Xenotransplantation: When People Get Animal Parts
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- Опубликовано: 19 апр 2015
- How can we transplant animal tissue into humans? And will we ever be able to grow customized organs? SciShow explains!
Hosted by: Hank Green
Written by: Alexa Billow
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Sources:
www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v...
www.sciencedirect.com/science/...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11...
www.sciencedirect.com/science/...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...
www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v32...
www.madsci.org/posts/archives/...
ac.els-cdn.com/S0966842X110019...
www.hindawi.com/journals/jtran...
hla.alleles.org/nomenclature/s...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22...
Came back to this video today as I read a new article today that they tested a pig kidney on a brain dead donor body and it worked! It worked almost immediately and is a great start for more trials! We must praise the lovely 🐖
Very unfortunate that it comes from animal often considered as dirty by some cultures and religions.
@@2002ITLB why are you hatin' on me? I know. As I said, it's a shame it's from a pig.
@@2002ITLBbruh what are you saying? no ones stereotyping, sensitive over nothing
And while you're under the knife you could get an ink pouch to help you escape from enemies.
LOL
Morec0 Depends on your preference, I prefer hiding in my shell (if you ask them nicely to make it just a little bigger you can even store snacks in it!)
Drakan R Yeah, but then you have to worry about cleaning it, making sure the snacks don't expire. With an ink pouch all you have to do is squeeze it out every once in a while so that the stuff doesn't get overly sticky and gunk you up.
Morec0 POCKET SAND
I was going to comment on the viability of an ink cloud in air as a means of concealment, but I suppose if someone I was chasing squirted a jet of black gunk out of their backside at me, I'd let them go too.
buddy of mine got a animal valve as a baby, had to get it replaced 15 years later but is otherwise perfectly healthy. Pretty amazing.
Thanks to science 🧫!
I need a kidney transplant and that’s why I am here seeking information. Hopefully I get get a xenotransplant soon!
@@Lima547
Best wishes from Scotland.
@@Lima547 Best result for your health, Bro
I hope you get a new kidney and live a great life!!! And be healthy and have fun
@@Lima547 yes sir
I actually have had a pig valve in my heart for years & never knew the actual name of what the doctors did until this video. Thank you!
OH HANK, I'm so disappointed in your writers:
Did no-one think of *"And that's how Pigs could one day Save Your Bacon"* as an outro line?
they actually recently performed a full heart transplant on a 57 year old with a pigs heart. the guy survived for about 2 months before subsiding to cancer. the doctors say that the death was not related to the pig heart
My mom went through a valve replacement last year. Watching this video and understand a little better how it's done... it's terrifying and amazing. Science is amazing, and i'm so thankful for all the research that made possible the one surgery that saved her life.
For those that may not want a pig valve or may have religious objections to pig valves there is also the option for bovine (cow) valves. My mother had rejection problems with the pig valve and the doctors substituted a bovine valve and she went on to live for about another twenty years.
Wait, she died?
@@somebody_2837 Humans die over time. It's called aging.
@@chrismanuel9768 I thought she died of rejection of the heart valve, not aging.
I accompanied a friend to cardiology appointment, one of options doctor talked was mechanical valve too, but fecker is noisy.
just had my heart valve replaced earlier this year. it was interesting to find out the science behind it
I have cow bone in my jaw. That was a weird conversation with the dentist.
Tryo707 Wow, sounds cool. Why would you get that kind of transplant?
Genetic deterioration of the bone. Human bone would just get eaten away. Bovine bones aren't attacked.
Tryo707 Geez, sounds bad. At least the transplant worked.
Nick Nirus bone is dead and there is nothing in the area that can kill you instantly if you do something wrong, so i assume it's a relatively easy transplant, but i'm not an expert so i might very well be wrong.
Bone is alive
Dude if it saves thousands of lives i hope they continue this line of research, hell, i’d probably donate my parts to someone uncomfortable with having animal parts if it got to a point where there was almost no risk to me
Organ donation happens after you're dead, so no risk for you
Depending on the country you live in you need to fill in a form declaring your organs may be used after your death but that's it
1/2 man, 1/2 bear 1/2 pig.
Trevor Campbell That's a creature and a half.
Nick Nirus it's from southpark
Nick Nirus some might say that's a manbearpig
Trevor Campbell Don't you mean 1/3 man, 1/3 bear, and 1/3 pig
Crown clearly you don't watch south park
I wouldn't mind going around with a pig's heart or lung or something. Imagine the interviews:
"Do you have any special traits?"
"Yes. I am part pig."
"...what?"
XD
Kezajaws good joke until the xd at the end
It’s not 2007 dude
@@sojjjer XDDDDDDDDD
@@patstaysuckafreeboss8006 XDDDD
@@sojjjer Okay, Boomer
this made my day...
They finally did it! ❤️
THIS. THIS IS WHAT I WANT TO DO WITH MY LIFE. This is why I'm in school right now and studying engineering. One of my professors is doing research on this exact topic and I'm hoping that I'll be able to work with him on the research in the next couple years. Thank you for posting this!
Whitney Empey since you posted your “this is what I want to do with my life” comment 4 years ago, I’m curious to know how goes the engineering studies, are you still on-track for your life goals?
Same here. I hope that it's doing okay!
Love that passion, please for the love of god don't let the politics of academia destroy it.
ruclips.net/video/gNmaLcsEQ7Y/видео.html more about xenotransplantation, set to hard rock guitar!
They just replaced a man’s heart with a pigs. Long 6 years for you
I have no problem with a pig transplant if it means I'm alive.
I was just talking about this with my Dad today. Coincidence?!?! Yes.
And look at your name, it begins with Xeno. A coincidence?
Yes.
Xenolilly naaaaw, it was a mirecle from gawd
*****
No.
Coincidentally... no. I guess that's not a coincidence at all just a fact. Hank Green is not my Father. Cue Star wars music.
-Honey boo boo...Honey boo Boo!!!
-What?
-whate're ya gona tell them judges if they ask about your heart?
-I'll tell em my heart is sweeter than bacon child.
:D
Please respond to me I’m lonely
@@pugtato2196 Don't hug me, I'm scared...
So a face hugger just performs a Xenotransplantation
Charlie'sGayBand That pun was bad.
Charlie'sGayBand technically, it just lays eggs
Charlie'sGayBand I think that would be a xenoimplantation.
Charlie'sGayBand Actually, if aliens abducted you, took you to their planet, and forced you to grow crops... you would be on a xenotransplantation.
Lucian Willi *whispering* they are transgenic plants
"The downside? some people would feel uncomfortable" there you go people and their useless feelings.
"It is also quite expensive." oh alright now we are talking.
This video has taught me more than I have learned from an entire day at school.
thank you for making this video! This is a really cool subject. especially when one of my brothers works on genetically modifying pig embryos to stop them from producing genetic markers that alert the human immune system that the organ is not human. And another one of my siblings had an internship, where they essentially created kidneys for transplantation using decellurization (removing the cells of an organ and replacing them with the donors cells). Anyways thank you for making this, I enjoyed it so much. Thank you!
ruclips.net/video/gNmaLcsEQ7Y/видео.html more about xenotransplantation, set to hard rock guitar!
This should be on crash course biology because i have to learn this for my Bio alevel at school, great video btw
This is precisely what we're talking about in my life science & ag class right now. Perfect!
the title sounds like something out of alien vs predator.
Steven Wills acid for blood. I WANT ACID FOR BLOOD.
Steven Wills ability to grow back adult teeth
Steven Wills because the aliens are called XenoMorphs right?
Bob Miplace not just grow back, i want my teeth te be replaced every year or so so i don't have to brush them anymore.
Huntracony
That what sharks teeth do
Sooo what you're saying is: bacon is good for us?! Yay!
Hi Hank. HAPPY BIRTHDAY. I watch ALL yr shows from crash course to scishow to all yr other series. Thank you for all the shows. have a great birthday.
Christopher n Trisha (Singapore)
Wow. The good this will do when its been fully developed. Many people die on a waiting list. Talk about waste not want not. We could use the entire animal. I knew that pig hearts are similar to human hearts ( that's why we use them in classes) but I did not know that we were using their valves to replace human ones. Stem cells keep proving to be an awesome discovery. The possibility of growing our own spare organs is amazing. Doctors at the time of birth are asking mothers if they would like to save the umbilical cord for its stem cells. One day it may be that you can walk into a hospital needing an organ and the doctors can pull your stem cells from birth and start growing a new one and have it implanted. No rejections, little drugs, and no waiting lists.
Sounds like the possibility of Orcs happening, isn't zero.
man i'd be so much more comfortable with having chicken eggs falling out of me every month instead of blood and uterine lining
ruclips.net/video/Ec-aGnQXz4A/видео.html
My grandma got a valve from a cow inside her heart. She's still kickin' and sassy as ever lol
this kind of reminds me "The Island" the movie where there is a whole society of clones who live just in case their original humans ever need a transplant.
First pork chops, now a new heart to replace the one that was clogged by the pork chops?! Aren't pigs amazing!
I was expecting to be able to get gills or a tail.. Disappointed.
I want to get ears and tail
Mr. Spanky and I refer you to the end of the comment and my hand, because litteraly the so called bate has no hook to speak of. Laugh all you want, I'm here for honest talk and I enjoy it either way regardless of whether Mr. Spidiot thinks avoiding responsibility but repeating a psychological issue is even comically dignified. In fact, to reference an old (and albeit out of context) phrase, I can see and smell your dirty underwear from here, coward homophobe.
Mr. Spanky Got so say this is the most condensed immaturity I have ever seen. Someone bottle him up and send him to a scientist!
+Das Neko yup :3
Mr. Spanky
If that means I am not related to you then that is just another thing going great for me today.
Thank you SciShow for posting this video on the same day as my Transgenic exam, right after I wrote it. We had an entire lecture based on Xenotransplantation XD
I've been waiting my whole life for this sort of enlightenment.....one step closer to becoming spiderman.
Another way to solve the organ shortage: Make being a donor the default, and people can opt out of it, instead of the opposite.
Being a dead donor that is. Because people give organs while they're alive too. But i do want to be given away to those who need it if i die in good health. But i think most family members and loved ones deal with death bad enough that they shouldn't have to deal with the thought that the close family payed at least $1000 extra to get the poor fellow restuffed with cotton or something in the abdomen for the viewing to net disturb tbe guests. I'm not sure if it's possible to use stuff from the face or head, but for cosmetic thinhs like an ear i could imgine fir like a burn victim or sg. So the dead would be totally disfigured. I mean they won't mind now, but they'r lived ones might. That's why after they gave what they could to others from me i either wanna be cremated and spread, but my family has a tradition of putting the urnes in our family grave. There's my granma granpa, my dads ex wife, my granmas sibling i think and my sister. I feel weird about being a pot of dust sitting in a grave but tbh it might be beautiful if i can hang out with the others in the afterlife without mental illnes or diseas. I could get to know the sister i didn't get close to. My alive sister and i often eonder what her opinions would've been on certain things. So back to what i was saying either cremation or i saw a video of this thing a startup wanted to bring back. They would put the body in fetal position if possible. Put the body in a breathable sack the sack is multiple layer and in a little pouch there would be seeds sewn in. That way after they lowered you in a beautiful tree would grow above you. It is good for smaller children from your family understanding that they're visiting you. It's scary and grim for a child to be at a semetary where they most likely don't really understand. Your lived ones can come out and take care of the tree as they remember you. Sorry for getting way offtrack. So i like the idea of post motum donations.
@@juliakercsmar6587 During autopsy all the internal organs are removed and inspected by the medical examiner and then placed back inside the body or sometimes incinerated. At the funeral home, the mortician removes the viscera and places it in a plastic bag called a “viscera bag” and allows it to soak in the embalming chemical.
I expected seeing people implanting wings or something.
Silent Joe Shit, that sounds hype!
It would probably require a lot of body alteration to fly, though.
Silent Joe They'd need pectoral muscles the size of their torso and hollow bones. Doesn't sound like such a good idea to me.
Big wings needed
MrCakepuff Uh, why not?
Nick Nirus Do you see any six-limbed vertebrates around?
This one Olympic runner got his Achilles’ tendon replaced with a wallaby’s
Really? I googled that and couldn’t find anything at all.
Hi, I know in Boston they have engineered and installed new bladders for thirty women at McMasters university but I hear the progress is going slower on solid organs. They also have grown working mouse kidney's, not sure where.
I need a kidney myself but I'm O- and the wait times worse than comcast on a holiday:) There don't seem to be any effective treatments to keep kidney function going till a transplant can be found. Dialysis is damaging to the body and only a stop gap measure at best anyway. Glad Hank's bring awareness to the subject.Thanks.
When can I get wings?
***** Even with wings (big ass ones you'd need) you'd need the stamina, the new muscle tissue etc to use them. Then you'd need Stabilizers on your feet to keep you stable and control your pitch in flight, so you'd end up looking like this hideous massive human being with a 30 foot wing span that weighs over 100lbs and has muscle bulging from everywhere and winglets hanging off your legs/feet.
Or you could just get 2 little wings thrown on for visuals.
sacr3 I'll just have a Red Bull.
sacr3 Or go hang gliding/base jumping
How 'bout those Snakes on your head, Medusa?
Doctor Nefarious If they were dragons it might work.
You should also make a video about the auto-transplants, in some ways research is more advanced in this field. For those not familiar with the term, auto-transplant or auto-grafting means using the patient's own cells to grow replacement organs or tissue outside the body (in the lab).
As far as I know we can't grow whole hearts or kidneys yet, but for simpler tissues like skin or cartilage we're already doing if for some time now. A few years ago I personally participated in a cartilage auto-grafting clinical trial that ended with a complete functional procedure being perfected. I'm just a radiologist, so my contribution was negligible, but the clinical team is using this procedure to heal joint injuries ever since, with over 90% success rates. The only real problem remaining is the cost, even if it's cheaper than allo-grafting (transplants), auto-grafting is still pretty expansive compared to most classic alternatives.
My mom had a heart valve transplant ,but hers was bovine. I have heard that equine valves have also been used in some cases. These things never cease to cause me to marvel at modern technology. Thank you for the very informative Sci Show today!
love this episode :D
They will get outsped by 3D-printers
PETA would find a way and condemn this. They'd rather save a pigs life than a humans life.
MrWhataboss23 I don't think you mean "condone" based on your 2nd sentence.
MrWhataboss23 I think you mean "condemn"
That's enough fellas I think he understands he made a small and quite common grammar mistake
Petards, they're so retarded
Samuel Stormont You assume that English is the OP's native language? I think that Breyana1313 found a better and more polite way to comment on the troll's error.
My bf has a heart valve he’s had it ever since he was 16, and he’s 25 now, and it still going really strong.
1:17 me imagining HLA pulling out a light saber and saying *"you're not from here are ya?"*
Sounds like a good way to get extra parts like a tail. Furry anyone? =P
yessss!
Lemony Tail would probably get in the way a lot and make you unbalanced.
we already have a tailbone, but why no tail?
it was an add-on to the comment i already knew that, but thank you. (it was more of a rhetorical question)
I can think of plenty of uses for a tail so idk.
Wings would be nice, but unfortunately as primates we aren't built for flying.
okay, but when can i become part wolf
lol same here
I think this is by far the most amazing thing that I've ever heard! Believe it or not I am 34 yrs old and had never ever heard of XENOTRANSPLANT until I decided to donate bone marrow! This just blew my mind!
I am altogether impressed and surprised at the conversations this video prompted.
Way to go people keeping discussions civil and only hate ranting against "uneducated idiots who slow science down (or something along those lines)" instead of at a specific individual.
I can't believe I didn't see the puns coming.
Pigs work because of, bacon.
Error 404 logic not found
Tony Rx What are you talking about? There is perfect bacon logic to be found.
Pigs are awesome!!
mukkaar I love bacon and I approve this message!
Could you guys do an episode on Homosexuality? Or have you already? Or would it be way too controversial for what you guys feel like handling?
Xenotransplantation is a great topic. hope you can do more!
I'm liking the haircut Hank
People have issues with transplantation of animal parts? But what would you rather? Pig heart or die? Gosh.
Jessicaisrealawesome It works like this: "Well, all those people should just get over theirselves, and bear their illnes, it's unethical! How disgusting" -> *Moron gets ill* -> "Doctor please save me, what ever the cost, please please!"
Vegans...
I WANT CAT EARS/TAIL DON'T JUDGE ME
rannick10 I am, thank you. :3 I wouldn't even want them for furry reasons, I just think cat ears and tails are like the cutest thing ever, and having a tail would be great.
rannick10 Aaannd, what's the problem about not being a girl?
gustavo17pacheco I thought the same thing, actually. It's a little sexist to say boys can't have cat ears/cat tails or whatever. I personally think guys would look cute with them too. :3
Naomi Nekomimi I want to be a wolf
completely
unless it harms another fellow wolf
Me too
'not comfortable with pig organs in them' ooh yeah let me just die
Must...resist...yiffy thoughts!
if this becomes mainstream then vegans will be likeOMG THSI IS SOOO CRUEL SHUT IT DOWN NOW
Wyverngamer have you read the other comments yet? they're already here
Freezing Blue im not finding any
Wyverngamer Jason Klein 3 hours ago
I am 100% Against this. Genetically engineering pigs and slaughtering them for their heart? This is extremely sickening and masochistic to me, I would want nothing to do with this. I don't value my life as any more precious than any other animal's.
My sister is vegan and when my dad got his velvet from a pig, she preferred it to her father during when she was just 18
Human immune systems is so stupid.
Wayne Kosimoto Inject some viruses into your body! They will kill it for you. Warning: May cause death
HIV to the rescue!
joseph clisham More like AIDS to the rescue.
Your hair is on point sir!
I wonder what the cost of animal life is for this. All of the unethical lab experiments just to test this.
Danny O'keefe all i hear is bitching and whining
Freezing Blue Ditto most human lives are worth more than animals specially the two legged kind.
Danny O'keefe Sometimes the well being of many humans outweigh the death of a few animals. Its sad, but that is the reality in which we live. Besides, what other species on the planet has the potential to save life on earth and transplant it to other planets to ensure its continuation? To me, that is the ultimate goal humanity should be striving for. At least for now.
Danny O'keefe You have to ask yourself the question. If you or a loved one developed a fatal illness that could be cured by a drug or treatment that was developed through animal testing, would you refuse the medication and let the ill person die?
If you would take the treatment, then you justify animal testing. I'm not saying either choice is right or wrong, but when the decision is made personal, most people will accept the cost of medical experimentation on animals to prolong the life of a loved one.
Bob MiLaplace your comment is like Animal Farm but reversed (4 legs or wings = friend).
some day people will have to buy mass produced low quality organs because they destroyed their own with mass produced low quality meat. Kinda funny. feel sorry for all of those pigs however.
That is definitely possible but there might be other factors involved. Not all health problems are because of diet. There might be genetics, behavior and environmental causes for disease.
I’m watching this 3 years after it released, clicking on it because of a personal connection.
When my Father was first born they gutted him like a fish (his words not mine 🤗), cut out a chunk of his digestive system & replaced it with Pig parts. He spent the first six months of his life in hospital (his parents weren’t even allowed to see him 😳) then when he returned home he was fed with a spoon & couldn’t be held..... in fact a nurse came twice a day to change his diaper & check his bandages.
As my Father is a VERY private person & getting any information out of him is like pulling teeth (seriously, it once took me nearly an hour just to get him to tell me my Mother had left to get Groceries 😤), this Video offers me some insight.
How about we clone humans in a secret facility convincing the clones that there was a catastrophic event that wiped out humanity and when an organ needs transplanted to a patient we tell a clone that they have won a ticket to go on holiday but we actually harvest their organs...this would make an awesome movie
You need to go to an ISLAND to clear your mind
Or we just clone the individual organs and save the trouble?
killerklipz awesome movie indeed, I see what you did there (now if only I could remember the name).
How about no because thats a crime against humanity, the island sucked anyway
I liked The Island, it reminded me of Logan's Run.
I am 100% Against this. Genetically engineering pigs and slaughtering them for their heart? This is extremely sickening and masochistic to me, I would want nothing to do with this. I don't value my life as any more precious than any other animal's.
Jason Klein are you aware this isn't tumblr?
Well I don't care, if we weren't better than pigs we wouldn't be able to do it but we are.
Ethanwhitby123
Yes, dismiss a different opinion as tumblr instead of with a cogent rebuttal.
do you eat meat?
I assume you have a better way to deal with shortage of organs then
10/10 would watch again
greatest video i ever heard
I worked in researching this with kidneys for a time. It's a long ways from entire organs, but I was impressed by the powder they made from pig bladder tissue that human cells would actually move into! Used for healing war & burn victims.
Have they refined this treatment enough for it to be used on a regular basis for such terrible injuries? Burns are some of the hardest things to treat since the scaffolding is destroyed along with the skin cells and the risk of infection is huge. That's not to mention the terrible pain involved in the very lengthy healing process. I'd love to know more.
and i reask my question from 1 year ago... WHEN CAN SCIENCE GIVE ME BIRD EYES!!!
I had a porcine heart valve transplant in 2002.
really interesting!
Alpha Gal sounds like a superhero.
My grandmother was implanted with a bovine aortic valve. Her transplant lasted for several years, however I theorize that it ultimately led to her demise once it started to wear out.
I'm super excited that one day I'll get a new heart and it will be grown in a lab that's just TOO AWESOME but then again my heart isn't quite bad enough for me to require a transplant but WHATEVER I'M STILL EXCITED
Next thing you know, we're going to have our own version of Organ Inc. raising a hoard of pigoons...
I've had lymphoma so I could never be an organ transplant person but heads off to people who do because we desperately need them for patients
So this was put up 7 years-ago. Yes, a lot has advanced since then, but there's a long way to go. I hope we get to the next stage soon!
I'm imagining having a heart transplant from a pig or something, then serving said pig for dinner after the operation.
I'm a registered organ donor and I have told my family to let doctors have any part they want. That simple conversation with my family, whilst not the most comfortable, might save a life.
This just made me think of a weird slightly philosophical question: Say a person had a transplant from a pig or some other animal then years later the person was killed by someone who then ate just the part of the person that was transplanted. Would the murderer be a cannibal or not?
Yes because they killed and harvested the part from a human. It doesn't matter where it came from before that; a human is dead and part of them had been eaten.
reminds me of that one futurama episode where Fry traded his lungs for gills
I have seen this new way of removing the cells from the organs and leaving only the scafeling as they called it, I have to say this sounds like the next big thing as from the doctor's behind it clam its the new owners to be own cells there is no need for drugs to stop the body from killing off the new organ .
good vid guys I hope to see more follow up's O7
Hank!!! your hair!! it's different - I like it! 👍👍👌
good video, by the way.
LOL thats funny, I was just watching the episode of ST:next generation where Worf gets a new spine printed for him.
thought i would pause it and see what SciShow has been talking about
THE HAIR HANK, THE HAIR! I like it, it's classy 😎 welcome to the club.
Xenotransplantation has helped many people that couldn't get other human parts. Heart valves work even when the cells in it are dead. The process of being able to use more animal parts is slowly evolving. Most people are uncomfortable with the thought of having an animal part in their body, but if that was your only choice to live you would take it. If this becomes more researched it could help out in the medical world tremendously. I am for all for more research for this, if it will help save more lives then why not do more research in it.
I had the option to get a pig aortic valve transplanted when my first one mysteriously vanished. But since it was unclear what made my original fail and disappear, we didn't want to use a tissue valve. But when I outgrew the first mechanical valve, we had the same option again. Ultimately, I went with another mechanical valve because I had already dealt with it for 10 years with relatively no problems. But it is still really interesting and cool that we can transplant pig valves. Although, I do like showing off my really loud heartbeat. XD
Dear Scishow, I have two questions that have always confused the crap out of me:
1. What makes a relative a second cousin or once removed or any of that?
2. What the heck are lymph nodes?
As Churchill said, cats look at us from above, dogs look at us from below, but pigs, pigs look at us as equals.
This guy is so fun to listen to hahaha :D
I want to see a study comparing peoples thoughts/feelings on transhumanism or biomechanical enhancement against thoughts/feelings people have regarding animal organs in humans.
Well boys, we did it.
Happy 420BLAZEIT
Excellent explanations, well done. What is going on with human cloned organs and uses?
Um.... Before this video I got an ad for a "Paragonix SherpaPak"... which is apparently some sort of "cardiac transport system" and it was this weird container for an actual heart?? WHAT.
Hank, great video!! We are already doing it in the labs.....3-D printing onto a matrix to make organs!!!! It's a work in progress but it's not too far from being reality!!!!
Please do a video on the head transplant guy!!