Capacitors and its types!!..

#ElectricalTechnologyTamil
#Capacitors
#BasicElectricalComponents
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#Resistance and its types • What is Resistor and I...
#CAPACITOR:
The capacitor is a component which has the ability or “capacity” to store energy in the form of an Electrical field. Energy is stored in this field & may be returned by discharging the capacitor through a load.
Capacitor is one of mostly used component in electronic circuit design. It plays an important role in many of the embedded applications. The unit of capacitor is #farad (F).
#CapacitorConstruction:
In its basic form, a capacitor consists of two or more parallel conductive (metal) plates which are not connected or touching each other, but are electrically separated either by air or by some form of a good insulating material such as waxed paper, mica, ceramic, plastic or some form of a liquid gel. The insulating layer between a capacitors plate is commonly called the #Dielectric.
#CapacitorPrinciple
When we connect a voltage source across the capacitor, the conductor (capacitor plate) attached to the positive terminal of the source becomes positively charged, and the conductor (capacitor plate) connected to the negative terminal of the source becomes negatively charged. Because of the presence of dielectric in between the conductors, ideally, no charge can migrate from one plate to other.
So, there will be a difference in charging level between these two conductors (plates). Therefore an electric potential difference appears across the plates.
The charge accumulation in the capacitor plates is not instantaneous rather it is gradually changing. The voltage appears across the capacitor exponentially rises until it becomes equal to that of the connected voltage source.
#Capacitance:
Now we understand that the charge accumulation in the conductors (plates) causes the voltage or potential difference across the capacitor. The quantity of charge accumulated in the capacitor for developing a particular voltage across the capacitor is referred to as the charge holding capacity of the capacitor. We measure this charge accumulation capability of a capacitor in a unit called capacitance.
The capacitance is the ratio of the electric charge each conductor to the potential difference between
Types of Capacitors
1. Film Capacitors:
#FilmCapacitors are the most normally ready of numerous types of capacitors, comprising of a generally expansive group of capacitors with the distinction being in their dielectric properties. They are available in almost any value and voltages as high as 1500 volts.
There are two types of film capacitors, radial lead type and axial lead type. The electrodes of film capacitors may be metalized aluminium or zinc, applied on one or both sides of the plastic film, resulting in metalized film capacitors called film capacitors.
The film capacitors are physically larger and more expensive, they are not polarized, so they can be used in AC voltage applications, and they have much more stable electrical parameters.
2. Ceramic Capacitors:
#CeramicCapacitors are used in high frequency circuits such as audio to RF. They are also the best choice for high frequency compensation in audio circuits.
These capacitors are also called as disc capacitors. Ceramic capacitors are made by coating two sides of a small porcelain or ceramic disc with silver and are then stacked together to make a capacitor. One can make both low capacitance and high capacitance in ceramic capacitors by changing the thickness of the ceramic disc used.
They come in values from a few Pico farads to 1 microfarad. The voltage range is from a few volts up to thousands of volts. Ceramics are inexpensive to manufacture and they come with several dielectric types.
3. #ElectrolyticCapacitors:
These are the most prevalently used capacitors which have a wide tolerance capacity. Electrolytic capacitors are available with working voltages up to about 500V, although the highest capacitance values are not available at high voltage and higher temperature units are available, but uncommon.
4. Variable Capacitors:
A #VariableCapacitor is one whose capacitance may be intentionally and repeatedly changed mechanically. This type of capacitors utilized to set frequency of resonance in LC circuits, for instance, to adjust the radio for impedance matching in antenna tuner devices.
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