Capacitive Sensor Explained | Different Types and Applications
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- Опубликовано: 29 июн 2024
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⌚Timestamps:
00:00 - Intro
01:11 - Types of materials
01:46 - Main parts
02:57 - Connection
03:55 - Output signal
04:27 - Mounting
04:54 - Setting up
05:55 - Applications
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In this video, we will explain what a capacitive proximity sensor is and how they work.
We will also talk about some of the different types of materials these sensors can detect, explain the main parts of these sensors, talk about some of the different types of capacitive proximity sensors, and we will give some examples of how these sensors are used with automation.
A capacitive sensor is an electronic device that can detect solid or liquid targets without physical contact.
To detect these targets, capacitive sensors emit an electrical field from the sensing end of the sensor. Any target that can disrupt this electrical field can be detected by a capacitive sensor.
Some examples of the solid materials a capacitive sensor can detect are all types of metal, all types of plastic, wood, paper, glass, and cloth. Capacitive sensors can also detect liquids like water, oil, and paint.
Capacitive sensors have four main parts, the sensor’s body, the sensing face, the indicator light, and the cable or cable connection end.
1) Inside the sensor’s body is where the circuitry is that makes the sensor work.
2) The sensing face is the part of the sensor that is used to detect the targets.
3) The indicator light is on the other end of the sensor from the sensing face. This light turns on when a target is within the sensors sensing range and turns off when the target is out of sensing range.
The sensing range of a capacitive sensor is the maximum distance a target can be detected from the sensor sensing face.
4) These sensors can be purchased with a cable already attached to them or they can have a connector that the cable screws into.
In this cable, you will find four wires. The colors of these wires are brown, blue, black, and white.
1) The brown wire gets connected to twenty-four volts DC positive.
2) The blue wire gets connected to twenty-four volts DC negative.
3) The black and white wires are the sensor output wires. The black wire is the sensor’s normally open output wire.
The sensor will send out a signal on the black wire when it detects the target. The sensor stops sending this signal when it does not detect a target.
4) The white wire is the sensor’s normally closed output wire. The sensor will send out a signal on the white wire when it does not detect a target. The sensor stops sending this signal when the target is detected.
A capacitive sensor’s outputs can be a positive signal (PNP) or a negative signal (NPN). Depending on how the sensor outputs will be connected will determine what style of sensor outputs are needed.
If the capacitive sensor has an adjustable sensing range it will have an adjustment screw. Turning the screw clockwise increases the sensitivity of the sensor and turning the screw counterclockwise decreases the sensitivity of the sensor.
Some styles of capacitive sensors can be mounted by just bolting them into place. Other styles of capacitive sensors can be mounted by drilling and tapping a hole the same size as the sensor and sometimes using a bracket to mount the sensor is the best solution.
We will explain how to set up a capacitive sensor to detect water in a nonmetallic container.
When we put the empty drinking glass next to the sensor, the sensor’s indicator light turns on. This means the sensitivity of the sensor is set to high and will need to be adjusted.
To adjust the sensitivity of the sensor, turn the sensitivity adjustment screw counterclockwise until the indicator light turns off.
We will fill the drinking glass with water up to the sensor. Notice the indicator light turns on.
Capacitive sensors can be used in many ways. They can be used for part detection on workstations, conveyors, and robots. They can also be used for counting and checking liquid levels.
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#RealPars #Capacitive #Sensor
I always learn something new when I watch your videos. Thank you for sharing your knowledge!
That's amazing to hear! Thanks for sharing and keep up the learning curve!
As a software developer, I appreciate your videos very much!
Glad you like them! Thanks for your support
Sir,
I have a question please
Since capacitive sensors detect all hard solid & liquid objects,
How can we detect only water 💧 while it's in a glass like in your example,
Or in a metal water tank ?
This is so valuable. Thank you.
You're so welcome!
Great video. Exactly what I wanted.
Happy to hear that, David!
your videos is really helpful to understand sensors in better way.
Glad to hear that, Ashok!
thank you for these good explanations it clarified me on the capacitiev sensor, it will help me for my school project
Glad to hear that! You're very welcome, and happy learning!
Thanks brother God bless you
Really great page, thank you RealPars
You're very welcome!
Thanks for this valuable information.
Glad it was helpful, Andres!
Thank you team,, i used this sensor for hopper material level alaram
You are welcome!
Thank you sir very much for your video. Good luck.
You're very welcome, Anas!
I believe this is best RUclips channel Haigh level content very useful great animation
Thank you so much! Glad to hear that
Thank you very much. I hope you can reach out more..
You're very welcome!
Thanks for making this video ,Please make the video Resistive type proximity sensor also.
Hey!
Thanks for your comment and your suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
Clear explanation sir thank you👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽 please give subtitle in english we can easily understand.
Hi Yasar,
Thanks for your comment and support!
If you click on the "CC" symbol on the bottom right part of the video, you will turn on the English subtitles.
Hope this helps! If I can be of any further assistance, please let me know - I’m more than happy to help!
High quality production always wins👍🙏
Thank you!
Every video is Well explained & very helpful. Sir, pls make a video on thyristor & its use for switching heaters.
Hi Osama!
Thanks for your comment and your suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
I like this video. Very good. Thanks
Thank you too!
so helpful, TY.
Glad it was helpful!
Thanks for helpful information.
Glad it was helpful, Arun! Our pleasure
@@realpars 😊
Thank you I bought a magnetic but now know this is what I need
Glad to hear that, Brad!
Respected realpars team,
Make video on control system redundancy like cold warm hot types with example...
Thanks
Love your All video
Pakistan.
Hey!
Thanks for your comment and your suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
Thank you !!
You're welcome!
Thank you sir you helped me❤🎉
Glad to hear that, Ahmed! You're very welcome
Really i have very usefully.
Great to hear that, Sathish! Happy learning
As programming student l real appreciate this video 📹
I need a video on weigh cell and it calibration
Glad to hear that! I will happily pass your topic suggestion on to our course developers!
Hi . thanks for your great training video.Please make an educational video clip about programming industrial robots. I would love to learn industrial robots.
Hi Farhad!
Thanks for your comment and your topic suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
Very nice
Gteat info. ✔💯
Awesome video 🔥
Thank you, Amin!
Very helpful
Glad you think so!
very helpful video
Glad it was helpful!
Great video, loved it
just one question
Does separating glass and plastic depend on the sensitivity range?
Thank you for your inquiry. The answer is both yes and maybe. The feasibility of this approach hinges on the specific sensor you choose and how you configure its sensitivity. In today's market, there is a wide array of intelligent sensors available, each with unique capabilities.
For optimal results, it is advisable to employ two distinct sensors tailored to your specific requirements and application-one designed for glass and another for plastic. This dual-sensor setup ensures that each sensor only detects the intended material while rejecting the other.
For further insights and in-depth knowledge, I've provided a link to a reputable global manufacturer in the field: www.keyence.com/
Happy learning from RealPars!
thanks you very much
You're very welcome!
Thank you 💓💓😊
Always welcome!
Wow thank you sir
You're very welcome, Bernard!
Thank you very much
You are welcome!
@@realpars thank you
I want more videos about capacitive sensors please I want learning more
Thanks for your suggestion and feedback, Yaqoot!
Detailed video
Please how can one know the difference between capacitive and inductive proximity sensor by physical view?
Hello koko Kofi Mensah,
Thank you for your question. If the sensor is electrically hooked up, you can tell by the material you put in front of it to sense. The capacitive sensor will detect non-ferrous objects like plastic or paper and the inductive proximity sensor detects ferrous metals only like steel, iron, etc.
If they are not electrically hooked up, you must have the datasheet from the manufacturer.
Happy learning!
you help me a lot,thank you.
That's say every pieces of capacity sensor switch all have a adjustable screw,right?
Not all have an adjusting screw, but many do. You need to check the manufacturer's specifications for the device you are interested in. The adjustment is used to set the sensitivity of the sensor's magnetic field, which in turn indicates how close the object must be in order to be sensed.
@@realpars all right,thank you so much
Hello great vid. I am planning to use a capacitive proximity sensor for a hand held device. It will detect studs behind drywall, potentially used to detect live wire behind drywall and also be used as a moisture meter to detect the amount of moisture in drywall. Would this sensor be a good fit for some or all of these uses??
Thank you for your question. Your project is quite intriguing! While there are existing equipment options in the market that can fulfill most of your requirements, if you're interested in experimenting, it could be an enjoyable endeavor. To get started, you'll need a Capacitive Sensor with sensitivity adjustment. Next, you'll need to calibrate the sensor for each specific item you intend to test. Therefore, acquire a separate sensor for each item and configure it accordingly.
One potential challenge you may encounter is when it comes to moisture sensing. Anticipate that you might receive false readings because you'll need to set the sensor to the minimum moisture threshold you're targeting and maintain that setting consistently. Any moisture level exceeding your chosen threshold will trigger an output.
Remember that all your tests should be conducted on drywall of the same size and thickness, with a predetermined +/- tolerance you've selected. Best of luck with your project! Happy learning.
Buenísimo contenido
Gracias, David!
Hello! Can I ask which sensor should I use if I want to detect different types of plastic (PET, PVC etc)? They have different wavelengths but I'm not sure which sensor to use for detecting them separately.
Also, from where can I get it? Or how to make one? Please do share if anyone know. Thank you!
As far as I know, there is only one such type of sensor on the market. It is a 5- infrared laser diode sensor manufactured by IDEC or ProPhotinix. They come in a variety of wavelengths to detect various plastic materials.
very well explained. Sir could you please tell us which software or platform you are using for your presentation.
Hi Farrukh,
Thanks for your comment!
I am not sure about this, as this is done by our graphic and animation department.
Once again realpars to the rescue
Thank you, Ibim! Great to hear that
I do have a question. In the example of water in a glass. If we set the sensing range to the distance of the cup, the sensor will detect the cup, with or without water. The water will only change in height (when being filled) not in distance because the distance difference in this case will literally be the thickness of the cup? So can you adjust the sensing range to the thickness of the cup or do you use the sensor to detect height difference not distance difference?
I have often used a capacitive sensor on the side of a glass or plastic tank. I mount the sensor against the tank wall and then adjust the sensitivity so that it is "just not detecting" the tank wall. As the tank fills, the change of capacitance due to the liquid level will be sensed by the sensor. The sensor needs to be selected to be able to have a field much deeper than the wall thickness and have a way to adjust the sensitivity.
Nice video
Thank you!
Hello, may I ask that can capacitive proximity sensor used to differentiate between non-metal materials such as plastic and paper?? Or is there any other suggestions to differentiate paper and plastic?
Capacitive sensors come in various configurations, but as useful as they are, they do have limitations. My suggestion is to test the type of sensor you want to use with the materials you want to detect. Plastic sheets and -single-layer paper objects are difficult to detect, but newer capacitance sensors and LED laser sensors can be used successfully for this purpose.
Good video
Glad you enjoyed it!
Great ❤✌️
Thank you so much!
It's is very helpful thanks.
Can we use this sensor to detect color on printed film?
No, these sensors can only be used to determine presence of an object. To detect colors, you will need to use a colorimeter or visible light spectrophotometer.
Thank you very much. could you please share something about the colorimeter or visible light.
Hi,
I have a two wire AC NC capacitive sensor. I want to see the counting process of objects on the screen. Which product should I use with the sensor ?
Hi Osman,
Thank you for your question, and we'll do our best to grant you some guiding answers.
It seems that some essential engineering data of the sensor was not provided in your inquiry, making it challenging to offer a complete solution. When mentioning the screen, I'm unsure about your specific engineering requirements. However, one approach to address your needs could involve using a PLC with a custom program and connecting it to an HMI panel. Additionally, if your capacitor sensor's current load capacity is 24V/500mA, employing a counter relay connection properly wired to the sensor should suffice.
I would recommend checking out RS-online.com, an online electronic store where you may find the necessary components for your project.
Hope this helps!
can capacitive proximity sensor detect electricity inside water?
Hi there,
Thank you for your question!
My apologies, but based on my understanding, achieving this with a capacitive sensor seems impossible. However, there are alternative engineering devices that can accomplish the task.
Keep learning and exploring with RealPars
hello! can i ask a question. do the capacitive proximity sensor have a measurements size limit of an object or what is the smallest size or measurement of a paper and plastic that capacitive proximity sensor can detect? are there any minimum sizes that the sensor can detect? because we can't find any study that can support our research, and do you know where can we find it.
thank u, i hope u can see my comment
There are a couple of rules of thumb regarding target size (I do not know where these came from originally). The target should be at least the size of the sensors active surface. For a standard 18mm sensor, that would be a target of at least 18 mm square.
The second rule of thumb states that the target should be at least 3 times the sensing distance, so using the same sensor, at a sensing distance of 30mm, the target should be at least 90mm x 90mm. The larger size should be used when both rules are applied. Of course, these are design considerations, and validation of these sizes would need to be made in the field during testing.
Could you please provide formula of this sensor how to convert physical quantity into electrical signal
I am a student of your channel
I want to know that if i have hot water steel tank and i want to control the water level by using the sensor but from tank out side than in that condition which sensor i have to use their ?
Thank you for your inquiry. Given that we are not familiar with the specifics of your engineering design, there are various sensor options available to you. These include flow sensors, liters/gallon sensors for your piping, radar sensors, and laser sensors. Your choice will ultimately depend on the details of your design. To help you explore these options further, we recommend reviewing the offerings from reputable global manufacturers of sensors and measuring devices. You can find a range of products and solutions at the following links:
Keyence - Sensors and Measuring Devices www.keyence.com/products/
Omega - Sensor Solutions www.omega.com/en-us/
We hope this information assists you in making an informed decision. Happy learning and designing with RealPars!
I have an application where the sensor (dielectric plates) need to be installed remotely from the circuitry of the sensor. Can I purchase the dielectric plates and circuitry separately? If so, from where?
Thank you for your inquiry. The dielectric plates and electronic circuitry are integral components of the sensor and cannot be separated. To achieve your desired functionality, you can consider obtaining a capacitor sensor along with an electronic module designed to power the sensor and receive its output based on your specific configuration. Subsequently, you can configure the module to transmit a signal to a PLC or the intended device.
For further guidance and potential purchase options, I recommend exploring the following links from companies that specialize in sensor technology:
Keyence www.keyence.com/products/sensor/
RS Components us.rs-online.com/sensors/proximity-sensors/
We hope you find these resources helpful in pursuing your project. Happy learning from RealPars!
Great vid mate but may I ask, is there any capacitive sensor that are capable for arduino. Also a sensor capable to detect a paper and plastic in enough distance like half a meter because our research is on waste segregation. Pls do try to reply as it can help our proposal
Thank you for your question. I can’t tell you exactly what you need, but many vendors worldwide have products you can use with your system that can detect all kinds of items, including color-related items. Have you contacted your local sensor product vendors in your area? Here are two links that might be able to help you with what you are looking for in your design. It just takes a little searching. These vendors are global, if I am not mistaken.
www.keyence.com/about-us/network/local.jsp
us.rs-online.com
Hello, may I ask if this sensor can detect empty plastic bottles? Because I have this sensor but it can't detect the bottle unless it has water in it.
Hi Christine,
Thank you for your question!
The response varies based on the sensor type and whether it has a fixed or adjustable setting. For adjustable sensors, it's essential to fine-tune the sensitivity, as we explained in our video. Don't be discouraged if it takes a few attempts to get it right. Additionally, take into account the speed at which the plastic bottle moves in front of the sensor, considering the sensor's reaction time for detecting the bottle.
We wish you productive learning with RealPars
Is there a sensor that can count the number of products on a refrigerator tray and when a product is added it increments the counter, and decrements the counter when a product is removed
Thank you for your question. To clarify, a sensor typically functions as a single device, commonly employed as an input for an electronic circuit board or a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). As you rightly pointed out, the software manages all logic operations, including addition and subtraction when interfacing with a PLC. Achieving addition and subtraction functionalities might involve utilizing two sensors: one for addition and another for subtraction. Additionally, alternatives such as imaging cameras present numerous possibilities to accomplish your desired outcome. There exist various methods and technologies to achieve your objectives.
Happy learning!
Why we use Zero feedback signal in NPN Sensor. What is the significant.
The common, or zero feedback on an NPN switch is required to "drain" current through the transistor circuit when the switch is activated.
Can I adjust it only to detect one type of material like plastic only!?
No, not with a capacitance type sensor. These sensors simply detect presence and cannot differentiate between materials. There are special LED-based sensors that can differentiate between materials, but they are much more expensive and require a thorough understanding of the limitations of the sensors so that the right sensor can be matched to your application.
👍❤️
can capacity sensor detect only non living object not human ........or is their is any other hardware which can detect only object
I do not know of any capacitance sensor that can reject human objects (hands, etc.) yet still detect other objects. I suppose if you had glass objects, you could set up a system that requires light to diffuse through the object, with a detector set up at the refractive angle. Human parts would block all light, which could be programmed to be ignored.
At which sensing range we detect the paper??
Thank you so much for asking such a thoughtful question. It's a really great one, though I must admit, it's a bit tricky to give a straightforward answer because sensors can vary quite a bit depending on the manufacturer. It's important to find the right sensor for your specific needs and environment. To help you out, I've included some links where you can learn more about sensors from various manufacturers. I hope this helps!
www.turck.us/en/
us.rs-online.com/customer/login/?source=myaccount
www.keyence.com/products/
💯
Hi, could this sensor measure the percentage of water inside the ballast layer of railway tracks?
Hi Ahmed,
Thank you for your query. Regrettably, this is not possible. To perform such calculations, you would require a more advanced engineering system, specialized measuring equipment, and a PLC or a computer capable of handling the necessary mathematical computations. We encourage your continued learning journey with RealPars!
Do they have shielded Capacitive sensors?
If you are referring to the wiring, the cabling typically is shielded. If you are referring to the device itself, many capacitance sensors are RFI "immune". RFI/EMI( interference used to be a big problem with most capacitance sensors, but modern sensors perform very well with little chance of RFI/EMI interference. Look for sensors with high signal-to-noise ratios.
@@realpars thank you.
Which circuits present inside the sensor body? From your video I can understand that some micro switches are present for NO and NC operation correct me if i am wrong. Apart from micro switches which circuits present inside the sensor body? My English is not good please excuse me
Capacitance sensors typically have an oscillator in the sensor and a trigger circuit that senses when the oscillatory field shape changes (i.e., an object moves close to the sensor). when the switch triggers, it changes the state of a transistor output circuit, either NO or NC.
@@realpars thank you very much sir
Which proximity sensor can detect pvc and metal stud inside a wall?
Thank you for your question.
A capacitor sensor can detect various materials, but it needs to be connected to an electronic controlling device to provide power and calibration. It sounds like you might be looking for a stud finder, which is readily available on Amazon or at your local hardware store.
Happy learning!
@@realpars Thank you for your response, I wanted to make my own Stud Finder, what components will I be needed to make my own?
With this sensor or with any sensor can we know which object is being detected??
Not easily. Some sensors can be "tuned" for a certain capacitance range, but not to discern between different materials. I could have three sensors each tuned for a different capacitance range along the same conveyor and perhaps be able to detect three different materials as they pass by, but this is not easy to do unless the capacitance values for the materials in question are vastly different. Even then, it is likely one or more of the sensors will detect multiple materials.
Okayy...thank you so much for your response...
question, can a capacitive sensor detect if something is moist or not?
Capacitance sensors can be used to detect moisture in soil, but these sensors are not quite the same as shown in this video. They need to be submerged in the soil. Capacitance sensors as shown in this video (proximity sensors) are not useful for detecting a wet part or object.
protosupplies.com/product/capacitive-soil-moisture-sensor-module/
How to identify the Sensor type is PNP (or) NPN one, when the name plate details/sticker is tarred
Trace the wiring back to the PLC card. For PNP sensors, the Negative side (blue wire) is connected to common. For NPN sensors, the Positive side (brown wire) is connected to common.
Thank you for your Reply
Hi Stalin, Identification is not easy because both NPN and PNP sensors look identical and therefore almost impossible to determine by examining them physically.
Here’s another method you might use if you know the sensor is functioning correctly. Let’s assume that the power supply is 24VDC and the sensor is a normally-open type. First thing to do is connect a voltmeter from the output (black wire) to the power supply return which is connected to the Blue wire. Secondly, activate the sensor which will cause it to close. If the sensor is a PNP type, the voltmeter will read 24VDC. If the sensor is an NPN type, the voltmeter will read 0VDC. If the sensor is normally-closed, the voltmeter readings will be opposite during sensor activation.
Can the sensor be programmed to a specific material?🙏🙏
If you install a sensor that has a sensitivity adjustment, then yes, to some degree, you will be able to "tune" the sensor to your specific material. Some plastics may require a special type of sensor (5- infrared laser diode sensor manufactured by IDEC or ProPhotinix). These special sensors come in a variety of wavelengths to detect various plastic materials.
@@realpars thank you
@@realpars Could you please explain it to us in a video☺️☺️🥰👍
@@realpars Is it possible for my material sensor to be a highly sensitive sensor at a distance and penetrate the object to detect the special substance? And sorry for the inconvenience❤️😊🤔🤔
If you give circuitry explanation alongwith this it's more effective... thanks
Hello. Can you add Russian subtitles please? Do not understand some things at all
Hi Bektemis,
Thanks for your comment! We currently only provide our course videos in English, you are always able to turn on the English subtitles as that might make it a bit easier for you.
Our apologies for any inconvenience!
Happy learning!
Simplified
Very nice
Thank you, Rukhsar!