This Laser Turns Infrared into BLUE
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- Опубликовано: 5 июн 2024
- With powerful enough lasers, the world starts behaving very differently. Using a nonlinear optical process called second harmonic generation you can merge pairs of photons in a laser beam to create a single photon with twice the energy. This means that one color of light is turned into another.
In practice this is done with infrared lasers which when shot through a special crystal merge to form a color like blue or green depending on the setup.
The laser I'm using I got online for less than $100, but it contains a 2.5w IR (808nm) laser, and a 50-100mw blue (473nm) laser. The machine itself is also a decommissioned Raman spectroscope, which I'll be trying to repair.
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Наука
It’s a pretty powerful IR diode laser you’ve got going on - be really careful with reflections from your screwdriver. The blink and pupil reflex doesn’t work at the excitation wavelengths, so the first thing you’ll notice is permanent damage.
And I really hope you can get the spectrometer working! Raman spectroscopy could be very valuable for you! It’s very good at characterizing graphene, and its able to tell you in a fairly simple way if it’s really graphene, or just small pieces of multilayer carbon.
Raman (pronounced more like ramen, than rayman) was Indian, and showed the Raman effect before you had lasers!! I think that’s astonishing, really!
It allows you to probe vibrational states, instead of the electronic states you describe for the lasers. This means almost all organic molecules have a fairly unique fingerprint, with quite distinct, sharp peaks. (As opposed to spectroscopy in the visible range, which are very often a smeared, indistinct mess.
Well, you can just use some safety goggles... Yeah, they cost 200 bucks but that's a one time investment
@@eulemitbeule5426 do you need different type of glasses for every laser frequency? Like if you are working on this type of laser and you have IR and blue laser light, is there one pair of safety glasses that will block out both frequencies?
Typically yes, you have to have a pair for every laser color that you work with (red, green(+IR), etc). There are glasses that will block green/blue and IR light (because normal green lasers produce a crapton of IR), but the more wavelengths you block the less light gets through and the less you see through those glasses. So normally, you have a pair that blocks only the wavelength bands where the laser emits while letting the other wavelengths through so you have a somewhat decent light intensity.
is this not the same diode or led used on your remote control for the tv?
@@ARCSTREAMS No, the infrared LED in a TV remote is just a regular LED. Laser Diodes from my understanding work on a similar principle but they are far more powerful. Exploring the differences and how they work would make for an interesting video though.
Your channel is EVERYTHING I am interested in! :d Love it!
Ah the BW tek dpss laser. They were part of a dema-k quack medical machine. It was coupled with spectrometer which i found far more interesting then the laser itself. Ended up reusing the spectrmeter and the scanning cell but used other lasers. The optical train in the blue laser is a pump diode, a fast axis collimation lens, an anamorphic prism set to make the beam square and even diverging, then a focus lens, then the NdYVO4 resonator wirh the LBO crystal. Some had a little power sampler inside. These used to be common as dirt and cheap on ebay. Ive converted these to green 532nm at about 300mW, yellow-green at 561nm at about 90mw, Yellow at 594.3nm at 140mw, 1064nm q-switched at up to 800mw average, and lastly 1550nm q-switched at up to 1.2W average 🤓😎😁❤
Holy shit, a DIY Rayman Spectroscope? Yes please, I'd like one of those ;)
I feel like there is a way to make photon driven logic gates and op amps with this.
I imagine it's really slow and lossy, though, considering the accumulation involved. Maybe if we could find a new way to use those crystals
I have done a 1064 into a 532 using a KTP crystal with a handheld 3 watt (with eye protection); pretty cool to see the pretty powerful green beam.
That's what I was hoping for for this, but evidently I need a stronger beam, or better crystal.
@@thethoughtemporium i think what you need is another kind of yag that delivers 1064 instead of that 940
@@thethoughtemporium I know this is really late, but if you have a 1064nm CW source, you can focus it really tight with a short focal length lens, that will get your Irradiance level above the conversion threshold in KTP allowing you to use a less powerful laser. This is how they get away with it in green laser pointers. It's a standard 808 diode pumping a piece of Nd:YAG glued to KTP, because the diode emitter is so small the intensity of light is high even if the power output is low. There are other material configurations involving vadadate crystal as well.
You need more subs. Great videos and great personality. Keep it up. Very informative!
thanks :) glad you enjoy
Back in 2009 I bought 4 of those lasers for just $18 a piece as there was a large number of them available. Nearly impossible to find that model now, and when you do its expensive.
Awesome video. I also acquired this unit for the same price two years ago.
Kyber crystal :) for next test!
Curious to see if there is a difference in the pattern of the double slits experiment if you source is entangled?
so, polarization is simply a phase difference! that explains a great deal
Could you make a video on how to build a laser array? what to calculate, what to know. Would really love it.
I've read in paper that the aligned structure of collagen fibres can induce second harmonics generation and be imaged in vivo (mice) without any dye/tracer.
Apparently walking through an infrared laser pulse of high enough intensity, it will sometimes look green because the stimulaiton of photoreceptors by two photons of infrared light can sum to activate a green photoreceptor.
Bullshit! I looked into a powerful IR laser and now Im blind. I didn't see any green light was actually white and I heard noises inside my head then I only saw spots that expanded and clouded my sight. The doctor said I had stellate injuries that bleed profusely on my retinas and that they looked like gunshot wounds and he is not sure if I will get back my vision.
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That story was bullshit as well but is what someone would say if they looked into a laser powerful enough for two photon interactions.
This is crazy cool, please make more videos about it
cool explanation. 1 of my kitties loves my green laser, the other is scared shitless of it.
Thanks for sharing your knowledge 😊 I learned a lot from watching this ! Thanks 😊 peace from Welland Ontario Canada 🇨🇦
Glad you enjoyed :)
I am working on a microscope which looks at SHG in samples so I am somewhat familiar with this process but haven't taken nonlinear optics so I don't know all the details. The molecular asymmetry is necessary for SHG because SHG comes from even-order terms in the Taylor expansion of the material's response. If you think about charges being pushed around by the incoming electric field, the response mapping input field to charge displacement may be linear or nonlinear. If it is linear, no harmonic generation takes place because the charge oscillates (and re-radiates) at the same frequency as the incoming field. If the response is nonlinear, the re-radiated light may be of a different color, just like harmonic distortion in an audio amplifier. If the response is symmetric, then there are only odd terms in its Taylor expansion, and only odd harmonics are generated, but if there is asymmetry, there are even terms which produce second-harmonic light.
Potato starch granules are also SHG-active, but much weaker than crystals like KDP or BBO, so you'll likely need a pulsed laser to even be able to measure it.
I am also working on a Raman microscope incedentally. I'm excited to see if you can get the spectroscope working.
PPLN (periodically polled lithium niobate) is one of the most efficient SHG crystals with an efficiency of 80%, it needs a heater to work properly though. I am using PPLN to double a 1060nm OPSL laser to 530nm it works very well. if heated correctly, 200mw of 1060nm can be doubled to 120-150mw of 530. PPLN can also be used in DPSS lasers
@@suhailab3634 what’s up man. I see you everywhere. Really enjoying your recent laser content.
5:25 what does it mean for two things of different frequencies to be on phase? By the way, thank you very much for your videos!
It essentially comes down to that they need to have maximum constructive interference while in the crystal
I see...I understand now why it is so sensitive to the position of the crystal
Exactly. If the phase is off, the effect stops. The phase only needs to be matching while in the crystal. The rest of the time it doesn't matter. So it's local phase alignment, not global, if that makes sense.
The previous speaker told you all ready.
Additional here is a nice to know fact: If you somehow point to beams of different frequency on the crystal there will most likely always be a spot where the phases match (except the frequency is similar or the crystal is short or a combination of those). What you want is phase matching along the complete crystal. This may seem impossible because the speed of light in materials is different for distinct frequencies, but „the thought emporium“ already told about the special asymmetric crystals. Depending on the polarisation of the light the are different refractive indexes. This way you can send light with two frequencies on the same crystal and both have the same velocity just by polarising them in different ways. Of course you still need the correct alignment to achieve constructive interference.
Once again, Great video!
thanks :) glad you enjoyed
'This is obviously simplification'
as I sit paralyzed for trying to keep up. Lol, thanks for blowing my mind again!
A good video about frequency doubling animation is super! But here I have at 473nm 100mw, 50mw, 20mw, there are no such prisms in front of the IR diode.
Awesome video, also does the entanglement work with the cheaper crystals used in the video or does it only work with the BBO crystal?
Theoretically it should
The reason the asymmetrically arranged crystals have the type of the fact that you’re seeing is probably net charge distribution asymmetry.
Wow this is interesting. You are good at explaining.
thanks :) glad you enjoyed
where can i find decommissioned lasers ? i think my dentist has one but surely there must be sites where they are sold ,id love to have one of those optronics lab laser
What happened to the quantum entanglement video you had about this laser? Or the junk laser how to video? I had them saved and can’t find em now.
What do you actually need if you want high output with the most efficiency? In terms of how inefficient this method is. Obviously in the higher range of spectrum.
Great video, as usual! Curious what yuo use to create your graphics?
Just got after effects, so that's what I've been using. Before that I just used photoshop and the tools built into final cut. Glad you enjoy the videos :)
hi , can you make a videos about growing crystals , thank you
As someone who's helped create crystals for the DOE. It is an art form. You'll just have to try and try again, and record everything you do and the environment.
I have a friend who made laser crystals for some private company. He always talks about how many hours he spent getting the perfect polish on them to make them work properly. He said the same that it was basically an art form.
Will it run in singlemode blue color, if i power it down just above lasing voltage, to be able to make holograms?, with small green dpss it worked very well and stable enough.. just asking since i have a 15w module here
Interesting. Is there anything preventing you from just setting another system in front of it and doubling the frequency again, or halving dangerous energies like gamma radiation to wavelengths we can work with using optics?
I've seen a video that turns one into x-rays. But the explanation makes no sense.
fusion of light cool
You are awesome.
How you progressed to experiments with kyber crystal?
I remember hearing that there’s an issue with green lasers where if they get too cold they either produce infrared or UV laser light (I forget which) instead of what they’re supposed to and can be extremely hazardous.
Why does the temperature matter that much? Is it because it changes the crystalline properties? And is there a reliable way to prevent it?
Id like to see what colour a yellow laser and a purple laser lool slike when merged together
Just one question:
What is your Job?? I mean what do you work in real life? You make videos of Physics, Chemistry, Microbiology and biology something that combines it all
I recently bought one of these to mess around woth Raman spectroscopy. It lases right out of the box, but for some reason the light starts bright, stays there for 5 seconds, and then dims to being nearly invisible. Is this expected behavior? Do I need to take the unit out to get the full brightness continuously?
How can phases be aligned if the lasers are of 2 different frequencies? What if the wavelengths of the two precursor lasers are so different that two cycles of one wavelength can fit inside a single cycle the other? What kind of composition interaction would happen then?
They can't, unless the wavelength of the second laser is a multiple of the wavelength of the first laser. Even then though, you're obviously not guaranteed to have the phases align at impact. That doesn't matter though, the phase doesn't actually matter here. What matters is the harmonic matching.
So which laser goggles to use if you remove the cover for alignment? In the range of 473 or the 946 (both?) and what optical density?
the 946nm light isnt really a problem when you remove the cover, the 808nm light from the pump is way more dangerous
The hole module incl the powe rsupply looks to me like an argon laser head replacement. Has someone information on this?
The first blueray laser s were red ! put through a particular type ? Of fibre optic of a measured length ! Wound in a spiral like a butterfly tongue! The shorter wavelength enabled them to pack in more info on a laser disk / cd ! Back in late 90’s
I swear this video has been an open tab one of thousands on my phone for the last 4 years that I just got around to watching..., Where's the Wakefield accelerator video!!
Could you start with higher energy photons and end up with something like UV or even Gamma rays?
it is possible
There are 355 and 266nm dpss lasers that are in far uv
very interesting phenomenon, could the propierties of non linear crystals be used to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic solar panels by altering the sunlights spectrum?
maybe... but it'd probably be inefficient. That said this gives me an idea for something to try...... I wonder what sunlight looks like coming through one of these crystals.
You need high intensity em radiation to see the non linear effects. Normal sunlight does not contain enough energy.
lovely lovely vid
If you shot a green laser into olive oil it turns red inside the oil but the mean beam still being green when goes out of the oil. Maybe you can figure out a way to use the cheap olive oil to produce a frequency doubling laser pump.
This is a coincidence, I was on Ebay yesterday pricing Raman Spectroscopy instruments. :)
Good video and explanations. Looking forward to seeing more of your setup. Good luck.
Ya if I can make this one work, I think $60 wins for cheapest raman spec haha. Glad you liked the video :)
Can merging of different Laser frequencies work as well? Like if a Copper Vapor laser was shined into it could the Yellow and green beams merge?
Ya, it's just fiddely to do and they both need to be very high power or trapped in a resonant cavity. But it's fairly common in optics. Though at that point you can get other weird effects depending on how things are set up like passing the energy of one beam to the other rather than merging them. Depends on the phase of both beams and input angles and frequencies and crystal type etc.
Is it possible to combine Microwave photons in this method?
If you haven't already, look up photonic crystals and metamaterials... If you figure out how to make
and work with terahertz waves please publish and let us all know.
cool animations
thanks :)
I got a cheap green laser from China once that the crystal was misaligned. I could have easily burnt my eyes out if I hadn't thought to feel for heat from the beam.
That... sounds terrifying. Glad you didn't get hurt
Can you talk about MASERs (microwave lasers) and radio lasers in detail?
I've been saving that for some point when I build one cause that's the only way I'll be able to explain them properly. But yes I will at some point.
awsome
You are a badass not only because your a mad genius but also you patrol your "non-current" comment sections. If you don't mind me asking, How is the "How to isolate animal stem cell" vid coming along?
When you said the first laser changed the wavelength but not the colour it made my skin crawl. I'm not sure what you meant by that...
I think he was oversimplifying the process of taking the 808 diode to pump the electrons of the Nd:YAG crystal and then "converting" it to 946nm. Taking one IR source and converting it to another IR source. Poor choice of words in the video, but so is trying to use "color" when talking about optics, it lacks specificity
So basically you're pumping a laser with a laser.
Are you going to make a Wakefield accelerator with this?
Naw I'd need a petawatt laser beam for that. That's a multi million dollar project in and of itself. Wakefield accelerators are kind've out of my reach for the time being. There are some other small accelerator designs I've been looking at though, so maybe I'll try those first.
+The Thought Emporium
Now that I have. Your attention do you think that I could use a crystal like in the Video to shift microwaves from a mag natron to ultra concentrated inferred
Also it would be a microwave magnetron not a sputtering magnetron
No it wouldn't. You can do frequency doubling with microwaves, but at those wavelengths it's done with electronics, not crystals. Crystals are for the optical regime
what is the purple light?
So the electrons dont radiate any photons when they drop down a small energy level? And what do you mean colissions with other atoms, we know atoms dont really touch
They don't emit photons because photons require a certain energy to be made and only can be made when this energy is reached - this is the 'discreet package' part of quantum.
In terms of collisions it can better be described as the electron clouds of atoms are in close enough proximity for energy to be transferred.
so in the opposite one can convert ultraviolet into visible light if yes would it still be blue?
Depends on what frequency your UV has. I think the most common are somewhere arround 400nm, that doubled would be somewhere infrared. But afaik there are uv lasers down to 200something nm, those would end up in blue/green territory
I'll be using ~300-350nm so I end up with a red/infrared bit of light out. Going UV to blue would be hard. You'd need really high energy uv, and I don't want to be around when that thing fires. That's like a beam of cancer at that point.
Don't photons have mass? How do you make 2 from 1 in the uv situation you presented?
Mass/energy is conserved. Hence why the photons coming out are identical and at a specific wavelength. Same as combining them
The Thought Emporium neat I honestly can't prented to understand physics at a quantum level, I think I'll stick to things I can see and ride.
If anyone claims to, they're full of shit :P
Step 1 of quantum mechanics, forget anything you think you know.
You deserve more subs than what you have. Do colabirations
Wow... dude... how do you release energy without releasing radiation? :))))))
In the video I said that the energy is passed off through collisions and oscillations known as phonons. So basically heat.
If you go further with lasers always wear proper googles, it is frustrating because you cant see the beam but it will save your eyes.
I didn't show it on camera but I was wearing a nice pair of dark green laser glasses. Helped with the IR and blue light
Glasses are for PUSSIES
I train my eyes to be resistant to lasers every day by pointing a laser pointer in my eye. Explain that, atheists.
inferno yea I have done that for years and the energy of laser has build up in my eyes so I can shot now laser from them like superman
That's what I love about science too. All this stuff is there in front of us, but scientists are really good at getting down to the details.
why go through all this trouble? do we not have decent blue diodes?
We have, but not for a long time, they were the last ones to be discovered and the people working on them got a nobel prize.
Also: it may be just more convinient to use a multi- purpose/color laser, which can be made in greater numbers with its basic layout and components.
there are many reasons why one might choose a DPSS blue laser over a diode based one. for one it is easier to get a nice gaussian beam at high powers with DPSS as opposed to diodes. but here he was exploring nonlinear optical effects in about the lowest cost way possible. similar setups can be used to generate entangled photon pair like in the case of SPDC
5:00 Quick question is this similar to constructive interference
No. In basic terms, constructive interference takes the light that you have and makes it brighter by matching the phase of the photons, but the energy of the individual photons stays the same (you just have more of them). The nonlinear crystals he's working with here are more easily thought of in terms of energy, you take the energy of two photons and add them together, making a single higher energy photon and thus a shorter wavelength. They are different optical phenomena. This is not exactly correct, but it's close enough.
I heard you say Wakefield accelerator!!!!!!!
cool video :)
Thanks :)
Can you possibly make gamma rays by firing second harmonics into another second harmonics crystal?
you forgot its also super expensive
What the laser? I mean sure, new. But the unit only cost me 60 bucks because its "broken". And DPSS systems like this can be bought for far less. I bought a 500mw green laser for all of 20 bucks that uses the same concept.
where did you get a 500 mW dpss green laser for 20 dollars? did you verify the power with a meter?
1:49 what? nibidibbi atoms? why have i never heard of this?
Neodymium.
Try hatching an egg without a shell
Been wanting to for a while. I'll get to it eventually
DUDE LASERS LMAO
It’s pronounced “rah-men”. Just like the noodles lol.
Your gonna shoot your eye out🤭
4:07 that crystal structure hurts some part of me. It's so ugly!
Lol
Raman is a name pronounced 'Raa-muh-n' not 'Ray-man'.
Ah yes alien technology.