Thanks for the video, very useful!! I think the potassium ion channel will open as well as the L-type calcium ion channel in order to generate "plateau" phase
I think most of your videos are very well done and informative. However, you have made several mistakes in this video with regard to phases and which channels are open during said phases. Please consider remaking this video for those who use your videos as their primary resource for their education.
Few mistakes. One of the notables ones would be phase 2 of cardiac myocytes, around 1:37, After closure of sodium channels in Phase 1, there is opening of potassium channels and the plateau in Phase 2 is produced by calcium influx and potassium efflux which essentially balances each other out, giving the plateau. Should alsio mention that "Leaky" potassium currents consistently allow "leakage" of few potassium ions, contributing to membrane potential, and partially for the Phase 2 plateau. Phase 3 doesnt open potassium channels, it increases the conductance (g) of potassium. Regardless, I love his videos.
Dang!!! This video was made in 2013 and I am watching it in 2016 only, all those years I wasted digging into books, not grasping a word. "Sighsss !!!!"
great video and explanation regarding the refractory period of the heart muscle , it's mentioned that there is no refractory period to heart muscle . but in fact heart muscle has refractory period of course not like the skeletal muscle but it has
I'm pretty sure there are some mistakes in this video... For example... L-Type are slow and T-type are fast. Additionally, during the upstroke (depolarization) it's becoming less negative, not more negative as is verbally stated here. These issues that I heard are in the later part of the video, closer to 7-9min. If mistaken on any of these, I do apologize, I am by no means claiming to be an expert.
awesome channel! well explained and obviously very beautifully illustrated, i like the speed too, i feel like most educational videos out there tend to be too slow rather keep the speed up, as you can always pause or even rewind thanks for your work!
the pacemaker cells don´t have phase 1, 2 and 3: they only have phase 0, 3 and 4 because phase 1 is the fast influx of sodium that occurs in the myocardium cells and phase 2 is the plateau.
phenomenal job my friend. One thing i would like to add with respect to your knowledge, the AV node is not a true pacemaker, what it actually does is to hold on to the impulse for atrial contraction. than pass the impulse to AV junction ( THE TRUE PACEMAKER) AV junction fires impulses 40-60 bpm. peace!!!!!!
Summary explain by Sir 🥰 ( notes) 1) at rest action potential is -90 and then sodium will enter and this called depolarization and it reach at 30 and sodium channel closes 2) calcium L channel is opened and slow influx of calcium and then pottacium move outside and cause depolarization . 3) absolute refractory period ( a period in which second action potential couldn’t ocure )it can only generated after first action potential have finished 4) where this action potential comes from ? Pace maker are group of cells that generate action potential for heart ( it is independent of nural stimulation ) Present in right atrium 5) main pacemaker cells is Sino atrial node and cause 70 to 80 beats 6) AV node can also cause 40 to 60 beats 7) bundle branches can also produce that 20 to 40 beats ! Pacemaker produce action potential that move from right atrium to right ventricle and then to left atrium and ventricle Action potential accour when calcium enter and cause depolarization then depolarization occur and potassium channel open and this occur again and again in cycle.
At around 2:20 you are displaying the movement of ions on the action potential graph. at the plateau you are showing Ca flowing out of the cell and K flowing in. I believe that this is switched. Ca concentration is high outside of the cell and it flows in (along with Na), and K concentration is high inside of the cell and flows out. Also I think the convention is to label the rapid depolarization via fast Na channel portion as "0" and the small repolarization before the plateau as "1".
I don't get how the membrane potential dropped at 1 if there was no eflux of positive ions out of the cell... you skipped over that completely. There are 5 phases. You put your zero as one. There is no phase 4 either... This is very confusing >.
thanks for this, love how diagrams make things so much easier to understand :) is it possible to get a digital image of the drawings and info discussed in the video?
Slow influx of calcium ions into pacemaker cells during phase 1 causes membrane potential to become more positive (not negative) as indicated by your graph. Very good video, keep up the great work
very good detailed but brief explanation. :) But im just quite confused at the phases. Well there are 2 types of channels in cardiac muscle cells: Fast Channels Na and Slow Channels Na-Ca; I thought during the phase o to phase 1 it's the Na influx and upon reaching the Vmax of Na it's followed by influx of Ca but the K is still inside of the cell. then lastly as soon as the Ca reaches the maximum threshold, the K will become permeable causing K efflux and causing the repolarization?
I really like the fact.. how your content was always good.. but the quality and technology has improved so much!! Keep doing the good work. Thanks a tonnnn... 😃
Nice video.. but there is one mistake.. at 4:38 U told Pacemaker cells are NEURONAL INNERATION of Heart.. but it is not Neuronal tissue.. but Its a SPECIALIZED MYOCARDIAL CELL with property of Autorhythmicity.. thank you very much for awesome videos.. keep posting..
your video is SUPER!!! I' ve only a question about the L and T tipe Ca++ channels: are they working in cardiac muscle cells and pacemaker cells together? or L tipe works only in cardiac muscle cells? thank you!:)
Might be a silly question but when there's a Na+ influx, the membrane potential becomes more positive, however when there's a slow influx of Calcium into the cell, why does the membrane potential become more negative? Great video btw
thank you for that! i know ur explanation also works with when there's the influx of K+ making it more negative. i thought this was the explanation but was uncertain.
Emma Fisher it is base for Automaticity. it s also mixed of sodium and potassium influx, activating cell to reach to the threshold. the slope of IF indicates how rapid the depolarization should be. hope it helped.
thank you! just one note : in 7:52 - causes the membrane potential to become more positive (not negative),,
Thanks for the video, very useful!!
I think the potassium ion channel will open as well as the L-type calcium ion channel in order to generate "plateau" phase
7:49
which causes membrane potential become more negative !!!
become more positive ******
Khan's academy, shomu's Biology and you are really saving my ass in Vet school.
Merci beaucoup pour ces vidéos , je ne suis pas médecin mais je vois vos vidéos et je les ai trouvées très intéressantes
Mille Mercis
I will eventually!, just so much effort to scan!!
Thanks a lot!!! This is so useful for my studies!!! Love the way you explain with drawings!
at 7:52 you made a mistake by saying 'negative' instead of 'positive'
I will though, dont worry.
Thanks
I love all your videos, but this on has just confused me even more...
thank you very much. I learnt what I coulnt learn on anatomy, physiology and therapy cycles.
I'm studying for the MCAT and you are a life saver! Thank you so much
I think most of your videos are very well done and informative. However, you have made several mistakes in this video with regard to phases and which channels are open during said phases. Please consider remaking this video for those who use your videos as their primary resource for their education.
alex aversano in which areas you detect to be wrong please explain,
In nodes not Calcium it's potassium (FUNNY CURRENT) lead to threshold check it plz
Few mistakes. One of the notables ones would be phase 2 of cardiac myocytes, around 1:37, After closure of sodium channels in Phase 1, there is opening of potassium channels and the plateau in Phase 2 is produced by calcium influx and potassium efflux which essentially balances each other out, giving the plateau. Should alsio mention that "Leaky" potassium currents consistently allow "leakage" of few potassium ions, contributing to membrane potential, and partially for the Phase 2 plateau. Phase 3 doesnt open potassium channels, it increases the conductance (g) of potassium.
Regardless, I love his videos.
Dang!!! This video was made in 2013 and I am watching it in 2016 only, all those years I wasted digging into books, not grasping a word. "Sighsss !!!!"
Bruh m watching it 10 yrs later
great video and explanation
regarding the refractory period of the heart muscle , it's mentioned that there is no refractory period to heart muscle . but in fact heart muscle has refractory period of course not like the skeletal muscle but it has
সহজ বাংলায় এবং প্রনবন্ত উপস্থাপনার মাধ্যমে কার্ডিয়াক মাসেলের কনট্রাকশন সম্পর্কে জানতে,ক্লিকঃ
ruclips.net/video/7NeMRKJqj40/видео.html
Armando you are the best. Keep going waiting for new videos. Thank you.
I'm pretty sure there are some mistakes in this video... For example... L-Type are slow and T-type are fast. Additionally, during the upstroke (depolarization) it's becoming less negative, not more negative as is verbally stated here. These issues that I heard are in the later part of the video, closer to 7-9min. If mistaken on any of these, I do apologize, I am by no means claiming to be an expert.
I agree, my professor said that T for transient, and L for lagging.
Thank you for your presentation. As always the visual effects help me understand the process. Keep it up.!!
awesome channel! well explained and obviously very beautifully illustrated, i like the speed too, i feel like most educational videos out there tend to be too slow
rather keep the speed up, as you can always pause or even rewind
thanks for your work!
the pacemaker cells don´t have phase 1, 2 and 3: they only have phase 0, 3 and 4 because phase 1 is the fast influx of sodium that occurs in the myocardium cells and phase 2 is the plateau.
I think he just wanna make it easy by call it as 3 steps , he didn't refer to "phase" at all
You helped me
phenomenal job my friend. One thing i would like to add with respect to your knowledge, the AV node is not a true pacemaker, what it actually does is to hold on to the impulse for atrial contraction. than pass the impulse to AV junction ( THE TRUE PACEMAKER) AV junction fires impulses 40-60 bpm.
peace!!!!!!
He said the same thing in the next vidio
im a medical student.... this video helped me a lot... the channel is superb
i love your videos, they are so helpful however i was wondering about the SA node...i thought the SA node is 60-100. am i trippin
Summary explain by Sir 🥰 ( notes)
1) at rest action potential is -90 and then sodium will enter and this called depolarization and it reach at 30 and sodium channel closes
2) calcium L channel is opened and slow influx of calcium and then pottacium move outside and cause depolarization
.
3) absolute refractory period ( a period in which second action potential couldn’t ocure )it can only generated after first action potential have finished
4) where this action potential comes from ? Pace maker are group of cells that generate action potential for heart ( it is independent of nural stimulation )
Present in right atrium
5) main pacemaker cells is Sino atrial node and cause 70 to 80 beats
6) AV node can also cause 40 to 60 beats
7) bundle branches can also produce that 20 to 40 beats
! Pacemaker produce action potential that move from right atrium to right ventricle and then to left atrium and ventricle
Action potential accour when calcium enter and cause depolarization then depolarization occur and potassium channel open and this occur again and again in cycle.
At around 2:20 you are displaying the movement of ions on the action potential graph. at the plateau you are showing Ca flowing out of the cell and K flowing in. I believe that this is switched. Ca concentration is high outside of the cell and it flows in (along with Na), and K concentration is high inside of the cell and flows out. Also I think the convention is to label the rapid depolarization via fast Na channel portion as "0" and the small repolarization before the plateau as "1".
Thank you verrrrrrry much your videos are awesome !
I don't get how the membrane potential dropped at 1 if there was no eflux of positive ions out of the cell... you skipped over that completely. There are 5 phases. You put your zero as one. There is no phase 4 either... This is very confusing >.
thank u so much this is so helpful and enjoyable :)
excellent source of information. I am a visual learner and this was a great help.
Thanks for your good explanation.
amazing videos and informative, god bless you sir
Ur such an artist tyyyy sm!!!
this is amazing thank you very much....... very helpful
Sir , I'm a 1st yr mbbs student ... Can I represent my anwer as u represented here in my university exm ? Will I get marks ?
this video safe my life
thank you for all ur amazing video , I watch many of them
thanks for this, love how diagrams make things so much easier to understand :)
is it possible to get a digital image of the drawings and info discussed in the video?
Awesome job! Cool accent, also!
although there were a couple mistakes, I found it very informative in a general sense! Thank you!
Thank you! This is so very helpful!!
One question: why are they called pacemaker cells?
Cuz they making peace 😎💼.
Thank you for your video. Just one question: Do the sodium ion channels close at any point in pacemaker cells?
Slow influx of calcium ions into pacemaker cells during phase 1 causes membrane potential to become more positive (not negative) as indicated by your graph. Very good video, keep up the great work
Na and Ca had come in to the cell and K left the cell, what happened to the Na and Ca that are in the inside the cell. ?
where were these vids during my med school!
thankyou so much
You're the man, getting me an A in BIO 132
Best video I've seen about this stuff. Great job!
Amazing the best
I'm dying memorising it
very good detailed but brief explanation. :) But im just quite confused at the phases. Well there are 2 types of channels in cardiac muscle cells: Fast Channels Na and Slow Channels Na-Ca; I thought during the phase o to phase 1 it's the Na influx and upon reaching the Vmax of Na it's followed by influx of Ca but the K is still inside of the cell. then lastly as soon as the Ca reaches the maximum threshold, the K will become permeable causing K efflux and causing the repolarization?
thank you
You are the bestiest among all the teachers ....your videos are soo informative...hope more and more videos you should make for us...thankyou
I really like the fact.. how your content was always good.. but the quality and technology has improved so much!!
Keep doing the good work.
Thanks a tonnnn... 😃
Thank you so much sir it was awesome helped me a lot
Nice video..
but there is one mistake.. at 4:38 U told Pacemaker cells are NEURONAL INNERATION of Heart.. but it is not Neuronal tissue.. but Its a SPECIALIZED MYOCARDIAL CELL with property of Autorhythmicity..
thank you very much for awesome videos..
keep posting..
Love it-but people, also read a textbook, don’t just solely rely on this.
Great! You draw really well!
Your cardiology vids saved me hours of reading. THANKS!!
it's sooo goood...
Wooow wonderful explanation, thnk uuu so much, ur genius.
This was so very helpful!
U mrked dm wrong in platue phase
Thank you so much. It really made the concept so easier to understand.
your video is SUPER!!! I' ve only a question about the L and T tipe Ca++ channels: are they working in cardiac muscle cells and pacemaker cells together? or L tipe works only in cardiac muscle cells? thank you!:)
thank you brother
I want a video about heart soundes
Very helpful thanks.
You just make every topic so easy ..vid was awesome
thankyou so much!!
Might be a silly question but when there's a Na+ influx, the membrane potential becomes more positive, however when there's a slow influx of Calcium into the cell, why does the membrane potential become more negative? Great video btw
Because the number of positive ions going out are more than the slow amount of (calcium) ions going in, making the membrane more negative.
thank you for that! i know ur explanation also works with when there's the influx of K+ making it more negative. i thought this was the explanation but was uncertain.
Thank you
Awesome! Diagrams, explanation.. Simple r n to the point. Great effort! N inspiration
great thanks
what about the fast K channels during the initial repolarization ?
More CVS videos please!! Your much better in explaining than my Dr!!
super helpful!
Amazing as usual ❤
I just love your knowledge ❤️
sA node has 60 to 100 bts /m
thank you so much
Thannnnkkk youuu Mr. Hasudungan!!!
A MAZING VIDEO
It helped a lot thanks!!
Thank you 😊
Much useful
Amazing video!
thank you
Amazing Explanation !! Thank you
thanks
Awesome
It has phase 0?
Great video!!!
thank full, u save me!!
u r the best >>> thank u !!!
thank you very much
thansk
Thanks!
Cardiac cycle! Please!
You da GOAT my man
Thank you soo much!!
what about the If? u didnt mention that
What is If?
Emma Fisher it is base for Automaticity. it s also mixed of sodium and potassium influx, activating cell to reach to the threshold. the slope of IF indicates how rapid the depolarization should be.
hope it helped.
Awesome video!!