How an Electric Steering Rack Works
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 27 авг 2024
- In this video two steering racks are taken apart to demonstrate how they work inside.
The steering rack on a car is responsible for turning the rotational motion of the steering wheel into a horizontal translation motion that push the wheels in and out via the tie rods. This results in the front wheels turning.
Rack and pinion steering consists of a housing, within which there is a tube, called the rack, with teeth. The teeth engage the input shaft that's connected to the steering wheel, and is called the pinion gear.
In this video 2016 Toyota Camry and 2016 Chevrolet Cruze steering racks are cut open to show their internal workings. The Toyota rack is a basic rack and pinon setup and is purely a mechanical mechanism, since its electric power assist comes from a motor mounted on the steering shaft above.
The Chevy steering rack has a servo motor and a computer that aids with the assist, and it comes as an assembly mounted to the rack itself. The steering angle input sensor sends a signal to the computer, sitting behind the motor. The motor is then turned on to allow an electric assist to aid in steering the wheels. It is connected to the rack via a recirculating ball type mechanism. The steering input shaft meanwhile, connects to the rack on the driver's side via a traditional spiral gear.
"There's a couple bolts here I'm gonna take off." GraaZZZZZZZZzzzzzzzz!!!! lol.
The Chevy Cruze electric steering rack is interesting. I didn't expect a toothed belt to use to connect the motor to the rack. Thank you for taking the time on tearing them down and sharing.
+2006DURAMAX glad you enjoyed it. I wasn't expecting the belt drive or reciprocating ball bearing mechanism either, quite interesting how complex it actually is.
Its LINEAR motion.
Well. I am completely surprised too buy the choice of a toothed belt. It kind of making the whole thing feel toy like, a giant RC car. This type of steering rack can be easily used for some stupid DIY computer controlled gadgets, or just old school radio remote control.
@@shenghan9385 It works.
Is noone going to fucking talk about how buddy just GRINDS OFF THE BOLTS. 🤣🤦🏼
That was hilarious, thank you. 🥺😭❤️
Wow. I never would have imagined what was inside that Chevy rack. When I change a rack the old one usually has to be sent back to get a refund on the surcharge. Thanks for posting that.
+One Auto, that ks IMG and you found the video useful. Yeah that Chevy rack is a bit complex.
Happy I seen the inside, I now know I have a sensor problem. Thanks👍🏾
One day, someone will show a bmw models waiting for it.
Awesome
Really cool, thank you. Never saw a helical timing belt before. Thanks again for another great video!
Great presentation. Quick pace. Clear cut explanations. No nonsense. With a little humor too. Ah yes, and NO music. Two thumbs up!
That's my style!
this is the first time I found a proper video on electric power steering.
Hey it's been waiting for you all along!
hahah! glad i didn't make it wait any longer
Thanks for the enlightening video! Especially more and more late model vehicles are now equipped with electrical steering to save room and weight from steering hydraulic pump, reservoir, belt and maintenance.
I'm glad you enjoyed the video. Electric steering is better for fuel economy because it doesn't suck power directly from the engine all the time. Its a simpler setup compared to hydraulic, with less components. Unfortunately most electric steering setups aren't tuned for good steering feedback.
@@speedkar99 ok. Now I understand why some cars have that completely alien steering feel. They are not hydraulically assisted system. You learn something everyday. Lol
@@shenghan9385 Drive by wire is the future. Its like driving a go cart. Granted you cant "feel" the road resistance like you would hydraulics, its a lot less trouble when theres a catastrophic hydraulic failure on a high pressure hose on conventional rack and pinon setups.
@@nukfauxsho right. Electric motors never fail. When waS the last time you had a catastrophic power steering failure? When was the last time you heard anyone having such a Catastrophic power steering failure on a hydraulic power steering system? Hydraulic leaks can often be detected. What about your brushed motor housed in a electric power steering system? How can you even tell if it is on its way out?
@@shenghan9385wish i could agree but my electric motor failed on a Honda under 100k miles unfortunately.
Excellent presentation!!! Love the "dry" humor, too. Subscribed!!
Thanks
by far…astronomically far, the best car channel on youtube, or anywhere. from aspiring mechanics everywhere, thank you so much. 🎉
Thank you too!
Dude truly thank you so much for disassembling a unit .. you have the best explanation.. about the bearing .... I have a 2010 sho Taurus the steering rack is loud grinding sound I imagine I should be able to remove take it down to rack shaft and load it up with grease and hopefully get the horrible sound to go away ...
Your videos helps me understands my vehicle better. Thanks
You are welcome thanks
Nice vid. Guy's a pro mechanic and speaks like a university professor.
I'm here bc my 2018 suburban power steering failed and it's kinda easy to see how many parts are involved in electric assist vs old fashion.
Thanks, I'm an engineer in the day and backyard mechanic on the weekend 😉
Now why is your brand new truck giving problems?
You speak a bit quickly, but your explanation coupled with the disassembly does an excellent job in teaching how these things work. Concise and demonstrative. Well done!
Thanks, short and to the point is my style
6:48 The cap, spring and piston are there to eliminate backlash by pressing the rack against the pinion.
+spankeyfish Good tip, thanks for the clarification, it makes sense.
So those parts essentially fix the rack in place? And it seems it's a adjustable arrangement. I may have to go back and see if this particular setup is put in place to simplify the machining process, reduce the otherwise stricter tolerance requirements of parts. It seems like a pretty smart solution that works.
Correct me if I am erred. I think it's safe to call that assembly a sleeve bearing.
Awesome video... thank you very much! One small correction: "turning the rotational motion of the steering wheel into a horizontal ^linear^ (replaces 'translation') motion that push the wheels"... in essence that is the "translation: rotational to linear" which results in a transverse mounting. Thanks for taking showing us the internals and the wonderful narration.
Great work! Always wanted to do cut them up and look up what's inside. Saved me some time!
Thanks glad you enjoyed the video
Why would you want to destroy a perfectly good rack & pinion ...
This is a bad ass video. Thanks for sharing your automotive surgery with us. It was very enlightening.
+teamman101 thanks I'm glad you liked it. I have many more dissection videos just like this.
just stumbled on this channel by chance , and its fantastic, just been taken on as a trainee mechanic which is amazing considering the the pandemic and your videos are really helping, just have to pause i the video million to times to right down what your explaining , but great job. Hi from liverpool England
Thanks from Canada
Great video. Some terms to modify: Servo motor (not DC motor). Ball screw (not spiral screw). Ball nut (not spiral gear). Ball track (not spiral teeth). Input encoder (not sensor).
Thanks. I'm not an expert to know the terms but I know what it does. Are you a rack Engineer?
@@speedkar99 No, an engineer in CNC machinery, and these items are directly borrowed from CNC linear motion. In fact an argument could be made that electric power steering *is* a CNC machine, in a very real sense.
Thank for this video which shows clearly insides of steering rack. Now I see.
Thanks I'm glad you found it knowledgeable
YOUR VIDEOS ARE THE BEST ON RUclips. THANKS
I lovee how you say "brother, wife things ect" haha ♡
Yep
Gotta steal what I can 🤣
Excellent rapid tear down.
+Jack King thanks
Hardest workin man on RUclips!
Great Demonstrations
Clear Explanations!
Looks surprisingly well made.
Yeah they are pretty sturdy...the the exception of that belt to drive the rack
Call me crazy, but, doesn't the simpler Toyota design seem MUCH more reliable over time? The electronics and the belt on the Chevy seem like a time bomb.
+Brian Day of course the simpler design will be more reliable. The Chevy steering rack may last the lifetime of the car though, which is barely 10 years or so...just check out all those 10 year old Chevy cobalts in the junkyard as proof.
Truth right there! I on the other hand, think 10 years isn't that old. My Toyota rack went out on my Lexus after 14 years/255 K miles. Wonder if any power assist racks can last that long or if the the down side to the new tech shortened life spans. Thanks for the reply!
+Brian Day New tech isn't meant to last as long as the old stuff. Cars are more disposable these days. To buy the inner tie rods for this car you have to buy the entire steering rack assembly! Therefore 10 years for a domestic car is normal. Japanese cars last longer and hold their value a bit more.
@@brianday13 my KIA with hydraulic power steering is at 239k, recently replaced outer tie rods but no issues with steering.
The first rack is from a Camry which is a much larger car and has the luxury of placing the motor upstream inside the vehicle. The Cruze is much smaller and I'm curious to know if the Corolla (Toyota's comparable version to the Cruze) has a similar setup?
I can't wait to see how you reassemble it.
+Twig I'm gonna use my angle grinder for that too
I 100% agree that a grinder is a specialist tool to get bolts off 🤣
Nice video. Really enjoyed the video while gaining good insight. Thank you for uploading.
Thats really cool how the eletric system works, great video. I really enjoyed the way you made it. I like your "special tool" hahaha
+LukePlays Thanks, it is pretty neat, and it varies alot from the hydraulic system. I have another video on that.
@speedkar99 - in 2:07 when you take the cover off, you have two rotors there both pressed onto pinion. The pinion itself is consisted of two pinions (upper and lower). Those two rotors, are simple magnets. The Pinions are pressed concentrically and are connected with a torsion bar. When turned, the torsion bar will allow a slight movement of upper rotor to inside lower rotor thus creating changes in magnetic field. Then the Sensor (which is called hall Call Sensor) reads those changes and translates this information for the computer. This system allows the EPS to "read the mind" of a driver, so the gear knows in which direction you want to turn.
Nice! Thanks for that information, pretty cool how it picks up that information. I thought it would have been a simple steering angle sensor further up the steering shaft.
We're those racks from your Brother's cars too.?
+ThomasTheSailor Chubby Ahah
Nah these racks were destined for the scrap heap. My brother would never drive a Camry or a Cruize
Thanks for the video !! I was very excited to see whats there inside after cutting !!! Thank you very much!! I loved your videos!
+Bhanu vardhan thanks. Check out my hydraulic steering rack video for more!
Thank you very much my friend from İstanbul/TURKEY
Do more of these types of vids, keep it going
you have to hold your breath working with a very special tool like that
Or just use a mask 😁
Amazing how complicated rack and pinion steering can become with electronic assist. You have to wonder about the long term reliability of these pieces as the vehicles age.
Agreed. Complex but technology has matured enough to make it reliable.
I have had the electronic steering lock up several times in owning the car I drive. The only way to reset it was to turn off the key momentarily, restart and it began to work again. Luckily I wasn't on the freeway or a corner at highway speed when this happened.
Very Raw and educational video. Any thing stopping, and you just grinding it off! Lol
Thank You, very good video.
Glad you liked it!
thanks for the video! helps me understand my steering and suspension class better. figured there would be more lube on the Chevy worm gear looked dry to be a new car? the thing applying pressure underneath the special nut you ground off the Toyota rack is called a yoke I think. again thanks for the video.
+Andrew Ballew I'm glad you enjoyed the video.
I did wipe off a lot of grease when removing these parts.
Sensor on steering rack is a torque sensor
If there are 6 wires from it, it is likely that the car has Torque sensor 1 and Torque sensor 2 on the steering rack
+Beucan Thanks for the info. There seem to be two gears with chips on it, probably for redundancy. Would be cool to know how they actually work.
speedkar99 fantastic video as usual always wanted to know how electric steering worked. Brilliant man!!!!
+colin Lyne glad you learned something
Great job explaining
Thanks
The 'loud' interior brains my hurt...lol😂
Geat demonstration....really helped me a lot in understanding working of steering of car.....gr8 work🖒🖒
+Kapil Soni Thanks I'm glad you learned something.
Amazing yet simple explanation!!! Keep up the good work, you just earned a subscriber
The real challenge is putting it all back together.
high quality video as usual! thank you
You are welcome
Brilliant it's like you could be doing this in your sleep x
+Danny Horry sure but I wouldn't be able to put it back together!
Very cool. I want one of this because it has a steering angle sensor so i can use it on track.
I used the exact same method to pull the engine on my car. Cutting the transmission in half was probably the hardest part due to the small clearances with the tunnel in the floor. It took almost another hour or so to cut through all that sheet metal and carpet just to get to it, but I got it out. What a mess that made! Now.. to install that new clutch and pressure plate...
+edward niel good to hear. I got an engine removal video soon, no cutting needed. Stay tuned.
I have watched a number of your videos.... they are funny yet educational. Hope your brother isn't watching.
Glad you enjoyed. No he doesn't watch
Did anyone else's jaw drop when he started grinding this thing to pieces instead of taking it apart correctly? Failed to show how a recirculating ball system works
Amazing video.
Good video. Hydraulics for life.
Yea I have another video on the hydraulic rack and it's more complicated
I simply can't understand how the mechanism at 3:24 would allow the rack to move freely WITHOUT the electrical assistance from the motor. Shouldn't the recirculating ball bearing block the movement from the rack?
Hmm that kinda makes sense...
@@speedkar99 You could move it at 1:51 with some ease - so I know it works - but I can't see how this was mechanically possible!
Amazing engineering has gone into those racks.
It sure has!
Thanks man, I learned a lot!
Glad you learned something new !
Thanks for good information 👌
Awesome
Wonderful demonstration. Perfect video.
+Sarath natakam glad you enjoyed it thanks
Great video again.
+chris hill thanks Chris
Another great video coming from you sir, thank you! I am wondering what happened to the electric motor that drives the Toyota steering rack as it never made an appearance in the clip though.
Yup, I couldn't get my hands on that
Awesome video
Another awesome educational video! Thanks!
Thank you
very good movie
+Junmo Koo glad you enjoyed my film
You should do a teardown video the chevy rack electric motor.
+Michael Hodge It's just an electric motor from what I can tell. There's a circuit board behind it to drive it. I still have the motor...somewhere. Maybe one day
very interesting. thank you.
What happened if the motor fail? The steering wheel locked or not?
Wow. The electric rack seems waaay more complicated than it needs to be... I can now see how Cypher was able to take control of all those cars in Fate of the Furious. Everything's electrical.
See Michael Hastings
holy shit thats wild. the chevy one probably cost so much money
The Chevy one costs about $1000. The Toyota one is about $1600, despite not having a motor.
that belt looked pathetic, wont even last 6 years.
Awesome video. Thanks man.
+H W glad you enjoyed it
Now time to reassemble them
No
Thanks
Welcome
What is the purpose of the pressure plate is it to stop play and knock clunk?
Yes it controls play and tension on the pinion.
A couple of bolts to take off....grabs angle grinder and cuts the head of the bolts... LOL
Yep. That's the best tool for the job!
I just discovered your channel. Watched a few videos so far and really enjoy your style. I had to subscribe.
+Eric Brunhammer I'm glad you enjoyed it and appreciate my work
What would you say could cause a lag in motor assist on a steering system like this? I have a 2017 Mustang and the EPS has become notchy when changing direction. It's like there's a static friction to overcome before the steering changes direction resulting in a notchy feel at the steering wheel.
Isn't it under warranty?
I wonder if the position sensor need to be calibrated
@@speedkar99 well I only have 2 years and 30k on her so she should still be under warranty. I'm so heavily modded though I'm hesitant to take it in. Next thing you know they're joyriding your car around lol. Maybe that's the move though.
@@pace1786 doing modifications to your drive train while the car is still on warranty isn't wise. Different wheels, tires and entertainment system mods are ok, but anything that changes your emission controls will be an expensive issue when and if your state or country requires inspections of the emission controls as a condition of licensing the vehicle to drive on the highway. You while have to return the vehicle to stock to pass so save they parts you have changed out.
@@rewing4880 only if you live in one of them commie states that has a bunch of BS emissions regulations. Not an issue where I'm at. Also, no one is buying a Mustang 5.0 to be wise LMAOO. If I was penny pinching enough to care about a warranty I shouldn't have bought this car at all.
Watling for the rebuild video on those
Haha rebuild it with a grinder
Impressive Friend, like what you are doing
Glad you enjoyed it
Awesome Video. Thanks.
+Auto Shack Thanks glad you liked it
Thanks.. Very good job!!
Your brothers gonna be pissed, you took his underwear and his rack... LOL.
Hahaha good one
great explanation, thanks.
If you run across a Bugatti Veyron power steering unit, please do a video. Keep up the good work!
Hmm, what are the chances I'll run across one of those
@@speedkar99 lol. You never know. And my bet is that being a steering rack, even if one is from a "super car" it may not necessarily be any more complex or otherwise too special from the two steering rack that you have "butchered".
GO ON WE NEED A DEMONSTRATION ABOUT STEERING RACK FOR REANULT MEGANE 3
I can understand working of hydraulic and elctric assisted power steering but how does the wheel comeback to neutral position automatically after turning when we let off the steering wheel
+TheZoomel That's controlled by the caster setting of the alignment.
just when i was wondering where's the toothbrush, you brought your brothers underwear, its a like!
Gotta make use of what I have right
nice vid... but why use a grinder instead of just turning the nuts and bolts???
wow videos are amazing,from where you learned all electronics and mechanical stuff
+ajay javalkar thanks I'm glad you enjoy my videos. I learn my trial and error in my backyard.
+ajay javalkar Thanks, I learn by trial and error
Brilliant concise explanation - if only my teachers had been as good . . .
BUT: what happens if the electrics fail - to me it looks as though the recirculating ball system would jam any rack movement.
Thanks.
It would operate manually
awesome video! i followed these disassembly instructions and have all my rebuild parts, now how do i get it back together?
+slidestang242 thanks!
You need to play the video in reverse at half speed. Use JB weld instead of the grinder and you should be good 😎
So in “Part 2” are you going to show us how to re-assemble them?
"A dab of JB weld and a bit of red threadlocker. Done"
@@VortechBand It ain’t fixed until you wrap bailing wire around it. I use JB Weld for holes in my tooth. Its the small print!
Brother moving out long ago and take all belongs with him .
Hi. I need you to help me. On 2015 nissan altima if i turned the steering wheel any direction I'm hearing a strange weaning noise at all time unles I'm not turning it. Do you know why is this happening. Thank you.
Check the power steering motor
Ive taken bolts off a different way but a pretty cool video though
How did you take those special bolts off? The correct way?
@@speedkar99 well. Perhaps he invested time in a make shift tool. Drill small holes on the fittings to enable the attachment of other common tools. Well who knows.
How many miles that belt breaks,it is like a small timing belt that have a change interval.if that breaks you re in big accident to happen.
Good point.
The parts from the electronic steering rack could make a nice project.
Can you make that DC motor work without the chip board?
+K Smithers yes that would be a nice project. That DC motor had a computer behind it so my thoughts would be it would need some kind of programming to get it to work.
speedkar99
Or would it need programming?
Would it be possible to toss the chip?
Looks to be wires coming out the back, could you solder wires on the motor possibly...
If you could make that motor work with a variable speed controller, that would be awesome!!
You can. Always run a brushed universal motor without any electronic control circuit been there. You can also run the same motor on AC too. So they are not just DC motor. But to successfully use it for your intended purposes you may have to work out the power feed connection. Universal motors come with different numbers of brushes, the sequences and order of the connection may be altered to fit the power sources, or say current type, AC or DC. You only need add a adjustable resistor setting to control the speed and hence the power output.
So if you use electric motor assisted rack the only thing better than hydro pump is ->> you turn the key in "ON" position without starting the motor and you still have the power assistance for turning the wheel. Still operating such motor gives the alternator more work to do from where the fuel consumption also increases?Am i right? EDIT: What's the price for OEM electrical motor+the computer controller for this Cruze? I guess 1-2 grand...
+Petar st The electric motor doesn't turn on with the key, most vehicles are programmed to have it turned on with the engine.
The electric motor only draws power off of the alternator when turning is required. Hydraulics are always drawing power from the engine.
The cruze rack was $1000 if I recall. The Toyota rack was roughly $1600
The energy wastage is a lot lower though. As with any type of hydraulic or pneumatic system, the energy waste can occur during the compression process of the fluids or gases through heat. And there is the consideration of leakage however slightly it maybe. And notice that there isn't any pressure vessel in the form of a can or tank to hold the pressurised fluids, you can assume with confidence that any fluid that has been pressurised but happened to be outside the confine of the looped system consists of the cylinders, hose and pipe to the piston is simply "dumped" back to the part that only serve to hold and feed the unpressurised fluid as well as to receive the excess fluid after pressurisation. You may also assume with confidence that this repeated dumping by design of fluids back to the reservior represent energy losses at levell that is much higher than anything negligible. The the extra length of contacting surface between one extra pulley and belt definitely adds friction and hence energy loss compared to the electric steering assist system which does away with this said pulley.
Appreciate it
Welcome