I am pretty involved in the gem world and I would recommend people to wait another 5-10 years before buying a lab grown diamond. When they first became big, like early 2010s, they were $3400/ct for decent quality (natural diamond of the same quality about $6-7,000) you can get that same 1ct stone for about $1200-1500 today. The prices have come down most steeply in the last 5 years, I think they will become dirt cheap sooner than later, probably
This is an outstanding presentation on CVD diamond. One of the first applications for large CVD diamonds, not mentioned in this video, was the manufacture of windows for aerospace applications, Diamond is transparent to light from infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths, and can be used as a protective, optical window for sensors on the front of missiles or aircraft that is the only suitable material able to withstand impact from rain at high speed.
@@Vatsek Good question: Optical-grade synthetic sapphire is well known for its excellent optical properties from IR to UV wavelengths, particularly UV. There is a strong absorption band from F-centres at 200 nm, but this can be removed with suitable treatment, extending the optical window to 150 nm. Sapphire also has excellent mechanical properties; however, it is still not hard enough to resist rain-impact damage at high velocities. Diamond is the _only_ known material which can do this. Also note that sapphire is a birefringent crystal, which can complicate optical design.
Diamond is used for the window through which plasma heating energy is injected into fusion reactors like ITER. This is because diamond is incredibly transparent over a huge range of frequencies, and the thermal conductivity is required to for cooling. They're also used for windows in other vacuum applications, of course, but pushing tens of megawatts through a 180mm diameter, 2mm thickness diamond window has to be the most amazing one. of course, these diamonds are polycrystalline, but still transparent. There's also a company making 100mm wafers of monocrystalline diamonds using a unique technology where the diamond isn't grown on a seed crystal, but on a Ir/YSZ/Si wafer. AuDiaTech in Germany. Supposedly the largest monocrystalline diamonds in the world.
Whilst not Diamond, the windows on the SR-71 Blackbird were made of 1.25 inch thick clear Quartz slabs, this was to resist the extreme heat and pressure of going mach 3+ Just a history tid bit I thought I'd add.
the problem with these types of processes is the steel being used for the chamber they're made it can erode if you use the wrong kind then while crystals are growing BOOM it finally decides to open a crack and your neighbor gets hit with a chunk of pipe going 80mph
@dwarvenaled from what I recall from some papers on the subject, they would conduct heat better than most heat sink compounds one would use to interface with the component one is trying to remove the heat away from. They're really looking good for CPU and GPU substrate design, figure out the doping and conductors a bit more and diamond chips will be the way things will be going. I did get a chuckle over the "it's robots" for how the diamond grows, because it's not too far off from the truth chemically. Look up carbon hooks for why, the atoms themselves do the assembly at those temperatures and pressures.
No point in mining if no one's buying them De Beers failed to brain wash the newer generation and they killed their own product by making people think that you should only buy new. Makes them worthless as soon as they leave the jewelry store
@@Lazerecho...that, and despite only earning a laughably tiny fraction- because external factors and danger still make it a relatively well paid job locally, if you don't have alternatives.
Your channel is a gem, pun intended. Every time I watch one of your videos, I get a glimpse of what the tech industry is doing or has been doing. You do such a good job at presenting information. When you brought up the heat dissipation application of CVD diamonds and mentioned Synopsis buying Ansys for heat transfer simulations, it kinda blew my mind to see a connection like that. Not a surprising connection, but one I didn’t think about until you mentioned it.
Years ago there was talk of using diamond for semiconductors directly, which was supposed to allow for chips running at 10GHz and very hot temperatures with no ill effect.
I want one of the diamond cubes for my desk. Ideally about twice that size. No interest in them cut, but just a nice cube of diamond would be nice to have.
I've been dreaming of asking a local company that makes industrial monocrystalline diamonds if they have any QC rejected pieces like that for this same reason
7 месяцев назад+1
I had the same thought! Maybe a good market for any "seconds"?
For thinner slices, google "diamond optical window". This process actually uses such windows to transmit the microwaves into the growth chamber. I'm still waiting for one other application, a heat sink interface compound, you know, like heat sink grease or strips that are near the same thermal efficiency as the diamonds for heat sinks. Once the right compound is found and affordable, I suspect we'll start seeing diamond CPU's and GPU's hit the market.
Artificial diamonds have been produced since the 1906... The same technology today is being used to make indestructible diamond encrusted bi-layer graphene superconductors... F-diamane. "Henri Moissan's method involved using a tube furnace to heat a mixture of fluorine and carbon to high temperatures, causing the carbon to sublime and recrystallize as diamond. This process was later refined and improved upon by other scientists, leading to the development of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for diamond synthesis." How long have they been making SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS (1950's according to mainstream sources)? That would seem like a crucial tid bit of Intel to know.
It is VERY hard to get anything transparent, but it would be interesting to see if they can at least get some polycrystalline stuff without graphite all through it.
@@samheasmanwhite from my recollection, it comes down to gas flow being uniform and keeping the plasma uniform, any turbulence and one starts getting defects.
5:00 Derjaguin is pronounced more like "der-ya-gihn" (forgive the non-use of IPA). He was a titan in molecular physics. There is a surface force approximation named after him as well. His only major blunder, as far as I know, is a paper on the existence of so-called "polywater", which is a fun rabbit hole to go down.
Don't get me started on water, it's just weird anyway. Go any distance away from STP, find yet another phase for the stuff. As in there's evidence to support the existence of ice inside the earth's mantle. It'd drive me to drink, but I already beat them to the punch. ;)
@@spvillano Yes, I believe water (ice) has more known crystal phases than any other pure material. Its strange properties are in part a consequence of the cooperative nature of hydrogen bonding. Then we have matters such as proton disorder and the Bernal-Fowler rules in normal hexagonal ice!
The irony is that high quality mined diamonds aren't actually that rare but the diamond houses like DeBeers deliberately restrict the supply. Combine that with the incredible skill needed to polish high quality gemstone and that's why they're still expensive.
Hey dude. I love your channel and it’s absolute science. Respect. Keep being you(making science videos) and I will keep being happy(watching your science videos) as a man can possibly be. Respect
Indeed diamonds have a bright future a head of them. Next to all of the other stories in the comments, Some time ago it was found how to make a P-fet on diamond filament, and recently also the N-fet. thus making it possible to make full IC's in diamond filament.
Didn't hear of the N-FET. Yeah, that paves the way, assuming the defect rate can be lowered enough to make the things affordable. Looks like Moore's Law is back in business!
Again, awesome content! I worked in an institute in Michigan that grows diamonds electronic, electrochemical and sensor applications. It's a super interesting semiconductor material, made from cheap widely available raw material. Power electronics, hardened circuits, magnetic field sensor or neuro electrods. Unfortunately, as of now it is not possible to grow them defect free on large areas. Hopefully they will in the future. Thanks BR
I appreciate this deep dive into lab-grown diamonds! It's fantastic to see more people recognizing their value. At Solitario Diamond, we offer a wide range of beautiful lab-grown diamond pieces for everyone! 💎✨
Loved this video. Brings me back to my grad school days when I used to work on diamond thin films for solvated electron generation. Another interesting thing about diamond probably most people don't know is its conduction band is actually so high in energy that it has above the energy of an electron in vacuum. As a result, if the diamond surface is properly controlled, it can have something called negative electron affinity and act as a great electron emitter assuming you can get an electron into the conduction band. This effect works not just in vacuum, but gases and liquids too and with amazing results.
I can think of a few ways to inject an electron in, but they'd all introduce lattice defects, which would be double plus ungood. :/ What energy level is the outer shell electrons at? Maybe resonate them a bit in the presence of an electron donor?
Diamond has also popped up for the quantum computing community. As mentioned there can be nitrogen defects introduced. Nitrogen vacancy defects in the diamond have come out as a means for qubit generation
As a material sciencentist seeing a video from you being released is always a good day :) Especially because I am working at pacvd and pvd Now it is required for me to watch this video to the end! 😅
@@Charles-Darwin Well, I personally don't use AI at work, but a colleague does use it to analyze effects for Raman spectroscopy and is quite happy with it. What I am doing is more about creating new kinds of coatings that are electrically conductive, which is quite interesting.
A few days ago I saw an article about making diamonds at ordinary pressure and reduced temperature in liquid metal. They are still experimenting though.
I used to sell diamonds for Zales and the natural diamonds were more popular than the manufactured ones. I sold quite a few, but I'd say the ratio is easily 3 or 4 to one. The reason is that the occlusions in each natural diamond are different and it's a selling point to the client to have their own, unique, diamond they can tell from others with a jeweler's loupe. Yes, laser inscription is the standard and every manufactured diamond is laser inscribed. But most clients see the natural diamonds as more valuable since they took the Earth milliions of years to make.
Very few people have such concerns outside of niche markets frequented by the heirs to vast fortunes or the occasional irresponsible clout seeking middle class future divorcees.
Nowadays, manufactured diamonds are indeed cheaper monetarily than mined diamonds. And many people do seem to want the natural diamonds due to the perceived romanticism of it. But that said, other than Canadian diamonds, mined diamonds are not very traceable and are implicated in human rights violations. Not very romantic IMO.
@@benjamindover4337 In some cases yes, in some cases no. It depends on the situation. If you're a more experienced and older seller, you have a clientele built up over years that will come in and buy anything that they fancy. I'm of course speaking from experience I had over a decade ago. The diamond industry was a lot different even then. That shows you how little time it takes for technology to catch up. I was there for only 9 and 1/2 to 10 months but in that time I sold a few nice pieces to be sure. The one carat diamond was our main focus. The only issue I see is that you cheapen the experience and the symbolism is lost if you make diamonds, particularly those for engagements, so cheap. It's something you should have to strive for and it's something that she should have to appreciate. Or else you get another scene like in the movie Baron Munchausen, where she just tosses the diamonds into a growing pile
@@benjamindover4337yeah yeah _you_ don’t see value in it so it must be only a handful of people on the earth who have some esoteric interest. Meanwhile I’ll trust the word of the actual salesman who made a living working for a large corporation who actually made money marketing these.
Cutting Tools/Drills and Anti-Scratch Coatings/Screen Protectors are another application. It may be better done with DLC or PCD, but i am imagining a nonstick pan coating using this technology too.
I used to run a CVD machine that created diamonds. These were for making UV photodiodes that were for measurment of energy/average power of KrF excimer lasers. The wafers were made of P type SiC then a layer of blue P type diamond then a layer of yellow N type diamond. The finished crystals were only 3x3x0.2mm. The defect rate was very high as well.😂
Im more interested in getting some of the off cuts, or flawed cubes to some electrical testing with. I wish though that i had the appropriate skills to use onenofbthose deposition machines. Might be nice to work with a micron to micron layers or wafers.
How are the diamond wafer pre cursors made? Is it possible to buy the unprocessed diamond cubes? They would make an interesting industrial curiosity without the distraction of being formed into jewelry.
I think I fall firmly into the middle or upper middle class American market; I wouldn't consider myself "rich", but we have some money in the bank and a vacation property is within the realm of possibilities in the next few years... But when my wife and I got married several years ago, she had zero interest in a diamond at all. She didn't see the value in it, and the reputation of the diamond industry was a complete turn off. The diamond industry might complain that lab grown diamonds are killing their business, but I would suggest their business was already dying, and lab-grown diamonds might be attracting a consumer that never would have bought their product to begin with.
07:25 2.45 GHz is preferable for use in microwave equipment for reasons beyond magnetron availability. You need to pass tests for radio frequency interference in every country in which you want to sell your equipment. "The frequency of 2.45 GHz is chosen because it falls in one of the bands not reserved for communication purposes." (Physics Stack Exchange) See also Wikipedia's Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Radio Band.
What was the context of the question on Physics SE? Diamond production or why 2.45 GHz is used in general? If some other frequency was found to be orders of magnitude more effective for this purpose somehow, I'm sure you could solve the regulatory issue. Apply for a special license and/or build a giant faraday cage around the equipment. If there's a will (and money to be made) there's usually a way.
@@Gameboygenius the microwaves are just used to generate the plasma. There's no magic microwave frequency for that. Other frequencies might need a little more or less power, but avoiding the regulatory headache of using a protected frequency (there's always microwave leakage) means everbody just uses 2.45 GHz unless they really, really need something different and can really, really shield against any RF leakage.
Would a thin flat diamond work as a good barrier for a heat exchanger? I could see uses in superminiature heat pumps and heat multipliers. Really interesting video. Thanks. Lots to think about. 👍🏻🇬🇧
1:30 It failed because we could not get hot enough? An arc furnace can easily evaporate the graphite. How is that not hot enough? In the phase diagram a second later you can clearly see that the temperature is irrelevant at atmospheric pressure. It will always be graphite.
11:32 If Apple put this stuff in their products, they could make them even thinner and solve overheating issues. Especially on iPhone Pro models. They can charge diamond prices
Diamonds are the Girls best Friend. Dupdupdidu. There are a old sing with this phrase in it. First in my mind when Diamond is involved. Good Video as always! The most are totally over my head and not my Mother language, but your Voice and professional to make it easy to watch! That's are really rare in Space of Since because it's Since! Thanks for your hard work to teach a noob like me so extremely hard complex topics! Thanks 👍😎‼️
There was a cool article by Wired in 2003 called The New Diamond Age that talked about CVD diamonds and the possible future of "diamond semiconducting"
As a jeweler thats a amazing, a lot of tools needs diamonds to cut and polish, but eventually lab diamonds will be just like glass, and the natural ones will probably be mutch more expensive because mining will not be viable anymore, the cool thing is that other gems will get more visibility, personally, clear diamonds are kinda boring.
I think there is already an exclusive application for CVD diamonds in anything that needs to be very wide, like 20mm or more. Can't get the thickness but you can get the width. Very difficult and expensive though, so that market won't carry CVD on it's own without some common technology that needs and can afford wide diamond windows or such.
The fact that people would want to have “natural” diamonds instead of “synthetic”, if optical, mechanical, and other physical properties are essentially equivalent, is just ridiculous
people don't care, look at perls, the diamond mining monopoly is the one complaing, they know they gonna lose, they're trying to shift the people vision that lab grown diamonds are inferiors, that why they complained, when FTC removed that requiriment, now they can't use that to shift public opinion, they are losing
BROOOOOOOOOO no way you are nailing it but I haven't even finished the hard drives yet LOL Damn this is great ! haha I remember buying some stuff on eBay over 20yrs ago from a mine. Made a good amount and two of the sales were to jewellers. Colour changing stones and a ruby ring. Amazed me how cheap they were. Those days are long gone now its just a shidhole with a poor, duct taped together website, total mess. Amazon if it was on fire. And I still have some raw emerald somewhere. Nice.
I flew as a passnger in a High wing glider piloted by the brilliant GE scientist that made first commercial artificial diamond process which apparently is still used today. Great guy although the glider flight was a bit scary since the glider was winched at more then a 45 degree angle up into the air using an old car that had a large drum attached to a very old car engine that pulled us both up into the air !
Less well-known is that one of the pioneering researchers responsible for this was a woman, Judith Milledge (1927-2021). She also worked with Catherine Lonsdale of londsdalite fame, the hexagonal form of diamond.
Crazy you mentioned heat spreaders, that is what the CVD machine was originally used for, literally to wick the heat away from stacked laser bar arrays used in welders and higher power DPSSLs. We eventually did runs of DUV phodiodes with it.❤
Oh how I wish I had the equipment to produce sheets of the rough cubes and a good gem cutter to sell them to. Scale what was shown up to say 24 cubes per sheet, and selling 5 sheets would be life changing. For me at least...
I believe he is referring to the Synopsys agreement to acquire ANSYS here, but I could be mistaken in that. That deal still hasn’t completed due to navigating regulatory hurdles (anti-trust things is what my understanding is). ANSYS has lots more software to offer, but Synopsys probably is primarily interested in just that one piece.
If you like commercial microwaves being dissected for development tools you may not be aware how strained silicon divices were tested. Stick a small spacer under one side of a wafer and press down and observe the device speed and Vt’s
@@fredfred2363 it is surprising how much you can test with such simplicity. Obviously straining silicon for production took orders of magnitude more engineering, but while bringing up electroplating I was using back grind tape to ensure there wasn’t oxidation between layers. Only to find out there was a nist test with a specific model of scotch tape and adhesion pressure to do the same test. The end result was we could use my test to guarantee passing the nist tast and get zero voids after reflow instead of an ‘acceptable’ level. I’m not a degreed engineer I just apparently have an abundance of common sense apparently. I worked with a team of phd’s but was the simple solution person. You need a couple million dollars for an advanced cvd tool, I can do it with a hot plate and a blast off a liquid n2 supply. Tested with a home depot sprayer. Every manager in the building had gold foil hanging on their office wall in the shape of a wafer because I could delaminate it on demand. I also made the anniversary wafers with a uv cure tool instead of a stepper or aligner and in any color desired instead of just purple poly on silicon.
In most cases, a diamond engagement ring or other diamond jewelry will have a resale value of between 20 and 60% of the amount it cost when it was new.
Artificial diamonds have been produced since the 1906... The same technology today is being used to make indestructible diamond encrusted bi-layer graphene superconductors... F-diamane. "Henri Moissan's method involved using a tube furnace to heat a mixture of fluorine and carbon to high temperatures, causing the carbon to sublime and recrystallize as diamond. This process was later refined and improved upon by other scientists, leading to the development of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for diamond synthesis." How long have they been making SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS (1950's according to mainstream sources)? That would seem like a crucial tid bit of Intel to know.
@Asianometry - At 12:37 the word "mooted" is used in a sense opposite to accepted meaning. Example: A 'moot point' is a point that has become irrelevant. Such errors detract from your credibility. Also, the high-power laser diodes used in undersea fiberoptic cables are NOT transmitting data; rather, those diode lasers are used to "pump" the Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, the EDFAs, with intense light of a wavelength closely matched to the optimum pumping wavelength of the EDFA material. That improves the power requirements and overall efficiency.
![BLACK BAG - Official Trailer [HD] - Only in Theaters March 14](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Du0Xp8WX_7I/mqdefault.jpg)
Arguably cooler to have a manufactured diamond, anyone can just find one, manufacturing one is way more of an achievement
I am pretty involved in the gem world and I would recommend people to wait another 5-10 years before buying a lab grown diamond. When they first became big, like early 2010s, they were $3400/ct for decent quality (natural diamond of the same quality about $6-7,000) you can get that same 1ct stone for about $1200-1500 today. The prices have come down most steeply in the last 5 years, I think they will become dirt cheap sooner than later, probably
Yeah hexagon in fake 3D things
Have a look at TEDx fourth phase of water.. just the same as graphite in structural terms. We were so blind.
Inarguably perhaps 🙃
@@goldnutter412 diamond mining companies will argue and I welcome them to, I will employ very childish arguments and waste their time 🤣
I think that a really awesome gift would be a DIY CVD diamond. The process feels like it's right on the edge of where DIY is possible.
This is an outstanding presentation on CVD diamond. One of the first applications for large CVD diamonds, not mentioned in this video, was the manufacture of windows for aerospace applications, Diamond is transparent to light from infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths, and can be used as a protective, optical window for sensors on the front of missiles or aircraft that is the only suitable material able to withstand impact from rain at high speed.
Sapphire is not good enough?
@@Vatsek lolz talk to Apple bout that one hahahaha
What is still not discussed here -- because it is out of context -- is how the cartel fights back or tries to survive.
@@Vatsek Good question: Optical-grade synthetic sapphire is well known for its excellent optical properties from IR to UV wavelengths, particularly UV. There is a strong absorption band from F-centres at 200 nm, but this can be removed with suitable treatment, extending the optical window to 150 nm. Sapphire also has excellent mechanical properties; however, it is still not hard enough to resist rain-impact damage at high velocities. Diamond is the _only_ known material which can do this. Also note that sapphire is a birefringent crystal, which can complicate optical design.
@@JohnnieWalkerGreen I agree, you are off-topic.
Diamond is used for the window through which plasma heating energy is injected into fusion reactors like ITER. This is because diamond is incredibly transparent over a huge range of frequencies, and the thermal conductivity is required to for cooling. They're also used for windows in other vacuum applications, of course, but pushing tens of megawatts through a 180mm diameter, 2mm thickness diamond window has to be the most amazing one.
of course, these diamonds are polycrystalline, but still transparent.
There's also a company making 100mm wafers of monocrystalline diamonds using a unique technology where the diamond isn't grown on a seed crystal, but on a Ir/YSZ/Si wafer. AuDiaTech in Germany. Supposedly the largest monocrystalline diamonds in the world.
Those AuDiaTech diamond wafers are just what I need to defrost my hamburgers on the kitchen counter!
How well would diamond heat sinks work
Whilst not Diamond, the windows on the SR-71 Blackbird were made of 1.25 inch thick clear Quartz slabs, this was to resist the extreme heat and pressure of going mach 3+
Just a history tid bit I thought I'd add.
the problem with these types of processes is the steel being used for the chamber they're made it can erode if you use the wrong kind then while crystals are growing BOOM it finally decides to open a crack and your neighbor gets hit with a chunk of pipe going 80mph
@dwarvenaled from what I recall from some papers on the subject, they would conduct heat better than most heat sink compounds one would use to interface with the component one is trying to remove the heat away from.
They're really looking good for CPU and GPU substrate design, figure out the doping and conductors a bit more and diamond chips will be the way things will be going.
I did get a chuckle over the "it's robots" for how the diamond grows, because it's not too far off from the truth chemically. Look up carbon hooks for why, the atoms themselves do the assembly at those temperatures and pressures.
Given the exploitation happening in the mining industry, there should be a mature push for 'cultured' diamonds, highlighting exactly that point.
But jobs? 😂 If I know miners they'll fight to keep mining.
Let them go back to collecting bannanas and tribal stuff or w/e@@Lazerecho
No point in mining if no one's buying them
De Beers failed to brain wash the newer generation and they killed their own product by making people think that you should only buy new. Makes them worthless as soon as they leave the jewelry store
@@Lazerecho...that, and despite only earning a laughably tiny fraction- because external factors and danger still make it a relatively well paid job locally, if you don't have alternatives.
I'm more worried about the exploitation of grooms in the wedding industry.
Fun fact: the high hydrogen to carbon ratio in the gas mix is for etching away the non diamond allotropes
Your channel is a gem, pun intended. Every time I watch one of your videos, I get a glimpse of what the tech industry is doing or has been doing. You do such a good job at presenting information. When you brought up the heat dissipation application of CVD diamonds and mentioned Synopsis buying Ansys for heat transfer simulations, it kinda blew my mind to see a connection like that. Not a surprising connection, but one I didn’t think about until you mentioned it.
I'm just learning about CVD diamonds and ordered a 1.10 carat stone for a mount I purchased. Very interesting video.
1:28 LOL sense of humor just like your videos, refined like a sir
Took me a few seconds to realize that. Such a dry humor..
Happen to all of us 😂😂😂
i'm calling a linus tech tips video in the next 2 years showcasing a diamond heatsink
Indeed only q matter of time!
Years ago there was talk of using diamond for semiconductors directly, which was supposed to allow for chips running at 10GHz and very hot temperatures with no ill effect.
I want one of the diamond cubes for my desk. Ideally about twice that size.
No interest in them cut, but just a nice cube of diamond would be nice to have.
I've been dreaming of asking a local company that makes industrial monocrystalline diamonds if they have any QC rejected pieces like that for this same reason
I had the same thought! Maybe a good market for any "seconds"?
For thinner slices, google "diamond optical window". This process actually uses such windows to transmit the microwaves into the growth chamber.
I'm still waiting for one other application, a heat sink interface compound, you know, like heat sink grease or strips that are near the same thermal efficiency as the diamonds for heat sinks. Once the right compound is found and affordable, I suspect we'll start seeing diamond CPU's and GPU's hit the market.
Thanks!
When we met in Taipei you asked what my company would do if we were approached to make diamond thin films, now I know what was on your mind!
Artificial diamonds have been produced since the 1906...
The same technology today is being used to make indestructible diamond encrusted bi-layer graphene superconductors... F-diamane.
"Henri Moissan's method involved using a tube furnace to heat a mixture of fluorine and carbon to high temperatures, causing the carbon to sublime and recrystallize as diamond. This process was later refined and improved upon by other scientists, leading to the development of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for diamond synthesis."
How long have they been making SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS (1950's according to mainstream sources)?
That would seem like a crucial tid bit of Intel to know.
@@neveralonewithchrist6016 the magic trick with thin films is uniform thickness. That was absent until fairly recently.
Now all you need to figure out is how to use a tig welder to superheat your tungsten
I NEED the channels that have these type of vacuum chambers and magnetrons and such to try and do CVD Diamonds!
It is VERY hard to get anything transparent, but it would be interesting to see if they can at least get some polycrystalline stuff without graphite all through it.
@@samheasmanwhite from my recollection, it comes down to gas flow being uniform and keeping the plasma uniform, any turbulence and one starts getting defects.
It sounded like you momentarily dropped into a deep American Southern drawl when you said the word "violet" and I just about got whiplash
Awesome video. The variety of topics you cover is almost as good as the humor !
5:00
Derjaguin is pronounced more like "der-ya-gihn" (forgive the non-use of IPA). He was a titan in molecular physics. There is a surface force approximation named after him as well. His only major blunder, as far as I know, is a paper on the existence of so-called "polywater", which is a fun rabbit hole to go down.
IPA fails in RUclips comments; the comment is rejected and vanishes. 😞
Don't get me started on water, it's just weird anyway. Go any distance away from STP, find yet another phase for the stuff. As in there's evidence to support the existence of ice inside the earth's mantle.
It'd drive me to drink, but I already beat them to the punch. ;)
@@spvillano Yes, I believe water (ice) has more known crystal phases than any other pure material. Its strange properties are in part a consequence of the cooperative nature of hydrogen bonding. Then we have matters such as proton disorder and the Bernal-Fowler rules in normal hexagonal ice!
once again, a totally fantastic video.
The irony is that high quality mined diamonds aren't actually that rare but the diamond houses like DeBeers deliberately restrict the supply. Combine that with the incredible skill needed to polish high quality gemstone and that's why they're still expensive.
The same skill to cut and polish a lab grown is needed, and they're not expensive, so... no.
@@larrydunn4626 he said high quality , not highly priced
Hey dude. I love your channel and it’s absolute science.
Respect. Keep being you(making science videos) and I will keep being happy(watching your science videos) as a man can possibly be.
Respect
CVD can be used for diamond coating also. It can be made on top of plastics, metals, etc. Makes also really low friction and low wear.
Indeed diamonds have a bright future a head of them. Next to all of the other stories in the comments, Some time ago it was found how to make a P-fet on diamond filament, and recently also the N-fet. thus making it possible to make full IC's in diamond filament.
Didn't hear of the N-FET. Yeah, that paves the way, assuming the defect rate can be lowered enough to make the things affordable.
Looks like Moore's Law is back in business!
Again, awesome content!
I worked in an institute in Michigan that grows diamonds electronic, electrochemical and sensor applications.
It's a super interesting semiconductor material, made from cheap widely available raw material. Power electronics, hardened circuits, magnetic field sensor or neuro electrods. Unfortunately, as of now it is not possible to grow them defect free on large areas. Hopefully they will in the future.
Thanks BR
Shine on you crazy diamond.
Single entendre.
I appreciate this deep dive into lab-grown diamonds! It's fantastic to see more people recognizing their value. At Solitario Diamond, we offer a wide range of beautiful lab-grown diamond pieces for everyone! 💎✨
Loved this video. Brings me back to my grad school days when I used to work on diamond thin films for solvated electron generation. Another interesting thing about diamond probably most people don't know is its conduction band is actually so high in energy that it has above the energy of an electron in vacuum. As a result, if the diamond surface is properly controlled, it can have something called negative electron affinity and act as a great electron emitter assuming you can get an electron into the conduction band. This effect works not just in vacuum, but gases and liquids too and with amazing results.
I can think of a few ways to inject an electron in, but they'd all introduce lattice defects, which would be double plus ungood. :/
What energy level is the outer shell electrons at? Maybe resonate them a bit in the presence of an electron donor?
That was amazing. Never thought it would be so interesting. Great job!
Diamond has also popped up for the quantum computing community. As mentioned there can be nitrogen defects introduced. Nitrogen vacancy defects in the diamond have come out as a means for qubit generation
As a material sciencentist seeing a video from you being released is always a good day :)
Especially because I am working at pacvd and pvd
Now it is required for me to watch this video to the end! 😅
any new directions with ai models you are willing to share?
You are a tech priest.
@@Charles-Darwin Well, I personally don't use AI at work, but a colleague does use it to analyze effects for Raman spectroscopy and is quite happy with it.
What I am doing is more about creating new kinds of coatings that are electrically conductive, which is quite interesting.
AHAHAH THIS IS THE LAST VIDEO I EXPECTED TO SEE A MGS MEME! "YOU'RE PRETTY GOOOOOD:)"
A few days ago I saw an article about making diamonds at ordinary pressure and reduced temperature in liquid metal. They are still experimenting though.
I used to sell diamonds for Zales and the natural diamonds were more popular than the manufactured ones. I sold quite a few, but I'd say the ratio is easily 3 or 4 to one.
The reason is that the occlusions in each natural diamond are different and it's a selling point to the client to have their own, unique, diamond they can tell from others with a jeweler's loupe.
Yes, laser inscription is the standard and every manufactured diamond is laser inscribed. But most clients see the natural diamonds as more valuable since they took the Earth milliions of years to make.
Very few people have such concerns outside of niche markets frequented by the heirs to vast fortunes or the occasional irresponsible clout seeking middle class future divorcees.
Nowadays, manufactured diamonds are indeed cheaper monetarily than mined diamonds. And many people do seem to want the natural diamonds due to the perceived romanticism of it. But that said, other than Canadian diamonds, mined diamonds are not very traceable and are implicated in human rights violations. Not very romantic IMO.
@@benjamindover4337 In some cases yes, in some cases no. It depends on the situation. If you're a more experienced and older seller, you have a clientele built up over years that will come in and buy anything that they fancy.
I'm of course speaking from experience I had over a decade ago. The diamond industry was a lot different even then. That shows you how little time it takes for technology to catch up.
I was there for only 9 and 1/2 to 10 months but in that time I sold a few nice pieces to be sure. The one carat diamond was our main focus.
The only issue I see is that you cheapen the experience and the symbolism is lost if you make diamonds, particularly those for engagements, so cheap. It's something you should have to strive for and it's something that she should have to appreciate.
Or else you get another scene like in the movie Baron Munchausen, where she just tosses the diamonds into a growing pile
@@benjamindover4337yeah yeah _you_ don’t see value in it so it must be only a handful of people on the earth who have some esoteric interest. Meanwhile I’ll trust the word of the actual salesman who made a living working for a large corporation who actually made money marketing these.
@@gravityissues5210 Access denied. Do not pass go. Go directly to jail. 🤷🤷🤷
CVD Diamonds are used in machining to machine extremely hard materials such as tungsten carbide.
What is the largest synthetic diamond that can be grown with plasma CVD? Is it limited by the substrate size?
Cutting Tools/Drills and Anti-Scratch Coatings/Screen Protectors are another application.
It may be better done with DLC or PCD, but i am imagining a nonstick pan coating using this technology too.
I used to run a CVD machine that created diamonds. These were for making UV photodiodes that were for measurment of energy/average power of KrF excimer lasers. The wafers were made of P type SiC then a layer of blue P type diamond then a layer of yellow N type diamond. The finished crystals were only 3x3x0.2mm. The defect rate was very high as well.😂
Your beautiful, techy thumbnail image dragged me right in!
Nice summary. I used to design MOCVD machines & this is pretty similar tech that I've had a vague interest in understanding!
Im more interested in getting some of the off cuts, or flawed cubes to some electrical testing with.
I wish though that i had the appropriate skills to use onenofbthose deposition machines. Might be nice to work with a micron to micron layers or wafers.
What an incredibly interesting video! Thank you!
Hitting close to home with this one, great vid.
I think I'm mesmerized by the way you pronounce "violet" at 0:28 like Thumper in Bambi.
Like Al Jolson.
wahlet
@@KingLich451 It just hit me! It's the same way Thumper says "violet" in Bambi
Nice work Jon!
😃
How are the diamond wafer pre cursors made?
Is it possible to buy the unprocessed diamond cubes? They would make an interesting industrial curiosity without the distraction of being formed into jewelry.
thank you and thank you Ropac!
I think I fall firmly into the middle or upper middle class American market; I wouldn't consider myself "rich", but we have some money in the bank and a vacation property is within the realm of possibilities in the next few years... But when my wife and I got married several years ago, she had zero interest in a diamond at all. She didn't see the value in it, and the reputation of the diamond industry was a complete turn off. The diamond industry might complain that lab grown diamonds are killing their business, but I would suggest their business was already dying, and lab-grown diamonds might be attracting a consumer that never would have bought their product to begin with.
Yea I wouldn't get a normal diamond. I'll buy a lab grown diamond.
07:25 2.45 GHz is preferable for use in microwave equipment for reasons beyond magnetron availability. You need to pass tests for radio frequency interference in every country in which you want to sell your equipment. "The frequency of 2.45 GHz is chosen because it falls in one of the bands not reserved for communication purposes." (Physics Stack Exchange) See also Wikipedia's Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Radio Band.
What was the context of the question on Physics SE? Diamond production or why 2.45 GHz is used in general? If some other frequency was found to be orders of magnitude more effective for this purpose somehow, I'm sure you could solve the regulatory issue. Apply for a special license and/or build a giant faraday cage around the equipment. If there's a will (and money to be made) there's usually a way.
@@Gameboygenius the microwaves are just used to generate the plasma. There's no magic microwave frequency for that. Other frequencies might need a little more or less power, but avoiding the regulatory headache of using a protected frequency (there's always microwave leakage) means everbody just uses 2.45 GHz unless they really, really need something different and can really, really shield against any RF leakage.
Couldn’t get hot enough… happens to all of us… 😅🤪
Great video Jon! I love all the stuff you make. Your content always scratches my intellectual itch ❤
Would a thin flat diamond work as a good barrier for a heat exchanger? I could see uses in superminiature heat pumps and heat multipliers.
Really interesting video. Thanks. Lots to think about. 👍🏻🇬🇧
Amazing video great job 👏🏼
12:40 This 3 sentences alone can attract a lot of minds to study material science. Thank you.
1:30 It failed because we could not get hot enough? An arc furnace can easily evaporate the graphite. How is that not hot enough? In the phase diagram a second later you can clearly see that the temperature is irrelevant at atmospheric pressure. It will always be graphite.
Mind blowing :D excellent as always!
Awesome. I am involved in a research project for developing in-situ monitoring of diamond growth inside CVD reactors
Thank you ROPAC! I am sure they deserve the credit; I appreciate it at least.
“Couldn’t get hot enough. Happens to all of us.” My brother
11:32 If Apple put this stuff in their products, they could make them even thinner and solve overheating issues. Especially on iPhone Pro models. They can charge diamond prices
Feels like they already charge diamond level prices …
Diamonds are the Girls best Friend. Dupdupdidu. There are a old sing with this phrase in it. First in my mind when Diamond is involved. Good Video as always! The most are totally over my head and not my Mother language, but your Voice and professional to make it easy to watch! That's are really rare in Space of Since because it's Since! Thanks for your hard work to teach a noob like me so extremely hard complex topics! Thanks 👍😎‼️
Nanomachines son, you have earned my subscription
I prefer the term "Bloodless Diamond" to refer to these as.
Okay, snowflake.
Ahhh, good one
Your preference means nothing to these engineers and scientists. Sheesh.
I prefer you wash your hands.
Based, as one may say
@@benruniko
‘Based’?
Who would say?
You? The one who dropped out of school?
One would say you are foolish.
There was a cool article by Wired in 2003 called The New Diamond Age that talked about CVD diamonds and the possible future of "diamond semiconducting"
Will definitely buy a cultured diamond if/when it comes time in the future. No interest in lining DeBeers pockets.
As a jeweler thats a amazing, a lot of tools needs diamonds to cut and polish, but eventually lab diamonds will be just like glass, and the natural ones will probably be mutch more expensive because mining will not be viable anymore, the cool thing is that other gems will get more visibility, personally, clear diamonds are kinda boring.
Diamondium vs Diamondillium indeed
Thank you very much for this video. Extremely informative.
Can these diamonds be used for heat sink in spacecrafts? Would it be better than existing heat sinks?
You didn't say as much but I'm assuming that during formation, MPCVD machines turn the diamonds slowly, and then go 'ping!' when they're finished.
I think there is already an exclusive application for CVD diamonds in anything that needs to be very wide, like 20mm or more. Can't get the thickness but you can get the width.
Very difficult and expensive though, so that market won't carry CVD on it's own without some common technology that needs and can afford wide diamond windows or such.
Nice to see a Williamson pyrometer up close
Given the tetravalence of both carbon and silicium could it be possible to make carbon based circuit with the deposition technology ?
I believe there is research that is seeking to do just that.
Just to clarify my doubt , the substrate maintained at high temperature is the same diamond seed thing that entered the reactor.Right?
I love this progress.
Great video, could you do a more in depth video on how CVD is used in the semiconductor industry exclusively?
He already did... Sort of. Did you see the one on atomic layer deposition?
how are the diamond seeds made?
a sufficiently tall diamond square but cut diagonally?
The fact that people would want to have “natural” diamonds instead of “synthetic”, if optical, mechanical, and other physical properties are essentially equivalent, is just ridiculous
people don't care, look at perls, the diamond mining monopoly is the one complaing, they know they gonna lose, they're trying to shift the people vision that lab grown diamonds are inferiors, that why they complained, when FTC removed that requiriment, now they can't use that to shift public opinion, they are losing
The fact that ppl want a piece of glass on a hoop is beyond me
@@bot7845 It's because SHINY!
Some people identify as magpies.
The fact you think everyone should think like you is just ridiculous.
@@gravityissues5210 I do not think that everyone should think like me. I just think you are ridiculous
BROOOOOOOOOO no way you are nailing it but I haven't even finished the hard drives yet LOL
Damn this is great ! haha I remember buying some stuff on eBay over 20yrs ago from a mine. Made a good amount and two of the sales were to jewellers. Colour changing stones and a ruby ring. Amazed me how cheap they were. Those days are long gone now its just a shidhole with a poor, duct taped together website, total mess. Amazon if it was on fire.
And I still have some raw emerald somewhere. Nice.
Every video I watched by you increases my nerd level by 100x
cpu water block using a diamond plate would be interesting for water cooling even in a server farm setting
A great innovation making diamonds affordable and avoiding environmental issues of deep mining
Thank you for the documentary and the TRUE value hidden in my BBQ charcoal>>> now I have to buy a simmering rice Cooker and I am into big Money.
I flew as a passnger in a High wing glider piloted by the brilliant GE scientist that made first commercial artificial diamond process which apparently is still used today. Great guy although the glider flight was a bit scary since the glider was winched at more then a 45 degree angle up into the air using an old car that had a large drum attached to a very old car engine that pulled us both up into the air !
Less well-known is that one of the pioneering researchers responsible for this was a woman, Judith Milledge (1927-2021). She also worked with Catherine Lonsdale of londsdalite fame, the hexagonal form of diamond.
A link to the sponsor's business offering would be nice - great content!
Crazy you mentioned heat spreaders, that is what the CVD machine was originally used for, literally to wick the heat away from stacked laser bar arrays used in welders and higher power DPSSLs. We eventually did runs of DUV phodiodes with it.❤
Well, the microwave plasma was used in physics labs for decades too. Hell, the fusor uses that tech to initially ionize deuterium.
Oh how I wish I had the equipment to produce sheets of the rough cubes and a good gem cutter to sell them to. Scale what was shown up to say 24 cubes per sheet, and selling 5 sheets would be life changing. For me at least...
Did you saw 32 billion for the simulation software? That seems high to me.
The whole company, not just one piece of software.
I believe he is referring to the Synopsys agreement to acquire ANSYS here, but I could be mistaken in that. That deal still hasn’t completed due to navigating regulatory hurdles (anti-trust things is what my understanding is).
ANSYS has lots more software to offer, but Synopsys probably is primarily interested in just that one piece.
@@stevebabiak6997 ANSYS is the deal. Pretty decent sum for a technical software company.
More videos on this, if not possible can you tell me where can I educate myself on this topic, For free ofcourse.
If you like commercial microwaves being dissected for development tools you may not be aware how strained silicon divices were tested.
Stick a small spacer under one side of a wafer and press down and observe the device speed and Vt’s
I enjoy watching the results of that experiment...
@@fredfred2363 it is surprising how much you can test with such simplicity. Obviously straining silicon for production took orders of magnitude more engineering, but while bringing up electroplating I was using back grind tape to ensure there wasn’t oxidation between layers. Only to find out there was a nist test with a specific model of scotch tape and adhesion pressure to do the same test. The end result was we could use my test to guarantee passing the nist tast and get zero voids after reflow instead of an ‘acceptable’ level.
I’m not a degreed engineer I just apparently have an abundance of common sense apparently. I worked with a team of phd’s but was the simple solution person. You need a couple million dollars for an advanced cvd tool, I can do it with a hot plate and a blast off a liquid n2 supply. Tested with a home depot sprayer. Every manager in the building had gold foil hanging on their office wall in the shape of a wafer because I could delaminate it on demand. I also made the anniversary wafers with a uv cure tool instead of a stepper or aligner and in any color desired instead of just purple poly on silicon.
9:36 This is very similar to that time when aluminum pass from the "precious" metal category to "common".
In most cases, a diamond engagement ring or other diamond jewelry will have a resale value of between 20 and 60% of the amount it cost when it was new.
Can you make a video on Atomic Clocks?
Artificial diamonds have been produced since the 1906...
The same technology today is being used to make indestructible diamond encrusted bi-layer graphene superconductors... F-diamane.
"Henri Moissan's method involved using a tube furnace to heat a mixture of fluorine and carbon to high temperatures, causing the carbon to sublime and recrystallize as diamond. This process was later refined and improved upon by other scientists, leading to the development of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for diamond synthesis."
How long have they been making SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS (1950's according to mainstream sources)?
That would seem like a crucial tid bit of Intel to know.
Diamond spacecraft. At least heat shield?
Diamond is an excellent heat conductor. You want the heat shield to block heat, so the exact opposite.
I want a phone screen made out of diamond! No more scratches I bet :D
You just explained to me the line "rolling down Rodeo with a shotgun"
Have you read the news about TSMC going solo on the chip generation without purchasing the latest ASML EUV machines?
@@HayesHaugen We may see serious competition on chip innovation next year.
@Asianometry - At 12:37 the word "mooted" is used in a sense opposite to accepted meaning. Example: A 'moot point' is a point that has become irrelevant. Such errors detract from your credibility.
Also, the high-power laser diodes used in undersea fiberoptic cables are NOT transmitting data; rather, those diode lasers are used to "pump" the Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, the EDFAs, with intense light of a wavelength closely matched to the optimum pumping wavelength of the EDFA material. That improves the power requirements and overall efficiency.
"I did a video about it", of course you did! gonna watch the cultured pearls video you did next
Odd, but I want a Diamond block. Can you buy them?
Nano-machines 😂😂
Anyone know how much one of these mashines costs?