Hawker Hurricane | Rolls-Royce Merlin Powered Fighter Aircraft | Things You Might Not Know, PART 1
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- Опубликовано: 9 июн 2024
- Hawker Hurricane PART 2: • Hawker Hurricane | Rol...
The Hawker Hurricane was a British single-seat fighter aircraft manufactured by Hawker Aircraft, Ltd., in the 1930s and ’40s. The Hurricane was numerically the most important British fighter during the critical early stages of World War II, sharing victory laurels with the Supermarine Spitfire in the Battle of Britain (1940-41) and the defense of Malta (1941-42). Hurricanes served in all theatres of war where British forces were engaged.
The Hurricane emerged from efforts by Sydney Camm, Hawker’s chief designer, to develop a high-performance monoplane fighter and a March 1935 Air Ministry requirement calling for an unprecedented heavy armament of eight wing-mounted 0.303-inch (7.7-mm) machine guns. Designed around a 1,200-horsepower, 12-cylinder, in-line Rolls-Royce engine soon to be dubbed the Merlin, the Hurricane was an evolutionary development of earlier Camm designs, notably the Fury biplane fighter. A low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear, the Hurricane, aside from its clean lines and heavy armament, was a conventional design. Its wings, rear fuselage, and tail surfaces were covered by fabric, though the fabric wing-covering soon gave way to aluminum.
The first Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter capable of exceeding 300 miles (480 km) per hour in level flight, the plane had excellent flight characteristics.
Hurricanes began entering squadron service in late 1937, and some 500 were on hand when Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. Hurricanes bore the brunt of air-to-air fighting in the Battle of France (May-June 1940), and Hurricanes equipped 30 squadrons (to 19 Spitfire squadrons) at the start of the Battle of Britain. The Hurricane I, the version that fought the battle, had a maximum speed of 330 miles (530 km) per hour (though in practice, this could be as low as 305 miles [490 km] per hour) and a ceiling of 36,000 feet (10,980 meters). Slower than the Spitfire, the Hurricane fought at a disadvantage to the German Bf 109 in climb and dive but proved to be a potent bomber destroyer, the concentrated fire of its eight machine guns literally sawing Luftwaffe bombers in half on occasion. In addition, the Hurricane was a forgiving aircraft to fly; this and its wide-set landing gear minimized landing accidents. Finally, the Hurricane’s conventional construction lent itself to speedy repair of battle damage, and shot-up Hurricanes returning quickly to service made an appreciable contribution to victory.
Later Hurricane models exploited the Merlin engine's steadily increasing power to carry heavier armament so that, though it was superseded as a front-line interceptor by 1941, it remained a capable fighter bomber. The Hurricane II was built in two main variants, one mounting no fewer than 12 0.303-inch machine guns in the wings and the other mounting four 0.8-inch (20-mm) automatic cannons. Hurricanes were equipped with sand filters for service in the North African desert, tail hooks, and strengthened empennages for duty as sea hurricane carrier fighters. Fitted with underwing bomb shackles, Hurricane fighter-bombers served in North Africa and remained in front-line service in Burma (Myanmar) and India through the war’s end. Later versions were modified to carry launching rails for air-to-ground rockets; some had a pair of underwing 1.6-inch (40-mm) cannons. Perhaps the most bizarre use of Hurricanes was as “Hurricats,” launched by rocket-powered catapults from merchant ships on one-way missions to defend North Atlantic convoys from German patrol bombers.
Hawker Hurricane General characteristics
Crew: One
Length: 32 ft 3 in (9.83 m)
Wingspan: 40 ft 0 in (12.19 m)
Height: 13 ft 1.5 in (4.001 m)
Wing area: 257.5 sq ft (23.92 m2)
Airfoil: root: Clark YH (19%); tip: Clark YH (12.2%)[177]
Empty weight: 5,745 lb (2,606 kg)
Gross weight: 7,670 lb (3,479 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 8,710 lb (3,951 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Merlin XX V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,185 hp (884 kW) at 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
Propellers: 3-bladed
Performance
Maximum speed: 340 mph (550 km/h, 300 kn) at 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
Range: 600 mi (970 km, 520 nmi)
Service ceiling: 36,000 ft (11,000 m)
Rate of climb: 2,780 ft/min (14.1 m/s)
Wing loading: 29.8 lb/sq ft (145 kg/m2)
Power/mass: 0.15 hp/lb (0.25 kW/kg)
Armament
Guns: 4 × 20 mm (0.79 in) Hispano Mk II cannon
Bombs: 2 × 250 or 500 lb (110 or 230 kg) bombs
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Hawker Hurricane PART 2: ruclips.net/video/wTHgUqHe3NM/видео.html
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My uncle worked on Hurricane's in the desert for the Royal Australian Air Force. He was in 3 squadron.
I was told that spitfire pilots would make a excuse to land at his airfield as they wanted his tuning experience with the Rolls Royce Merlin Engine.
Aussie Jeff Moore
Good enough is good enough in most battles. Thanks for this fine video. I often wondered why Britain hung on to the Hawker Hurricane.
The poor lads who flew them wondered the same thing.
superb aircraft that we owe a great debt together with the spitfire it bought us our freedom
I'm so lucky to have flown both in my 38 years of flying, I preferred the Hurricane as it was easier to fly and had better vision but the Spit was a lovely plane as well
NOTE: The prefix "Bf" was an exclusivity of the Bf-109. It referred ONLY to the Bf-109, because it adressed the placement of the plant where they were first built. I guess in Bayersdorf (Bf), if I'm not wrong. It's an exception, for all the rest of the Messerschmitt planes were named by the standards of the time of using a prefix to remember its manufacturer; Fw, Focke-Wulf, Bv, Blohm un Voss, Messerschmitt, Me.
Umm .there was a twin engine bf-110 used during the battle of Britain,which didn't meet expectations.. later becoming a night fighter...never the less,it carries the Bf prefix....js
Correction: the company hast the Name "Bayerische Flugzeugwerke" ( bavarian plane factory). Willy Messerschmitt was the Ingenieur and constructor of the company. Therefore BF
Bavarian Feldcraft= Bf. They designed the plane I believe.🧐
@@edherman8169 ed, believe me , in Deutschland sprechen wir deutsch , Not english !
I came across a video on RUclips on this and even the Germans seem to use both Bf and Me randomly, and also both together. So it is understandable confusing.
Why is it never possible to talk about the Hurricane without dragging the Spitfire into the conversation, it`s like a boost and a put-down all in one go.
Why is everyone trying to rewrite history on the inadequate Hurricane. It was used in larger numbers in the BoB only because Lord Nuffield (Morris) delayed construction of Castle Bromwich factory, otherwise the RAF would have had more of the better Spitfires.
Big brother, little brother thing...
All one has to-do, is Note HOW MANY CONFORMED KILLS the Hurricane had Vs. (even using post-WW-2 sorties) the Kill Total for the Spitfire/Seafire. Only the BF-109 tallied more victories. But, I'd also add Tanks, Trucks, Trains, and Ships to the Hurri's Tally! After you gather That Data, the Spitfire truly comes-in second or-worse, for All Time.
@@ericbrammer2245 firstly, the discussion is about fighters, not attack aircraft. Secondly, all one has to do is look at the kill ratios from battles where both Hurricanes and Spits participated. At its peak competitiveness, the Battle of Britain, the Hurricane had the worst kill ratio of the battle. It was obsolete and the RAF knew it. It's ability as a front line fighter went down hill from there. Look how quickly the Hurricane was replaced by P-40s, Spitfires and other fighters. You data is absurd.
The first casualty of war is the truth, and after the war the powers that be won't admit that they lied. The Hurricane is one of those lies.
The spitfire had the name but Hawker hurricane and the men who flew the fighter
Did most of work but never got the recommendations it deserves
The Hurricane is recognized for being outdated. It had the worst kill ratio of the BoBritain and worst fighter metrics.
Very nicely presented! Looking forward to part 2.
Many thanks!
Hurricane is one if my favorite aircraft. What made it good for the battle of Britain was numbers and ease of repair. Due to greater number of available hurricanes vs spits, hurricanes shot down more aircraft during battle of Britain.
British jets always struck me as odd being American. But the Propeller planes of WWII were absolutely brilliant and beautiful in function and form. And boy did the lads know how to used them to great effect.
When Hawker's Sid Camm drew up the conversion of the 30's Hawker Fury Bipe to a Monoplane, he did every thing right that he could; the Allies refused to make a SOA A/C Engine comparable to the Krautenese DB 603 or 605. He was stuck with the same Carbureted 1060 HP old Rolls that WE also used....we're in the rear with the gear, no bombs falling on us, no planes attacking, and we have the moldy old rolls and 50 cal MGs thro' most of the war......Compared with the Grumman outfit, Camm's solutions were great...the Grumman engineers stuck a powerless F3F 1830 on the F4F Monoplane Conversion; but, even worse, they placed the One Wing Mid Fuselage, Leaving the Lousy Bipe landing gear in place. Camm firmly bolted a well designed wing onto his Hurricane and gave it a Solid Wide Track Landing Gear. Hurricanes shot down a Crap-load of Gitleru's Ridiculous Light Bombers. Grumman offered up the F8F Helllcat my Uncle flew off the Suwanee Escort Carrier in WWTwice as a belated apology. Apo-Logy NOT accepted-- keel-haul those rats.
The Hurricane had greater successes than Spitfires during The Battle of Britain. It was easier and quicker to build and maintain than the Spitfire. I know this because I had one aunt who built them in Kingston and one aunt who repaired them at RAF Benson, due to the fabric fuselage. The Spitfire had an aluminium build, which whilst stronger, was harder to repair and longer to manufacturer. The Hurricane was superior to the Spitfire as a perfect gun platform and also was used as a tank destroyer in North Africa. However, the Spitfire was a beautiful aircraft
The chap who said the Hurricane is wobbly is wrong, every appraisal I`ve come across said what a steady gun platform it was.
@@angelsone-five7912 there is a difference between dynamic stability handling and stability while firing guns. The pilot from Vintage Wings refers to dynamic stability, especially lateral in a climb since the Hurricane has almost no dihedral. It also has an abrupt wing drop in the stall, not a desireable quality during a turning fight.
There's much disinformation about repairs on the Hurricane. In March 1940, the RAF was concerned with the poor performance of the Hurricane and issued instructions to increase the boost of its Merlin III. The poor aerdynamics that slowed it down, meant that pilots often pushed the throttle through the gate to obtain that 12 lb of boost. The ones that survived and RTB had to be inspected and possibly repaired before being released for ops again. Very labour intensive.
Many simply did not return because the Hurri was so vulnerable , so the "patching of fabric" was only seen on those that survived. See the false logic from the erk's (rigger's) point of view about easy repair?
My favourite...
Hurricane MK.IIB for me!
That's the one I'd pick as well.
This Canadian bloke ain’t thatgood but it’s his opinion which I feel is poor
The lads flying them in Malta were happy to finally see the Spitfires arrive in March '42 where the LW had complete air superiority. Those boys had been on the verge of mutiny and Tedder had to send his Groupie to Malta to calm them down.
IIC (with four 20 mm cannon)
@@timmeinschein1061 Badar preferred the 303 bullet he said it was obviously quicker and was more effective rather like a shotgun I see his reasoning do you ?
During the Battle of Britain the Hurricane could match the Bf-109 for speed in a turning fight and could out turn it in a tighter turn if a bit slower.
sometimes it worked as a tug for th slow ME`s (:-)
LW tactics were to never engage in a turning fight. That changed when Goering ordered fighters to stay with bombers. Germans defeated themselves.
Hurricane is my favourite
Always my favourite, especially being the so called underdog.
The reason for the 1 white and the 1 black wing underside is that the British Radar covered only the approaches, and had very little if any inland coverage!
They had to rely on hastily trained (mainly civilian) spotters on the ground. Hence a very easy way to ID all RAF aircraft and assume anything else was an enemy!!!
Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW/Bavarian Aircraft Works). Willi Messerschmitt joined as a designer in 1926 and after lots of political manouevering became Chairman of the company when it was reformed as Messerschmitt AG (Messerschmitt Aktiengellschaft). The 'Me' prefix applied to all designs acquired by the RLM ( Reichsluftfahrtministerium = Aviation Ministry) after the new company formed in 1938 while the 'Bf' designation was kept for designs acquired before then. The Bf-108, Bf-109, and Bf-110 officially kept the 'Bf' designation throughout tge War.
Thumbnail: I like this re-design of Black Sabbath’s “Never Say Die” album cover.
Never turn your back on a work horse for somthing flashy
How significant was the Hurricaine as an expeditionary fighter/bomber/recon air asset. Easy to repair and maintain far from home, on land or sea.
The radial engine of FW190 and US models was more appropriate to this role than the highly strung Merlin.
Robert Copland worked with Cam.
The Hurricane lost out to being upgraded, as the Spitfire got all the attention and money. Shame.
Camm failed not only with the Hurricane, but again with his new interceptor, the Typhoon, both having very thick wings and high drag. Most people learn from their mistakes. He should have simply upgraded the Hurricane with a thinner wing and a proper Meredith radiator scheme. The Merlin XX was wasted on the Hurricane and should have gone to the Spit Mk.III, a 400 mph version that would have rocked the LW back on their heels in 1940.
There were no monetária tô do the both. They choosed Spitfire tô be the stalion and used hurricane as a beast of burden. The Stalion ride the Chevalier, Burden Best Strenghed all people..If you are reading this today is because British decisivo were right..
I wish people would say a month and year for denoting a time period. Not saying a season. It depends where you live, as to what season it is, let alone some parts of the world barely having seasons.
To be fair, when talking in english about WW2 fighter planes on the European theater, northern hemisphere with bloody well defined winters is the safe assumption 😊. I know that nowadays europacentrism is somewhat frowned upon, but historically thats where the conflicts generally started .
@@mark7321 What if fighting was mentioned in Singapore in the summer of 1942, then later you hear it say January? Then northern viewers would wonder what happened over 11 months. It is also imprecise., since there are three months in a season.
@@kentl7228we're not stupid, we understand northern/southern hemispheres. My brother in New Zealand having a barbecue Christmas dinner around the pool because it's summer there while I was freezing my tits off in Britain.
@@howardchambers9679 Yes, but what about equatorial countries? It is just faster to say June 1942 or whatever, and be done with it )
👍
In Finnish Airforce had ten Hurricanes at whole war era they got 5.5 air win. The Morane Saulnier MS 406 was better, but suffered technical flaws.
12 Hurricane MK1 and one war booty MK IIb. One MK1 crash Norway before reached FInland.
HC-452 are still exist.
Poland had ordered both Hurricane I and MS 406 for evaluation prior to Sept. 1 1939. The first Hurricane I was supposedly at the pier in Gdynia on Sept. 1. All knowledge of what happened to it was lost.
Poland also was doing advanced testing on their own modern low wing monoplane the PZL P.50
Jeez, even the Fokker D21 did much better
@@zenger74 World record. 6 bombers down in 4 minutes by D21. Nearly same top speed.
@@jarikinnunen1718 the Finnish pilots made better use of them than the Dutch airforce, ironically
all that hand fabrication and assembly… it’s a wonder they even finished the prototype, let alone supply an entire air force in quantity.
fighter on fighter engagement for the battle of britain was slightly in the Germans favour
Pretty sure the Mk2 Hurricane never mounted 12 !!!! Maachine guns ... lolz
It looks so old and ungainly - like a biplane with the roof (upper wing) removed for maintenance.
In reality the Hurricane (being less able than the Spitfire) concentrated on attacking the bombers, while the more advanced Spitfires attacked the 109s.
But the “Battle of Britain” is somewhat of a myth. Britain was saved from invasion, not by the so-called “Battle of Britain” air battle, but by the Royal Navy which was immensely more powerful than the German navy. As the earlier Norway campaign proved.
There's truth in the RN sea power, but the germans were never going to invade Britain in 1940. Their strategic goal was always the resources (esp oil) and expansion into the USSR for the german people.
@@bobsakamanos4469they didn't have the means to pursue a successful Sea Lion .
Even if they had air superiority, the RN would have had a field day . The Kriegsmarine knew this , and were mightily relieved when Adolf got bored and looked Eastward.
@@user-qq2vq4fv8b the fake invasion certainly was used to fool the Soviets though.
@@user-qq2vq4fv8b the fake invasion across the channel was certainly used to fool the Soviets though.
@@user-qq2vq4fv8b the fake Sea Lion was just a show for the benefit of the Soviets - a prelude to the attack on the USSR and their oil fields.
Hurricane " sharing victory laurels with the Supermarine Spitfire in the Battle of Britain (1940-41) and the defense of Malta" ???
I can tell you with authority that the Hurricane pilots in late '41 and early 1942 were on the verge of mutiny because their fighters were so outclassed by the LW (109's) and in 1941 by Italian fighters (202's).
The pilots' morale soared in March '42 when the first Spits arrived.
English pilots said the hurricane was a easy aeroplane to fly perhaps this Canadian just is not up to it
Finnish pilots said, that Hurricane was easy to fly, but it was like there be rubber band between stick and control surface.
Well it’s like cars or anything mechanical. Some can operate them without a problem and others find it a nightmare. The way of the world 🌎 isn’t it
It's all relative. Fighter pilots always preferred the Spitfires.
@@bobsakamanos4469 like all things it’s horses etc
@@philipwelsh1862 Never did a Spitfire pilot say he rather have a Hurricane. Even the female ATA pilots snubbed it. The germans said it had "lazy ailerons". The pilots (that survived) in Malta almost mutinied because it was so outclassed.
Would be withdrawn from the Far East and Pacific. It was getting outclassed and shot out of the sky. Hagigrapy and cheerleading ended in the late 50s. Thanks!
Exactly. It was outdated as a day fighter by end of BoBritain. Made a good night intruder though into france where it didn't have to dog fight..