay traduccions i no entenen res. Gracias.

    • @mikeklimczak9600
      @mikeklimczak9600 5 месяцев назад

      I didn't use a vault for my father's urn. I placed it right into the grave with my hands. It was covered in dirt.

    • @psmith6852
      @psmith6852 5 месяцев назад

      ​@mikeklimczak9600 My cemetery wouldn't let me bury my nephew without the vault!

    • @francesrea5935
      @francesrea5935 5 месяцев назад +1

      No there isnt

    • @cessealbeach
      @cessealbeach 5 месяцев назад

      There is , it would cost one $10K, yes in So Cal plus $ opening and sealing Vault

  • @kellyreeves8392
    @kellyreeves8392 5 месяцев назад +3

    Why not just take the tarp and dump the dirt in the hole

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад

      The tarp with damp earth was far too heavy to do that. An 18x18x18 inch hole has almost 6 cubic feet of damp earth. That weighs about 500 lbs.

  • @user-hw3mt8ep5d
    @user-hw3mt8ep5d 5 месяцев назад +2

    I work in an auto body repair shop, they are putting my ashes in a can of bondo.😅

  • @francesrea5935
    @francesrea5935 5 месяцев назад +6

    Those are not ashes, ashes look like cigar ashes and a person can fit in a gallon ziplock bag. I worked in a cemetery office and saw a cremation in 3 stages.

  • @francesrea5935
    @francesrea5935 5 месяцев назад +4

    That was entirely too much ash for a person

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +1

      The ashes are usually in an urn and often the urn is in another container (a small casket). We have found that an 18x18x18 inch hole is about right for that situation. Of course if the ashes were not in containers the opening could me much smaller. Since we often are not told what the urn or casket size is, the hole we dig is an estimate of the largest size needed. The burial urn and casket here fit well, but another one the same week was 17x16x15 and the hole was just big enough.

  • @shirleyaloysius4829
    @shirleyaloysius4829 3 месяца назад

    Can they bury someone else ashes on top of another person’s grave ?

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  3 месяца назад

      Generally if there are cremations, the family decides if they want two burials on one grave. If so then in the 5x10 foot graves the first cremation is put about 1/3 of the distance from the west boundary and the second 2/3. Some couples have a single urn for both of them. When it is a full burial, then only one person is allowed.

    • @shirleyaloysius4829
      @shirleyaloysius4829 3 месяца назад

      @@RiverRoadRambler oh thank you so much for explaining. God bless you

  • @shirleyaloysius4829
    @shirleyaloysius4829 3 месяца назад

    All this time I thought they are doing with excavation machines.

  • @angel...23
    @angel...23 5 месяцев назад +2

    Listen to him breathe cause he is using a shovel

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад

      When you are 77 and have heart disease like I do, maybe you will get out of breath a little too ;-)

  • @harrydennis4754
    @harrydennis4754 5 месяцев назад +2

    Take my ashes and go to the sea at the ocean. Feel free and swim away. Just like bird fly away and let it go.

  • @amyclark4095
    @amyclark4095 5 месяцев назад +5

    I’m not getting cremated just bury me next to my daddy

  • @rexlex1736
    @rexlex1736 5 месяцев назад +2

    My ashes will be scattered in a cow pasture.

  • @user-vp3yh3cy2v
    @user-vp3yh3cy2v 5 месяцев назад +1

    They. Should charge 2000

  • @bordereau1
    @bordereau1 5 месяцев назад +1

    My ashes will be scattered around the back pasture that isn't used.....

  • @adriandelaat2905
    @adriandelaat2905 5 месяцев назад

    And they charge $600 to dig up and cover in

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад

      The $75 charge at this cemetery includes the paperwork that must be filed, locating the exact site by precise measuring, several visits with the family, contacts with the funeral home, preparations for a grave side burial service, sometimes selling a new grave for the person, and placement of a stone that comes in later, digging the hole, watering the replaced seed and sod several times and if the grave settles, filling it in later years. When the person buys a grave, much of the money is put in a perpetual care fund where the interest earned pays for the mowing and cemetery maintenance. It seems to be a reasonable charge. A grave site costs $350, mostly for the ongoing mowing cost that is paid for in perpetuity by the interest off of that charge.

  • @elenasfait8799
    @elenasfait8799 5 месяцев назад +1

    Tot cu piti me u ai avut de lucru și nu a ți ancheput de copii meii chiriciu cu Viorica mocian rosu alina Dumitru fata mea acasă vivid urgent dementa

  • @martybedigian6936
    @martybedigian6936 5 месяцев назад +2

    I never Sean anyone make a project out of digging a cremation hole. L.O.L. The cemetery workers must be getting paid good, and the cemetery.

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +1

      There is much more than digging the hole. The exact location has to be measured based on the cemetery records. Several visits with the family to find out there wishes, and if they want to dig the hole themselves. A few calls with the funeral home to get their information and their required paperwork. Filing the cemetery paperwork required by law and updating the records. This video was meant to show how just the grave opening and closing is done. That is done either by the family or by a contracted person. Generally there is a graveside service that has to be arranged. There is a great deal more to a burial than what is shown in the video. The cost for this is $75 at our cemetery. The cost of a grave is $350. Part of that goes into the perpetual care fund. The interest on that fund pays for keeping the cemetery mowed, maintained, plantings etc. Cemeteries like ours, are non-profits, run by volunteers and attempt to ease the burial part of death. We charge what is necessary to pay for the ongoing costs and only the grave digger, a contracted person, gets any pay from a burial.
      Also included in the cost is working with the gravestone maker to get it properly located and placed. The burial part of death is, at least at our cemetery, a very minor cost compared to the overall cost. People don't realize how much behind the scenes effort is involved in a cemetery burial. There are many for-profit cemeteries who charge a great deal more!

  • @robertwernsing4566
    @robertwernsing4566 5 месяцев назад +1

    Hell since we need to do more recycling just dump my ashes in kitty litter box!!!!

    • @greywebs1944
      @greywebs1944 4 месяца назад

      Then they'll piss and shit allover you 😺

  • @eutimiochavez415
    @eutimiochavez415 5 месяцев назад +1

    Two old men digging a hole that is funny ?😂😂😂

    • @janemichaud6544
      @janemichaud6544 5 месяцев назад

      Maybe it was some of your kinfolk!

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +1

      At our cemetery, the family is allowed to dig the cremation opening or they can hire it done. I put this video out to give those who dig their own guidance on how to do it themselves in a way that leaves the cemetery sod intact and doesn't make a mess. Otherwise we have had some that do leave us with a mess to re-sod and clean up. It is essentially a DIY video and has been quite useful for our cemetery.

  • @johnwittmeyer1722
    @johnwittmeyer1722 5 месяцев назад +3

    I just love how they’re so disrespectful by stepping on peoples, graves and throwing stuff on the headstones and put stuff on him you don’t disrespect the dead

    • @t.g.remixed
      @t.g.remixed 5 месяцев назад +4

      Whatever 😂

    • @lindacox1905
      @lindacox1905 5 месяцев назад +4

      They are buried so close you cannot help but step on other graves. I have to walk over many graves to get to one I’m visiting.

    • @rogercarroll2551
      @rogercarroll2551 5 месяцев назад +4

      Nonsense superstition crap. It is not disrespectful. Deliberatly spitting on somebody's grave space would be disrespectful.

  • @HillBilly_King1881
    @HillBilly_King1881 5 месяцев назад +4

    Why bury someone that was cremated 98 percent of people that were cremated have there ashes spread somewhere later not buried that’s the point to avoid burial and a tombstone and all that

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  5 месяцев назад +2

      Some people like the idea of having a gravestone and being buried in a cemetery with other members of their family. If the cost bothers you, donate your body to medical research and your family will have your ashes returned and then you can avoid the cost of cremation, burial, stone etc. My own plan is to donate my body to research and have the ashes buried in a cemetery lot with a stone with my name on it. The cost will be the cemetery grave -- $350 at the cemetery in this video, a stone for about $400 and some cemetery costs to dig the hole -- get out of life with cemetery burial and stone for under $1000. If I didn't want the grave and stone it would be all free, and the medical research could help others.

    • @dalegrays8053
      @dalegrays8053 3 месяца назад

      Yeah! Anyway to make money 😢😢😢 No Respect!!!!!

    • @RiverRoadRambler
      @RiverRoadRambler  3 месяца назад +1

      @@dalegrays8053 People have the right to choose their burial type. If they choose a cemetery, a stone etc., then it will cost money as the cemetery has to pay for all the maintenance. The cemetery in this video pays about $2000 - 2500 per year just for the lawn mowing. The cemetery has been in existence since 1857 and many local families have 5 generations of their family in the cemetery. They want to be buried (or their ashes) near the rest of their family. The cemetery here has an all volunteer unpaid board, and contracts for someone to dig the graves, install the stones etc;, witn NO money coming to the cemetery other than the actual grave payment. If a customer wants a grave dug, they pay the digger, just like if you had hired a tree planted in your yard. If they want a stone, they buy it and have the seller install it. Those are all choices made by people with the cemetery just providing the space and the ongoing maintenance of the cemetery.