I've already seen dozens of videos on RUclips about how a Supernova works, but this is another level. A complete and very well illustrated lesson in under 20 minutes. Veritasium never disappoints.
Yeah but what the real scientists are talking about a 12k year cyclical micro nova not a supper nova. You know this fact but seeing how you are a shill for the NWO agenda21 we get this nonsense. TALK ABOUT THE MICRO NOVA CYCLE NASA DISCOVERED IN THE 60’s. Talk about how it is predicted to happen again in 2043. Talk about how climate change can be explained by earths magnetic field weakening while the suns energy is ramping up to maximum. Talk about how we should be preparing for this next biblical coming that we have been warned about in every Bible on the planet.
i’m extremely proud of the way my dad explained supernovae to me when i was about 5. he told me to put my hands out, facing each other, and then he put his hands on mine. he then told me to push outwards, as hard as i can, while he pushed inwards, which made my hands collapse. he said that when a star wasn’t strong enough anymore then gravity won. now that i’m older, i’m really enjoying this more comprehensive explanation
@@dot1298 I haven't been following up on the war much but I am damn sure that they are good off. The US has given practically it's lung to the country; I'm sure the UN is probably helping; and there are so many donations and even some organizations relocating families out of the warzone. This feels pretty petty to comment. How about you donate there? Or how about you donate to homeless women and children? Or how about you donate to cancer treatment? Or Children's hospitals? Or to schools that don't have proper funding? Or to the residents in the Ohio Train Derailment? You get what I'm saying now? Honestly this comment I felt was disrespectful. People can donate to whatever they want; whenever they want; however they want. That's it. If you believe someone should've donated with THEIR money; you can instead with your own money. And before you even question me; no I did not donate anything. Period.
I'm an undergraduate student majoring in Astrophysics and Planetary Geology. Thank you SO much for this video and your sources, one of my professors was looking into an extinction event and I was curious as well. This has given me a starting place on research to piece things together! While I was pondering on possibilities I remembered this video. Veritasium, you are doing an amazing job with your channel. I have sent many of your videos to friends to help explain concepts, they always love your content too!
Whenever I watch an almost 20 minute long Veritasium video, I never lose interest throughout the video and it's consistently gets my attention. The pacing of him talking quickly and pausing to make a transition makes it easier to retain the information. Also his voice is very clear and comprehensible. As always amazing stuff Veritasium, you never fail to get my attention.
Him and Vsauce are my favorite RUclips learning channels. Veritasium seems more "normal" interesting while Vsauce keeps your attention by being "weird" interesting.
The connection between astronomy, historic man, and palaeontology as a whole was absolutely mind opening. It is this reason this channel is one of the best channels on RUclips
This guy has that enthusiasm it’s like he is as amazed as his viewers. Like he’s not teaching or lecturing he is shearing information. I adore everything he does!
okay 👌 what i can i think 💭 would have been a little bit longer but if i can go on a break and i just make a new thing and it is fine too so much more like 👍 but it looks better and it will just keep you in touch and be 😅😅
@@semaj_5022 gamair!!!! 😙🤪 everything looks like it is pretty cool but it is kinda like the green brown green green bell bell brown brown eyes green green brown green green blue green brown green green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan tan orange 🍊 orange 🍊 tan green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan green bell 🔔 orange 🍊 green green brown green bell bell brown brown green green brown brown eyes green green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan tan orange green brown green bell bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan green green brown green bell bell brown brown eyes 👀 tan green bell 🛎 bell 🛎
Last year, I almost joined the Brian fields research group after listening to his presentation on this topic. He talked about how they had to look through sediment samples to find traces of Fe-60. I thought it was so cool that we could learn so much about the history of our cosmic neighbourhood just by observing earth. It's amazing to see this topic explained so well.
It doesn't happen "just by observing earth". It's actually a lot of different scientific disciplines coming together to understand what we're looking at. This is even more impressive than you make it sound.
Jesus Christ is the propitiation for the whole world's sins. They that believeth and are baptized (with the Holy Spirit) shall be saved; but they that believeth not shall be damned. Those led by the Holy Spirit do not abide in wickedness. *God is ONE manifesting himself as THREE;* the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit! Bless him! *For these three are one.* As I am led by the Holy Spirit, nothing I state is a lie, but the truth of God. Anyone who tells you differently is misinformed or a liar. They do not know God, nor led by him. Anyone who *claims* to be a Christian and is against what I am doing, and where I am doing it; the Holy Spirit does not dwell within them, they lack understanding. They know not God, read his word, and their religion is in vain. Do not hear them, they will mislead you, the lost cannot guide the lost.
When you trust in God and cast your cares (worries, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts) upon him, they will be NO MORE! Know that there is power in the name Jesus Christ! His name casts out demons and heals! The world is wicked, evil, and of the devil. I too, was a wicked sinner of the world before I opened my heart to God. I am living proof of God's work and fruitfulness! He is an active God who hears the prayers of his! God's children are set apart (holy) and righteous. The devil is a liar that comes to steal, to kill, and to destroy; that includes your relationship with God! Open your heart to God, repent of your sins (he will forgive you), and let him direct your path. Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands and purify your heart, lest you walk with the devil and follow him to hell.
Small addendum regarding the name Supernova that you mention (1:20): Kepler's teacher and mentor, Tycho Brahe, was the first to publish a book concerning a new star (stella nova), namely SN1572 or "Tycho's Supernova", which appeared 32 years earlier (TWO visible supernovae in a lifetime and NONE since!) Brahe's book was "De nova et nullius aevi memoria prius visa stella", ("Concerning the Star, new and never before seen in the life or memory of anyone").
@@JensRiggelsen Yes, but you only wrote "two visible supernovae in a lifetime and none since", which isn't correct. No mention of them having to be in our galaxy.
I watch an obscene amount of science youtube, and love supernova videos. I learned a ton from this video. You have done something wonderful here Derek.
Jesus Christ is the propitiation for the whole world's sins. They that believeth and are baptized (with the Holy Spirit) shall be saved; but they that believeth not shall be damned. Those led by the Holy Spirit do not abide in wickedness. *God is ONE manifesting himself as THREE;* the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit! Bless him! *For these three are one.* As I am led by the Holy Spirit, nothing I state is a lie, but the truth of God. Anyone who tells you differently is misinformed or a liar. They do not know God, nor led by him. Anyone who *claims* to be a Christian and is against what I am doing, and where I am doing it; the Holy Spirit does not dwell within them, they lack understanding. They know not God, read his word, and their religion is in vain. Do not hear them, they will mislead you, the lost cannot guide the lost.
When you trust in God and cast your cares (worries, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts) upon him, they will be NO MORE! Know that there is power in the name Jesus Christ! His name casts out demons and heals! The world is wicked, evil, and of the devil. I too, was a wicked sinner of the world before I opened my heart to God. I am living proof of God's work and fruitfulness! He is an active God who hears the prayers of his! God's children are set apart (holy) and righteous. The devil is a liar that comes to steal, to kill, and to destroy; that includes your relationship with God! Open your heart to God, repent of your sins (he will forgive you), and let him direct your path. Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands and purify your heart, lest you walk with the devil and follow him to hell.
I always appreciate the value of your productions. The bit where you showed how a star fuses the different elements as time goes on and for how long blew my mind.
It blew my mind, too, although I had first seen this information a few years ago at an open-house presentation of the Astronomy Department at the University of Manitoba. I don't remember all of the time periods though. Does anyone have a reference for each element, all the way to iron? I was disappointed this video didn't give all of the times. I think in the end it was minutes, or seconds!
You absolutely missed his point at the end as probably most of the thumbs up to your reply. If it hadn't been fro a cosmic dice roll a long long time ago WE wouldn't be here!!!!!!!
Clarification: There are stars that go supernova AND form black holes as well. The formation of a black hole doesn't mean that there is no supernova, which is clarified quite late in the video and might lead to quite some misunderstanding in the first place. Still this is another perfect video!
@@rahulbanerjee8867 when the mass of expansion is high enough to force the mass density apart, its explosive expansion stops and all that mass recondenses. If their isnt enough mass to form a black hole, it forms a neutron star instead.
The fact that a supernova thousands of light years away can cause a measurable change in our atmosphere is absolutely mindblowing to me. The fact that a gamma burst 2.5 BILLION light years away caused a noticeable effect is similarly mind-melting. Astronomy stuff really can be incredible. Thanks for putting together a great video on this!
But the GbR got me thinking. Wouldn't it only effect us if one of the two beams is targeted directly at us? Seems like that lowers the chance of a hit even with an explosion within range dramatically to me. I didn't full get from the video if we have to be in the beam or not, but if so, it seems much less impressive to me than the supernova to me. You focus all the energy into two directions, of course it has a much higher range. Its like comparing a rifle to a grenade to me, but I could have understood it wrong.
@@electricpaisy6045 you are right, a GRB is a very narrow stream of particles, like a rifle, as you very cleverly put it. A stray bullet coming at us in this vast space is very unlikely, but GRBs are much more frequent than supernovae and are deadlier from further away.
yeah exactly I thought we could safely watch the big cosmic fireworks from like a few lightyears away xd but this really changed my perspective on how big these "fireworks" actually are!
Wow... amazing. Let's think about some other nonsense, make-up crap... How about Santa Clause? Heard about him? He will blow your mind! He travels at the speed of light!
I love the in increasing eloquence of narration on this channel--and the extravagantly gorgeous graphics, such as at 08:50, or 13:40, which are brain-beguiling!
I've seen countless videos and understood partially, but this is the first time I actually understand how and why of a supernova. The amount of simplicity it went to explain this, my salute to Derek for making space and science fun and simpler.
Given the vastness of spacetime in our universe, it is so amazing to have such a violent type of event that occurs in a short enough time scale comparable to a human lifetime, yet frequent enough that we actually observe a number of them within our short history.
Veritasium is consistently better-written, better-edited, and better-explained than any other RUclips channel I've found yet. I wish more science-oriented channels had standards as high as Veritasium.
I've never seen a video this in depth yet clear about how all this works and how our history is with these things. This is the most interesting and fun video I've seen from you yet
Watch a video called "When Stars outshine Galaxies" by a channel called "But Why?". This video is good, but the gold standard of any supernova video is still But Why?'s video. Goes into even more detail but somehow is still not overwhelming.
I was surprised a few years ago to learn that gold and heavier elements are unlikely to be created in a standard supernova but require a more extreme ultranova or similar event such as star collisions to produce special elements like gold. That just adds to how lucky we are to have such abundance of uranium, gold, etc on our planet.
Derek, this video was simply MONUMENTAL. :) Well done!! Seriously, wow. I've watched your channel for *YEARS*, and I personally believe that this is one of your most profound and awesomely constructed videos yet. I have no idea how you do it. Kudos, and... I certainly wish I could comprehend as much as I've ENJOYED over the years! Almost a decade now, I think, TBH... 🐲✨🐲✨🐲✨
Great work as always. My nieces and nephews are always asking me space questions and ill answer but also show them these cool animations which really gets the point across.
@@Flesh_Wizard good sir, u need to define near, because as mentioned even a star going hypernova 150 MILLION light years away, caused mass extinction on earth
Love your videos man. I'm a regular joe with no notable math or science skills whatsoever but for some reason your explanations makes sense to me. You should get a Nobel prize for educating the masses in all sorts of subjects. Thank you for the various topics over the years and I hope it will be so many more lessons to listen to in the future. Space is damn scary and amazing at the same time!
Great video! I did a degree in physics and astronomy and can say this was a great, easy to understand review of some of our favourite cosmological objects and I really enjoyed you linking some of the supernova events in the past with extinction events on earth :) I didn't know about some of those connections, thanks as always for sharing!
It took me a moment to fully understand just how much of a difference the density changed when going from an iron core with a diameter of 3000km down to a neutron star with a diameter of 30km. At first I thought "hmm, 100x smaller is quite a bit smaller, but doesn't seem like enough for how insanely dense a neutron star is". Then I remembered that volume is affected by a square compared to the diameter. So, even though the core "only" goes from 3000km to 30km, the volume is about 1,000,000x smaller. Thats some DENSE matter. Especially when you consider the fact that iron is already relatively dense, that's absolutely insane.
Most are typically around 10km diameter when fully neutron stars, but imagine how dense and rugged the core of the star was that it can withstand the rest of the star rebounding off itself at 25-30% the speed of light!! Well it doesn't actually, because it all flattens down further becoming a neutron star.
@@nuntana2 Recent simulations show that the rest of the star does NOT rebound off the freshly minted neutron star. It has no time to fall onto it. The NS is formed in well under one second, something like 50-100 milliseconds. This new NS is approximately 100 billion kelvins hot. The luminosity of such a hot object is difficult to imagine, my quick-and-dirty calculated estimate is ~10billion solar luminosities ... from every square meter (!!!). The surface of NS would cool off quickly with such insane power output, but there is sufficient energy transfer from the interior of NS to its surface by neutrinos, which allows it to shine for about 7 seconds before its luminosity starts to drop. This deluge of gamma-rays generates a very powerful shockwave, it impacts on the the rest of the star before this "rest of the star" makes any significant falling movement into the cavity left from the formerly existing iron core.
This is one of the best physics videos I've seen on RUclips. It is amazing how thoroughly you showed that theorized physics concepts have real physical effects on the Earth that we can measure and see. It's wild how neutrinos seem so intangible but yet are so impactful in supernovae and can even alert us to their presence before they become visible!
Veritasium is one of my favourite channels on RUclips. The explanations are lucid and give the intuitive feel to understand complex ideas. Thanks Derek!
I have always admired your ability to elegantly describe the beauty of the universe. Amazing. You are one of the reasons I'm pursuing a degree in physics.
Good luck! It's difficult but rewarding. I did bachelors and masters in physics, and loved it. It's also buys you a TON of options professionally, and can get you some very high paying jobs.
A pretty broad range @Robert Jušić . As a physicist, in college you'll likely work with: 1 - Coding, like python, Labview, Python or Statistica 2 - TONS of math, you pretty much get a bachelors with a very similar skill set to a mathematician 3 - Equipment training, if you work in research 4 - Technical communication skills: From presentations and paper writing so after graduation, if you learn to communicate your skill set, you can be an analysist (in lots of industries), data eng, software eng, professor, researcher, or most types of engineering roles. My background is in applied physics, but I've worked my entire career as a process eng in manufacturing. The big part is learning how to communicate that the skills you have are useful. Communicating how learning advanced mathematics can help in a real world situation
@@tacobanana_forever curently on my 2nd year of mechanichael enginering and constantly anxious that im not gonna find a job that im truly happy or usefull at. How did you menage to comunicate that your skills are usefull?
@@robertjusic9097 I mean, if you go into a job interview, can you articulate how you can use your math and analytical skills to help a business operate? Can you situate how you can help with your knowledge. Also, congrats, everyone gets nervous, but if you are going to mechanical engineering, you should have options!
Thanks for the update about the Gamma Burst Ray observed on 9 October on Earth. I learned most of the astrophysics a long time ago and certainly like the comprehensive video display of it, but the consequences for what the effects were on Earth and on it's life that are discovered since are fascinating. It is amazing how much information you have compressed in a single 20 minute video and still be clear about the many subjects. I also like that you show the scientific abstracts. Exceptionally well done!
The Crab Nebula story was amazing. It's so easy to look up think of the night sky as static, but the entire universe is all moving faster than I can even comprehend.
Exactly. And this shows how bad we are at imagining the scale of the universe. The universe is so large that even objects moving close to the speed of light feels like they are at rest! Just mind boggling!
Yep, it's always moving but it seems static at times because of the massive time scales. It's amazing to think that when we see the Crab Nebula, we see it as it was 1,000's of years ago due to the SOL !
Facinating video as always, Derek. Could you please make a video in the future explaining the creation of heavier elements (r- process, s- process and p- process)? It blows my mind to think of the extreme conditions required to create them. Makes me appreciate them that much more. Thanks for all your hard work.
I would vote for this as well. I am hearing all the time we are made from stars and all the heavy elements were made there before. But when? How about elements not on the fussion "paths"? I see how H, He, Ne, C, Si, Fe... are produced. How about all the other elements? Why there are high amounts of matter made of elements "behind" Fe, if the system needs an extra energy to build them? And why are they all locked in the planets? Are they? And why different planets of the same system have different distribution of the heavy elements (I mean any other than H or He)? It would be nice to learn this topic through a similar video :)
I'm left in awe at the explanation of how some tiny, tiny, weightless, harmless Neutrino... detonates the largest bombs in the known Universe. Just amazing how super-large events can have the smallest origins. Love this. Thank you.
this is one of the best vids you have ever made. Very technical, yet easy to understand by even most of my classmates who never even HEARD of a super-nova. I'll be pushing this one on friends and family.
Exactly this topic was my bachelor thesis in geology. Super fascinating stuff, tons of implicatons in both directions if we were able to detect them. From dynamics of our galaxy to the history of earth and life.
"The blood of life shines red from the death of former stars" (A poem by Bertil Gelland, freely translated to English. It assumes that those novas are the only source of iron, and that iron is what makes hemoglobin red)
Hello, hope you are well. I'm very interested in this poem, but i can't seem to find it complete, could you be kind enough to share it? or share a place where i could read more about Bertil Gelland? There are many results by searching the name and i'm unsure to which one you refer.
@fck peace Lines in space photos is because of the telescope's mirror. The light reflects within the structure of mirror or telescope causing these lines to appear. Well the image on right is edited. So these lines are added artificially.
@@AsinineComment I assume whatever sapient species lived in orbit of the star that went supernova On a related note: Has anyone here played or heard of the game Outer Wilds?
These videos are great! animations, music, and Derek the narrator, all top-notch quality! thanks for this Derek and the team! I think you have the best quality educational videos on earth!
Man! This one solved all my curiosities about supernovae.Straight to the point and I can clearly understand what you want to explain in this content.Thanks mate!
Another awe inspiring, informative and visually stunning video by Derek. It was possibly the greatest thing you have done is drop the graveyard shift at the neutrino detector and come to RUclips! After all, at least on the science topics on youtube, you are a supernova light source here! Many stars have faded away but you kept us in light!
Gentleman, what a masterpiece. I'm surprised I've never seen information about stars like this before, especially considering a watch a whole bunch of astronomy videos. I'm really surprised and amazed. Thanks 💚
Amazing video! One of the best explanations of a Supernova that I was looking for a while now and you happend to make one today! That's why I love this channel. Has an amazing narrative in telling a scientific story and we all love a good story. Unfortunately I was also hoping for a quantum explanation to what happens when a star decides to go the other way and become a black hole. That would have been amazing! Maybe in the near future, I really hooe.
i friggin love being at this time in science where so much is known but so much more is unknown, and we have just enough info to look in the right direction to see amazing things.
I never really understood what actually causes the explosion. No one else who explains supernova talks about neutrinos. They simply say when iron accumulates in the core the star explodes. Thank you for the extremely clear explanation.
I remember reading that XKCD What-if blog about lethal dose of neutrinos that talked about the hydrogen bomb in your eyeball analogy. I laughed my lungs out at the time and am so happy it was mentioned here.
It's crazy that not so much time ago, I used to buy dvds or even blue rays with documentaries about this topics. The fact that nowadays it's free on RUclips it's amazing, and with the same quality (even more maybe) I'm very thankful with this kind of creators, the are the real MVP
Well, this is undoubtedly one of the best explanations about how stars and supernovas work I've ever seen. Science is one of those areas of life in which, just as soon as we think we understand a thing, we find out more about it--or in some cases relearn what we thought we knew. Thank goodness for the guide who takes us along on that journey and is just as fascinated along the way as we are (I'm talking about you, Comrade Derek).
A minor error at 8:21: While some very massive stars can theoretically go straight to being a black hole when they collapse most Black holes are thought to be the result of core collapse supernovae in stars that are too massive for the remnant to be a neutron star. This is when the remnant is so massive that neutron degeneracy pressure (and even quark degeneracy pressure) are overcome. Dr. Derek, you are the modern-day Richard Feynman. Your ability to explain incredibly complex concepts in such a way that a layman is able to understand is extraordinary and I can only dream of sharing the planet with more minds like yours.
@@somejerk1520 Do you have a cell phone with a gps? That works because space, gravity and therefore, black holes are reality, whether you're ignorant to it or not.
@@DougVandegrift GPS has been around since the 40s since it is and always has been tower based. Trans-oceanic flights have no benefit from GPS since there are no towers in the ocean. Remember when that Malaysian flight went missing? Seems odd in a world with 20,000+ so-called satellites keeping an eye on everything.
The Dinosaurs lived on Earth for over 160 million years. Imagine, if they were as smart as us, and could document things, what they could've seen in THEIR night sky.
Awesome video Derek! But I have a few questions: 1. 3:28 When the H runs out the fusion slows, so shouldn't gravity take over and compress the star into a smaller size? How come it grows and gets hotter instead? Is it because He starts fusing into C? 2. 4:45 and 16:06 The Fe core collapses at 1.4xM0, at which point a Supernova explosion happens blowing out the rest of the matter into space, however a 30xM0 star (during the Hypernova explosion) can collapse into a black hole. Does that mean that the Fe core collapses at a greater than 1.4xM0 mass or the rest of the matter around the core is so massive it cannot bounce off and gets absorbed into the core instead? 3. 7:40 Neutrinos can arrive 18h prior to the photons. Neutrinos are generated when the Fe core collapses at 25% c, but at that point the outer layer also starts collapsing at 25% c. So how come there can be 18h difference between the Fe core collapsing and the shock wave happening? Can it take 18h for the outer layer to collapse and bounce off from the pure neutron core?
To add to your questions, I seem to recall (correctly or incorrectly?) that gamma ray bursts need to specifically be pointed directly at Earth for extinction-level damage to occur. However, in the video Derek only mentioned that a GRB within 6,000 LY of Earth would be problematic. So does the burst need to be pointed directly at us for maximum damage (which I assume would be quite a bit more rare in occurrence) or does it just need to happen within 6,000 LY?
I don't have a degree in astrophysics, but I watch a lot of content about it here, so I'll try to answer these questions to the best of my ability. @1. You're correct. Hydrogen runs out -> Fusion of H to He slows -> gravity takes over -> as soon as the core is hot enough to fuse He into C, it releases a lot more energy and pushes the outer layers away. Repeat for heavier elements, which require higher and higher temperatures, until the innermost core produces iron. @2. Educated guess: I think an important detail about hypernovae is that the star needs to be rotating rapidly. At those speeds, the equator of the core is probably also rotating at an appreciable percentage of c, so it doesn't collapse fast enough to become part of the black hole and explodes instead. Ultimately I don't know enough about that to be 100% sure though. @3. 18 hours at 25% c means a radius of 4.5 light-hours, which is about the distance from the Sun to Neptune. I think the largest stars actually get this big right before they go supernova. Obviously the outer layers are very thin at this point, but there are still enough particles for them to be opaque. @Dillinger I think that was in a Kurzgesagt video, and the 6000 lightyear number applies to GRBs pointed directly at Earth. Veritasium probably omitted it for brevity, as it doesn't really make a difference to us (it's a really improbable event either way).
1. Electrons are governed by the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which states that two fermions cannot inhabit the same quantum state (space) in a quantum system. When a stellar core collapses, electrons are forced into much closer proximity with each other, and begin to repel one another as per the PEP. This repulsion increases entropy (heat) in the stellar core, causing expansion and returning the system to equilibrium.
To add to the excellent replies here: 1.) A star's core will generally shrink and become more dense, to the point that a dying star may have a white dwarf at its center. The outer layers however become heated and expand. This creates a star that is larger and brighter, but with more mass in its core than before. This is why the yellow sun will become a RED giant at the end of its life, and will puff up so much that most of it will boil away into space, leaving only the core. 2.) The stellar core doesn't collapse at exactly the mass limit, a bunch of factors from its temperature, rotation, convection and composition can let it get much heavier. There are two outcomes, collapse to a neutron star (and rebound\supernova) or collapse to a black hole, which has no surface and just swallows the star. We've seen stars go out like a snuffed candle, an eerie thing. 3.) Neutrinos are produced in great numbers before the core collapses, as well as during the collapse. They can escape a bit before the supernova. Light will often be held back both because it is produced later and also because at the point of detonation a star will be surrounded by a thick envelope of gas. We often see not just a direct glow, but the glow from matter heated by the supernova shock front. 4.) A gamma ray burst does indeed need to be pointed at Earth to be dangerous. The beam can get quite broad but it's still a matter of chance. As with the beams of pulsars, most will miss us and go undetected.
3:56 Neon temporarily decomposes to oxygen and an alpha particle which fuses woth Neon again to become magnesium. It cannot fuse into an atom that is smaller than it.
What I find really remarkable is that since the formation of our solar system around 4.5 billion years ago nothing much has happened in our part of the galaxy, allowing life to form and continue on earth to this day.
Honestly one of the best Veritasium videos. There have been a lot of other explanations about supernovae but this one goes a lot more beyond "ooooh star collapse but then star go boom, cool light"
Man i LOVE this Style of fusing Learning and Fun together. Gives me the Urge to recommend others who mastered this Style, to random People. I wanna name-drop Oversimplified, Hbomberguy, Some More News, Tier Zoo, Madvocate and so many Others but thats often perceived as random-spam.
Hi Derek, awesome video! I know you've done video on neutrinos and neutrino detectors before, but as a high school student working in the ICARUS Collaboration Group, I think it would be really cool if you made a video on sterile neutrinos and the ICARUS detector, which is a new and better type of neutrino detector.
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
I've already seen dozens of videos on RUclips about how a Supernova works, but this is another level. A complete and very well illustrated lesson in under 20 minutes. Veritasium never disappoints.
@Don't Read My Profile Photo ok
@@lloyds7828 nice joke
Ok don’t read your profile pic. Got it. Thanks for the warning bro.
Yeah but what the real scientists are talking about a 12k year cyclical micro nova not a supper nova. You know this fact but seeing how you are a shill for the NWO agenda21 we get this nonsense.
TALK ABOUT THE MICRO NOVA CYCLE NASA DISCOVERED IN THE 60’s. Talk about how it is predicted to happen again in 2043. Talk about how climate change can be explained by earths magnetic field weakening while the suns energy is ramping up to maximum.
Talk about how we should be preparing for this next biblical coming that we have been warned about in every Bible on the planet.
@@lloyds7828 ah yes, and pigs fly as well :)
i’m extremely proud of the way my dad explained supernovae to me when i was about 5. he told me to put my hands out, facing each other, and then he put his hands on mine. he then told me to push outwards, as hard as i can, while he pushed inwards, which made my hands collapse. he said that when a star wasn’t strong enough anymore then gravity won.
now that i’m older, i’m really enjoying this more comprehensive explanation
that is really cool
You had an uncommonly cool dad...
Thanks I will explain it like this to my children 😊
Your dad is amazing ❤️
I'm very glad that my parents were telling me about black holes when I was about 4...
Your videos are thought-provoking, well-produced, and fun to watch. Thanks for making such great content.
Wow! Thats serious dedication, donating 50 dollars for this dude. Seriously, he does deserve it.
@@dot1298Thats some *serious* dedication there, too! I wonder if Ukraine will win the war, let’s wait and see. Time flies, and it will be a long one.
@@dot1298 this was not the time or place for this comment. He may have already donated for Ukraine. You don't know that.
@@dot1298 I haven't been following up on the war much but I am damn sure that they are good off. The US has given practically it's lung to the country; I'm sure the UN is probably helping; and there are so many donations and even some organizations relocating families out of the warzone. This feels pretty petty to comment. How about you donate there? Or how about you donate to homeless women and children? Or how about you donate to cancer treatment? Or Children's hospitals? Or to schools that don't have proper funding? Or to the residents in the Ohio Train Derailment? You get what I'm saying now? Honestly this comment I felt was disrespectful. People can donate to whatever they want; whenever they want; however they want. That's it. If you believe someone should've donated with THEIR money; you can instead with your own money. And before you even question me; no I did not donate anything. Period.
@@videocollectorguy even though you're just another commentator; well said!
I'm an undergraduate student majoring in Astrophysics and Planetary Geology. Thank you SO much for this video and your sources, one of my professors was looking into an extinction event and I was curious as well. This has given me a starting place on research to piece things together! While I was pondering on possibilities I remembered this video. Veritasium, you are doing an amazing job with your channel. I have sent many of your videos to friends to help explain concepts, they always love your content too!
You're throwing away your money
@@David-cv1se would my money be better spent on fast food or coffee than education?
@@nicolemitchell737 You mean indoctrination
@@David-cv1se don’t assume what I mean. I’d love to hear your explanation on why you think it is indoctrination. Care to elaborate?
@@nicolemitchell737 Don't try to tell me what I should do that's not physical evidence
Whenever I watch an almost 20 minute long Veritasium video, I never lose interest throughout the video and it's consistently gets my attention. The pacing of him talking quickly and pausing to make a transition makes it easier to retain the information. Also his voice is very clear and comprehensible. As always amazing stuff Veritasium, you never fail to get my attention.
You expained this clearly yourself.
Him and Vsauce are my favorite RUclips learning channels. Veritasium seems more "normal" interesting while Vsauce keeps your attention by being "weird" interesting.
Also great choice of background music
couldn't agree more very well put :)
@@PeterDB90 i like watching thoughty2 also
The connection between astronomy, historic man, and palaeontology as a whole was absolutely mind opening. It is this reason this channel is one of the best channels on RUclips
That's right lil Jacob 😊
They follow the Cosmos format, very good show
Im i agree
exatamente, q video gostoso
Opp
This guy has that enthusiasm it’s like he is as amazed as his viewers. Like he’s not teaching or lecturing he is shearing information. I adore everything he does!
okay 👌 what i can i think 💭 would have been a little bit longer but if i can go on a break and i just make a new thing and it is fine too so much more like 👍 but it looks better and it will just keep you in touch and be 😅😅
How does neon fuse into oxygen (at 3:54)
Neon(Atomic no 10) is heavier than oxygen (Atomic no 8)
What the hell are these replies ?
The sun is a converter ,
stop misleading folk .repent before .. ...
@@semaj_5022 gamair!!!! 😙🤪 everything looks like it is pretty cool but it is kinda like the green brown green green bell bell brown brown eyes green green brown green green blue green brown green green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan tan orange 🍊 orange 🍊 tan green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan green bell 🔔 orange 🍊 green green brown green bell bell brown brown green green brown brown eyes green green bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan tan orange green brown green bell bell 🛎 orange 🍊 tan green green brown green bell bell brown brown eyes 👀 tan green bell 🛎 bell 🛎
You just explained this better than anyone I've ever heard or watched😮. Well done! Mad it make sense
Last year, I almost joined the Brian fields research group after listening to his presentation on this topic. He talked about how they had to look through sediment samples to find traces of Fe-60. I thought it was so cool that we could learn so much about the history of our cosmic neighbourhood just by observing earth. It's amazing to see this topic explained so well.
It doesn't happen "just by observing earth". It's actually a lot of different scientific disciplines coming together to understand what we're looking at. This is even more impressive than you make it sound.
Where there's a will, there is a way! - Humanity
why almost?
Jesus Christ is the propitiation for the whole world's sins. They that believeth and are baptized (with the Holy Spirit) shall be saved; but they that believeth not shall be damned. Those led by the Holy Spirit do not abide in wickedness.
*God is ONE manifesting himself as THREE;* the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit! Bless him! *For these three are one.*
As I am led by the Holy Spirit, nothing I state is a lie, but the truth of God. Anyone who tells you differently is misinformed or a liar. They do not know God, nor led by him.
Anyone who *claims* to be a Christian and is against what I am doing, and where I am doing it; the Holy Spirit does not dwell within them, they lack understanding. They know not God, read his word, and their religion is in vain. Do not hear them, they will mislead you, the lost cannot guide the lost.
When you trust in God and cast your cares (worries, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts) upon him, they will be NO MORE!
Know that there is power in the name Jesus Christ! His name casts out demons and heals!
The world is wicked, evil, and of the devil.
I too, was a wicked sinner of the world before I opened my heart to God. I am living proof of God's work and fruitfulness! He is an active God who hears the prayers of his! God's children are set apart (holy) and righteous. The devil is a liar that comes to steal, to kill, and to destroy; that includes your relationship with God!
Open your heart to God, repent of your sins (he will forgive you), and let him direct your path. Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands and purify your heart, lest you walk with the devil and follow him to hell.
Small addendum regarding the name Supernova that you mention (1:20):
Kepler's teacher and mentor, Tycho Brahe, was the first to publish a book concerning a new star (stella nova), namely SN1572 or "Tycho's Supernova", which appeared 32 years earlier (TWO visible supernovae in a lifetime and NONE since!)
Brahe's book was "De nova et nullius aevi memoria prius visa stella", ("Concerning the Star, new and never before seen in the life or memory of anyone").
Underrated comment.
You speak like veritasium indeed.
SN1987A was visible to the naked eye.
@@mytube001 It was indeed visible, but it wasn't in our galaxy, but in one of our closest neighbors, the Large Magellanic Cloud.
@@JensRiggelsen Yes, but you only wrote "two visible supernovae in a lifetime and none since", which isn't correct. No mention of them having to be in our galaxy.
I watch an obscene amount of science youtube, and love supernova videos. I learned a ton from this video. You have done something wonderful here Derek.
Lni iu I’m
Jesus Christ is the propitiation for the whole world's sins. They that believeth and are baptized (with the Holy Spirit) shall be saved; but they that believeth not shall be damned. Those led by the Holy Spirit do not abide in wickedness.
*God is ONE manifesting himself as THREE;* the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit! Bless him! *For these three are one.*
As I am led by the Holy Spirit, nothing I state is a lie, but the truth of God. Anyone who tells you differently is misinformed or a liar. They do not know God, nor led by him.
Anyone who *claims* to be a Christian and is against what I am doing, and where I am doing it; the Holy Spirit does not dwell within them, they lack understanding. They know not God, read his word, and their religion is in vain. Do not hear them, they will mislead you, the lost cannot guide the lost.
When you trust in God and cast your cares (worries, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts) upon him, they will be NO MORE!
Know that there is power in the name Jesus Christ! His name casts out demons and heals!
The world is wicked, evil, and of the devil.
I too, was a wicked sinner of the world before I opened my heart to God. I am living proof of God's work and fruitfulness! He is an active God who hears the prayers of his! God's children are set apart (holy) and righteous. The devil is a liar that comes to steal, to kill, and to destroy; that includes your relationship with God!
Open your heart to God, repent of your sins (he will forgive you), and let him direct your path. Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands and purify your heart, lest you walk with the devil and follow him to hell.
Agreed, what are some of your favorite science channels?
It is so cool tbh i know that humans were not really meant to find out these things or even comprehend them. We were meant to be oogaboogaa at best.
Thanks
This is far better than a complete sponsored documentary. This is very inspirational and underrated content!
Definitely not underrated. But youre right great content.
yeah, this is basically why i gave up watching TV about 10-15 years ago.
@@Ignirium bruh lol
13.1m subs doesn´t qualify as underrated ;-)
@@belledetector haha also true. but still, I believe RUclips creators are still underrated and they deserve more.
I always appreciate the value of your productions. The bit where you showed how a star fuses the different elements as time goes on and for how long blew my mind.
No need of a video of that, without watching the video, I can confirm, "we all are f!kukced" if an star e!xplodes 😂💩+++.+
same
A small piece of dust would probably blow your mind... How about AC Clark... he's a great scientist too!
It blew my mind, too, although I had first seen this information a few years ago at an open-house presentation of the Astronomy Department at the University of Manitoba. I don't remember all of the time periods though. Does anyone have a reference for each element, all the way to iron? I was disappointed this video didn't give all of the times. I think in the end it was minutes, or seconds!
@@kwimms Why the insult?
The fact that we as stardust have evolved to figure this stuff out is completely mind boggling
It’s no wonder that it had to have happened somewhere within an infinite universe with countless outcomes.
@@ChinnuWoW makes it no less amazing
prob happened a few times in other galaxies and possibly our own we just don't know of yet..
@@clownavenger0 yet…far more likely than not. Even multiple times, given the infinitude, still makes it outrageously rare & wondrous.
@@lessmore444 yeah it's fairly rare if you mean how many square light-years and the amount of time it takes for a single occurrence.
I think we'd die.
How doesn't this have any replies in 5 months ??
@@HamdanMustafa-l8rIdk🧐
@@HamdanMustafa-l8r i think its because its not funny
@@zaveshduggal7753 dunno, i chuckled
The robots won't they'll prolly live
Ah yes, cosmic horrors beyond our comprehension. Thanks man
lovecraft?
You absolutely missed his point at the end as probably most of the thumbs up to your reply. If it hadn't been fro a cosmic dice roll a long long time ago WE wouldn't be here!!!!!!!
@@johnpetrakis379 I didn't
What happens? NOTHING! Just change the bulb.
I sometimes run the video at a less compressed speed for just those slower neuron fires a chance to catch up.
Clarification: There are stars that go supernova AND form black holes as well. The formation of a black hole doesn't mean that there is no supernova, which is clarified quite late in the video and might lead to quite some misunderstanding in the first place. Still this is another perfect video!
thank you for clarifying what the video clarifies itself
yes
So when do blackholes form and when do supernovae?
@@rahulbanerjee8867 when the mass of expansion is high enough to force the mass density apart, its explosive expansion stops and all that mass recondenses. If their isnt enough mass to form a black hole, it forms a neutron star instead.
A stellar type black hole will always be preceded by a supernova, and the more massive the star, the bigger it will be.
The fact that a supernova thousands of light years away can cause a measurable change in our atmosphere is absolutely mindblowing to me.
The fact that a gamma burst 2.5 BILLION light years away caused a noticeable effect is similarly mind-melting.
Astronomy stuff really can be incredible. Thanks for putting together a great video on this!
It's a U- Bomb ...
But the GbR got me thinking. Wouldn't it only effect us if one of the two beams is targeted directly at us? Seems like that lowers the chance of a hit even with an explosion within range dramatically to me. I didn't full get from the video if we have to be in the beam or not, but if so, it seems much less impressive to me than the supernova to me. You focus all the energy into two directions, of course it has a much higher range. Its like comparing a rifle to a grenade to me, but I could have understood it wrong.
@@electricpaisy6045 you are right, a GRB is a very narrow stream of particles, like a rifle, as you very cleverly put it. A stray bullet coming at us in this vast space is very unlikely, but GRBs are much more frequent than supernovae and are deadlier from further away.
yeah exactly I thought we could safely watch the big cosmic fireworks from like a few lightyears away xd but this really changed my perspective on how big these "fireworks" actually are!
Wow... amazing. Let's think about some other nonsense, make-up crap... How about Santa Clause? Heard about him? He will blow your mind! He travels at the speed of light!
I love the in increasing eloquence of narration on this channel--and the extravagantly gorgeous graphics, such as at 08:50, or 13:40, which are brain-beguiling!
I've seen countless videos and understood partially, but this is the first time I actually understand how and why of a supernova. The amount of simplicity it went to explain this, my salute to Derek for making space and science fun and simpler.
Given the vastness of spacetime in our universe, it is so amazing to have such a violent type of event that occurs in a short enough time scale comparable to a human lifetime, yet frequent enough that we actually observe a number of them within our short history.
Veritasium is consistently better-written, better-edited, and better-explained than any other RUclips channel I've found yet. I wish more science-oriented channels had standards as high as Veritasium.
They can't so they accept mediocrity.
Yeah, but Derek has more than 10 million subscribers and a team working with him... not all channels can afford that.
because Derek is interested in cinematography too thats why his videos are different from others
Kurzgesagt is also an amazing channel.
This was such a ridiculously interesting episode! I didn’t understand half of it, but it was so exciting to learn all these new things.
I've never seen a video this in depth yet clear about how all this works and how our history is with these things. This is the most interesting and fun video I've seen from you yet
How does neon fuse into oxygen (at 3:54)
Neon(Atomic no 10) is heavier than oxygen (Atomic no 8)
Watch a video called "When Stars outshine Galaxies" by a channel called "But Why?". This video is good, but the gold standard of any supernova video is still But Why?'s video. Goes into even more detail but somehow is still not overwhelming.
I was surprised a few years ago to learn that gold and heavier elements are unlikely to be created in a standard supernova but require a more extreme ultranova or similar event such as star collisions to produce special elements like gold. That just adds to how lucky we are to have such abundance of uranium, gold, etc on our planet.
Actually fission stops at nickel not iron. It's a myth that iron is the most stable element, but nickel is more stable
Regular super nova make gold and lots of other stuff. hypernova make black holes from which nothing escapes.
It's almost like somebody did that intentionally
Genesis 1:1
@@Justyouraveragedaeodon5 *Fusion
@@Justyouraveragedaeodon5iron is more stable
Derek, this video was simply MONUMENTAL. :) Well done!! Seriously, wow. I've watched your channel for *YEARS*, and I personally believe that this is one of your most profound and awesomely constructed videos yet. I have no idea how you do it. Kudos, and... I certainly wish I could comprehend as much as I've ENJOYED over the years! Almost a decade now, I think, TBH...
🐲✨🐲✨🐲✨
Great work as always. My nieces and nephews are always asking me space questions and ill answer but also show them these cool animations which really gets the point across.
Thanks for bringing this subject down to earth - very well explained
You sir, win best pun of the week!
I don't want any of those cosmic pipe bombs anywhere NEAR Earth
@@Flesh_Wizard good sir, u need to define near, because as mentioned even a star going hypernova 150 MILLION light years away, caused mass extinction on earth
@@rapidreaders7741 white
Down to earth huh
Love your videos man. I'm a regular joe with no notable math or science skills whatsoever but for some reason your explanations makes sense to me. You should get a Nobel prize for educating the masses in all sorts of subjects. Thank you for the various topics over the years and I hope it will be so many more lessons to listen to in the future.
Space is damn scary and amazing at the same time!
Agreed. A Veritasium video with hundreds of thousands of views may have taught/inspired more minds than any regular teacher in a lifetime.
I love this channel, but a Nobel Prize is a bit much..
@@MrNicePotato my love for stem literally stemmed from this channel
Very well said.
@Ironside Amen! Completely relevant /s
Great video! I did a degree in physics and astronomy and can say this was a great, easy to understand review of some of our favourite cosmological objects and I really enjoyed you linking some of the supernova events in the past with extinction events on earth :) I didn't know about some of those connections, thanks as always for sharing!
What do you think about micro nova or a shell release?
That’s great! Published any papers?
"... easy to understand review..." - Well, Jordan, your brain and mine must be made of material so astronomically different as to defy description.
It took me a moment to fully understand just how much of a difference the density changed when going from an iron core with a diameter of 3000km down to a neutron star with a diameter of 30km. At first I thought "hmm, 100x smaller is quite a bit smaller, but doesn't seem like enough for how insanely dense a neutron star is". Then I remembered that volume is affected by a square compared to the diameter. So, even though the core "only" goes from 3000km to 30km, the volume is about 1,000,000x smaller. Thats some DENSE matter. Especially when you consider the fact that iron is already relatively dense, that's absolutely insane.
Most are typically around 10km diameter when fully neutron stars, but imagine how dense and rugged the core of the star was that it can withstand the rest of the star rebounding off itself at 25-30% the speed of light!! Well it doesn't actually, because it all flattens down further becoming a neutron star.
volume of a sphere is a cube relationship to the radius
@@nuntana2
Recent simulations show that the rest of the star does NOT rebound off the freshly minted neutron star. It has no time to fall onto it.
The NS is formed in well under one second, something like 50-100 milliseconds.
This new NS is approximately 100 billion kelvins hot. The luminosity of such a hot object is difficult to imagine, my quick-and-dirty calculated estimate is ~10billion solar luminosities ... from every square meter (!!!).
The surface of NS would cool off quickly with such insane power output, but there is sufficient energy transfer from the interior of NS to its surface by neutrinos, which allows it to shine for about 7 seconds before its luminosity starts to drop.
This deluge of gamma-rays generates a very powerful shockwave, it impacts on the the rest of the star before this "rest of the star" makes any significant falling movement into the cavity left from the formerly existing iron core.
Love how Veritasium took this topic and really went in depth with different scenarios.
Unlike other clickbait "Scientific" youtube channels out there
Which channel are you talking about
This is one of the best physics videos I've seen on RUclips. It is amazing how thoroughly you showed that theorized physics concepts have real physical effects on the Earth that we can measure and see. It's wild how neutrinos seem so intangible but yet are so impactful in supernovae and can even alert us to their presence before they become visible!
Veritasium is one of my favourite channels on RUclips. The explanations are lucid and give the intuitive feel to understand complex ideas. Thanks Derek!
Im so glad I found your channel, your voice, explanations and visuals are so well done and beautiful. Thank you!
You do such a fantastic job of going in-depth, explaining well and keeping it simple and fun! Loved it, thank you!
How does neon fuse into oxygen (at 3:54)
Neon(Atomic no 10) is heavier than oxygen (Atomic no 8)
I have always admired your ability to elegantly describe the beauty of the universe. Amazing. You are one of the reasons I'm pursuing a degree in physics.
Good luck! It's difficult but rewarding. I did bachelors and masters in physics, and loved it. It's also buys you a TON of options professionally, and can get you some very high paying jobs.
@@tacobanana_forever what kind of jobs?
A pretty broad range
@Robert Jušić . As a physicist, in college you'll likely work with:
1 - Coding, like python, Labview, Python or Statistica
2 - TONS of math, you pretty much get a bachelors with a very similar skill set to a mathematician
3 - Equipment training, if you work in research
4 - Technical communication skills: From presentations and paper writing
so after graduation, if you learn to communicate your skill set, you can be an analysist (in lots of industries), data eng, software eng, professor, researcher, or most types of engineering roles. My background is in applied physics, but I've worked my entire career as a process eng in manufacturing.
The big part is learning how to communicate that the skills you have are useful. Communicating how learning advanced mathematics can help in a real world situation
@@tacobanana_forever curently on my 2nd year of mechanichael enginering and constantly anxious that im not gonna find a job that im truly happy or usefull at. How did you menage to comunicate that your skills are usefull?
@@robertjusic9097 I mean, if you go into a job interview, can you articulate how you can use your math and analytical skills to help a business operate? Can you situate how you can help with your knowledge.
Also, congrats, everyone gets nervous, but if you are going to mechanical engineering, you should have options!
Thanks for the update about the Gamma Burst Ray observed on 9 October on Earth. I learned most of the astrophysics a long time ago and certainly like the comprehensive video display of it, but the consequences for what the effects were on Earth and on it's life that are discovered since are fascinating. It is amazing how much information you have compressed in a single 20 minute video and still be clear about the many subjects. I also like that you show the scientific abstracts. Exceptionally well done!
Very great content Derek.
Thank you!!❤
The Crab Nebula story was amazing. It's so easy to look up think of the night sky as static, but the entire universe is all moving faster than I can even comprehend.
Exactly. And this shows how bad we are at imagining the scale of the universe. The universe is so large that even objects moving close to the speed of light feels like they are at rest! Just mind boggling!
Yep, it's always moving but it seems static at times because of the massive time scales. It's amazing to think that when we see the Crab Nebula, we see it as it was 1,000's of years ago due to the SOL !
Facinating video as always, Derek.
Could you please make a video in the future explaining the creation of heavier elements (r- process, s- process and p- process)?
It blows my mind to think of the extreme conditions required to create them. Makes me appreciate them that much more.
Thanks for all your hard work.
I would vote for this as well.
I am hearing all the time we are made from stars and all the heavy elements were made there before.
But when?
How about elements not on the fussion "paths"?
I see how H, He, Ne, C, Si, Fe... are produced.
How about all the other elements?
Why there are high amounts of matter made of elements "behind" Fe, if the system needs an extra energy to build them?
And why are they all locked in the planets?
Are they?
And why different planets of the same system have different distribution of the heavy elements (I mean any other than H or He)?
It would be nice to learn this topic through a similar video :)
I'm left in awe at the explanation of how some tiny, tiny, weightless, harmless Neutrino... detonates the largest bombs in the known Universe. Just amazing how super-large events can have the smallest origins.
Love this. Thank you.
well when you've got 10^58 of anything it's gonna be pretty huge
I'm shure you can make a metaphor for capitalism about this
I'm left in awe that you think space is real
Indeed! A wonderful presentation on a really interesting topic. Well done!
@@David-cv1seyou either have a dangerously low braincell count, or you're really bad at ragebaiting
I really like the artwork and new-ish animation style you’ve added to the channel.
@dont read my profile picture.
Why?
this is one of the best vids you have ever made. Very technical, yet easy to understand by even most of my classmates who never even HEARD of a super-nova.
I'll be pushing this one on friends and family.
Exactly this topic was my bachelor thesis in geology. Super fascinating stuff, tons of implicatons in both directions if we were able to detect them. From dynamics of our galaxy to the history of earth and life.
By far the best super Nova explanation I've ever seen
"The blood of life shines red
from the death of former stars"
(A poem by Bertil Gelland, freely translated to English. It assumes that those novas are the only source of iron, and that iron is what makes hemoglobin red)
Hello, hope you are well. I'm very interested in this poem, but i can't seem to find it complete, could you be kind enough to share it? or share a place where i could read more about Bertil Gelland? There are many results by searching the name and i'm unsure to which one you refer.
It is a correct assumption. There is no other plausible mechanism for generating large quantities of iron-53.
Another of the two-liners: "A human life is short, but it has been prepared in 14 billion years"
Iron Lung
Arthropods (which don't have red blood): are we a joke to you?
I love it when Veritasium uploads a video about space.
I can watch these videos an entire day without getting bored.
Great work Veritasium!
@fck peace Lines in space photos is because of the telescope's mirror.
The light reflects within the structure of mirror or telescope causing these lines to appear.
Well the image on right is edited.
So these lines are added artificially.
@fck peace It's the struts in the telescope.
4:49 Chandrashekhar's limit 🇮🇳🔥
It was only named after s chandrashekhar, the limit was discovered by Wilhelm Anderson
@@belugamerde3701 Indians are like that, they claim everything.
Even chandrashekhar himself is an American.
@@belugamerde3701still you can't deny the fact that the concept was named in the honour of Chandrashekhar sir 🙂
@@mr.unknown1070 lots of people think Chandrashekhar discovered it. Lot of Indians think that.
@@mr.unknown1070😂😂😂I honour of? He worked for it.
Great work Derek - it's the best that I've seen of your work.
It feels chilling to think about that actually being the end times for which ever species lived within the system.
Somebody please tell Veritasium to make in depth video about TON-618
And in any nearby system as well.
Hmm I don't worry at all, because (if we survive this long) then it is no longer my problem in a few decades xD
"...lived within the system."
_What species_ , living in _which_ system??
@@AsinineComment I assume whatever sapient species lived in orbit of the star that went supernova
On a related note: Has anyone here played or heard of the game Outer Wilds?
I never heard about the connection between supernovae and neutrinos, but always found both fascinating.
I had never heard of neutrinos
@@PtylerBeats That's okay, first time for everyone with confusing space stuff 😵
These videos are great! animations, music, and Derek the narrator, all top-notch quality! thanks for this Derek and the team! I think you have the best quality educational videos on earth!
This episode is amazing. Tons of new things and ive been avidly following this topic for years. Keep up the great work!
As usual another amazing video. Thanks for making me feel smart while learning about this cool content
Excellent video! The visuals were amazing. My favorite of yours in a bit, and I love all your videos.
sir, i have always been so confused by stars. yours was the best explanation till date, thank you
Man! This one solved all my curiosities about supernovae.Straight to the point and I can clearly understand what you want to explain in this content.Thanks mate!
Another awe inspiring, informative and visually stunning video by Derek.
It was possibly the greatest thing you have done is drop the graveyard shift at the neutrino detector and come to RUclips!
After all, at least on the science topics on youtube, you are a supernova light source here! Many stars have faded away but you kept us in light!
Best explanation of supernova formation I've ever seen, that was super cool!
if that happens,we're cooked.Quite literally
Unbelievable! The scale of these things and events help me cope with the harsh realities of life.
Opposite for me 🤨
A truly fascinating chain of events clearly explained. I’m sitting here going, “ Wow, I never knew that!” Thanks, Derek.
It's just one of many theories since all analysis is done via spectrometry & assumptions based thereon.
Gentleman, what a masterpiece.
I'm surprised I've never seen information about stars like this before, especially considering a watch a whole bunch of astronomy videos. I'm really surprised and amazed. Thanks 💚
You should try SEA channel, it's one of my favorite channels!
0:57 this it the best music I’ve ever heard in a background of an educational RUclips video, and I really don’t know why.
Brilliantly written, brilliantly produced. You are the perfect educator.
I’ve never been a genius but you just make these videos very simple and easy to understand, I love it ❤❤❤❤
Excellent video. I thought I knew a good deal about supernovae but turns out I did not know anything at all. Thanks for educating all of us!
My mind took a Supernova at point-blank and it was only one billionth of a knowledge point gained from warching Veritasium videos!!!
Amazing video! One of the best explanations of a Supernova that I was looking for a while now and you happend to make one today! That's why I love this channel. Has an amazing narrative in telling a scientific story and we all love a good story. Unfortunately I was also hoping for a quantum explanation to what happens when a star decides to go the other way and become a black hole. That would have been amazing! Maybe in the near future, I really hooe.
Loved the information you provide , interested in more such content
1:00 the fact that he could tell it was that particular "star" that was making a shadow is just insane
i friggin love being at this time in science where so much is known but so much more is unknown, and we have just enough info to look in the right direction to see amazing things.
0:37 still not as bright as discord light mode
Ye
Fr
Dude the thumbnail literally looks like he is going to explode a star as a prank/social experiment than a documentary video
I never really understood what actually causes the explosion. No one else who explains supernova talks about neutrinos. They simply say when iron accumulates in the core the star explodes. Thank you for the extremely clear explanation.
I have done countless studies on supernovae and the way you explained the brightness really blew my mind
Absolutely epic video Derek! Anything cosmological is always gonna hit the soft spot for an astrophysicist like me ;)
Hey nice pfp!
Okay apart from this comment, you're not allowed to reply here unless you have the same black hole profile picture
Today the 8 billionth person was born. Can you make a video on what if we reach 20 (or 30,40,50,...) billion people on earth?
There's been over 100 billion people born...
I know reading is hard these days. He never mentioned something about the past.. @@kylereeves9696
I remember reading that XKCD What-if blog about lethal dose of neutrinos that talked about the hydrogen bomb in your eyeball analogy. I laughed my lungs out at the time and am so happy it was mentioned here.
Same, shout out to that.
Imagine having a car that explodes when it's out of fuel
It's crazy that not so much time ago, I used to buy dvds or even blue rays with documentaries about this topics.
The fact that nowadays it's free on RUclips it's amazing, and with the same quality (even more maybe)
I'm very thankful with this kind of creators, the are the real MVP
Well, this is undoubtedly one of the best explanations about how stars and supernovas work I've ever seen. Science is one of those areas of life in which, just as soon as we think we understand a thing, we find out more about it--or in some cases relearn what we thought we knew. Thank goodness for the guide who takes us along on that journey and is just as fascinated along the way as we are (I'm talking about you, Comrade Derek).
Shut up you cruel dictator…
The explanation of neutronization is incorrect. Electrons are not "forced into their lowest energy state".
Kim likes astronomy! NICE!
bro had enough of north korea.. he made a youtube account, wanna make videos for his lunch money
No need of a video of that, without watching the video, I can confirm, "we all are f!kukced" if an star e!xplodes 😂💩+.+.+.
A minor error at 8:21: While some very massive stars can theoretically go straight to being a black hole when they collapse most Black holes are thought to be the result of core collapse supernovae in stars that are too massive for the remnant to be a neutron star. This is when the remnant is so massive that neutron degeneracy pressure (and even quark degeneracy pressure) are overcome.
Dr. Derek, you are the modern-day Richard Feynman. Your ability to explain incredibly complex concepts in such a way that a layman is able to understand is extraordinary and I can only dream of sharing the planet with more minds like yours.
Major error, actually, as space, gravity and black holes are all purely science fiction.
@@somejerk1520 Proof?
@@somejerk1520 Do you have a cell phone with a gps? That works because space, gravity and therefore, black holes are reality, whether you're ignorant to it or not.
@@DougVandegrift GPS has been around since the 40s since it is and always has been tower based. Trans-oceanic flights have no benefit from GPS since there are no towers in the ocean. Remember when that Malaysian flight went missing? Seems odd in a world with 20,000+ so-called satellites keeping an eye on everything.
@@jaideepshekhar4621 What is my proof something doesn't exist? A complete and utter lack of proof it does for starters.
The Dinosaurs lived on Earth for over 160 million years. Imagine, if they were as smart as us, and could document things, what they could've seen in THEIR night sky.
I like to imagine what dinosaur art might have been like.
@@Bluegooose62 Probally something a 4 year old could make!
9:37
Just for the fun of high numbers, 6,500 light years is 61,452,657,210,672,000 kilometers.
What an outstanding episode! Please more space content!
Awesome video Derek! But I have a few questions:
1. 3:28 When the H runs out the fusion slows, so shouldn't gravity take over and compress the star into a smaller size? How come it grows and gets hotter instead? Is it because He starts fusing into C?
2. 4:45 and 16:06 The Fe core collapses at 1.4xM0, at which point a Supernova explosion happens blowing out the rest of the matter into space, however a 30xM0 star (during the Hypernova explosion) can collapse into a black hole. Does that mean that the Fe core collapses at a greater than 1.4xM0 mass or the rest of the matter around the core is so massive it cannot bounce off and gets absorbed into the core instead?
3. 7:40 Neutrinos can arrive 18h prior to the photons. Neutrinos are generated when the Fe core collapses at 25% c, but at that point the outer layer also starts collapsing at 25% c. So how come there can be 18h difference between the Fe core collapsing and the shock wave happening? Can it take 18h for the outer layer to collapse and bounce off from the pure neutron core?
To add to your questions, I seem to recall (correctly or incorrectly?) that gamma ray bursts need to specifically be pointed directly at Earth for extinction-level damage to occur. However, in the video Derek only mentioned that a GRB within 6,000 LY of Earth would be problematic. So does the burst need to be pointed directly at us for maximum damage (which I assume would be quite a bit more rare in occurrence) or does it just need to happen within 6,000 LY?
I don't have a degree in astrophysics, but I watch a lot of content about it here, so I'll try to answer these questions to the best of my ability.
@1. You're correct. Hydrogen runs out -> Fusion of H to He slows -> gravity takes over -> as soon as the core is hot enough to fuse He into C, it releases a lot more energy and pushes the outer layers away. Repeat for heavier elements, which require higher and higher temperatures, until the innermost core produces iron.
@2. Educated guess: I think an important detail about hypernovae is that the star needs to be rotating rapidly. At those speeds, the equator of the core is probably also rotating at an appreciable percentage of c, so it doesn't collapse fast enough to become part of the black hole and explodes instead. Ultimately I don't know enough about that to be 100% sure though.
@3. 18 hours at 25% c means a radius of 4.5 light-hours, which is about the distance from the Sun to Neptune. I think the largest stars actually get this big right before they go supernova. Obviously the outer layers are very thin at this point, but there are still enough particles for them to be opaque.
@Dillinger I think that was in a Kurzgesagt video, and the 6000 lightyear number applies to GRBs pointed directly at Earth. Veritasium probably omitted it for brevity, as it doesn't really make a difference to us (it's a really improbable event either way).
1. Electrons are governed by the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which states that two fermions cannot inhabit the same quantum state (space) in a quantum system. When a stellar core collapses, electrons are forced into much closer proximity with each other, and begin to repel one another as per the PEP. This repulsion increases entropy (heat) in the stellar core, causing expansion and returning the system to equilibrium.
To add to the excellent replies here:
1.) A star's core will generally shrink and become more dense, to the point that a dying star may have a white dwarf at its center. The outer layers however become heated and expand. This creates a star that is larger and brighter, but with more mass in its core than before. This is why the yellow sun will become a RED giant at the end of its life, and will puff up so much that most of it will boil away into space, leaving only the core.
2.) The stellar core doesn't collapse at exactly the mass limit, a bunch of factors from its temperature, rotation, convection and composition can let it get much heavier. There are two outcomes, collapse to a neutron star (and rebound\supernova) or collapse to a black hole, which has no surface and just swallows the star. We've seen stars go out like a snuffed candle, an eerie thing.
3.) Neutrinos are produced in great numbers before the core collapses, as well as during the collapse. They can escape a bit before the supernova. Light will often be held back both because it is produced later and also because at the point of detonation a star will be surrounded by a thick envelope of gas. We often see not just a direct glow, but the glow from matter heated by the supernova shock front.
4.) A gamma ray burst does indeed need to be pointed at Earth to be dangerous. The beam can get quite broad but it's still a matter of chance. As with the beams of pulsars, most will miss us and go undetected.
3:56 Neon temporarily decomposes to oxygen and an alpha particle which fuses woth Neon again to become magnesium. It cannot fuse into an atom that is smaller than it.
Imagine the amount of effort they put to publish this amazing video 😲
Another brilliant video Derek. You deserve a Netflix series.
Nah youtube is better.
So that Netflix can cancel it after 2 seasons? No thanks.
It's crazy cuz I watch a lot of these videos but this video is on a whole nother level!
Good Stuff! 👍🏻💯
What I find really remarkable is that since the formation of our solar system around 4.5 billion years ago nothing much has happened in our part of the galaxy, allowing life to form and continue on earth to this day.
Nothing much except 5 mass extinction events though :-). If more cataclysmic events had occured probably no one would be here to think about it.
Finally, someone who talks about supernovae and on why those that occur nearby could be devastating.
This take is somewhat scary too.
It's crazy to think something so astronomically far away can literally burn our skin on earth during hot days.
Ok Frankie.
Thanks!
Bro taught me more than my entire school in 19 Minutes.
Honestly one of the best Veritasium videos. There have been a lot of other explanations about supernovae but this one goes a lot more beyond "ooooh star collapse but then star go boom, cool light"
Man i LOVE this Style of fusing Learning and Fun together. Gives me the Urge to recommend others who mastered this Style, to random People.
I wanna name-drop Oversimplified, Hbomberguy, Some More News, Tier Zoo, Madvocate and so many Others but thats often perceived as random-spam.
@@slevinchannel7589 thanks!
@@ananttiwari1337 :)
Hi Derek, awesome video! I know you've done video on neutrinos and neutrino detectors before, but as a high school student working in the ICARUS Collaboration Group, I think it would be really cool if you made a video on sterile neutrinos and the ICARUS detector, which is a new and better type of neutrino detector.