Mammalian diving reflex

The mammalian diving reflex occurs when vertebrates put their face into water. Breathing stops, the heart rate drops and peripheral vasoconstriction occurs to maintain arterial blood pressure and conserve oxygen and energy. This reflex is mediated by branches of the trigeminal nerve from the nose to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the brainstem. Links to the ventral respiratory group, the nucleus ambiguus and the rostral ventrolateral medulla drive parasympathetic and sympathetic output to adjust the cardiovascular system, and stop moving the muscles of respiration.
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