"The volume of your body ... is more than enough." I felt that was the affirmation I've been waiting to hear all these years - only to realize it was about being destroyed in a fictional supernova neutrino blast.
Oh just watch, I'll end up being the empath the Vians whisk away to test if humanity is worth saving or not. ...put your hand in the hand of the sistah from Gallifrey.
@@gunwantiramchandani5431 to be honest, it takes another estimated 5 billion years before it expands. If we haven't been wiped out by then, we would have unlimited resources, possibly expand in the 4th or maybe even the 5th dimension and have unlocked interstellar travel, as well as have a lot of colonies on other planets. By that time, the sun will be relatively unimportant and we either sustain its life mechanically, or we will be able to make it die out without it burning us alive and then replace it with another, mechanically created sun.
It's actually a best case scenario. Literally everything vaporized in a fraction of a second. No pain, no facing death, no fear, and equal. A good, and cool, way to die.
Kyle: ''Not with a bang, but with a weakly interacting wimper'' Me: heh...wimper, because a neutrino is a WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) heh...
The neutrino could be a product of the annihilation of the hypothetical WIMPs (a candidate to dark matter) but these are supposed to be another kind of particles (maybe supersymmetric particles), not neutrinos, as he stated at the start, they're not massive compared to anything with mass, they're thousands of times lighter than electrons (which are 511 keV).
@@bernat_CustardCream massive meaning they have mass. not their size. neutrinos themselves are WIMPS as they are exactly that. particles with mass that weakly interact with matter.
@@FutureMan420Blazer found that game on kongregate. Ended up playing it there, on steam, and mobile. Good game but highly addicting. Learned a lot of numbers.
Here Kyle. You dropped your scrapped script. "Gentlemen, my name is Dr. Kyle." "In a little while, you will notice that the sun is glowing abnormally bright." "If you want it to stop, you are going to have to pay me *1 MILLION DOLLARS* !" "..." "Sorry." "..." " **1 HUNDRED BILLION DOLLARS** !" "Mwuahahahhahhahaha"
@@metanumia *yes but would those running the Apple online store risk getting an unfavorable review from a disgruntled customer of super villain status with plans of world conquest and who knows how many covert orbital weapons platforms and linked to the global positioning network and a grudge over not getting their shipment in a timely manner?...*
@@gamingelementalist6725 Well, this case he had to cheat a little by making the sigma silent like in island, and arbitrarily inserting an [o] sound between n and Φ.
Kinda like every episode of Star trek when they come across an anomoly. "Sir, we know absolutely nothing about this anomoly and sensors can't scan it. I can however, tell you everything about it and exactly how to neutralize it."
Describe in this case would be "put in perspective" as there's nothing close. Even comparing a neutron to a neutrino is likely 30 orders of magnitude difference. A grain of sand compared to the sun would be too large.
@10:25 I haven't seen a more perfect equation since the volume of a pizza with radius 'z' and height 'a': Volume = pi*z*z*a ... also, it's not an equation without an 'equal' sign. :)
@@epic6435 Look at my comment before your complaint about switching languages... could I correct grammar if I didn't understand English? And could I respond to your comment that's in English if I didn't understand it, even if I responded in French? And if I didn't understand English, is that really something to mock and laugh at? Dumbass.
All those weak interactions bombarding me constantly... until I'm in the lowest possible energy state, without any energy left to bond with the ones close to me, the ones I care about. .... oh, wait. We were talking about particle physics, right?
Hey Kyle love the show! Fun fact, a star going supernova 8 light minutes away would be brighter than a nuclear bomb exploding pressed up against your face, assuming you survive either event long enough to register a brightness.
Hey Kyle, fun episode. Also as someone with thin hair really jealous of those luscious golden locks. Speaking of exploding suns. In season four, episode twenty-two "Exodus" of Stargate SG-1 they exploed a star to destroy an enemy armada. In the episode the team dials the stargate to connect to another stargate that is in the process of being devoured by a blackhole. They then send the stargate into the nearby sun. After being pulled in by the star's gravity where the blackhole's gravitational pull draws some of the sun's mass through the stargate. They say it in effect destablizes the balance of nuclear forces pushing outward and the star's mass gravity pulling inward. Because of them removing a portion of the star's mass so quickly the nuclear forces outward push is able to overcome the gravitational pull in since the star has just become lighter thus lessening its gravity. This causes the star to go supernova destroying the star system. Now would this approach of removing a star's mass so quickly really cause a star to destablize and go supernova? Or would it do something else? Also how much of a star's mass would you have to remove for star to do this? Thanks for the great work. So keep on keeping on. P.S Totally not asking as an aspiring super-villian wishing to tickle the mind of another super-villian.
Possibly a small correction, maybe a clarification: When I was a kid I was taught that it was the shock wave that did all the damage, but I was actually reading about supernovae just recently [1] and found much of what is said in this video about the neutrino apocalypse. However, it doesnt appear to be the case that the shock wave wouldnt get us first, its that the shockwave is neutralised in milliseconds through photodisintegration (Essentially cramming energy back in so that it shifts nuclear fusion in to reverse and robs energy from the collapse.) and the tremendous losses in neutrinos. but it doesnt just stop there. A core maybe 60km across remains, and its life hangs in the balance as it continues to accrete material at a rate of one solar mass every few seconds. Thats enough to turn it in to a black hole in moments if it wasnt emitting a 'prodigious luminosity of neutrinos'. If its ouput is sufficient it will radiate 10% of its mass. (Estimated at a staggering 3x10^53 ergs.*) If its lucky to survive it will leave a remnant just 20km or so across, the most fascinating objects in the universe. A neutron star. (Come at me black hole enthusiasts.) So similar description of events, but I think even more dramatic as the core is in an incomprehensibly momentous tug of war between the tremendous mass and energy falling down upon it and the brain breaking numbers of neutrinos fleeing away. *Kyles figure is actually a couple of orders of magnitude below that. The paper goes in to the details and provides sources for why the observed kinetic energy release is different to the total energy release, but its related to knock on reactions, 'complicated fluid mechanics' and overcoming 'ram pressure' of accreting material. [1] www.nature.com/articles/nphys172
People: "Something can't be MORE the speed of light, only exact or less!" Me: ... "more or less" doesn't literally mean "more or less", it's a turn of phrase meaning approximately. As in some degree of the speed light close enough to the speed of light to not bother with the numbers.
No. That's linguistic abuse. Choose your words carefully. If you say "more or less" that means "somewhere around there, plus or minus, give or take a few m/s, I don't know." If you say "close to" that means "almost there but not quite, not exceeding but nearly equal, pretty much the price is right" These two phrases are not the same.
@@nin469 Neutrinos can posibly travel faster than light. www.scientificamerican.com/article/particles-found-to-travel/#:~:text=An%20Italian%20experiment%20has%20unveiled,can%20travel%20faster%20than%20light.
From one villain to another her are ( 9:07 ) some better operation name: Jupi Nuki, J Bomb, Anti Jupiter, Jup Nuk, Killamonplanet. Your welcome. BTW Thank you for sending me Elon's Space car. It was banged up but it made my day.
Hey Kyle, thanks for another awesome episode! Something you didn’t cover that I was curious about - how far away from the sun would you have to be to be safe from the neutrino blast? Thanks for all the hard work on the show :-)
I believe Kurzgezagt did a video on supernovae wiping out life within a certain radius, and if I remember correctly, any supernova closer than 300 light years away starts to get dangerous for life.
The thing with Neutrinos is, they are so tiny that you would need a supernova to produce enough to kill you. Try something easier. Invisible lasers, for example.
I'm really glad you got that correct. I'm not usually pedantic about things but one that bugs the crap out of me is when people say "the meaning of life is 42, lolhitchhikerslolol". The *answer* to life the universe and everything is 42, as you said, but the *meaning* of life is that everything was a mistake, which learn from the combination of the Ultimate Question - "What is six times nine?" and the Answer, which is 42. /end pedantic rant
Don't worry, it'll be painless. So much energy that by the time a neuron reacts, it's already vapor, no pain. (unless you are on the nighttime side of Earth, in which case it may take a slight bit longer, but the pain will be over quickly.)
Very interesting dive Kyle, loved it! Your villainous plots aside, this sterilization that happens fairly often seems to make stuff like the Fermi equation, the likelihood of life, that much smaller a sum. Information like this just makes life on this planet seem so much more precious, unique, unlikely and most importantly, worth fighting to protect. Thanks Kyle and as always, love your show.
I'm not sure how concerned I would be about sterilisation from a nearby star going supernova. (Assuming Kyle did his maths right) at about 1 light year from the supernova you would be exposed to a whopping 0.0000116W of energy . . . at a distance of 4 light years this goes down to 7.24x10^-7. If you wish to expose every star in the milky way to a dose of supernova radiation every 1000 years on average, then a typical dose rather less than 10^-12 W. You aren't going to wipe out much with that. More interesting is THROWING IRON AT STARS TO MAKE THEM BLOW UP. Although I really shouldn't give Kyle anymore supervillain ideas, he has enough already.
This is fascinating and terrifying! I had no idea that such an insane amount of neutrinos were passing through me at all times (I new there were neutrinos, but not that many), or that a supernova would affect them. But, why does their collision area change? Awesome video! Keep 'em coming!
“If I do say so myself, which I do” I’ve literally said this before and no one thought it was funny. I’m glad that my joke (it’s mine because I thought of it before anyone else ever) finally got the attention it deserves
My mom: wait ten seconds before opening the microwave when it's done! Me: There's like, actual invisible things to be worried about, mom. Mom: like what? Me: ...ever heard of an Italian particle called... THE NEUTRINO???
Hi Kyle , great episode! it would be interesting if a super advance civilization would have a weapon to induce the super nova effect on any star, that would be the ultimate weapon against anything, plus a supervillian like you know who would find it useful.... maybe.
I really like the editing of pop quizeses. I would never be able to solve them, but it does get the community a little emote involved with the content. Good job BcSi! 👍
Thanks Kyle. Your colorful math gives better visual context, to what I think most people know about supernovae, but seems so distant, with so few in recent memory from even neighboring galaxies. A few notes of interest. One is that the neutrino detectors, based on the math you specified, are really useful at knowing when a supernova has occurred somewhere, in some faraway galaxy, like the 1987 supernovae. It was clearly preceded by an extraordinary number of interacting neutrinos. Two, is perhaps expanding into another episode how this plays out with Betelgeuse...everyone's favorite red star from antiquity. I'd like to hear your thoughts on an about 600 LY away star, that has an equal chance perhaps of having already exploded, to doing so in 100,000 years. Other than a light show, how should this affect mankind? (Including perhaps reference to the star that exploded that caused the Crab Nebula) Three, is a personal theory on neutrinos, and why they're so abundant. Imagine all these ghost neutrinos, having existed wherever and whenever there's been an ultra-rate supernova, but ghosting the rest of the mostly empty universe, perhaps forever, unless it hits a lightyear long block of iron. So neutrinos can be travelling for billions of years, without hitting anything! (or degrading apparently) So of course, they're everywhere! That's kind of fascinating.
That's a tricky question, don't forget Red Giants are actually COOLER than before, so the star's habitable zone would be much closer. So adusted for the new size... maybe Jupiter?
@@moukidelmar yeah, there may not even be a "habitable" zone, as youd need to be closer to the new edges of the sun in order to get the same amount of heat energy, but then youd probably be too close to retain a proper atmosphere.
There are actually questions about whether the Earth could survive the expansion. There is disagreement in the scientific community about whether the expansion would consume the Earth or push the Earth out farther. The brightness will increase first though and that will kill us in about a billion years. Most estimates say the sun will expand to around the orbit of Mars and the habitable zone will be the kuiper belt. The sun will then slowly burn out til it becomes a white dwarf and the habitable zone will change again.
I just gotta say. I used to watch Because Science on a Public channel. Awesome. Had no Idea there was a youtube for some reason. Forgot how much I missed these Keep it up.
Hey Kyle love the show, now that that’s out of the way could we get an episode where you talk about and or debunk the void. Like why it be so big and if the sun went supernova would you even be affected. And how many people can be in the void. Thanks kyle!
Hey Kyle, Love the show. (Or do I?) So I showed this video to my 2 astronomy professors and asked them what they thought about it. A couple things came up that I'd like to ask directly to you: 1) What exactly about the neutrinos give them the higher energy you mentioned? Because my professors noted that neutrinos are already relativistic particles and they aren't sure where that 25x extra energy would be coming from if not from the kinetic energy (which would be difficult to increase given that they're usually already traveling almost the speed of light). 2) What about the neutrinos larger impact size that you mentioned makes them bigger? I understand that at high energies, the wave uncertainty of particles can increase. (Like how quantum tunneling allows for protons to fuse in our sun's core even though classical mechanics doesn't allow that until it reaches ludicrous temperatures.) But as I already mentioned that neutrinos are already relativistic, how do they gain even more energy? Or is there a different mechanism that I have missed or don't understand properly? Thanks P.S. I do love the show
"What would happen to humanity if the sun went supernova?" Answer: Nothing. Technically speaking (the best kind of speaking) We would never have existed in this scenario, because the sun would have to be at least 10 times as massive, rendering Earth uninhabitable. Oh, by the way, here's the requisite "Love the show!" Seriously, I do. I quote you all the time.
Hi Kyle, first time commenting your videos. A while ago you made a video about the chances of having life exist somewhere else on the universe, and then diminished that chance by the odds of it achieving technology advanced enough to find us. Seeing this video made me wonder, even if life existed somewhere else, what are the odds that it has already been consumed by a supernova near them?
Kyle, I recommend reading John Ringo's into the looking glass series, his physicist and co-writer was Travis Taylor and they discuss neutrinos and neutrino capture a lot plus it's a fun read, the book and series also delves into quarks muons and other exotic particles... Make sure you do your San Check!
Would the neutrino wave be energetic enough to let's say evaporate all the oceans away? Like would the whole surface really be scorched? Would Saturns rings get thanos snapped into oblivion? Would Europa be a literal ball of liquid water and gas? Would Jupiter care? Would Voyager 1 get caught in the blast radius and die? Find out next time on Because Science Z
Hey Kyle, would neutrinos interact with neutron stars on a much more frequent basis due to the higher density of neutronium? How would this affect neutron stars?
Considering Neutron stars are crazy dense and are basically giant atom cores... yeah, they should interact with neutrinos a lot more. But they are also quite small, so that much reduced volume would limit interactions somewhat... plus they are already so energetic, it's hard to tell.
Shay 88 You have to also consider the pure density of a nuetron star it self. Though nutrinos are very small in mass, the highly compacted matter of the star wouldn’t probably even let the neutrinos even interact with the matter under the star’s first layer.
@@DragcoDavid thank you Ryuu! I'm gonna try to do the novae equation he made with most of the same information to see what kind of power would be put into the a neutron star at the same radius as earth to the sun but only with normal (non novae ) output. I wanna see what kind of juice a neutron star would absorb in a hypothetical binary system
Before watching this, I though what would have killed you was the heat of a supernova. This is actually really scary (but also fascinating) to think about because theoretically the entire world could end at any moment due to a supernova. But at least there is a chance that whatever does eventually kill the world wont cause much suffering
HEYYYYYYYYY KYLE! I REALLY LOVE THE SHOW❤️ Quick Question tho: Would our planet nay our entire Solar System be able to rebound from this event? And would any bacteria form our planet be able to survive in space and hopefully birth a new Earth somewhere else in Space?
No. If theoretically our star went Supernova the planets not destroyed by the event would get launched into space because the star's gravity is no longer holding them in orbit. The key to our solar system is Sol.
@@blank6604 the chances would be astronomical, but if the bacteria could somehow survive a ride through space, most likely frozen in a peice of ice (unlikely, but possible) and then somehow get caught into the gravity of some Earth like "Goldy-locks zone" planet. (Very unlikely but possible) and then be able to survive the descent onto the planet without burning up, requiring it to be frozen in a very large rock of ice. (Even more unlikely, but possible.) And then beable to adapt to the specific landing environment of this new planet ((see above parenthesis)) than sure, an earthling bacteria could spawn life onto another planet. Many theories exist about that being how life started here but the primordial universe was also a much different place with elements of all kinds flying around, clumping and crashing together. So the chances were much more likely back then.
@@moukidelmar Not necessarily, depending on the original mass of the star. Remember that stars that go supernova frequently collapse into neutron stars or black holes due to their remaining mass. This may be enough to keep the outer planets gravitationally bound to it.
@@blank6604 right, again very specific conditions need to be met at astronomical chances. It'd also have to avoid crashing with any number of other space debris along the way too. But hey, strange shit happens all the time.
@@becausescience Awwww. Whats up man. You havin a bad day. Sall good. Just compare it to our sun going supernova and being erased by neutrino's. I'm sure it doesn't seem quite so bad after that. And yeah. Love your show too. Thanks for the infotainment champ.
Hello Kyle As someone who's fascinated with astronomy, I really like this episode. Thanks giving perspective of what a bunch of Neutrinos can do to our planet. I know you tried to keep it simple, but I'd like to add more. A low-mass star like our Sun can only fuse elements up to Carbon. For a star to go supernova, it must have more than 8 solar masses so then it can have the temperature to fuse elements up to Iron. Another thing is that the core collapse happens so fast that the outer layers wouldn't be able to reach the core before it goes kaboom.
It still works. Technically, light isn't always travelling in a vacuum, so "the speed of light" will vary from place to place or frame of reference to frame of reference. I think there may also be some debate about whether the fundamental constants (ie, the speed of light) are actually changing, but I dunno how legit those might be.
@@matthewlofton8465 is this a serious comment ? From my limited knowledge I was under the impression that everyone agrees the universal constant is... constant. And speed of light in vacuum doesn't depend on frame of reference because of time dilation and other mind blowing reasons I can't easily assimilate. Here's a quote from the man himself, Einstein, about relativity : _"If I pursue a beam of light with the velocity c (velocity of light in a vacuum), I should observe such a beam of light as a spatially oscillatory electromagnetic field at rest. However, there seems to be no such thing, whether on the basis of experience or according to Maxwell's equations. From the very beginning it appeared to me intuitively clear that, judged from the standpoint of such an observer, everything would have to happen according to the same laws as for an observer who, relative to the earth, was at rest. For how, otherwise, should the first observer know, i.e., be able to determine, that he is in a state of fast uniform motion? One sees that in this paradox the germ of the special relativity theory is already contained. Today everyone knows, of course, that all attempts to clarify this paradox satisfactorily were condemned to failure as long as the axiom of the absolute character of time, viz., of a simultaneous, unrecognizedly was anchored in the unconscious. Clearly to recognize this axiom and its arbitrary character really implies already the solution to the problem.''_ And the same desy . de webpage goes on to say : _In 1905 he realised how it could be that light always goes at the same speed no matter how fast you go. Events that are simultaneous in one reference frame will happen at different times in another that has a velocity relative to the first. Space and time cannot be taken as absolute. On this basis Einstein constructed the theory of special relativity, which has since been well confirmed by experiment._ _Questions of relative velocity in relativity can be answered using the velocity subtraction formula v = (w − u)/(1 − wu/c2) (see relativity FAQ: velocity addition). If you are driving at a speed u relative to me and you measure the speed of light in the same direction (w = c in my frame), the formula gives v the speed of light in your reference frame as, v = (c − u)/(1 − u/c)._ *_For any speed u less than c this gives v = c so the speed of light is the same for you. But if u = c the formula degenerates to zero divided by zero; a meaningless answer._*
@@YounesLayachi it's a serious comment, sort of. I went back and checked on Google and 1)it's really old stuff and 2)it's extremely controversial. I misremembered the specifics, but it popped into my head again because of the media headlines about it. There are two theories that propose that Einstein was either wrong about c or at least not entirely correct. The first one, Variable Light Speed, was noted in a paper published in 2016 and the big buzz around that was less about the theory but more about the potential for testing (I believe several new detectors and telescopes were coming online or soon would come online at the time). It suggests that universal temperature is fundamentally tied to c, such that over time c naturally slows down as the universe cools off. It's one of those theories that everyone thinks is probably wrong, but if it turns out to be true then we just wasted something like 150 years' worth of trying to understand how the universe works. Another theory, which I get the impression is even less supported than VLS, is quantum vacuum fluctuation. This theory says essentially that c has always been c and cannot change, but that everything we've observed regarding the speed of light has not been c...it's light that's been slowed down by a constant barrage of virtual particles popping in and out of existence as light travels towards us (in other words, the vacuum isn't actually a vacuum). In other words, while we may have a relative understanding of how light works our gauge for measuring it could be broken/incorrectly calibrated. I definitely find it interesting that we're able to slow the speed of light all the way down to just 15mph, though. Sodium, is there anything you can't do?!
@@matthewlofton8465 woah, I never thought about the potential effects of vacuum fluctuations on the observed speed of light VLS also sounds intuitively interesting, I'll have to look it up. Thanks for the insights!
great vid kyle thanks for another amazingly horrific nightmare in my head forever quick follow up this whole episode reminded me of an old sci fi show i use to watch called Andromada in it there were ultimate death weapons called nova bombs that where bombs that could be shot into a sun to cause it to go super nova what kind of insane matter to energy interaction would a bomb like that have to do to create such an effect ?
"When the Sun explodes in our thought experiment, all these neutrinos are going to race across space, traveling at ~*MORE*~ or less than the speed of light" - Kyle Hill, accidentally. by the way, love the show.
Kyle, I like the idea of pop quizzes, but please make some like the one in this video and some pre-college students can do. Love the show keep it up. :)
Why is this recommend to me when I'm drunk? Why am I watching this while I'm drunk? Why am I trying to understand any of this while I'm drunk? These are the real questions of life.
"The volume of your body ... is more than enough." I felt that was the affirmation I've been waiting to hear all these years - only to realize it was about being destroyed in a fictional supernova neutrino blast.
Not sure if Kyle is calling us fat o.0
@@mithrildragonlh Given the obesity rates in the countries where most of his viewers are from, statistically speaking he's not wrong.
@Juan Arroyo González Perhaps if we started with less Hydrogen, we could live longer, if less brightly.
All people are equal... when being vaporized by neutrinos.
Maybe the people in north America could jump up and down all at once to shift the earth.
"What if our star did go supernova? What would happen to us?
We'd all die. Because Science." ~outro plays~
We all dieing anyways
@@MatthewWatches oh you beat me to it
Oh just watch, I'll end up being the empath the Vians whisk away to test if humanity is worth saving or not.
...put your hand in the hand of the sistah from Gallifrey.
That's the emo answer.
But optimistically/hopelessly we would think how to survive.
This video is just the previous step to finding a way.
@@gunwantiramchandani5431 to be honest, it takes another estimated 5 billion years before it expands. If we haven't been wiped out by then, we would have unlimited resources, possibly expand in the 4th or maybe even the 5th dimension and have unlocked interstellar travel, as well as have a lot of colonies on other planets. By that time, the sun will be relatively unimportant and we either sustain its life mechanically, or we will be able to make it die out without it burning us alive and then replace it with another, mechanically created sun.
Super nova: “My neutrinos will blot out the sun!”
Earth: “Then we die in the shade”
Ross Co awesome reference
I hoping you'll get 300 likes.
I love it
“Neutrino Flux” - a great DJ name.
420th like
It's actually a best case scenario. Literally everything vaporized in a fraction of a second. No pain, no facing death, no fear, and equal. A good, and cool, way to die.
I'll take a blaze of glory thank you very much.
Agreed
@@ltsgobrando
I sincerely doubt you'll get it.
@@Richard_Nickerson It wouldnt be a very cool way to die, if you know what i mean.
Agreed probably the best way to go
"The sun is a deadly laser."
we can make a religion out of this
A deadly omnidirectional laser
You watched "the history of entire world i guess" didn't you???
Edit : not anymore, there's a blanket
@@OTNAYITPES Not after a supernova.
@@thesageofgames1871 watch "The history of the entire world, i guess" to understand the reference
Kyle: ''Not with a bang, but with a weakly interacting wimper''
Me: heh...wimper, because a neutrino is a WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) heh...
Neeeerd!😄😄👍
I had that exact same thought xD
Great observation, that's hilarious and creative! :)
The neutrino could be a product of the annihilation of the hypothetical WIMPs (a candidate to dark matter) but these are supposed to be another kind of particles (maybe supersymmetric particles), not neutrinos, as he stated at the start, they're not massive compared to anything with mass, they're thousands of times lighter than electrons (which are 511 keV).
@@bernat_CustardCream massive meaning they have mass. not their size. neutrinos themselves are WIMPS as they are exactly that. particles with mass that weakly interact with matter.
"I've never said tredecillion before."
*Laughs in Cookie Clicker*
Laughs in Miners Haven. 😳
*Laughs in Adventure Capitalist* on steam
@@FutureMan420Blazer found that game on kongregate. Ended up playing it there, on steam, and mobile. Good game but highly addicting. Learned a lot of numbers.
@5:30
Kyle: "it's indescribably small!"
Also Kyle: *shows a number to describe it*
Write a book! Call it "the things that keep me up at night".
Oh, no need for a book, just subscribe to Kurzgesagt's channel.
*AND charge 100 BILLION DOLLARS FOR IT!!!!*
I have a feeling that such a book would be way way WAY TOO LONG !
Lmao watch Kurzgesagt yt channel for good dosage of stuff that will keep ye up at night 😂
Nah, call It the mallicularer comucularalities of qynzienties in witch producing z waves of the super nova, that's more accurate my fwend
Carbon Monoxide: I’m the deadliest silent killer.
Neutrinos: Hold my beer
Thanos: hold my throne
Oxygen is actually the deadliest gas.
@@shannelowe183 fluorine :)))
F in the chat
@@shannelowe183 okay?
The "weakly interacting whimper" made my day 😂
Here Kyle. You dropped your scrapped script.
"Gentlemen, my name is Dr. Kyle."
"In a little while, you will notice that the sun is glowing abnormally bright."
"If you want it to stop, you are going to have to pay me
*1 MILLION DOLLARS* !"
"..."
"Sorry."
"..."
" **1 HUNDRED BILLION DOLLARS** !"
"Mwuahahahhahhahaha"
ONE BILLION GAJILLION FIFILLIONshmfmfhfshmillion (pause to inhale) yen
ONE OCTODECILLION DOLLARS
Cringe.. 😛
*you've got ten minutes left to spend it*
@@metanumia *yes but would those running the Apple online store risk getting an unfavorable review from a disgruntled customer of super villain status with plans of world conquest and who knows how many covert orbital weapons platforms and linked to the global positioning network and a grudge over not getting their shipment in a timely manner?...*
I can't believe I heard Kyle say "Dummy thicc." 2020 is WILD.
Will B yes, it is
@@mrksaccount123 Yes, it was
Kyle: ..Something has to be truly DUMMY THICC- *points to butt-shaped Cs*
Heh. Nice.
Science Bro, Kyle: I want something named after me, like the "Hill Equation"
Also Kyle: **Novae Equation**
Unknown RUclipsr nφVσE
Also that V. E. N. O. M. classification blew my mind. He's too good at puns to name something after himself.
True
@@gamingelementalist6725 Well, this case he had to cheat a little by making the sigma silent like in island, and arbitrarily inserting an [o] sound between n and Φ.
Too bad nobody will live to tell the story
How do survive a supernova.
Step 1: Become a god.
Step 2: Yeet yourself away from the star at relativistic speeds.
In other words: run away, run away!
Become a god and use your dummy thick cheeks to clap the sun
@Omar Zioui forget the sun and capture the earth and proceed to provide heat and light through your cosmic flatulence.
ludicrous Speed ENGAGE
Become? I was born a god.
"*more* or less the speed of light"
wait, thats illegal
Didn't say "than" -- kH
@@becausescience gottem
So is our sun going supernova.
@@tylerslagel5485 Only if Kyle's next project works out
@@becausescience Initial calculation/measurement of neutrino speed exceeded the speed of light ! (corrected during a later experiment :D)
"indiscribeably small" proceeds to given an exact description...
The concept of something being indescribable at all is a paradox, as you must assign it the description of indescribable
Kinda like every episode of Star trek when they come across an anomoly. "Sir, we know absolutely nothing about this anomoly and sensors can't scan it. I can however, tell you everything about it and exactly how to neutralize it."
@@enbyrogue3740
Similar to nothing. Nothing can be nothing, because nothing would be something: nothing.
Describe that number non mathematically I'll wait.
Describe in this case would be "put in perspective" as there's nothing close. Even comparing a neutron to a neutrino is likely 30 orders of magnitude difference. A grain of sand compared to the sun would be too large.
What if the Sun EXPLODED?:
"That's it, man. Game over, man. Game over!"
Thierry Ohlmann GET A GRIP! We need you focused!!
*Great!! You've SHOT the INVISIBLE SWORDSMAN!!!!*
One of my favorite unscripted lines.
"What if the sun exploded?"
First question: How did our yellow dwarf become a super-massive...?
This is genuinely terrifying and one of the coolest I've learned in a while
lucky for us the sun would had to be at least 10x its mass to be even able to go supernova.
Good thing our sun is too light
@@nosuchthing8 more like good thing it wouldn't happen for billions of years
69 likes
@@liveisamelody9413 unless a neutron star pulled the sun into a fairly close orbit. But then, we'd have a few other things to worry about.
@10:25 I haven't seen a more perfect equation since the volume of a pizza with radius 'z' and height 'a':
Volume = pi*z*z*a
... also, it's not an equation without an 'equal' sign. :)
Is it then.. a formula?
>with diameter 'z'
z should be the radius or the formula should be Volume = pi*z*z*a/4
Your formula isn’t right smh
@Tobias Eagle and @exentrisitet: Oops, I meant radius. Thanks for the correction!
Never thought I’d hear a genius say the words “Dummy Thicc”.
I want Kyle to describe me as dummy thicc 😢😢😢
I've never even heard of Dummy thicc. Who comes up with these terms? lol smh
"weakly interacting whimper..."
Instant erasure via a multi-thousand watt neutrino radiation death beam amounts to a "weak" interaction?
I mean yeah. Normally the neutrinos do jackshit to us.
Kyle: "*draws neutrino*
Also Kyle: "not to scale"
Lmao
2:44 But bad news can travel faster than the speed of light. Haven't you read A hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy?
Don't panic
Than*
who likes spaghetti? Hold on you just switched languages in like a second-
@@epic6435
C'est la vie
R Nickerson Vous ne connaissez pas l'anglais? lmao 😂
@@epic6435
Look at my comment before your complaint about switching languages... could I correct grammar if I didn't understand English?
And could I respond to your comment that's in English if I didn't understand it, even if I responded in French?
And if I didn't understand English, is that really something to mock and laugh at?
Dumbass.
"neutrinos are passing through you right now and you feel nothing" except constant anxiety.
All those weak interactions bombarding me constantly... until I'm in the lowest possible energy state, without any energy left to bond with the ones close to me, the ones I care about.
.... oh, wait. We were talking about particle physics, right?
@spaghetti yummy well. It was a joke I didn't see it coming ahha good thinking
Hey Kyle love the show! Fun fact, a star going supernova 8 light minutes away would be brighter than a nuclear bomb exploding pressed up against your face, assuming you survive either event long enough to register a brightness.
That sounds like a badass attack in a video game or something, exploding a nuke right in someone's face.
@@ethervagabond "tastes great or less filling?", you decide.
Hey Kyle, fun episode. Also as someone with thin hair really jealous of those luscious golden locks.
Speaking of exploding suns. In season four, episode twenty-two "Exodus" of Stargate SG-1 they exploed a star to destroy an enemy armada. In the episode the team dials the stargate to connect to another stargate that is in the process of being devoured by a blackhole. They then send the stargate into the nearby sun. After being pulled in by the star's gravity where the blackhole's gravitational pull draws some of the sun's mass through the stargate. They say it in effect destablizes the balance of nuclear forces pushing outward and the star's mass gravity pulling inward. Because of them removing a portion of the star's mass so quickly the nuclear forces outward push is able to overcome the gravitational pull in since the star has just become lighter thus lessening its gravity. This causes the star to go supernova destroying the star system.
Now would this approach of removing a star's mass so quickly really cause a star to destablize and go supernova? Or would it do something else? Also how much of a star's mass would you have to remove for star to do this?
Thanks for the great work. So keep on keeping on.
P.S
Totally not asking as an aspiring super-villian wishing to tickle the mind of another super-villian.
Possibly a small correction, maybe a clarification:
When I was a kid I was taught that it was the shock wave that did all the damage, but I was actually reading about supernovae just recently [1] and found much of what is said in this video about the neutrino apocalypse.
However, it doesnt appear to be the case that the shock wave wouldnt get us first, its that the shockwave is neutralised in milliseconds through photodisintegration (Essentially cramming energy back in so that it shifts nuclear fusion in to reverse and robs energy from the collapse.) and the tremendous losses in neutrinos.
but it doesnt just stop there. A core maybe 60km across remains, and its life hangs in the balance as it continues to accrete material at a rate of one solar mass every few seconds.
Thats enough to turn it in to a black hole in moments if it wasnt emitting a 'prodigious luminosity of neutrinos'. If its ouput is sufficient it will radiate 10% of its mass. (Estimated at a staggering 3x10^53 ergs.*)
If its lucky to survive it will leave a remnant just 20km or so across, the most fascinating objects in the universe. A neutron star. (Come at me black hole enthusiasts.)
So similar description of events, but I think even more dramatic as the core is in an incomprehensibly momentous tug of war between the tremendous mass and energy falling down upon it and the brain breaking numbers of neutrinos fleeing away.
*Kyles figure is actually a couple of orders of magnitude below that. The paper goes in to the details and provides sources for why the observed kinetic energy release is different to the total energy release, but its related to knock on reactions, 'complicated fluid mechanics' and overcoming 'ram pressure' of accreting material.
[1] www.nature.com/articles/nphys172
+1 for neutron stars being more interesting than black holes
@@nop0x90 make that +2
The most fascinating object in the universe is the human brain. Fight me
A yes the most complexe object in the universe
dash nice
5:21 Can we just appreciate Kyle’s skill here?
Aidan Rogers those circles are on 🔥
He has nothing on Walter Levin!
People: "Something can't be MORE the speed of light, only exact or less!"
Me: ... "more or less" doesn't literally mean "more or less", it's a turn of phrase meaning approximately. As in some degree of the speed light close enough to the speed of light to not bother with the numbers.
*If less is more...then would the complete absence of something be considered a decadent excess?...asking for a friend*
Well... from a certain point of view...
No. That's linguistic abuse. Choose your words carefully. If you say "more or less" that means "somewhere around there, plus or minus, give or take a few m/s, I don't know." If you say "close to" that means "almost there but not quite, not exceeding but nearly equal, pretty much the price is right" These two phrases are not the same.
@@nin469 Neutrinos can posibly travel faster than light.
www.scientificamerican.com/article/particles-found-to-travel/#:~:text=An%20Italian%20experiment%20has%20unveiled,can%20travel%20faster%20than%20light.
From one villain to another her are ( 9:07 ) some better operation name: Jupi Nuki, J Bomb, Anti Jupiter, Jup Nuk, Killamonplanet.
Your welcome. BTW Thank you for sending me Elon's Space car. It was banged up but it made my day.
THAT'S HILARIOUS!
you're*
The sun: Explodes
Kyle: what happens next will blow your mind...
The sun: Explodes
Kyle: you'll never see it coming~
8:52 - That's 10^44 Joules.
Also, thank you for the information, Kyle. This will be very helpful for story-writing.
"Pop quiz!"
** video pauses **
** ad runs **
XD
Hey Kyle, thanks for another awesome episode! Something you didn’t cover that I was curious about - how far away from the sun would you have to be to be safe from the neutrino blast? Thanks for all the hard work on the show :-)
I took would like to know that maybe I can hop on one of Elon's rockets
I believe Kurzgezagt did a video on supernovae wiping out life within a certain radius, and if I remember correctly, any supernova closer than 300 light years away starts to get dangerous for life.
New Sci-Fi Villain Weapon Idea:
Neutrinos Weapon/Cannon/"Laser": Goal to Wipe Out Everything
So the hero needs to build an Ice shield to block it.
Cant accelerate them. -.-
Well, not accelerate, more like produce them in the same direction. From Wiki: Some particle accelerators have been used to make neutrino beams.
The thing with Neutrinos is, they are so tiny that you would need a supernova to produce enough to kill you.
Try something easier. Invisible lasers, for example.
@@torysaccount5753 His weapon has inside a mini black hole that teleport neutrinos from a supernova into it. Don't ask how, it's Sci-Fi.
6:08 According to "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", the answer to the question is 42.
But numbers doesn't have any meaning at all... without a unit
'How many roads.....' 😁
I'm really glad you got that correct. I'm not usually pedantic about things but one that bugs the crap out of me is when people say "the meaning of life is 42, lolhitchhikerslolol". The *answer* to life the universe and everything is 42, as you said, but the *meaning* of life is that everything was a mistake, which learn from the combination of the Ultimate Question - "What is six times nine?" and the Answer, which is 42.
/end pedantic rant
Thanks 👍 it's one of those bugbears that gets to me as well RIP Mr Adams the world has become a little 'less harmless' since his passing 😢 and also 😆
2:16 if we could detect the changes in the core and the collapse we could have a few hours (minus 8 minutes) of heads up.
Edit: 8:12 okay maybe not
Don't worry, it'll be painless.
So much energy that by the time a neuron reacts, it's already vapor, no pain.
(unless you are on the nighttime side of Earth, in which case it may take
a slight bit longer, but the pain will be over quickly.)
It's not going to happen. Why would we allow that? It won't red giant either.
@@UpperDarbyDetailing "What IF the Sun exploded."
Not "Can the Sun explode."
@@ZMacZ And?
@@UpperDarbyDetailing It's an If-then, not a question of whether or not.
(Ofc, it won't explode, but that was not the question.)
@@ZMacZ yeah... no fucking shit. It's still irrelevant to my comment.
This is honestly my favorite "Because Science" I've ever seen
Same!
Preach, love the astronomy stuff
Very interesting dive Kyle, loved it! Your villainous plots aside, this sterilization that happens fairly often seems to make stuff like the Fermi equation, the likelihood of life, that much smaller a sum. Information like this just makes life on this planet seem so much more precious, unique, unlikely and most importantly, worth fighting to protect. Thanks Kyle and as always, love your show.
I'm not sure how concerned I would be about sterilisation from a nearby star going supernova. (Assuming Kyle did his maths right) at about 1 light year from the supernova you would be exposed to a whopping 0.0000116W of energy . . . at a distance of 4 light years this goes down to 7.24x10^-7. If you wish to expose every star in the milky way to a dose of supernova radiation every 1000 years on average, then a typical dose rather less than 10^-12 W. You aren't going to wipe out much with that.
More interesting is THROWING IRON AT STARS TO MAKE THEM BLOW UP. Although I really shouldn't give Kyle anymore supervillain ideas, he has enough already.
7:07 That place is awesome! I was there when Ice Cube cut the inaugural ribbon!
“Sun went Supernova”
Damn that’s almost like SCP 001 -Daybreak
Yeah but a supernova would be a mercy compared to that
4:20 Aren’t Neutrinos the teenage mutant ninja turtles friends from dimension X?
Yes, they were called the Neutrinos! and much like the real thing, they just sorta passed through the series and didn't really have much of an impact
@@DragcoDavid just perfect
I'll like this for your use of 4:20
If I don't hear the lyric "Girl so thicc she could stop a neutrino" within the next month I'll riot.
Ah, thank you.
I really needed another reason to hate the series.
Me:
Awkward pause during math:
This is fascinating and terrifying! I had no idea that such an insane amount of neutrinos were passing through me at all times (I new there were neutrinos, but not that many), or that a supernova would affect them. But, why does their collision area change?
Awesome video! Keep 'em coming!
“If I do say so myself, which I do”
I’ve literally said this before and no one thought it was funny. I’m glad that my joke (it’s mine because I thought of it before anyone else ever) finally got the attention it deserves
doubt
"How does a star die?"
They star in "A star is born".
People's hatred of remakes does the rest.
Also - Fifth
FRIEND OF THE THREE
New Album on SPOTIFY
My mom: wait ten seconds before opening the microwave when it's done!
Me: There's like, actual invisible things to be worried about, mom.
Mom: like what?
Me: ...ever heard of an Italian particle called... THE NEUTRINO???
Neutrinos are created by reheating lasagna in the microwave, confirmed.
pasta
I think the pope might be behind the creation of an Italian particle death laser. Since he lives in Rome. Might even use laser guided sharks!
It took me a good 2 minutes to stop laughing when he said, “dummy thick.” 😂😂😂
Hi Kyle , great episode!
it would be interesting if a super advance civilization would have a weapon to induce the super nova effect on any star, that would be the ultimate weapon against anything, plus a supervillian like you know who would find it useful.... maybe.
I immediately started laughing after I registered what you said: "Dummy Thicc"
What does that mean? I don't get the reference.
It's just I really only half expect someone like him to say something like that
I like how you say things like "indescribably small", while pointing at the description. Thanks for another great video!!
Loving the pop quizzes dude. Keep em coming
I really like the editing of pop quizeses. I would never be able to solve them, but it does get the community a little emote involved with the content. Good job BcSi! 👍
This is literally like a Thanos snap. We disintegrate into oblivion.
"The Sun EXPLODES"
*Lion's Sin of Pride:* _and who decided that?_
lol
Your neutrinos hit the earth and eradicate all life, who decided that?
After I die My love will forget who I was and who decided th-
Oh, the author did, like he completely forgot my emotional death. Welp...
But he's dead though
Wow Kyle, the amount of work here is really impressive! Great video!
Thanks Kyle. Your colorful math gives better visual context, to what I think most people know about supernovae, but seems so distant, with so few in recent memory from even neighboring galaxies.
A few notes of interest. One is that the neutrino detectors, based on the math you specified, are really useful at knowing when a supernova has occurred somewhere, in some faraway galaxy, like the 1987 supernovae. It was clearly preceded by an extraordinary number of interacting neutrinos.
Two, is perhaps expanding into another episode how this plays out with Betelgeuse...everyone's favorite red star from antiquity. I'd like to hear your thoughts on an about 600 LY away star, that has an equal chance perhaps of having already exploded, to doing so in 100,000 years. Other than a light show, how should this affect mankind? (Including perhaps reference to the star that exploded that caused the Crab Nebula)
Three, is a personal theory on neutrinos, and why they're so abundant. Imagine all these ghost neutrinos, having existed wherever and whenever there's been an ultra-rate supernova, but ghosting the rest of the mostly empty universe, perhaps forever, unless it hits a lightyear long block of iron. So neutrinos can be travelling for billions of years, without hitting anything! (or degrading apparently) So of course, they're everywhere! That's kind of fascinating.
No one - absolutely no one at all:
Kyle: DUMMY THICC
WHY DO YOU DO THIS KYLE???
we still love the show
BUT YOU'RE REALLY TESTING US HERE
FRIEND OF THE THREE
New Album on SPOTIFY
Put on mute and read the CC. They read "thick" for all of them.
Hope this helps.
He does it...Because Science.
0:47 Because Science Dark Souls DLC confirmed?
Awesome video! Absolutely fantastic! Btw I'd love to see you talking about Betelgeuse and the way we can detect its possible supernova.
So emitting extra neutrinos, that's how we'll know when just before Betelgeuse goes supernova?
Hey Thor, love the show.
When the sun expands, where in the solar system would we need to be to be within the new habitable zone?
That's a tricky question, don't forget Red Giants are actually COOLER than before, so the star's habitable zone would be much closer. So adusted for the new size... maybe Jupiter?
@@moukidelmar yeah, there may not even be a "habitable" zone, as youd need to be closer to the new edges of the sun in order to get the same amount of heat energy, but then youd probably be too close to retain a proper atmosphere.
There are actually questions about whether the Earth could survive the expansion. There is disagreement in the scientific community about whether the expansion would consume the Earth or push the Earth out farther. The brightness will increase first though and that will kill us in about a billion years. Most estimates say the sun will expand to around the orbit of Mars and the habitable zone will be the kuiper belt. The sun will then slowly burn out til it becomes a white dwarf and the habitable zone will change again.
@@mph8er so Elon's plan to go mars is useless?
There was a book by Larry Niven where the Earth was moved to orbit Jupiter in order to survive the expansion.
*Sun explode*
npc: How much rad-x and radaway do you want?
Me: YES
"De goggles! Dey do nossing!"
Shin-chan 120 “hey, chin up, I know the night got darker, but it won’t last forever.”
I just gotta say. I used to watch Because Science on a Public channel. Awesome. Had no Idea there was a youtube for some reason. Forgot how much I missed these
Keep it up.
Thanks Thor for graciously bestowing some of your vast quantities of knowledge upon us once again.
9:19 *More* or less the speed of light? You can go MORE? Dear God...
He saying it's in the ball park of light speed.
@@kimowashington8956 it’s a joke
haha 😂
0:47 ...yeah, that's already happening....
I take it you are from California or Australia.
Funny how people think we'll have four billion years when the sun will have killed off everything in the nearest billion.
Great episode! Thank you!!
Hey Kyle love the show, now that that’s out of the way could we get an episode where you talk about and or debunk the void. Like why it be so big and if the sun went supernova would you even be affected. And how many people can be in the void. Thanks kyle!
Ah yes my favorite type of science..............T H I C C Science
Dummy *THICC* Science
9:20 "More or less the speed of light." Hmmm.... we need a new saying for lightspeed.
Hey Kyle,
Love the show. (Or do I?)
So I showed this video to my 2 astronomy professors and asked them what they thought about it.
A couple things came up that I'd like to ask directly to you:
1) What exactly about the neutrinos give them the higher energy you mentioned? Because my professors noted that neutrinos are already relativistic particles and they aren't sure where that 25x extra energy would be coming from if not from the kinetic energy (which would be difficult to increase given that they're usually already traveling almost the speed of light).
2) What about the neutrinos larger impact size that you mentioned makes them bigger? I understand that at high energies, the wave uncertainty of particles can increase. (Like how quantum tunneling allows for protons to fuse in our sun's core even though classical mechanics doesn't allow that until it reaches ludicrous temperatures.) But as I already mentioned that neutrinos are already relativistic, how do they gain even more energy? Or is there a different mechanism that I have missed or don't understand properly?
Thanks
P.S. I do love the show
"did you forget to multiply the sugma"
"The sugma?"
"sugma balls"
8:52
"I haven't even said that word yet!"
"What would happen to humanity if the sun went supernova?"
Answer: Nothing. Technically speaking (the best kind of speaking) We would never have existed in this scenario, because the sun would have to be at least 10 times as massive, rendering Earth uninhabitable.
Oh, by the way, here's the requisite "Love the show!"
Seriously, I do. I quote you all the time.
Short answer : you die
Long answer : it depends
If the earth was in this new huge sun's goldilock zone then we would still be able to live there
Hi Kyle, first time commenting your videos. A while ago you made a video about the chances of having life exist somewhere else on the universe, and then diminished that chance by the odds of it achieving technology advanced enough to find us. Seeing this video made me wonder, even if life existed somewhere else, what are the odds that it has already been consumed by a supernova near them?
Kyle, I recommend reading John Ringo's into the looking glass series, his physicist and co-writer was Travis Taylor and they discuss neutrinos and neutrino capture a lot plus it's a fun read, the book and series also delves into quarks muons and other exotic particles... Make sure you do your San Check!
He said “Dummy thicc” im deaded
Would the neutrino wave be energetic enough to let's say evaporate all the oceans away? Like would the whole surface really be scorched? Would Saturns rings get thanos snapped into oblivion? Would Europa be a literal ball of liquid water and gas? Would Jupiter care? Would Voyager 1 get caught in the blast radius and die?
Find out next time on Because Science Z
Gonna put this in the top 17 list of things I didn't necessarily need to know but found out anyways and now think about more than I really need to.
What an extremely interesting insight! Thank you VERY much!
"traveling at more or less the speed of light" I don't think more is a possibility there my guy
Achually neutrinos provably can and someone smarter then me could explain it
Hey Kyle, would neutrinos interact with neutron stars on a much more frequent basis due to the higher density of neutronium? How would this affect neutron stars?
Considering Neutron stars are crazy dense and are basically giant atom cores... yeah, they should interact with neutrinos a lot more. But they are also quite small, so that much reduced volume would limit interactions somewhat... plus they are already so energetic, it's hard to tell.
Shay 88 You have to also consider the pure density of a nuetron star it self. Though nutrinos are very small in mass, the highly compacted matter of the star wouldn’t probably even let the neutrinos even interact with the matter under the star’s first layer.
@@DragcoDavid thank you Ryuu! I'm gonna try to do the novae equation he made with most of the same information to see what kind of power would be put into the a neutron star at the same radius as earth to the sun but only with normal (non novae ) output. I wanna see what kind of juice a neutron star would absorb in a hypothetical binary system
@@isamohammed1107 thank you Isa!
Thanks, Kyle... this certainly helps with my pervasive existential dread....
Before watching this, I though what would have killed you was the heat of a supernova. This is actually really scary (but also fascinating) to think about because theoretically the entire world could end at any moment due to a supernova. But at least there is a chance that whatever does eventually kill the world wont cause much suffering
HEYYYYYYYYY KYLE! I REALLY LOVE THE SHOW❤️
Quick Question tho: Would our planet nay our entire Solar System be able to rebound from this event? And would any bacteria form our planet be able to survive in space and hopefully birth a new Earth somewhere else in Space?
No. If theoretically our star went Supernova the planets not destroyed by the event would get launched into space because the star's gravity is no longer holding them in orbit. The key to our solar system is Sol.
@@blank6604 wow, how coold you write that wrong
@@blank6604 the chances would be astronomical, but if the bacteria could somehow survive a ride through space, most likely frozen in a peice of ice (unlikely, but possible) and then somehow get caught into the gravity of some Earth like "Goldy-locks zone" planet. (Very unlikely but possible) and then be able to survive the descent onto the planet without burning up, requiring it to be frozen in a very large rock of ice. (Even more unlikely, but possible.) And then beable to adapt to the specific landing environment of this new planet ((see above parenthesis)) than sure, an earthling bacteria could spawn life onto another planet.
Many theories exist about that being how life started here but the primordial universe was also a much different place with elements of all kinds flying around, clumping and crashing together. So the chances were much more likely back then.
@@moukidelmar Not necessarily, depending on the original mass of the star. Remember that stars that go supernova frequently collapse into neutron stars or black holes due to their remaining mass. This may be enough to keep the outer planets gravitationally bound to it.
@@blank6604 right, again very specific conditions need to be met at astronomical chances. It'd also have to avoid crashing with any number of other space debris along the way too. But hey, strange shit happens all the time.
Hey kyle, love the show
That’s it. Have a good day
thanks Austin, needed that today -- kH
@@becausescience Awwww. Whats up man. You havin a bad day. Sall good. Just compare it to our sun going supernova and being erased by neutrino's. I'm sure it doesn't seem quite so bad after that.
And yeah. Love your show too. Thanks for the infotainment champ.
I like how you took a question a kid would ask and seriously explained it.
Hello Kyle
As someone who's fascinated with astronomy, I really like this episode. Thanks giving perspective of what a bunch of Neutrinos can do to our planet.
I know you tried to keep it simple, but I'd like to add more. A low-mass star like our Sun can only fuse elements up to Carbon. For a star to go supernova, it must have more than 8 solar masses so then it can have the temperature to fuse elements up to Iron.
Another thing is that the core collapse happens so fast that the outer layers wouldn't be able to reach the core before it goes kaboom.
9:19 there's ONE situation where "MORE or less" doesn't work... It's the speed of light :p
Tru tho
It still works. Technically, light isn't always travelling in a vacuum, so "the speed of light" will vary from place to place or frame of reference to frame of reference. I think there may also be some debate about whether the fundamental constants (ie, the speed of light) are actually changing, but I dunno how legit those might be.
@@matthewlofton8465 is this a serious comment ?
From my limited knowledge I was under the impression that everyone agrees the universal constant is... constant.
And speed of light in vacuum doesn't depend on frame of reference because of time dilation and other mind blowing reasons I can't easily assimilate.
Here's a quote from the man himself, Einstein, about relativity :
_"If I pursue a beam of light with the velocity c (velocity of light in a vacuum), I should observe such a beam of light as a spatially oscillatory electromagnetic field at rest. However, there seems to be no such thing, whether on the basis of experience or according to Maxwell's equations. From the very beginning it appeared to me intuitively clear that, judged from the standpoint of such an observer, everything would have to happen according to the same laws as for an observer who, relative to the earth, was at rest. For how, otherwise, should the first observer know, i.e., be able to determine, that he is in a state of fast uniform motion? One sees that in this paradox the germ of the special relativity theory is already contained. Today everyone knows, of course, that all attempts to clarify this paradox satisfactorily were condemned to failure as long as the axiom of the absolute character of time, viz., of a simultaneous, unrecognizedly was anchored in the unconscious. Clearly to recognize this axiom and its arbitrary character really implies already the solution to the problem.''_
And the same desy . de webpage goes on to say :
_In 1905 he realised how it could be that light always goes at the same speed no matter how fast you go. Events that are simultaneous in one reference frame will happen at different times in another that has a velocity relative to the first. Space and time cannot be taken as absolute. On this basis Einstein constructed the theory of special relativity, which has since been well confirmed by experiment._
_Questions of relative velocity in relativity can be answered using the velocity subtraction formula v = (w − u)/(1 − wu/c2) (see relativity FAQ: velocity addition). If you are driving at a speed u relative to me and you measure the speed of light in the same direction (w = c in my frame), the formula gives v the speed of light in your reference frame as, v = (c − u)/(1 − u/c)._
*_For any speed u less than c this gives v = c so the speed of light is the same for you. But if u = c the formula degenerates to zero divided by zero; a meaningless answer._*
@@YounesLayachi it's a serious comment, sort of. I went back and checked on Google and 1)it's really old stuff and 2)it's extremely controversial. I misremembered the specifics, but it popped into my head again because of the media headlines about it.
There are two theories that propose that Einstein was either wrong about c or at least not entirely correct. The first one, Variable Light Speed, was noted in a paper published in 2016 and the big buzz around that was less about the theory but more about the potential for testing (I believe several new detectors and telescopes were coming online or soon would come online at the time). It suggests that universal temperature is fundamentally tied to c, such that over time c naturally slows down as the universe cools off. It's one of those theories that everyone thinks is probably wrong, but if it turns out to be true then we just wasted something like 150 years' worth of trying to understand how the universe works.
Another theory, which I get the impression is even less supported than VLS, is quantum vacuum fluctuation. This theory says essentially that c has always been c and cannot change, but that everything we've observed regarding the speed of light has not been c...it's light that's been slowed down by a constant barrage of virtual particles popping in and out of existence as light travels towards us (in other words, the vacuum isn't actually a vacuum). In other words, while we may have a relative understanding of how light works our gauge for measuring it could be broken/incorrectly calibrated.
I definitely find it interesting that we're able to slow the speed of light all the way down to just 15mph, though. Sodium, is there anything you can't do?!
@@matthewlofton8465 woah, I never thought about the potential effects of vacuum fluctuations on the observed speed of light
VLS also sounds intuitively interesting, I'll have to look it up. Thanks for the insights!
Just came to hear kyle say "dummy thicc"
great vid kyle thanks for another amazingly horrific nightmare in my head forever quick follow up this whole episode reminded me of an old sci fi show i use to watch called Andromada in it there were ultimate death weapons called nova bombs that where bombs that could be shot into a sun to cause it to go super nova what kind of insane matter to energy interaction would a bomb like that have to do to create such an effect ?
When I first came across this channel he became the inspiration behind me growing my hair out .... Its been 2 years
“A weakly-interacting WIMPer” - I see what you did there.
IKR-
"When the Sun explodes in our thought experiment, all these neutrinos are going to race across space, traveling at ~*MORE*~ or less than the speed of light" - Kyle Hill, accidentally.
by the way, love the show.
More or less is a common way to say approximately. No one listening would really think he meant they could exceed the speed of light.
@@sidchicken2308 But if you want to be _technical_ about it... XD
Welcome back to everyone's favorite have show, Who's the Bigger Pedant?!
@@CaptIronfoundersson I'm fairly sure that Kyle has said "'Technically Correct' is the best kind of correct."
No, he said it on purpose. Is English not your first language? It's an idiom.
Kyle, I like the idea of pop quizzes, but please make some like the one in this video and some pre-college students can do. Love the show keep it up. :)
Why is this recommend to me when I'm drunk?
Why am I watching this while I'm drunk?
Why am I trying to understand any of this while I'm drunk?
These are the real questions of life.