What are mini brains? - Madeline Lancaster
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- Опубликовано: 1 окт 2024
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Shielded by our thick skulls and swaddled in layers of protective tissue, the human brain is extremely difficult to observe in action. Luckily, scientists can use brain organoids - pencil eraser-sized masses of cells that function like human brains but aren’t part of an organism - to look closer. How do they do it? And is it ethical? Madeline Lancaster shares how to make a brain in a lab.
Lesson by Madeline Lancaster, animation by Adam Wells.
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I love the posthuman stuff like this. How about something cyborg-y in the future?
TED-Ed can you return the super hero science series
TED-Ed biko. Bnk
Nu pagadi
how do you made this video?
*Excellent animation*
This is incredible. Anyone has an idea how this animation was done ? With what kind of software ?
Boufcon done by best animators with best softwares
Its almost always made with Adobe After Effects.
Thanks, man, I am the animator. Bit of After Effects, bit of 3D Software.
Do you have any background in neuroscience? Man you sure are talented! I hope there are ways to can help you get recognized.
I’m going to write a science fiction script for a movie about organoid rights
have you done it yet
@@veenamukesh in the finishing stages of pre-post-launch production, next we will be onto the reshoots of the contingency script for the fourth film, as long as we stay on track for the second prequel writing meetings during c*vid. But we do have a few thoughts on our first line of the movie! So close 💫
@@RemingtonHillOfficial Woah!!!!! Congratulations!
@@RemingtonHillOfficial damn thats awesome
Be careful, it may just become science fact
Thank you TedEd for bringing us yet another informative video with amazing animation.
What is a mini brain?
It's what I have in my skull.
Lol 😂
oof that hits hard
Give it a mouth, and I'll bet you that it will start screaming
Love the animation
so simple yet captures each phenomenon beautifully especially the brains learning part.
Also thank you for telling us about such research, I never knew this was already achieved 5 years ago and i am gonna be a doctor. In our country research are not given priority but learning by your videos is way to pass those walls.
How's it going?
I KNOW WHAT THEY ARE!
I have one!
Ooo, how do dat feels? Me no has 1
Me too have 1
NVM
i have nothing in my head just skull
🤣🤣🤣 I feel that one brah!
TED-Ed >>> TEDTalks.
they are all very informative and superb
Someone Else tik tok 😂😅
Ted talks analyse something in even more detail. That's why Ted talks is also great. Ted ed is great introduction.
Brain the size of a pencil eraser? So that scene in David Lynch's Eraserhead was legitimate head science, who knew.
This is insanely fascinating, well explained, and beautifully animated
don't let the christians know we are growing little brains in the lab
They're full-size brains to them.
@@LughSummerson lmæœ
But why? Can you explain it?
Scientists make rally smart being then say we cant make them
Get it
Which software you use for making these animations? I wanna learn too. It's amazing!
Its probably made in adobe illustrator. You could find some online tutorials if you want to learn.
Busted_Bullseye thank you
go to skillshare.
Ted ed hires animators for each video, which is why the art/illustrations vary for each one
0:54
Someone should tell the animator that schizophrenia isn't split personality.
True.
Maybe they put that because it was suppose to be shown as a hallucination.
I wouldn’t know how to draw it in a simple but actual representation
More importantly, can we grow functioning human genitals in a lab?
LOL
South Park has ya covered.
Mi
*FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES*
Badum tss
#AskingForAFriend
The reproductive organs are also pretty complicated, so probably not.
Biology gives you a brain. Life turns it into a mind. What do you think?
hmm
maybe you are right
Sooner or later Artificial Intelligence will be able to turn this brain into mind.
Nabila Nazir khan I wish that happens soon
Biology give you life, mind is just very complicated networks of neuron
Considering human brains can be grown in a womb, a lab isn't that far fetched.
We can mimic Logan's brain though, I show you nothing
For context: a bee has 100,000 neurons
0:33 so you're saying there's a moat around my consciousness and it has duckies in it.
accurate.
Haha yes, the cerebrospinal fluid inside the skull...Such a cute representation!
Mine has crocodiles
Ahh...The animation is soo smooth My OCD brain is satisfied.
MAKE ONE FOR TRUMP.........
lol
even the tiny 1 cm brain will do a great job.....
Ricky believe it or not some of us watch videos like this ;)
Himel Ty and it's political I never said I like him but we are here to learn not listen to the disaster of politics
Himel Ty anyone that supported Hillary in the election is completely brain dead
Please use this art style and genre of music from now on. It's so relaxing and helps me focus on the topic at hand.
Sara Zeru the fun of TED-Ed is the varying styles. Maybe only when talking about brains, as they have used the same style for videos of the same topic.
What if we made a mini brain the size of a real brain
Then could it have consciousness 🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔.
das Ende wird kommen und ihr alle soll euch vor mir verneigen
We will all grow a better one for ourselves.
I definitely will.
I like my brain
But will it be you?
Timerºº Very Nice question. I would say yes. Depends on how it's done. If its just an add-on that helps you think better. It would be okay. Now, if it disturbate the way you think, or some part of your brain is removed by "an improved one" Then... NO
No it will not be you, same way your kids aren't you.
NicosoftNT
Indeed, "add-ons" may be a way to ensure it's still you. But well, our bodies are completely renewed as years pass, and we still feel like the same person, consciousness is still a big mystery.
I can sense future bio-computers here. I recall to have read somewhere about possible future bio/organic storage which is thought to be more efficient, less energy consumption, durable as can with stand extreme measures and microscopic in size. This was non other than a certain bacteria’s DNA. Though it was still experimental it is very likely to be true in near future.
Now imaging to how extent can this lab brain go? DNA as storage, then instead of busses to connect with processors within the computer, all of this is replaced with neurones and so on. Wow can’t imagine how many more break throughs will come out of this successful experiment. Probably the future might be less of a grey and more of green unlike as depicted in most sci-fic movies. ;)
What about a video about consciousness and self-consciousness?
"What makes us human?" Didn't Aristotle kinda answered that by defining the different kinds of species in dependence with their capabilities?
Right, Aristotle theory really help us to understand why we are human beings. I think the better way to put this is that what makes us living organisms because other organisms also has brains but their dependence with situations and capabilities make them different from us.
You mean the featherless bipeds?
Yes as I make a living selling human brains. The only problem is that I can’t figure out how to sell consciousness. If I could do that I’d be rich.
You'd be rich, because it is in short supply.
Continual Improvement You said you make a living selling mini brains. I am interested in buying your organoids for medical research. Please whatsapp me +923009445355
Ur voice should be universal
Mini brain blown!
Scroll down to see someone say "Cans we grow a brain inda white howse" Derpa derp.
Haven't even looked. Bet that helpful statement is there though.
MegaDoug4 it indeed is there, many times. We need brains for all of our gov. officials... brains and hearts.
no, no scientists there(biologists)
This is interesting but you spent an uncomfortable amount of time trying to justify and reassure how ethical this is, I'm now more worried than I was.
Yeah
Your amazing videos develop neuroplasticity in my brain.
SACHIN SUNDARESAN I doubt that honestly.
carolyn mmitchell Honesty is the best policy.😜😁
I LOVED the animation of this video. Excellent as always, Ted-Ed.
Tha plane example was perfect, i love how you explain things, i wish u was my bilogi teatchers
Please please make a video on schizophrenia and how it affects the brain. Pleaseeeee
Anchal Trisal tweaker.
oh! my bad
How can I donate skin cells to study the effects of chronic pain on the brain?
+Chris Mason: You could rub your finger over your skin. Then you'd have *_THOUSANDS_* of skin cells to work with. Or if you want *_alive_* skin, you could get a doctor, and have some sort of biopsy!
hmm you could use these organoids to make a biological computer, the speed would be amazing, with no over heating issues.
Wonderful maybe a 100 years later we ll grow actual and entire brains in labs
Wasn't this about growing brains a couple minutes ago?
What makes us human? I can answer the question. It's never just about our brain, but more about our spiritual mind and feelings in our soul, that allow us to be faithful, merciful and loving beings, unlike our "younger brothers" - animals. Animals have feelings, but they can't be faithful or merciful, they don't have moral code, because they aren't human. Humans are the biggest God's creatures, and through faith, mercy and love we grow. Remember that;)
try to make , mini nerve cells , for spinal injured people. patients, could have interchangeable parts. The ability to fix cripple spines, is sooner than thought. keep up the great work. amen God bless you.
The analogies used throughout the entire video is on point. Really makes the subject a lot easier to learn.
Minibrains have grown in 2019 now they reached 1million neurons and twitched a muscle
For anyone interested in learning more check out our resources on neural organoids here:
www.stemcell.com/technical-resources/area-of-interest/organoid-research/neural-organoids/overview.html
www.stemcell.com/how-to-grow-cerebral-organoids.html
And for those with hPSC culture experience, dive right in with this complete kit to create cerebral organoids based on the Lancaster protocol.
www.stemcell.com/stemdiff-cerebral-organoid-kit.html
Literally amazing animation!! Can you explain the dynamo effect which cause the earths magnetic field to work! Because if we are saying that earth has its magnetic field due to its molten iron core, than the core shouldn't be a magnetic thing as magnet looses its magnetism on heating! Plzz answer if you can!
We will never know what makes us human. God created every living and unloving things.
To know the answer of the age-old question , scientists must study both brain and heart. Also the brain cells in the heart.
It is interesting to note how many of the comments about what such a mini brain will be capable of doing have now been proven to be incorrect. Developments in the past couple of years enabled us to now allow such a mini brain to be connected to the outside world to give it inputs and collect outputs. Mini brains have been taught how to play Pong etc. The future potential is enormous…!
Yep... I was watching this video and I was thinking that it aged so bad...
Very insightful! I really appreciate the hardwork y'all put in. Thank you!
Human brain size has actually been getting smaller since the stone age
I will donate 10 dollars to Ted-ed when i am 20 years old so i can get a job! I like these videos
If this was done in 2013 why the video about it only now. And why no progress from scientists about it since all those years
Send your Animator to our schools.
Hey? Why do I see my brain on the agar plate????? It looks exactly like mine!!!!
Would brain organoids be able to be used as an organic processor in a computer?
Sethorama theoretical, yes but as mentioned in the video, because there is lack of a well developed network in them, it will not function normally. If in the future, an organoid which is developed enough to carry out complex processes is created though, then we could look at the possibility of organoid-powered computers and even understand how consciousness works.
I don't see why not, it would be interesting to see how its connections form with inputs and outputs. I would suggest that it would self adapt and optimize for the task as do computer based neural networks, but with much better efficiency, maybe not as fast as it is biological.
Only reason they aren't very functional in the lab is due to lack of inputs or any sort of feedback. the neurons are just randomly connecting up and firing spontaneously, with inputs and output feedback they will organize connections and prune off unneeded ones as they see fit for the stimulation they receive. This is very much the same as current AI neural networks in computers. You give them input and output and feedback for a task and with time they self develop a system for carrying out the task. There is a reason why computer science had striven to base computer learning off the biological neuron model as its so effective at self organizing.
Man how do you animate! Amazing!
"He" doesnt animate, multiple people work together like a company
Actually i think they *are* a company
Can you tell me which software they use?
Utkarsh Gupta must be adobe after effects and/or adobe premiere pro
it is just amazing how they utilize every bit of animation to deliver both the information and the message they want to deliver. when making this video, way more taught was put into it than it shows. that is part of why it is so good
What makes a creature turn human? Is it lust for gold? Power? Or are we just born with a head full of humanity?
the creature's dna....
This animation are gonna make me cry
I was today years old when I first learned about this! amazing
Classic animation , I love soooo much . Love form India !!!!
Beautiful animation! Great content!
2:53 SQUID GAME??
phenomenal animation work btw
time to start growing humans guys
*matrix noises*
I work in one of these labs! We use our spheroids as models for TBI, Ischemic stroke, neurotoxicology, and more!
Hi, researcher here from a different field. I was always wondering what software do you use?
Woah! Technology!
This is pretty uncanny... This research is definitely going down the path of developing and modifying much more complex brains.
And given how little we know, how can we be certain that those neural pathways aren't just creating pain, or any thing like that? Even if it's primitive, we have no current way of knowing what it's doing.
Is it possible that after a million cases there will randomly appear a fully-functioning brain organoid with it's own consiousness?
so what? how do you know it has consiousness? Do you have consiousness? Do I? Maybe
They're not that big,
They can't interact with the world,
They're not conscious,
yet
what is the differences between learning in ur puberty/childhood vs at 20, in terms of art/creativity, philosophy, science, physical skills like sports/martial arts, is it too late and whats the differences
Maybe mini brains explains the complexity of real brains.
The animation was a different and familiar simultaneously and I loved every second.
But wait. This is not like the plane analogy. You don't just put neurons randomly connected. You let them develop, right? And even if they aren't able to process information, wouldn't it be possible to feel?
Is there a chance that neurons in the mini brains can replace damaged ones in our own brains? I know the mini brain has limited neurons but what if that limit is all we need?
Very informative and easy to digest
3:54 Squid Game?
hey ted ed can you make a video about the letter h
The human brain is very complex, but i think they"ll grow it on the future to use as bio-computers to process infinite amounts of data and for storage too as well.
lol
My thoughts too. I have read somewhere about future bio/organic storage which is thought to be more efficient, less energy consumption, durable as can with stand extreme measures and microscopic in size. This was non other than a certain bacteria’s DNA.
Now imaging how extent can this lab brain go? DNA as storage, then instead of busses to connect with processors replaced with neurones and so on. Wow can’t imagine how many more break throughs will come out of this successful experiment.
Love these videos. Keep it up
Thank you TED ED it's really helping me
I thought the video is gonna be about me
What makes you, you and what makes me, me?
~Tane Octavius - Path of Exile
*None of you have ever heard of, much less read, "That Hideous Strength" and IT SHOWS.*
I can already see some writers begin writing horror/dystopian story about an apocalyptic world ruled by an overlord grown from a mini brain.
This guy: "Zica" (as in a disease)
Me: Oh. That was why Amy was mad at Hitchcocks perfume.
It is still possible that there is a conciousness
Wait uh
Are you talking about my brain
Kudos to Ted ed for very informative videos as always i just became one your patrons
Don't worry guys, if ever things go awry we can just call on Samus Aran to keep these at bay.
Welp i need a new brain because mine is sht
sitting on our shoulders is the *most complex* thing in our universe
by what definition? i mean if it's the number of neurons and neural connections, elephants have more.
Rena Cava elephants watch RUclips for sure, so intelligent they are!
you said complex, not intelligent .-.
If this advances further, then we could technically grow our own robo-humans, and then maybe an actual human.
Yes, the narrator said these brains don't have consciousness, but if I understood correctly, that's because we can't really make them any bigger or wire them correctly. If we made a suit capable of supplying everything a normal brain would need, then we could theoretically grow a mini brain into a normal size, although it still wouldn't be wired correctly.
However, if we managed to link up sensors that feed the brain info like our own (sight, touch, etc.), and hooked them up to the correct parts, the brain may be able to learn and realize what's around it. If we found a way to make the brains learn enough to be able to discern different objects and other such things, we could give it a robotic body and see if it begins to learn how to move around.
Even further in the future, if this succeeds, we could try to put the brain in organic body of artificially grown limbs (Which are already a science, although it's still evolving). If we manage to do this, even if it isn't that well done, it will spell out a future of artificially grown humans, and give us the possibility to make humans with bodies that excel in certain areas; for example, we could grow limbs that are stronger and more durable than your typical human's.
Basically, we could soon begin to grow super humans and make them fight robots for us
Thinking about this topic gave me a *head* ache...
Get it?? Ok, I’ll leave now.
That's not even a joke.
Yeah headache means "head pain" and watching a video about brains and saying that your brain hurts doesn't even make much sense.
Just a fact.
The Science Biome أى ىىخحه٦
As a visual person I really love this animation at best. It keeps pace with the subtitles the most.
I thought this video would be about controllers for specific body parts. I recall watching a ted talk on how a crab chews using less than 100 cells(Somewhere around 100)to control the jaws.
Just because the mini-brain isnt set up like our brains doesnt necessarily mean it can't think. I dont think it could develop consciousness the way we think of it, but it probably does perceive even if it doesnt attribute any meaning to those perceptions. Also 1 cm is not small for a brain, ants are fully functional organisms with complex behaviors and their brains are way smaller.
Video: ...will help us answer the age old question...
Me: WILL IT HUMAN BRAIN!!!
Video: ...what makes us human.
Me: aww dang wrong series