...as a man with blonde hair and blue eyes, I shall say this: I HAVE NO REP WITH THE NAZIS! I AM JUST A MAN WANTING A CAREER! Also...ayy....you're dark...really...dark. You said a word...that I've never seen very often towards hitler...and now that i've seen this....I shall drink the biggest bleach in the universe. Though, you do not lead an alien army whose most likely conquering the universe, aka why we haven't found alien life yet. (...That shit is also scary...damn).
The fact that the time scale for Galaxy formation is so much longer than the time scale for a human life just shows how on the cosmic time scale, our entire lives pass in the blink of an eye. I wonder if there are life forms that evolved somewhere in the Universe which can, in fact, live for billions of years, and then personally witness the formations of galaxies.
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky That's not likely to be evolutionarily favorable though, once you pass reproductive age evolution has no reason to keep you around. And reproductive age tends to scale with lifespan. And wht kind of creature could survive its habitat changing so much (Formation of galaxies is a pretty big change.)
if there is other life out there, who says they need to adapt to change, unlike earthy creatures maybe they don't have to adapt to anything. Maybe they don't need to evolve. Eg, when we look for other life we look for the chemical make ups that make us... only because thats what we know. other wise we dont even know what to look for at all.... Well, Evolution could maybe be just an Earth thing..
Karl cos That'd be odd, *everything* evolves. Evolution is change. Something that doesn't evolve wouldn't change, it'd just stay at its most primitive level.
+Steve Holmgren The video has nothing to do with Jesus. YOU are just "some guy," Henry is "some guy." I am too. But insignificance doesn't mean non existence. You cannot just wave away beliefs that simply, that's not how things work. I just futily ranted for no reason.
+M1lkweed 761 the argument is that we had non of the knowledge that we do today so there for any explanations or stories or theories that came from 2000 are mute unless you can physically test and observe. say you were making a cake. you can't just have faith that it will turn out. you need to have knowledge as to what is going on. if you make mistake you can go back and try again a different way. faith does not make a cake. and because the cake is lie and Chewbacca is wookie, you must acquit.
+Bill Brasky makes sense really. as the black holes get bigger their gravity pull increases exponentially. so it would be easier for a relatively smaller object to support a galaxy rather then being so large it swallows all the matter.
The universe used to be a lot more tightly packed, so it wasd a lot easier for galaxies to collide and for their central black holes to merge and grow. Now, what originally formed those black holes, which are refered to as intermediate-mass black holes and would be 100-1000000 solar masses is still theoretical. My favorite explanation is called a quasi-star and is basically what would happen if you managed to get more than 1000 solar masses of gas to collapse on itself, something impossible in the universe of today, but possible 10+ billion years ago. Basically, instead of forming a star, the core would collapse all the way into a black hole and then consume the outer layers producing, for a few years, a 'star' that would outshine an entire galaxy of today.
I just want to say I really liked that age analogy, it helped me understand the diverse scope of our study of the universe. Analogies in your videos are very helpful!
It's like Minute Rice. It's not " *one* minute", it's "minute" - some collection of minutes small enough to not bother using a larger term to describe them.
It should not be called invisible matter, like you said it only interacts with the known universe through gravity, it should be called Ethereal Matter.
Actually, air CAN be visible, just not to our eyes. If we could see a wider spectrum of wavelengths or down to the microscopic level then we could see air. I mean, if you just wave your hand around you will feel frictional drag due to the air. The word "invisible" in his suggestion is not just that it only interacts via gravity, but that it DOESN'T interact via the electromagnetic force which means it is IMPOSSIBLE to see or feel since light doesn't interact with it and there will be no frictional force to feel.
Weell, i reckon all ordinary matter is opaque to light at some wavelengths, so there's no substance that is truly invisible. But even if we take "invisible" to mean non-em-interactive, dark matter still eschews two forces beyond that, so i like the sentiment of improving the name even more.
wait, if dark matter only interacts with gravity, I wonder if it's possible to exist a "dark matter black hole", which would just be a random point in space that attracts things with extreme force but of course it wouldn't "eat" anything, the attracted stuff would just be there in the middle of if unable to leave
I mean, we do know what regular black holes are made up of, kinda. They are basically stars that got compressed by their own gravity. so, technically, they are made out of normal matter. A LOT of normal matter.
That's a really interesting question, but I'm pretty sure black holes, that were created from dark matter would not be different from normal black holes, because outwardly, black holes only have three properties: spin, mass and electric charge. Of course, a dark matter black hole couldn't carry any charge, as long as there is no normal matter falling in, but to my knowledge it is believed, that most normal black holes don't carry a strong charge anyway, because that would be neutralized by stuff falling in. And since we can't even describe the center of normal black hole, it's highly speculative, how dark matter holes would differ there. But still, imagining how those holes could form is pretty fun. If they really don't differ from normal black holes they could still be taking into consideration, if we find more black holes in one place, than we would expect to originate from collapsing stars. I guess that's not going to be easy though, since black holes are not that easy to detect.
its is posible but such objects would probly not have formed becase the reason we have dence objects like stars and planets and black holes is becase of collapse. say we have a cloud of dust in space is will have some angular kinetic energy so as it starts to colaps by its gravity it must conserve angular kinetic energy so as the cloud gets smaller it must spin faster till it is spining to fast to continue collapseing. form normal matter this is no problem because there is more interactions then just gravity so other forces like EM make the particals lose angular kinetic energy most of it is converted to thermal energy (heat in the cloud) this lose of angular energy makes the cloud collaps more and this proses of collapse will continune untill some from of internal presuer stops it or it colapses into a black hole (outcome depends on mass). but for dark matter it is a different outcome there is not way for the dark matter to lose angular kinetic energy so it will just stay a rotating cloud. and this is what we see in galaxies the dark matter in galaxies forms a halo with low dencity in the center of the galaxy we know this because galaxies have flat rotation curves. here are some resorses arxiv.org/pdf/1605.04269v1.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1503.05924v1.pdf
Because Ghandi continued his Britain out of India campaign during World War II instead of temporarily halting to focus on the greater evil of Hitler's Germany?
Well, it's not that easy, there are these things commonly referred to as "dwarf galaxies" that don't have super massive black holes at the center, yet are to large to be considered just star clusters.
Great video as always! I'm trying to figure out why 122 people disliked this..... they must be literal young earth creationists fuming about your simple but elegant illustration of how we can see stages of galaxy processes despite it taking hundreds of millions of years.
Galaxies are formed around the area with the largest gravitational pull which is always a blackhole if there is one. This is why galaxies are much bigger than clusters of stars.
Ethan DeRuby The supermassive Black holes came from the first stars to go supernova. They started out as normal sized black holes but consumed so much that they quickly pulled in stars and formed galaxies. The first star In an area to go supernova always becomes the centre of the galaxy.
Please tell how The North Star can be seen from the southern hemisphere... seems impossible to me. because it is directly over top the north pole. and it never moves.
the stars don't actually move the way we see them move, the earth just rotates. fun fact polaris is actually a multiple star system. it contains a central supergiant two smaller companion stars and two more distant companion stars. just found that out. and you shouldn't be able to see the north star from the south pole.
Unless you build a REALLY tall tower then you can't see the North Star from anywhere in the southern hemisphere. Actually, there might be a mountain or two just south of the equator that you can see the north star from on really clear nights. You could look it up if you are interested.
Warren Shull An even better question would be: Why don’t we see clusters of stars turning into galaxies, or super massive black holes that supposedly are at the center of every galaxy just floating by themselves in between galaxies.
I've heard this sentiment so many times that i wonder when we will see textbooks that don't say "Dark matter (should be called invisible matter)" but rather "Invisible matter (also referred to as dark matter)".
the most important question is: How did the clumps of dark matter form? Because if everything expanded from one singularity with the big bang, the matter/dark matter should be evenly spread across space. And following this there must have been the same forces on every particle making it stand still. Only a slight disturbance of the balance could have caused the clumps of dark matter to form. Where did it come from?
That's a key question in modern astronomy, which has an explanation in the wildly believed, but not conclusively proven inflation model. It is believed, that the universe expanded with a factor of at least 10^26 in the time shortly after the big bang, before any protons and neutrons could form. As such, quantum fluctuations in the density of matter would be blown up to an astronomical scale, which is what is responsible for the structure of galaxy clusters as we see them today.
nice also I didn't know that dark matter could have clumps and I also didn't know that dark matter clumps are what caused the formation of particle clusters. I always thought their individual gravity, however slight, brought them together.
It does bring them together, but they just perpetually orbit each other. Dark matter doesn't even interact with itself (except through gravity), so it doesn't stay together like a star or planet would, it just perpetually swirls around itself and other massive objects. Through some quirks of mathematics you can get regions where DM is more dense than others, which are what this video describes as "clumps" of DM.
Apart from the video itself I'm really happy to see more of the original pencil and pen style coming back. The animated videos are nice but this format is unique :)
We are looking into a window of time. The amount time it takes for light to reach us is very long so what we see from those distant galaxies is from a very long time ago. Who knows what they look like now.
What do you do with all of your sheets of paper after you release a video? Do you file them away for later reference? Recycle them? Let them sit in an ever growing pile in the corner of your room?
That's the same question I ask my self often: At which point exactly is a group of trees a forest? Or how big exactly is the smallest meadow? There is no clear definition of that. A group of 10 trees can be called a small forest or just a bunch of trees. This is the same as asking how many stars does the smallest galaxy have.
This is kind of unrelated but I have a question about the law of conservation of energy. Keep in mind I'm in 8th grade so I really only have a middle school text book understanding on the law of conservation of energy. (This will be a very basic example of my question, using easy numbers and unreliable scenarios) Infer there is 1 J of energy, and two people in the universe. Now say it takes 1J of energy to take a single step. So what would happen if these two people were to simultaneously take a step? Would one of them be unable to move? The only way I could patch up this paradox was to guess (again, very basic example) that for every foot of matter, there is a spectrum of 1-10J, 1J being the minimum amount of work, and 10J being the most amount of work. So essentially anything regarding energy that could happen to X amount of matter is put within a spectrum, 1-10J being used to represent a foot of matter. So my answer is for every foot of matter in the universe there is 20J of E.
I think that supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies play a major role in their formation since you can see that most have a spiral design which seemes as if they are getting pulled slowly and slowly, please do share your thoughts too.
I wonder if supermassive black holes which are typically located in the center of galaxies had any kind of influence on the formation of their galaxies or vice versa.
Glad you're making more videos lately, i really am, but this video offered no information. "we dont know a lot about galaxies, except that they start off as not galaxies, then turn into galaxies. the end"
I love how science channels like this, other minute channeks, and veritasium, and even vsauce was not huge at one point. anyways educational videos are a big part of what I watch on RUclips making up about 35% just behind the 50% which is gaming
Oh man, I cannot wait for the James Webb! We're going to learn so much! Well, I mean, I obviously can because I have to, but I really would rather not.
I watched few years ago a movie on Discovery Science about DIRECT COLLAPSE. This theory says that galaxies were created by supermassive black holes that were "Never the star". Gas collapsing didnt create stars but directly black holes. This theory explain why every galaxy has super-massive black hole in its core and why those black holes are so big. Black holes created all galaxies (like our Milky Way) and in "some" time in future they will devour them. :D So everything you see around you was created because of black hole and the same black hole will destroy it.
"Dark matter" should be called "dark gravity." We observe the effect of gravity from an unknown source. Until we know what that source is, this observation should be named based on what we know about it (that it's gravity) and not named based on what we think it might be. just FYI.
I have always wondered this and was hoping u guys could tell me. So if everything expanded from the Big Bang we could say that, it was the centre of the universe and we can track where that is by looking how everything moves in relation to each other. What I am trying to say is "do we know where the centre of the universe is?"
No, as far as I know we're pretty sure the Universe doesn't have a centre. My understanding is it basically expanded everywhere at once, if that makes anything close to sense.
The Big Bang was an expansion of space-time as well - there was no preexisting space for the universe to occupy. And as far as we know the universe is infinite, so there is no center.
The big bang caused our observable universe and more to expand. Not one part of the universe and not from a single point, *everything* expanded. We are the center of our observable universe, rewinding time everything seems to come back to us. But we are not special, any point in the universe can do the same.
There is no center of the universe, the big bang happened everywhere. It was a much more dense space that expanded itself into a more diluted one like we have today.
are they ever going to launch james webb or is it just forever going to be this next level telescope that any day now, could replace hubble but never does anything but sit in a warehouse.
Dark matter is probably the least satisfying concept in all of science. There's got to be something more elegant than magic invisible attractive stuff.
The last time I was this early "The last time I was this early "The last time I was this early" jokes were funny" jokes were funny. (I added speech marks so it might make sense.)
my therioes: theory one: a start went super nova and had a black hole in the center all the gasses started to orbit the black hole forming a mini galaxy no stars Yet and then other galaxies colided with each other which form what we call a regular galaxy theory two: there was a black hole trapping a lot of gasess into orbit forming mini galaxies and other supermassive black hole started collecting gases to orbit it and make stars and planets which form what we call a regular galaxy
The James Webb Space Telescope is very cool, and brings up amazing observations. But they should have launched the Jack Webb Space Telescope, so we would get "Just the facts, Ma'am."
So with the 10 minutes to observe humanity thing it's actually fairly interesting if you consider the the constraints of being able to observe humanity. Say for instance you don't get to look at all people in the world for 10 minutes, but just a sample of people. You need to pick a location from where to observe people to get the most information. So say we pick a very crowded mall. We might see people in most stages of life, such as infant, child, teen, adult, and old person. There is even a good chance we would see a pregnant woman. But then the chances of seeing a pregnant woman go into labor at this crowded mall is fairly slim, and even if one did it's unlikely you would see an entire birth in that time. Furthermore, it's unlikely we would see the act of copulation at the mall. And even if we witnessed someone die, we wouldn't witness anything really about what happens to a dead person. I'm not talking afterlife with that one, I'm talking the whole funeral thing and putting a dead body in the ground. I point this all out, because while we can observe the universe in various stages thanks to it taking light so long to reach us, we at best are making educated guesses as to how specifics happen and in what order. It seems logical that an infant becomes a child and that child becomes a teen and so on, but how exactly did that woman get pregnant? We might make some educated guesses that it has something to do with an exchange of DNA between two people and that's why children often look like their parents that we observe elsewhere in the mall. Of course these guesses might not happen if we happen in this 10 minute window observe adopted children. The fact that they are adopted isn't likely to come up at all, so to us we would just see 'This kid that looks totally different than the parents is still their child' thus making us not realize the whole biological exchange thing that needed to happen. Likewise, you talk about clumps of matter and dark matter pre-universe, but again we only have educated guesses. But where did these clumps originally come from? It's like we've noticed a pregnant woman and said 'Oh that's where babies come from' but we have no clue on how she got pregnant in the first place.
If the first stars formed when large amounts of dark matter clumped together and pulled gas into the clump, why didn't the dark matter get in the way of the atoms and prevent them from fusing? I know dark matter doesn't interact much, but with that much of it in once place, I would expect it to still limit interactions between atoms and result in a large clump of dark matter with a shell of gaseous atoms that couldn't fuse.
i like how humans can relate their life to everything , like the laws of physics and stuff. its like everything works the same somewhat. other than quantum stuff lol
Oi, there's some kind of problem with the right audio channel. I was hearing snaps of truncated sound waves where I assume cuts were made. I'd suggest cleaning it up, but we all know YT doesn't let you "fix" videos.
So if gravity forms galaxies, does the largest observable galaxy represent the limits of gravitational reach? Since there are no other cluster patterns in space beyond galaxies.
OK now explain how 7 orange balls can summon a wish granting dragon
"+Adolf Hitler you're my hero", that's something you don't hear/see very often...
+Ayy Lmao ayy that was the wrong thing to say
lol Plz
...as a man with blonde hair and blue eyes, I shall say this: I HAVE NO REP WITH THE NAZIS! I AM JUST A MAN WANTING A CAREER! Also...ayy....you're dark...really...dark. You said a word...that I've never seen very often towards hitler...and now that i've seen this....I shall drink the biggest bleach in the universe. Though, you do not lead an alien army whose most likely conquering the universe, aka why we haven't found alien life yet. (...That shit is also scary...damn).
Im gay xdxdxdxd
Well son, when a mama galaxy and a papa galaxy love each other very much...
The last time I was this early the "UK was in the EU" joke was funny
you said it: WAS
👏👏
+Francesca Taddia meaning he found it funny but not anymore
+Official ZZ in fact it's not funny anymore
you that he said it: you said it: WAS
if all I had to do was say "yo" I'd have all the galaxies
You would be a black hole with that amount of attraction.
you see those 2 galaxies, thats milky and dromeda, dromeda has a crush on milky and is about to smash into milky
Last time I was this early, UK was .... damn, late again.
+1 for a sliver of originality. :P
I don't understand? Whats this joke about UK and EU???
I don't understand? Whats this joke about UK and EU???
+Micropela are you dumb?
Johnny Blaze Oh no. I'm serious! I don't get it.
I was a big gassy baby from what my mother told, but I'm not a galaxy.
+Eli Reid I see... If my mother never changed my diapers I could have become a galaxy.
underrated comment
Plus, he had a black hole. Pff, and his mother was wondering where all the milk went...
I got a big laugh out of your comment, and the reply comments. Thanks for that !
A gassy baby surrounded by dark matter... ew! Hahaha
I'm so excited for the James Webb Space Telescope! Can't wait to see what advancements it brings us :D
You must've loved this last week :D
The fact that the time scale for Galaxy formation is so much longer than the time scale for a human life just shows how on the cosmic time scale, our entire lives pass in the blink of an eye. I wonder if there are life forms that evolved somewhere in the Universe which can, in fact, live for billions of years, and then personally witness the formations of galaxies.
It'd be hard to evolve if you live for billions of years. Kinda limits the generations you can fit in.
Not if you reproduce very early in your lifespan.
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky
That's not likely to be evolutionarily favorable though, once you pass reproductive age evolution has no reason to keep you around. And reproductive age tends to scale with lifespan. And wht kind of creature could survive its habitat changing so much (Formation of galaxies is a pretty big change.)
if there is other life out there, who says they need to adapt to change, unlike earthy creatures maybe they don't have to adapt to anything. Maybe they don't need to evolve. Eg, when we look for other life we look for the chemical make ups that make us... only because thats what we know. other wise we dont even know what to look for at all....
Well, Evolution could maybe be just an Earth thing..
Karl cos
That'd be odd, *everything* evolves. Evolution is change. Something that doesn't evolve wouldn't change, it'd just stay at its most primitive level.
Great video, and great alien stick figure
.. and the alien stick figure only needs two more lines to become a humanoid cat stick figure!
"Yo" "
why?
+theepicsealshow123
Watch the video
+theepicsealshow123 "attraction"...
+Steve Holmgren The video has nothing to do with Jesus. YOU are just "some guy," Henry is "some guy." I am too. But insignificance doesn't mean non existence. You cannot just wave away beliefs that simply, that's not how things work.
I just futily ranted for no reason.
+M1lkweed 761 the argument is that we had non of the knowledge that we do today so there for any explanations or stories or theories that came from 2000 are mute unless you can physically test and observe. say you were making a cake. you can't just have faith that it will turn out. you need to have knowledge as to what is going on. if you make mistake you can go back and try again a different way. faith does not make a cake. and because the cake is lie and Chewbacca is wookie, you must acquit.
I wanna see a video on how supermassive black holes formed.
All I could find was this crappy article
I believe it happens when a large star collapses in on itself, though I'm not sure.
+Bill Brasky makes sense really. as the black holes get bigger their gravity pull increases exponentially. so it would be easier for a relatively smaller object to support a galaxy rather then being so large it swallows all the matter.
The universe used to be a lot more tightly packed, so it wasd a lot easier for galaxies to collide and for their central black holes to merge and grow. Now, what originally formed those black holes, which are refered to as intermediate-mass black holes and would be 100-1000000 solar masses is still theoretical.
My favorite explanation is called a quasi-star and is basically what would happen if you managed to get more than 1000 solar masses of gas to collapse on itself, something impossible in the universe of today, but possible 10+ billion years ago. Basically, instead of forming a star, the core would collapse all the way into a black hole and then consume the outer layers producing, for a few years, a 'star' that would outshine an entire galaxy of today.
with a really sick guitar riff
Last time I saw an original awesome comment was.. lol never
Lol same
Lol irony
after reading this comment... lol same
Maaannn, fuck all of y'all. I'mma be original as fuck.
Oh hey, I saw you on Dan's channel
I just want to say I really liked that age analogy, it helped me understand the diverse scope of our study of the universe. Analogies in your videos are very helpful!
this was longer than a minute.. i want my money back
Here's your 0$.
That's not how it works, you watched more than the first minute so now you have to pay extra.
It's not one minute physics you know. It hasn't been one minute physics for a long time now.
It's like Minute Rice. It's not " *one* minute", it's "minute" - some collection of minutes small enough to not bother using a larger term to describe them.
You want your money "back" as if you've paid to watch this video?
It should not be called invisible matter, like you said it only interacts with the known universe through gravity, it should be called Ethereal Matter.
That's a really cool name for matter.
Yeah, air is invisible too, but that doesn't make it dark matter.
Actually, air CAN be visible, just not to our eyes. If we could see a wider spectrum of wavelengths or down to the microscopic level then we could see air. I mean, if you just wave your hand around you will feel frictional drag due to the air. The word "invisible" in his suggestion is not just that it only interacts via gravity, but that it DOESN'T interact via the electromagnetic force which means it is IMPOSSIBLE to see or feel since light doesn't interact with it and there will be no frictional force to feel.
Weell, i reckon all ordinary matter is opaque to light at some wavelengths, so there's no substance that is truly invisible. But even if we take "invisible" to mean non-em-interactive, dark matter still eschews two forces beyond that, so i like the sentiment of improving the name even more.
minutephysics the best channel for confused people or to confuse people even more!
"Everything was just spread out gas and a LOT of dark matter"
Sounds like the Universe had some really bad Taco Bell.
Awesome and informative! It was fun hanging out with you this weekend!
wait, if dark matter only interacts with gravity, I wonder if it's possible to exist a "dark matter black hole", which would just be a random point in space that attracts things with extreme force but of course it wouldn't "eat" anything, the attracted stuff would just be there in the middle of if unable to leave
Do we even know what regular black holes are made up of though? Maybe they all are just what you described?
but you know even the dark matter is in motion, so if something was fix to a dark matter it would still be roaming in space
I mean, we do know what regular black holes are made up of, kinda. They are basically stars that got compressed by their own gravity. so, technically, they are made out of normal matter. A LOT of normal matter.
That's a really interesting question,
but I'm pretty sure black holes, that were created from dark matter would not be different from normal black holes, because outwardly, black holes only have three properties: spin, mass and electric charge. Of course, a dark matter black hole couldn't carry any charge, as long as there is no normal matter falling in, but to my knowledge it is believed, that most normal black holes don't carry a strong charge anyway, because that would be neutralized by stuff falling in.
And since we can't even describe the center of normal black hole, it's highly speculative, how dark matter holes would differ there.
But still, imagining how those holes could form is pretty fun. If they really don't differ from normal black holes they could still be taking into consideration, if we find more black holes in one place, than we would expect to originate from collapsing stars.
I guess that's not going to be easy though, since black holes are not that easy to detect.
its is posible but such objects would probly not have formed becase the reason we have dence objects like stars and planets and black holes is becase of collapse. say we have a cloud of dust in space is will have some angular kinetic energy so as it starts to colaps by its gravity it must conserve angular kinetic energy so as the cloud gets smaller it must spin faster till it is spining to fast to continue collapseing. form normal matter this is no problem because there is more interactions then just gravity so other forces like EM make the particals lose angular kinetic energy most of it is converted to thermal energy (heat in the cloud) this lose of angular energy makes the cloud collaps more and this proses of collapse will continune untill some from of internal presuer stops it or it colapses into a black hole (outcome depends on mass). but for dark matter it is a different outcome there is not way for the dark matter to lose angular kinetic energy so it will just stay a rotating cloud. and this is what we see in galaxies the dark matter in galaxies forms a halo with low dencity in the center of the galaxy we know this because galaxies have flat rotation curves.
here are some resorses
arxiv.org/pdf/1605.04269v1.pdf
arxiv.org/pdf/1503.05924v1.pdf
love it how you guys are just getting wittier and crisp in a few details!
Ghandi is actually hitler's pet giraffe
-Albert Einstein
Because Ghandi continued his Britain out of India campaign during World War II instead of temporarily halting to focus on the greater evil of Hitler's Germany?
*Gandhi.
John Doe Do you mean the Quit India Movement...?
+John Doe Colonialism was the greater evil. Ghandhi (not the giraffe) did just fine.
"Don't trust any quotes you read on the internet."
-Abraham Lincoln
That little doodle at 0:58 is super adorable
Galaxies have a super massive black hole at the center, star clusters do not. You're welcome.
Well, it's not that easy, there are these things commonly referred to as "dwarf galaxies" that don't have super massive black holes at the center, yet are to large to be considered just star clusters.
It's great using a topical sponsor for your video, it makes sense and held my interest more.
cluster cluster that cluster together is commonly known as a "cluster fuck".
Great video as always! I'm trying to figure out why 122 people disliked this..... they must be literal young earth creationists fuming about your simple but elegant illustration of how we can see stages of galaxy processes despite it taking hundreds of millions of years.
what do you guys like better MinutePhysics or MinuteEarth?
Minute physics
Minute physics, the early episodes.
Physics. I am a science guy
Physics because I don't really enjoy biology (I do, just not as much)
MinutePhysics
Galaxies are formed around the area with the largest gravitational pull which is always a blackhole if there is one. This is why galaxies are much bigger than clusters of stars.
STUNTS Where did the super massive black holes that for galaxies come from?
Ethan DeRuby The supermassive Black holes came from the first stars to go supernova. They started out as normal sized black holes but consumed so much that they quickly pulled in stars and formed galaxies. The first star In an area to go supernova always becomes the centre of the galaxy.
Please tell how The North Star can be seen from the southern hemisphere... seems impossible to me. because it is directly over top the north pole. and it never moves.
You can't see Polaris anywhere below the equator, because it would be below the horizon at all times.
the stars don't actually move the way we see them move, the earth just rotates. fun fact polaris is actually a multiple star system. it contains a central supergiant two smaller companion stars and two more distant companion stars. just found that out. and you shouldn't be able to see the north star from the south pole.
+Mere Silk Don't know what are you seeing, but you most deffinitelly can't see Polaris (North star) from south hemisphere.
Unless you build a REALLY tall tower then you can't see the North Star from anywhere in the southern hemisphere.
Actually, there might be a mountain or two just south of the equator that you can see the north star from on really clear nights. You could look it up if you are interested.
+Michael Williams that tower would have to be massive.
That was a clever potty joke at 2:24! Well played.
it's okay I'm only five minutes late
I like minutephysics because his videos are short, entertaining, well-made and get straight to the point. Keep up the good work!
From Samsung... Logic.
LMAO
Question: Since we are seeing into the past, toward the beginning of time, how are we seeing so many later stage galaxies and so few early ones?
Warren Shull An even better question would be: Why don’t we see clusters of stars turning into galaxies, or super massive black holes that supposedly are at the center of every galaxy just floating by themselves in between galaxies.
The Big Bang theory (not the show) is shit. Who made the first thing?????
Last time i was this early Last time i was this early joke are still funny
They were never funny.
it was before big bang,.
It was funny.
But everything changed when the fire nation attacked.
ok no.
According to Christians, God did it...
Frank Xu Seems to me like a better explanation than his.
“The fool said it in his heart, there is no God.”
I've heard this sentiment so many times that i wonder when we will see textbooks that don't say "Dark matter (should be called invisible matter)" but rather "Invisible matter (also referred to as dark matter)".
Skip the video, the answer is who the fuck knows. You're welcome.
the most important question is: How did the clumps of dark matter form? Because if everything expanded from one singularity with the big bang, the matter/dark matter should be evenly spread across space. And following this there must have been the same forces on every particle making it stand still. Only a slight disturbance of the balance could have caused the clumps of dark matter to form. Where did it come from?
God did it.
That is still one of the unknowns about the (very) early universe.
Another is: Why is there more matter than anti-matter?
That's a key question in modern astronomy, which has an explanation in the wildly believed, but not conclusively proven inflation model. It is believed, that the universe expanded with a factor of at least 10^26 in the time shortly after the big bang, before any protons and neutrons could form.
As such, quantum fluctuations in the density of matter would be blown up to an astronomical scale, which is what is responsible for the structure of galaxy clusters as we see them today.
Small amounts of philosophy leads to atheism, but larger amounts brings us back to God. ~ Francis Bacon
interesting, so everything is actually a product of probability and randomness?
I disagree
Interesting.
I disagree with you disagreeing
I too enjoy disagreeing with facts
+JASON PERCY who said they were facts you idiot?
Nature?
I keep hearing that all galaxies have super massive black holes in their center. A cluster with such a black hole is a galaxy. Boom!
I love it, we can't even explain galaxies but here ya go here's 20 bajillion of these things we can't even explain
nice
also I didn't know that dark matter could have clumps and I also didn't know that dark matter clumps are what caused the formation of particle clusters. I always thought their individual gravity, however slight, brought them together.
It does bring them together, but they just perpetually orbit each other. Dark matter doesn't even interact with itself (except through gravity), so it doesn't stay together like a star or planet would, it just perpetually swirls around itself and other massive objects. Through some quirks of mathematics you can get regions where DM is more dense than others, which are what this video describes as "clumps" of DM.
I think you really like the consept of the "everywhere stretch"
Veratasium and Minutephysics have uploaded a video today... today was a good day :D
Apart from the video itself I'm really happy to see more of the original pencil and pen style coming back. The animated videos are nice but this format is unique :)
i have been hearing the JWST has found out some stuff which may warrant a revisit on this topic
We are looking into a window of time. The amount time it takes for light to reach us is very long so what we see from those distant galaxies is from a very long time ago. Who knows what they look like now.
What do you do with all of your sheets of paper after you release a video? Do you file them away for later reference? Recycle them? Let them sit in an ever growing pile in the corner of your room?
Toilet paper.
Check out one of the recent behind the scenes video and he'll say that he gives them away to fans.
That's the same question I ask my self often: At which point exactly is a group of trees a forest? Or how big exactly is the smallest meadow? There is no clear definition of that. A group of 10 trees can be called a small forest or just a bunch of trees. This is the same as asking how many stars does the smallest galaxy have.
They uploaded a video. Time to see another one in a month!
This is kind of unrelated but I have a question about the law of conservation of energy. Keep in mind I'm in 8th grade so I really only have a middle school text book understanding on the law of conservation of energy.
(This will be a very basic example of my question, using easy numbers and unreliable scenarios) Infer there is 1 J of energy, and two people in the universe. Now say it takes 1J of energy to take a single step. So what would happen if these two people were to simultaneously take a step? Would one of them be unable to move?
The only way I could patch up this paradox was to guess (again, very basic example) that for every foot of matter, there is a spectrum of 1-10J, 1J being the minimum amount of work, and 10J being the most amount of work. So essentially anything regarding energy that could happen to X amount of matter is put within a spectrum, 1-10J being used to represent a foot of matter. So my answer is for every foot of matter in the universe there is 20J of E.
I didn't have enough space to really get my point across lol, sorry if it's difficult to understand.
I think that supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies play a major role in their formation since you can see that most have a spiral design which seemes as if they are getting pulled slowly and slowly, please do share your thoughts too.
"Big gassy babies..." LOL!!!
What a cool sponsor for this video.
ooooooooooooow getting artsy with the shading
very fancy
I wonder if supermassive black holes which are typically located in the center of galaxies had any kind of influence on the formation of their galaxies or vice versa.
You rock Henry! Thank you for the time and effort you put into making these.
Glad you're making more videos lately, i really am, but this video offered no information. "we dont know a lot about galaxies, except that they start off as not galaxies, then turn into galaxies. the end"
I love how science channels like this, other minute channeks, and veritasium, and even vsauce was not huge at one point. anyways educational videos are a big part of what I watch on RUclips making up about 35% just behind the 50% which is gaming
was this whole video a build up for that pun at the end
you hero
I learn more from these videos than I do in school......
I own a Galaxy!
I lied - I just named one. Working for a space agency is fun!
finally a video... from you and
..... from veritasium also. Please be more active. We all love to see your videos!!!!!!!!
Oh man, I cannot wait for the James Webb! We're going to learn so much! Well, I mean, I obviously can because I have to, but I really would rather not.
Galaxies come from space. Mystery solved. Roll credits.
I can't wait to see what's behind the horizon.
I watched few years ago a movie on Discovery Science about DIRECT COLLAPSE. This theory says that galaxies were created by supermassive black holes that were "Never the star". Gas collapsing didnt create stars but directly black holes. This theory explain why every galaxy has super-massive black hole in its core and why those black holes are so big. Black holes created all galaxies (like our Milky Way) and in "some" time in future they will devour them. :D So everything you see around you was created because of black hole and the same black hole will destroy it.
I love the background music.
God I found you yesterday and I already love your videos since I love physics and Maths. Great channel!
"Dark matter" should be called "dark gravity." We observe the effect of gravity from an unknown source. Until we know what that source is, this observation should be named based on what we know about it (that it's gravity) and not named based on what we think it might be. just FYI.
I have always wondered this and was hoping u guys could tell me. So if everything expanded from the Big Bang we could say that, it was the centre of the universe and we can track where that is by looking how everything moves in relation to each other. What I am trying to say is "do we know where the centre of the universe is?"
No, as far as I know we're pretty sure the Universe doesn't have a centre. My understanding is it basically expanded everywhere at once, if that makes anything close to sense.
The Big Bang was an expansion of space-time as well - there was no preexisting space for the universe to occupy. And as far as we know the universe is infinite, so there is no center.
The big bang caused our observable universe and more to expand. Not one part of the universe and not from a single point, *everything* expanded. We are the center of our observable universe, rewinding time everything seems to come back to us. But we are not special, any point in the universe can do the same.
There is no center of the universe, the big bang happened everywhere. It was a much more dense space that expanded itself into a more diluted one like we have today.
thanks for posting minute physics , where have you been?
This really helped me out with my Homework
Which came first, the giant black holes at the centers of galaxies, or the galaxies around the black holes?
are they ever going to launch james webb or is it just forever going to be this next level telescope that any day now, could replace hubble but never does anything but sit in a warehouse.
JWST is launching this October!
Dark matter is probably the least satisfying concept in all of science. There's got to be something more elegant than magic invisible attractive stuff.
The last time I was this early "The last time I was this early "The last time I was this early" jokes were funny" jokes were funny.
(I added speech marks so it might make sense.)
my therioes:
theory one: a start went super nova and had a black hole in the center all the gasses started to orbit the black hole forming a mini galaxy no stars Yet and then other galaxies colided with each other which form what we call a regular galaxy
theory two: there was a black hole trapping a lot of gasess into orbit forming mini galaxies and other supermassive black hole started collecting gases to orbit it and make stars and planets which form what we call a regular galaxy
This was a really great video! Keep up the great content Minute Physics!
Last time I was this early, the people joking that the "UK was in the EU" joke isn't funny anymore was funny.
Where do super massive black holes fit into the definition/development of galaxies?
The James Webb Space Telescope is very cool, and brings up amazing observations. But they should have launched the Jack Webb Space Telescope, so we would get "Just the facts, Ma'am."
ok but still where did the matter and the stars come from??? eats me alive
wait. minute physics and veritasium upload in the same day?! and they're not collaborating?!
Awesome and amusing at the same time
Those clustered clusters clustered together.
Here is one from my native tongue:Nakakapagpabagabag.
I can't say that fast.
Even not fully understand with your explanation though, always love with your artwork and quality of your vid and other vids too..Nice job Henry
I'm still having a hard time wrapping my head around the fact that extremely far away we are seeing what happened 3 billion years ago right now
Theoretical astrophysics is a house of cards.
So early and so not manny comment, this proof how careless people are about science.
English is not your first language?
+Olcay Im pretty sure he was asking a question. Why do YOU get offended by that? He didnt ask you anything.
Sorry for bad english
So with the 10 minutes to observe humanity thing it's actually fairly interesting if you consider the the constraints of being able to observe humanity. Say for instance you don't get to look at all people in the world for 10 minutes, but just a sample of people. You need to pick a location from where to observe people to get the most information. So say we pick a very crowded mall. We might see people in most stages of life, such as infant, child, teen, adult, and old person. There is even a good chance we would see a pregnant woman.
But then the chances of seeing a pregnant woman go into labor at this crowded mall is fairly slim, and even if one did it's unlikely you would see an entire birth in that time. Furthermore, it's unlikely we would see the act of copulation at the mall. And even if we witnessed someone die, we wouldn't witness anything really about what happens to a dead person. I'm not talking afterlife with that one, I'm talking the whole funeral thing and putting a dead body in the ground.
I point this all out, because while we can observe the universe in various stages thanks to it taking light so long to reach us, we at best are making educated guesses as to how specifics happen and in what order. It seems logical that an infant becomes a child and that child becomes a teen and so on, but how exactly did that woman get pregnant? We might make some educated guesses that it has something to do with an exchange of DNA between two people and that's why children often look like their parents that we observe elsewhere in the mall. Of course these guesses might not happen if we happen in this 10 minute window observe adopted children. The fact that they are adopted isn't likely to come up at all, so to us we would just see 'This kid that looks totally different than the parents is still their child' thus making us not realize the whole biological exchange thing that needed to happen.
Likewise, you talk about clumps of matter and dark matter pre-universe, but again we only have educated guesses. But where did these clumps originally come from? It's like we've noticed a pregnant woman and said 'Oh that's where babies come from' but we have no clue on how she got pregnant in the first place.
If the first stars formed when large amounts of dark matter clumped together and pulled gas into the clump, why didn't the dark matter get in the way of the atoms and prevent them from fusing?
I know dark matter doesn't interact much, but with that much of it in once place, I would expect it to still limit interactions between atoms and result in a large clump of dark matter with a shell of gaseous atoms that couldn't fuse.
i like how humans can relate their life to everything , like the laws of physics and stuff. its like everything works the same somewhat. other than quantum stuff lol
Oi, there's some kind of problem with the right audio channel. I was hearing snaps of truncated sound waves where I assume cuts were made. I'd suggest cleaning it up, but we all know YT doesn't let you "fix" videos.
So if gravity forms galaxies, does the largest observable galaxy represent the limits of gravitational reach? Since there are no other cluster patterns in space beyond galaxies.
I said once that "The Big Stretch" was a far better and more accurate name than the Big Bang.
Everywhere Stretch is also good.
Never have I ever clicked a video so fast just to learn.....