How Do Bikes Stay Up?
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- Опубликовано: 29 июн 2015
- Thanks to littlebits.com for sponsoring this video - use promo code MinutePhysics for $20 off
A HUGE thanks to Wren Weichman (@wrenthereaper) for helping with the 3D bike animation, Michael Aranda for drone photography, Pavel for dowsing and Melissa for helping crash bikes.
Bike references mainly from:
bicycle.tudelft.nl/schwab/Bicy...
• Why bicycles do not fa...
And thanks to the following Patreon supporters:
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Created by Henry Reich 
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Wow, those marker drawings have gotten incredibly life-like.
Nhan Hoa Le Guy that doesn't get friendly sarcasm spotted! Wow! Wew! No one cares!
Horza Redfield He even deleted his comment, leaving mine as mysterious
ThisIsTaco1 Well what did he say anyway?
"hater spotter! wow! wew! no one cares!"
-Nhan Hoa Le
(including the spelling and grammar mistakes)
ThisIsTaco1 Good. Keep this comment up. Let everyone see their stupidity. And you, mate, kudos to you.
I love these types of videos where the concept is shown in a real world object rather than only pictures. Awesome vid.
cjua2803 I liked the fact that it was about bikes :)
Lol I just saw you on an iTwe4kz vid
+Bacon.Is.A.Good.Calory.Source I like bacon.
+cjua2803
to be fair, a lot of physics stuff is hard to do hands-on :P
Hiw do ypu know just becaise the front wheel turns to the left that the rest of the bike won't follow suit and turn and fall to the left too?
Blimey. Never thought about this before. Smashing video :)
Mumbo Jumbo Hi Mumbo :D
Mumbo Jumbo Ermahgerd Mumbo watches physics videos!!!!!!!
Mumbo Jumbo Always love seeing youtubers I watch regularly commenting on other, unrelated channels :)
Mumbo Jumbo i got confused for a moment seeing your comment here. i got used to see it under minecraftrelated stuff that i never expected to see it elsewhere. :D
Mumbo Jumbo i got confused for a moment seeing your comment here. i got used to see it under minecraftrelated stuff that i never expected to see it elsewhere. :D
no bike were harmed in this video.
ROG ROG ROG
AlexandreHimself LOL
AlexandreHimself Grammar rules were harmed making this comment.
im french sry, where is the fault ?i can see it. Thx
cant
I'll never be able to ride my bike the same way again
(meaning I'll be staring down at all the physics magic and probably crash into something)
+Archit Bhonsle just click him and check his subs
I am hoping you will put a video up for that 😀😀😀
I saw another explanation of about this. It is a different way.
ruclips.net/video/WdROgcWPqi0/видео.html
Wow, after many years studying how the universe works and other complex subjects I just learned that something as simple as a bike is way more complicated than many of them. Thanks for reminding me that some things we take for granted can be the most challenging to understand.
So we can figure out electron orbitals, special relativity, and determine the first few seconds of the universe, but we can't figure out bikes.
Excellent.
Whoever made the modern bicycle was a true genius.
+Adnan Bhuiyan there where a bunch of people involved. But it really does show the power of trial-and-error.
+DFX2KX An understanding of physics isn't necessary when you can just keep trying until you don't taste asphalt. I love that something so simple still confounds even the most understanding of minds. It means we're still learning, still discovering. We get that atoms, once a mythological component molecules, which were once a mystery of cells, are just another piece of the puzzle.
Now we're talking quarks and gluons, but who is absolutely certain that these are even the true building blocks of matter? Maybe there's something smaller. Maybe even the planck length is larger than the smallest we can get? That's what's exciting about real science. We get to where we think things have reached the limit, but later science proves us wrong.
I really hope that, within my life, quantum effects will be proven effective only to a certain extent. I want to see science as I understand it debased and ridiculed because discovery is glorious.
Maybe the LHC is the ultimate discovery of science, but maybe, and hopefully, they are the falling apple to Hawking's singularities. I hope that someday soon, we'll realize that "wormholes" are just expensive shortcuts to our nearest stellar neighbors and that the future of science makes current researchers frustrated. That's the real hope of science: That we can never figure it all out. The quest is more important than the understanding.
Discovery is far more exciting than understanding, and I doubt anyone would argue that. A complete, unified understanding would lead to boredom. I hope that we, as a species, never understand everything. We're a curious species, and understanding it all would destroy us, culturally. I hope we can never fully get the universe, but rather understand it as best we can to explore.
We're a curious enough race to detonate nuclear bombs in Nevada, despite the very real theoretical possibility that we could ignite our atmosphere with these extremes . I think we're curious enough to find out whether quarks are the ultimate baseline of our reality, or just another step.
I, for one, remain skeptical. We thought molecules the base, then atoms. Now, subatomics are our baseline? I call BS. The Planck length was once our limit, but why do we limit ourselves the way we always have?
The reality is, maybe quarks and gluons are our lower limit. Maybe we've hit the lower possibility to read our universe. Maybe we have more to go. I'm sure that at some point, scientists concluded that optical observation of atomic particles was the smallest things got.
Maybe the LHC isn't going deep enough, scientifically.
Maybe we're beyond what we thing we are already.
Maybe we'll see with science moving forward faster and faster each generation. I want to see next generation showing that, for quantum understanding, our current physics work, but at smaller scales, it's just a crap-shoot.
Science as we know today is pretty solid, but who's to say that the calculations that land us on Mars is enough to get us near the closest star? Maybe there's more to it. Maybe wormholes work in a different layer of physics. Maybe we only get what we get now, and we're Newton's answer to the future.
We get what we get, but that is not enough.Science is awesome, but the most beautiful part is that we know we're not perfect. Someday, someone even more brilliant than Stephen Hawking will come along and we'll see far deeper understanding. Until then, we ship rockets off using Newtonian and Einsteinian physics. They work, for now. In all practicality, that's all that matters. If we can get a group of Astronauts to our nearest planetary neighbor, who cares?'
To conclude, our understanding is plenty. We get that what we know is smaller than what we could know, and that's great. We need to realize that we have a long road ahead. This means we won't give up. We need to keep fighting for more understanding, and that's a good thing.
Someday, cargo ships will be filled with questions about quantum teleportation, but we'll still be sending people off to the asteroid belt for riches.Still, the question will be "are Higgs Bosons the ultimate small particle?"
The answer will probably be "no" someday. For now, though, the answer is "yes". We need to work on understanding that and moving from there.
I hope we find something more soon. We're the only sapient species we know of so far, s it would be good to keep trying..
Dragon Xero Beautifully written, and I agree wholeheartedly!
+TristanBomb But we still can't get electron orbitals either...
In Soviet Russia, the bike rides itself
***** Totally appropriate comment.
***** so you're saying this video is false information and the actuall explanation is russian magic? ok, moving to russia asap
Saifthebest01 ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Bart De Bock It's soviet not russian.
Also: In Putin's Russia, there is no bike.
***** Yes, there is Topol-M.
Damn, finally a really good video on actual physics. This is what I've wanted to see on this channel
bassisku Yea this channel never did physics videos before! Finally, actual physics!
bassisku I totally agree.
Actually, (almost) all of this channel's videos are on physics, what you call "actual physics" might refer to classical physics or mechanical physics, but that doesn't mean that the expansion of the universe or quantum mechanics aren't physics. Just to point that out, no intention of being offensive here ;)
bassisku Hate to break the news to you but physics is in full force 100% of the time. No pun intended. It's more than just about what you are required to learn in high school.
Tofofoso I'm not talking about modern physics. The last 4 videos on this channel weren't focused on physics:
"How To Detect A Secret Nuclear Test" - The physics presented is trivial. The video is more about international politics than anything else.
"Upside Down Mountains in Real Life" - This one is ridiculous. It's just a clickbait without any meaningful physics or mathematics.
"Why Raindrops Are Mathematically Impossible" - Another clickbait. Tries to "prove" raindrops are impossible by using wrong assumptions. It's just another version of the bumblebee argument.
"How to Subtract By Adding" - It's about math and (secretly) computer science. No physics at all.
My Bicycle just got a Beer from the fridge and is now going out for a ride to pick up some sliders
Exactly what I was looking for - I’m trying to build a motorised bike that can stay upright when moving the same way a push bike does and this was exactly what I needed. Cheers!
I loved watching this bike ride itself. Thanks Henry. You should also talk about how the unicycle and segways are possible to ride. (I've vervet ridden either of them.)
Bikes stay up because unlike living things they do not need sleep.
Actually, I knew a bike that fell asleep.
It was two tired to stay up.
No one appreciates how satirically deep this is. This is god tier meme taste.
@@ConjointVR we are, were making jokes out of it lmao
But how does this explain the 3 flat tires I got last week?
BestServedCold May want to ask the jerk who keep throwing nail in the road about that one.
Ciccarello also it is almost always in the rear tyre, because the front tyre just flicks it up for the rear to get the tip, lucky really as a flat front is far nastier than the rear.
Paul J Interesting point of view.
Ciccarello the result of 45 years of motorcycling in / around London.
BestServedCold there is actual a very easy explanation to it. but before i start i have to say that i am already very tired, because i didn't got much sleep last night. even though and against better knowledge i am still awake and commenting under youtubevideos. funny thing is i will have to wake up early. yay! And you have read so far to learn about the cause of flat tires, but i am not gonna tell you and leave you unable to sleep the rest of the night anxious about my answer. Ha! Take that!
I was literally thinking about this the other day, and that was a great explanation as to why it works. Great video
I love all your channels! You always have such cool & interesting videos.
I knew this, but not in your physics terminology. :-) Great video as usual.
I always enjoy your videos! I just have a couple things to add that might help people search for more info on this. In the motorcycle industry the angle of the steering axis is called rake. The distance from the front tire contact patch to the steering axis is called trail. changes in rake and trail are pretty well understood in the motorcycle industry because it uses different variations in steering geometry to produce different handling properties for different styles of motorcycle. Might make for an interesting follow up video:)
keep up the awesome work!
I love this kind of thing. Simple machines that are easy to understand, but no one knows how they work. Brilliant video; very well explained.
I've searched for this answer but have never seen such a comprehensive explanation. Thank you!
Clearly it's alien technology, moving on...
Normal people: It's a combination of physics not yet completely understood.
The History Channel: the only explanation is aliens giving human a magical technology to keep up a clearly unstable system.
Kitty Kerman if not aliens, then it's obviously ghosts...
Richie Godsil If not ghosts, then what?
Richie Godsil m8, it was god, duh.
Richie Godsil Nah man, reptilians. They are everywhere:O
Enjoyed this more than the Veritasium vid that brought me here.
I've seen other explanations of this but I think this one is the most clearly laid out that I've seen. Thanks!
OMG this explanation is actually greatly thought and well exposed and so correct! Giant Thumb Up for you!
Wow!!!
One of my childhood question only answered now. I always felt that the angular momentum isn't the complete answer.
Thank you so much :)
I watched this explanation in scishow! :D
KL Havoc/Pyrex92 Really? I must have missed that one. **Goes off in search of redundant SciShow video**
It was in a SciShow Talk Show episdoe. The most recent one I believe.
KL Havoc/Pyrex92 I did too but didn't quite understand it on there, this video really helped me to understand the phenomenon better. I guess I needed the visuals.
Same
Silvrix Magenta Honestly I understood it better there.
hey! I love the formulas in the video. it's brilliant.
for people who don't understand them, it's just some crazy but nice looking blabber, but for people who do have an idea it means the world.
seeing this really help me understand better.
I've wanted to know this for so long. Omg you don't know how happy I am to finally know. Seriously, I am so happy. Thank you!
I love it! There is so much we know about the world, but sometimes the seemingly simplest things allude our understanding.
I'm now imagining a bike as a sentient being. shit
everyone that bikes a lot already does
As someone who rides more than 3 hours a day on the trail, I can tell you there were times when my bike corrected me from crashing into rocks and obstacles. I was amazed initially but now im just used to bikes taking control once in a while.
***** no, u
That is one of the most comprehensive videos about this topic I have seen to date.
Such a seemingly simple idea yet so many unknowns. So much more goes into riding a bike than you think. Awesome video examining the factors and debunking the misconceptions!
You know, I understand general relativity. I love videos on paradoxes, wormholes, time travel and such.
A video on bikes blew my mind.
Great work MinutePhysics. Great work.
SonicRooncoPrime How much of GR do you really understand?
Enough that I'm not lost by any videos I see or discussions I take part in.
SonicRooncoPrime So you mean at the popular science level? Most physicists would say that you don't really understand GR unless you can at least solve Einstein's equations and understand most of what is in a textbook about it.
For example: xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/gr-qc/9712019v1.pdf
In the abstract it says: "... introductory general relativity for beginning graduate students in physics".
I've started reading that. I'm liking it so far!
+Wood Croft Is there a difference between the *principles* of GR and the *mathematics* of GR? For example, I can understand air resistance without knowing that F = 0.5 * C * rho * A * v^2 . The equation gives me a quantitative understanding of air resistance, but it doesn't provide a qualitative understanding. My favorite qualitative description of GR is: "Stress (mass, energy, momentum, fields) tells spacetime how to curve, spacetime tells stress how to move." Do I understand GR yet?
2:34 correction: the steering axis lying in front of the point where the wheel touches the ground also is reversed because of the way the bike moves. you can see this by pushing the bike backwards at a low speed to eliminate the gyroscopic effect and the bike still remains unstable.
That doesn’t change. It only matters that the point touching the ground is closer to the centre of the bike.
awesome. I always thought it was strictly the gyroscopic effect that kept it upright.
Great vid!
All things we knew so far were destilled in this moving picture (with sound!).
Good summary - including the things we don't know for sure. Great!
But which is the better song about bikes: Queen's "Bicycle Race" or Kraftwork's "Tour de France?"
This Exists Sons of Science "Motherfucking Bike"
This Exists As long as you don't count Flobots "Handlebars"
Don't forget the "Pushbike Song" by The Mixtures!
God I fucking love you!!!
And God loves you!
I don't think that's what they meant...
drink15 No I don't. I hate cats.
1Ewery1 Nah man, he definitely meant God is the one he loves
A Cat God loves you two
Big return to form, this one. Really enjoyed it.
I just love your vids, quality never drops and it's always interesting :D
The gyroscopic effect involves Angular momentum! lol :)
There has been test with wheels that counteract the gyroscopic force created and the bicycle still stays stable.
Citation: ruclips.net/video/YWsK6rmsKSI/видео.html
Yes why on earth is thst funny at all? That's to be expected..
No bikes were harmed in the making of this video.
Love seeing my home town featured! Great video in general too!
Wow what a video, I would've never thought. Thanks for sharing this, I learn something new every day
What About DOUBLE DECKER Buses?
How do They stay up?
It has 4 wheels.
Hypnos www.nwbus.com/inventory/photos/DSC01026_6.JPG
Hypnos Better yet: www.bellinghamlibrary.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Magic-school-bus.jpg
Cheif Wolf Magic, didn't you know?
Cheif Wolf it's two bikes, side-by-side, welded together...pheesh
Hey we live in the same city. I never realized that :P
Thank you very very very very much for this video.
Keep up the amazing work!
This movie makes teaching child riding bike a lot easier. Just show them that bike rides itself with speed applied to it. Makes them understand how easy it is. Great vid!
Bike Physics is already hard AF, imagine rocket physics...
If you think this is hard, then yes
Nah. Rocket science is easier than this.
Wow, I think with this video you may have inadvertently made the best explanation of counter-steering yet. Basically, to turn a bike round a corner you steer the handlebars very slightly the other way to cause the bike to lean into the corner. It's just the inverse of the rider less stability scenario, and follows all the same principles.
If you steer the other way bike is going to lean to where you steer. You body though will keep forward momentum so it will shift balance to other side. So you naturally turn the wheel back to keep balance and make a turn. Alternatively you can turn the wheel and tilt your body to the same side and make a turn without counter-steering. Centrifugal force helps you out of the turn anyway.
Great video, they're getting better with every single one!
Awesome video Henry! Many thanks!
Here from Veritasium :)
Are you kidding me? Science doesn't know what special combinations of variables make a bike stay up on its own? Well that has to be solved!
That was really good, thank you for creating that video!
Something as seemingly simple as a bike can put the physicists to a test. Mind blowing.
Well that was 100 times more complicated than I was expecting :P
I totally want to go send my bike after random people now
Such a simple, yet completely intriguing video. thanks!
This is awesome Henry!! But I definitely came to see those drone shots that Michael did XD
i lige benis
From Veritasium ?
Yass
Yass
WOW! That was an amazing video about such a "simple" question!
Thanks!
Very interesting and well explained! Thanks!
I did not know that bikes can ride them selfs
I bet all those sciencey scribbles were legit and related to the topic, huh?
Would be cool if they were but I saw lamda which I think is wavelength.
Aaron Cameron @3:06 you can see lamda being defined as the steer axis tilt.
adoboawesome yes
Jermain Wallé ahh yes. Good catch.
Aaron Cameron You can define whatever with whatever letter ot symbol you want as long as you state it first so others can interpret your results.
Thanks for talking about a bike as a feedback control system. I earned my living working on industrial process feedback controllers, and this all seemed very familiar. Now we are ready for a video on how one uses these concepts to make a bike take us where we want to go, as well as to balance.
Excellent stuff, thanks.
"VERITASIUM"
But how do people ride their bikes without hands?
SentinelPrimek Steer via moving bodyweight, the way you lean, the bike will follow
zammer990 That's how I do it, another thing to not is the thickness of the tires, I have a much easier time keeping balance on mountain bike tires Vs. road bike tires
SentinelPrimek you move your body weight, if you can do it usualy your body does it on its own. when i do it i dont think about it at all :)
SentinelPrimek When I do it I steer with my legs, somehow.
ALAKTORN Same... It's much harder to shift your weight fast enough on a BMX, so I just use my legs :D
Classic minutephysics video, loved it
One of my favorite videos!
0:08 Bikes can ride themselves LMFAO
They stay up lol
the whole video is about that fact?!
look mom no human
uhlus lmao
lol
That's really cool!
Thanks for this recap of bike physics. Just the visual cues I needed to start thinking about it.
I wonder how stable SmarterEveryDay's reverse steering bike is. It would have #1 and #3 working for it, but #2 is reversed... I think that's right...
..Magic
This is fantastic and very interesting! I love the animation too!
i just noticed that this video was filmed in Missoula, MT! Awesome vid!
Angular momentum and gyroscopic precession are critical to keeping a bicycle balanced. To see why this is the case, see what happens if the brakes lock the wheels in place while the bicycle continues to move forward by skidding along the road.
Eugene Khutoryansky Perhaps a better test would be to put the bike up on another set of wheels (skateboards) that allowed the regular wheels to spin freely, spin the regular wheels, and send it off. It seems like angular momentum plays a part the question is how big a part.
Eugene Khutoryansky guess you missed the part where he mentions a design for a stable bike with the angular momentum component removed?
Eugene Khutoryansky I don't buy that argument. Any moving vehicle (train, car, bicycle) loses control when it transitions from it's usual no slip rolling friction (which is actually static friction) to skidding (kinetic friction). You wouldn't say a loss of angular momentum or gyroscopic procession is what causes a car to skid out when it loses traction. The same thing is important in a bike, the nature of its interaction with the ground is really important in staying stable (as Henry showed). Skidding a bike vs rolling it changes that interaction immensely.
Based on your conjecture, you could lock the wheels of the bike and then attach two similarly spinning objects to the bike that aren't contacting the ground and it would stay upright. I haven't seen it done, but my hypothesis is that it wouldn't work.
Gary Ermann There are two different issues. One is the loss of control over the direction of motion, and the other issue is the bicycle falling over on its side. Although the car losses control of its direction when it is skidding on a slippery surface, it does not fall over on its side.
***** The fact that there are other components contributing to an object's stability does not mean that gyroscopic precision is not one of the significant contributing factors.
Note to self : dose not work on bmx :(
I was wondering about this all day, Thanks!
Thanks yet again Henry!
this is how you ride and turn with no hands
This is how you ride and turn with no human.
Comment Section: 60% dumb bike jokes, 20% people questioning the physics of this, 8% people telling stories, 8% people commenting about Missoula, 4% real comments, 1% smart comments.
and 0.07% comment statistics ;)
Nicely done. I always thought it was the angle of the front forks. But you make a great case for the other two items.
I like your materials you used it in explaining this idea :D
Thank You
These videos are informative but always lack key information or explanations.
In the case of this particular video, you didn't explain the whole "the bike rides under the center of mass and regains balance" thing. What do you mean by "rides under the center of mass"? I didn't understand it on your SciShow Talkshow and I didn't understand it now. I can try and guess what you mean based on what I see but I don't understand it as a whole. Maybe it would have been easier if you showed us the center of mass of the whole bike.
The other problem appears when you talk about the inclined angle of the front wheel axis. You compare the inclined axis of the wheel with a line that would be at 90°. The problem is that you don't really explain what that line is. At first I thought it was what the axis would look like if it wasn't inclined, but the line doesn't even pass through the center of the wheel. It is just a chord of the circle that is the wheel. Then I thought that it could have been misplaced, but then the axis would not touch the ground behind that line at a right angle.
Really cool to see a more detailed version after seeing the first one on SciShow!
That animation is so next-gen!
This video makes me rethink whether the concepts I've learnt before are really how I think they worked.
I really enjoyed this thank you.
Well done video! Today's bicycles are engineering marvels. The perfect test machine for our ERW Vacuum Pressure Wheels.
This video is really easy and clear, thanks
rake is the name for the tilt of the forks forward and trail is the name for the distance from where the forks would intercept the ground to where the wheel actually touches:)
Awesome video man. I guess the same also applies to cars. Tried it in GTA when I was a kid and it worked and since then I have been wondering about how it works. This video took care of my doubts. Thanks
It's a wonderful feeling to take my hands off the handlebars of my motorcycle at 50mph. Perfectly stable, only slight leans needed to keep straight. Feels so free.
Interesting. Even more interesting is the physics behind how bikes (or motorbikes) turn. That would be a great follow up video to this one.
Thank you henry i have been trying to find solution to this problem for quite some time now