Apple keynote transitions are insane, Mercedes and other companies are coping Apple's keynotes now too, that just shows how Apple is not just making the best products to use, but everything else they touch is amazing.
I always wanted to see someone making a video about this for ages. Their transitions and balanced exposure satisfy me so much. I know how much time-consuming it took to edit this but you’re getting some traction so congrats!!
Yeah, I felt the same when I came up with the video idea. Was so surprised that barely anyone had broken down their events before, in terms of the filmmaking side of things. Was definitely worth the making :)
At 6:30 that transition is actually insane. Really makes you feel they thought “Hey if we can produce shows for Apple TV, we can make some hella great presentations.”
Thanks Ali. That means a lot coming from yourself. Also gotta thank you for putting together PTYA. Was a massive help to me, especially during the super early stages of releasing videos on my channel :)
I have to say I do enjoy these hi-tech keynotes but my favorite part is that Apple really tries to shoot as much high-quality video as possible while only using CGI to enhance certain transitional elements between the video segments. It really is first-class.
From what I know though, the high dynamic range of the footage is not a consequence of the camera being “HDR or not HDR”. In fact, that is not really a thing and I don’t really know any cinema camera to natively shoot in HDR. HDR for video (which is very different from HDR for photos and usually refers to a video being HDR10 or Dolby Vision) is achieved from a multitude of factors, and is not done in camera. But that is not the actual reason the footage in Apple keynotes has this wide dynamic range anyway. The reason for the wide dynamic range that you see in Apple’s video is due to two factors: 1. the camera being cinema grade and having a lot of dynamic range stops (which is an indicator of how wide of a dynamic range the camera can capture). The human eye has 21 stops, and the closest camera to that (from my knowledge) is the ARRI ALEXA 35 with 17 stops. In comparison, an iPhone usually only has 10-11 stops. 2. They shoot in a LOG gamma which also saves a lot more detail both in the shadows and the highlights compared to shooting in a standard REC. 709. The LOG video out of camera does look washed out and lacks contrast. Then they convert this footage to REC. 709 gamma in post and the result is that which you can see. But the end result is not HDR (it’s not HDR10 nor Dolby Vision and it also doesn’t use the REC. 2100 standard for colours), but SDR. What HDR Video is: First, most productions shoot with high quality cinema cameras (RED cameras, ARRI Alexa cameras, Canon C range of cameras etc) in LOG or HLG gamma. Then they take them in post and convert them to REC. 2100 gamma and then eventually export them in HDR10 or Dolby Vision formats. If we are talking about the iPhone 12 and 13 being able to shoot in Dolby Vision HDR, that is a different thing, although similar to what I wrote above. The iPhone camera actually shoots in an HLG gamma and then it does the conversion from HLG to normal REC. 2100 in the background. It also adds Dolby Vision metadata in the background and voilà, they can say their camera shoots in dolby vision HDR. In fact it doesn’t, it just converts HLG video to REC. 2100 Dolby Vision in the background. Nice break down though 👍
@@FAMSHOLINO you don't need dual gain capabilities for HDR video. All you need is a suitable codec that offers 14+ stops of dynamic range. Pretty much every prosumer camera on the market today is HDR capable.
@@bzoa430 I should give context, I don’t have large amounts of money saved up .. so I think it’d be pretty bad deal for you. But if you still insist I’ll take the deal ;)
I remember some years ago, when the Apple Campus was the main headquarter, they made an auction to visit it with an important director. It ended up between 600 and 800K.
I’ve been waiting for someone to make this video sense WWDC 2020. The online events have just blown my mind at how good they are. I tried to replicate one for a school Christmas program that was an entirely prerecorded online event. It was a fun challenge but I didn’t come close to the flawless transitions of Apple.
it was a 2 hour long presentation and it just popped up on my recommendations one random friday evening and i clicked on it as i was curious. before i realized i was already in 1 and a half hours without realising and just to make it clear im not an apple fan or a techie of any kind but i was so engaged into the video that i voluntarily watched the whole thing without getting bored for a second! my attention span is under the sea usually but the transitions, the videography, the explanations just damn good, crisp and clear. thats just absolutely impressive. apple should definitely develop a product related to cinematography expecially for marketing purposes. its crazy dude 😂 also, who the hell are the editors? did apple mention their name credits anywhere?
Oh wow. Thank you Mich. That really means a lot. Making YT videos like this is a lot of work for sure, but it's comments like this that really help to push me to keep it up :)
wait, this video got recommended to me and i watched it al the way through and I actually came back to watch it again cause there was things I was curious about, and on my second watch I realized I wasn't watching some crazy 500K+ subsciber channel, but instead it's just a dude prodiving great information. I don't know how this video doesn't have more views lol. Keep your amazing production up brother
Thanks so much for the kind words Sean. I've had a lot of fun trying to improve my YTcontent from video to video. It's certainly not easy at this early stage in my RUclips journey to keep momentum with releases. But comments like yours really do help to push me to put out more content around topics I'm really passionate and intrigued about :)
Rightttt! i was kept in awe while watching every Apple's keynote, comparing to Google's keynote which seems kind of boring and not immersive at all. Even Apple's ads/commercials are all incredible
They also make a transition with the presenters, when 2 presenters are sharing an scenario, they enter from the left and go by the right and when the second finishes the first enters again from the left. Making you feel like they never left
6:44 lol XDD that is why i like their onstage style more because they made it better in m opinion and that is one of the reasons why I keep watching apple events even tho it is 1am to me when it is streamed, it is just amazing. transition is seamless and feels awesome, you wont see this kind of making in almost any other manufacturer (s) (and it sort of like getting a free film to watch so XDDD)
Aside from how these events are well-thought, one of the few reasons I watch Apple Keynotes is because of Craig. His humor and sense of style are fantastic.
This is what I've been saying even before: Apple innovated the Online Product Presentation event format so much in the Pandemic lockdowns, that it would put Nintendo into shame. Context : Nintendo has been one of the pioneers at this format, starting with their first Nintendo Direct, when they skipped a presentation back in E3 2012. And ever since, their format barely evolved
The big studio is most likely an actual sound stage. Thanks to Apple TV+ they do have a lot of connections to studios already in place so I'd feel like they'd have no problem at all in renting out a studio building for a couple of weeks to shoot material in.
a type of content i have been always wishing for a while, and can you do a video on their commercials too. those are also a superb one. I have to say thanks, already loved it and sub and liked it.
Hey Adam! Congrats on this video going kinda viral. I saw a not so big number of subscribers and small number of views in previous videos so I’m guessing you’re in the right path with this one!! I loved the content and the pace of the video. And I think you nailed the thumbnail and title too. If I can give you a little advice to polish a very little detail, I would recommend you to put some focus on this kind of pattern you do with your voice when you deliver the text that doesn’t sound 100% natural. There’s something about that, that has a repetition in the tone and maybe in the length of the sentences that doesn’t quite fit well with the rest of the video that is produced perfectly. I’m a voice artist and video producer myself and also a fan of good RUclips videos. I admire the way MKBHD makes videos, for example. Maybe this “pattern” is your natural way or maybe you do this on purpose and if that is the case please forget that I mentioned it. If not, I recommend you to “hear” MKBHD’s videos, maybe Nerdwriter too and if I remember some other I will put it in a further comment. Anyway. Congratulations again for this video and please continue creating great stuff!! I think you are going to be a big RUclipsr 🚀 Cheers! ✌🏻
Hey Geremy. Thanks so much for the message. It's interesting that you say that cause I'm also not 100% happy with my speaking style to camera in general. I'm actively trying to experiment with my tone, speed and 'casualness' when recording videos. Interestingly, my next video is shot with a much more casual speaking style, closer to that of my own everyday speech, so will be curious if this is a more engaging way of talking to camera, or even if people can or can't tell any difference.
@@HeyAdamGrasso I wanted to say the same thing. It's the inflection at the end of each sentence: pace is slowed and pitched is dropped with nigh 100% consistency. Is this the result of recording each sentence separately, rather than multiple sentences in one take?
They've shot on the ARRI Alexa Mini LF and they always use some code name during production. Usually along the lines of "Project Vanilla", "Project Bridge", "Project Sound". For some reason they always use the word Project in all of their code names.
@@HeyAdamGrasso I work at the company that supplies their cameras and lenses. I work with their Director of Photography and camera crew on their projects. All gear is prepped in Los Angeles then driven up to Cupertino for typically 3-4 days of shooting.
Check out my reaction to Apple's latest BTS keynote video: ruclips.net/video/lESQNm-modY/видео.html
Apple keynote transitions are insane, Mercedes and other companies are coping Apple's keynotes now too, that just shows how Apple is not just making the best products to use, but everything else they touch is amazing.
They're absolute geniuses with their visual aesthetics! Both products and marketing-wise
Cool
@@HeyAdamGrasso the reason I love apple events transition are also state of the art
They have a very good eye for marketing aesthetics and presentation
Too bad that OSX still has design solutions from 80s.
I always wanted to see someone making a video about this for ages. Their transitions and balanced exposure satisfy me so much. I know how much time-consuming it took to edit this but you’re getting some traction so congrats!!
Yeah, I felt the same when I came up with the video idea. Was so surprised that barely anyone had broken down their events before, in terms of the filmmaking side of things. Was definitely worth the making :)
I mean they are doing keynotes like this for 2 years, mega 🧠
Apple definitely has the best presentations out of any company. Even if you’re not a apple fan, you have to admit it
Agreed.
a. u are an apple fan smh
b. sony is comparable just don't think about their english
Not the logo lmfao
At 6:30 that transition is actually insane. Really makes you feel they thought “Hey if we can produce shows for Apple TV, we can make some hella great presentations.”
Sick video mate
Thanks Ali. That means a lot coming from yourself. Also gotta thank you for putting together PTYA. Was a massive help to me, especially during the super early stages of releasing videos on my channel :)
The GOAT himself
NO WAY ALI!! I didn't expect to see you here!!
I have to say I do enjoy these hi-tech keynotes but my favorite part is that Apple really tries to shoot as much high-quality video as possible while only using CGI to enhance certain transitional elements between the video segments. It really is first-class.
From what I know though, the high dynamic range of the footage is not a consequence of the camera being “HDR or not HDR”. In fact, that is not really a thing and I don’t really know any cinema camera to natively shoot in HDR. HDR for video (which is very different from HDR for photos and usually refers to a video being HDR10 or Dolby Vision) is achieved from a multitude of factors, and is not done in camera. But that is not the actual reason the footage in Apple keynotes has this wide dynamic range anyway.
The reason for the wide dynamic range that you see in Apple’s video is due to two factors:
1. the camera being cinema grade and having a lot of dynamic range stops (which is an indicator of how wide of a dynamic range the camera can capture). The human eye has 21 stops, and the closest camera to that (from my knowledge) is the ARRI ALEXA 35 with 17 stops. In comparison, an iPhone usually only has 10-11 stops.
2. They shoot in a LOG gamma which also saves a lot more detail both in the shadows and the highlights compared to shooting in a standard REC. 709. The LOG video out of camera does look washed out and lacks contrast. Then they convert this footage to REC. 709 gamma in post and the result is that which you can see. But the end result is not HDR (it’s not HDR10 nor Dolby Vision and it also doesn’t use the REC. 2100 standard for colours), but SDR.
What HDR Video is: First, most productions shoot with high quality cinema cameras (RED cameras, ARRI Alexa cameras, Canon C range of cameras etc) in LOG or HLG gamma. Then they take them in post and convert them to REC. 2100 gamma and then eventually export them in HDR10 or Dolby Vision formats.
If we are talking about the iPhone 12 and 13 being able to shoot in Dolby Vision HDR, that is a different thing, although similar to what I wrote above. The iPhone camera actually shoots in an HLG gamma and then it does the conversion from HLG to normal REC. 2100 in the background. It also adds Dolby Vision metadata in the background and voilà, they can say their camera shoots in dolby vision HDR. In fact it doesn’t, it just converts HLG video to REC. 2100 Dolby Vision in the background.
Nice break down though 👍
100 de rânduri
Yep! Exactly! I came into the comments myself to dispel this very inaccurate description!
Yeah beat me to it, I was gonna "acshually" this as well, very good explanation as far as I can tell. Cheers.
Some cameras use dual gain tech which is a similar thing to HDR. I think some newer canon cameras and the new arri s35 for example.
@@FAMSHOLINO you don't need dual gain capabilities for HDR video. All you need is a suitable codec that offers 14+ stops of dynamic range. Pretty much every prosumer camera on the market today is HDR capable.
I’d pay my life savings to be behind the scences when they shoot these. They never fail to amaze me
Send me your life savings and i will make it happen :)
@@bzoa430 I should give context, I don’t have large amounts of money saved up .. so I think it’d be pretty bad deal for you. But if you still insist I’ll take the deal ;)
I remember some years ago, when the Apple Campus was the main headquarter, they made an auction to visit it with an important director. It ended up between 600 and 800K.
I'll be
The transition of Craig running through the rooms in the WWDC22 was just the peak of Apple's editing and Craig's humour! 😂
Never forget the dash through the campus to deliver the remote to Tim even though it was not exactly a transition!
I loved that part too! The part when Craig put on the hair helmet had me rolling. 😂
@@thecapone45 he's talking about WWDC 2022, not 2024.
@@magonyt true. My mistake!
I’ve been waiting for someone to make this video sense WWDC 2020. The online events have just blown my mind at how good they are. I tried to replicate one for a school Christmas program that was an entirely prerecorded online event. It was a fun challenge but I didn’t come close to the flawless transitions of Apple.
it was a 2 hour long presentation and it just popped up on my recommendations one random friday evening and i clicked on it as i was curious. before i realized i was already in 1 and a half hours without realising and just to make it clear im not an apple fan or a techie of any kind but i was so engaged into the video that i voluntarily watched the whole thing without getting bored for a second! my attention span is under the sea usually but the transitions, the videography, the explanations just damn good, crisp and clear. thats just absolutely impressive. apple should definitely develop a product related to cinematography expecially for marketing purposes. its crazy dude 😂
also, who the hell are the editors? did apple mention their name credits anywhere?
I never knew I needed such video
this was a great and professional video! i think you have the potential to be a big youtuber some day for sure 👏
Oh wow. Thank you Mich. That really means a lot. Making YT videos like this is a lot of work for sure, but it's comments like this that really help to push me to keep it up :)
no,k;j v
wait, this video got recommended to me and i watched it al the way through and I actually came back to watch it again cause there was things I was curious about, and on my second watch I realized I wasn't watching some crazy 500K+ subsciber channel, but instead it's just a dude prodiving great information. I don't know how this video doesn't have more views lol. Keep your amazing production up brother
Thanks so much for the kind words Sean. I've had a lot of fun trying to improve my YTcontent from video to video. It's certainly not easy at this early stage in my RUclips journey to keep momentum with releases. But comments like yours really do help to push me to put out more content around topics I'm really passionate and intrigued about :)
lol SAME dude. i was like "waiiit this guy isnt some giant tech youtuber? oh damn he should be"
@@mich5949 literally my same thought process haha
Same! This was the second time I've came here by literally searching. What an amazing video.
@@itquankazi big facts!
The filmmaking in these keynotes is straight up euphoric
Agreed 🔥
Rightttt! i was kept in awe while watching every Apple's keynote, comparing to Google's keynote which seems kind of boring and not immersive at all. Even Apple's ads/commercials are all incredible
I watched DJI's Online Event a few days ago, and it was sooooo simple in contrast to Apple's level of production.
@@HeyAdamGrasso yes , dji keynote is good too
I was literally crying over the iPhone 11 Pro reveal video. The sound and the reveal itself is amazing!
These smooth transitions are the work of some incredible Motion Graphics work.
I always loved their transitions, they're amazingly clean
They also make a transition with the presenters, when 2 presenters are sharing an scenario, they enter from the left and go by the right and when the second finishes the first enters again from the left. Making you feel like they never left
You just made a video on my most favourite topic and the video is so so good, please keep up the good work.
Will do. Thanks for the words of encouragement :)
Can you continue explaining each Apple Event after that because I think this video is the only one I found on RUclips that is the best
That's a really great idea. Thanks for the suggestion 🙌
craig running in the transition in the wwdc is probably the best thing i’ve ever seen in my life
I laughed my ass off when I saw it for the first time 😂
I love how you just dropped after that iPhone 13 Pro transition.
This is the video I needed to check out! Thanks man!😊
You’re welcome Stephen :)
those transition though! 🫠
They're insane right!? Some of the best transitions I've seen, perhaps ever
this tube is so innovative no body actully tackled this topic befor and i always had my jaw droped watching apple keynotes just like u 🤣
This man struck gold with this video
Well deserved
I sure did :) Thanks so much for watching
Congrats on this video TAKING OFF! 🚀🚀 Really fascinating stuff and such a great delivery of info
Thanks so much Mike :)
6:44 lol XDD that is why i like their onstage style more because they made it better in m opinion and that is one of the reasons why I keep watching apple events even tho it is 1am to me when it is streamed, it is just amazing. transition is seamless and feels awesome, you wont see this kind of making in almost any other manufacturer (s) (and it sort of like getting a free film to watch so XDDD)
I didn't notice the subcount at first and just assumed its a big channel due to the quality of the video. Good job m8, hope you get famous.
Much appreciated! :)
Finally, someone made this video.
I literally repeat the Craig scene and your Whoooa part like 10x😅😂 soooo good.
Impressive dissection of how Apple does their amazing keynotes.
Thanks for watching Shin :)
wtf I was literally thinking about this an hour ago. RUclips is a GOD at recs. Nice video!!! I've wanted to know this for the longest time now.
You’re welcome :)
6:33 damn boiii
My eyes still can't handle how amazing this transition is
@@HeyAdamGrasso yup
You just owned a subscriber. You're sweet to watch. Keep up the smile always.
Thank you :)
Sweet video man! Thanks for throwing my clip in there!
Aside from how these events are well-thought, one of the few reasons I watch Apple Keynotes is because of Craig. His humor and sense of style are fantastic.
Man goes and gets himself a viral video. What a banger dude. Proud of u
Thank you. Definitely didn't expect this to get as much traction as it has. But super grateful for it :)
This was awesome!
Glad you liked it :)
This is what I've been saying even before:
Apple innovated the Online Product Presentation event format so much in the Pandemic lockdowns, that it would put Nintendo into shame.
Context : Nintendo has been one of the pioneers at this format, starting with their first Nintendo Direct, when they skipped a presentation back in E3 2012. And ever since, their format barely evolved
Great video dude, keep creating!
Thanks man :)
they're just in a different level.
Please do more of these over the years, love the apple keynotes
I have a few more ideas for video breakdowns I can around similar topics. Stay tuned :)
@@HeyAdamGrasso if they are more about Apple, would love to see more. Maybe you could do other companies and what NOT to do as well
Hahahah “we need to get that boy on the catwalk” 😂😂
Great video! 👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾
#craigonthecatwalk
Now I'm gonna watch all apple presentations
Criminally undersubscribed. Great breakdown.
Thank you :)
every apple event i never miss 1.. also i always look out for their insane transitions
For a smaller channel, this video is really high quality. Great job!
Thank you Elijah :)
@@HeyAdamGrasso :D
loved your thumbnail
Thanks Amesh. I'm really proud of this thumb design too :)
This guy will hit 100k this year. Next year more than 1M. Maybe Better
insha'Allah.
Thanks so much for the kind words Bilal :)
This is the first video I've seen of yours and I must say your very good!
Thanks so much Tyler. Glad you liked it 🙂
Cutest youtuber everrr The catwalk part 😂 the accuracy
Thanks Misael :)
Apple is so impressive like even this kind of presentations
They don’t just present. They ✨ PRESENT ✨
You even see the producer in the credits: Disney! 🎥 I would never have thought that 😅
Nice video bro. Love the quality of it. ❤️
Glad you like it :)
Ayyy I'm your 4,000th subscriber :)
If I had a prize to give away, you'd be the person to get it 🎁🎉🥳
@@HeyAdamGrasso haha congrats! Good video btw!
Love the analysis! Just wild the level of care Apple has to maintaining its public ethos as an creative innovation hub
The big studio is most likely an actual sound stage. Thanks to Apple TV+ they do have a lot of connections to studios already in place so I'd feel like they'd have no problem at all in renting out a studio building for a couple of weeks to shoot material in.
How do they record audio?
I thoroughly enjoyed this breakdown
Thanks jonathon. That means a lot :)
Your channel is def on a good track for going viral. Can't wait to see 100's of Subs
I hope so too
Love the production of the Apple keynotes. Thanks for all the info!
You're welcome Imran. Thanks for the kind words
I'm not an apple user but damn the keynotes are very well produced
this video is incredible… thanks!
Glad you liked it Christian :)
I watched this transition at 06:25 about 10 times. Insane!
Same!
Your channel is def on a good track for going viral. I expected to see hundreds of thousands of subs.
Thank you so much. I hope so :)
a type of content i have been always wishing for a while, and can you do a video on their commercials too. those are also a superb one. I have to say thanks, already loved it and sub and liked it.
Hey Adam! Congrats on this video going kinda viral.
I saw a not so big number of subscribers and small number of views in previous videos so I’m guessing you’re in the right path with this one!!
I loved the content and the pace of the video. And I think you nailed the thumbnail and title too.
If I can give you a little advice to polish a very little detail, I would recommend you to put some focus on this kind of pattern you do with your voice when you deliver the text that doesn’t sound 100% natural. There’s something about that, that has a repetition in the tone and maybe in the length of the sentences that doesn’t quite fit well with the rest of the video that is produced perfectly.
I’m a voice artist and video producer myself and also a fan of good RUclips videos. I admire the way MKBHD makes videos, for example.
Maybe this “pattern” is your natural way or maybe you do this on purpose and if that is the case please forget that I mentioned it.
If not, I recommend you to “hear” MKBHD’s videos, maybe Nerdwriter too and if I remember some other I will put it in a further comment.
Anyway. Congratulations again for this video and please continue creating great stuff!!
I think you are going to be a big RUclipsr 🚀
Cheers! ✌🏻
Hey Geremy. Thanks so much for the message.
It's interesting that you say that cause I'm also not 100% happy with my speaking style to camera in general. I'm actively trying to experiment with my tone, speed and 'casualness' when recording videos.
Interestingly, my next video is shot with a much more casual speaking style, closer to that of my own everyday speech, so will be curious if this is a more engaging way of talking to camera, or even if people can or can't tell any difference.
@@HeyAdamGrasso I wanted to say the same thing. It's the inflection at the end of each sentence: pace is slowed and pitched is dropped with nigh 100% consistency. Is this the result of recording each sentence separately, rather than multiple sentences in one take?
👑
6:28 that's an amazing one for sure!
Thanks!
You’re welcome Marcos :)
Great video! You’ve gained a subscriber! 😄
Yay! Thank you!
@@HeyAdamGrasso of course !
At first I thought I was watching mkbhd, excellent video, magnificent quality. You definitely deserve to be big! Keep it on!
Thank you :) I'll definitely keep putting out interesting content for people 💪
Great work mate, really appreciate your eye for detail!
Thanks man :) Really appreciate the kind words from yourself 😊
this is amazing 🤔
Amazing video, Adam. I love the quality of your production.
Thanks Ken. Glad you enjoyed it!
Great Content Adam!
Thanks Mohsin :)
This video popped off!! Well done man
Thank you :)
Really great, high quality video!
Glad you enjoyed it Sam :)
This was a great and professional video!!!
Thank you so much!
Apple does most things in extraordinary ways! You covered it extraordinarily! 👍
Thanks for the kind words Aubrey :)
This channel is going to grow fast! Subscribed!
Thanks for the sub Ludovico :)
Great video! Deserves a sub 👏👏
Thank you :)
This was really a good analysis! Great vid bud 🌟
Glad you enjoyed it :)
Awesome videos sorry I’m so late
Thank you :)
Thanks, been looking for someone to breakdown these video.
You're welcome Ali :)
Props to him at 6:45 he actually fell down
I sure did 😂
Mark it down, I was here before 100K subs
I hope so Flic :) I just gotta keep putting out interesting content :)
Bro, loved this video, nice edit!
Thanks Joe :)
Apple is a marketing company, they understand there user so well, they dont understand tehcnology but they do understand what technology is great.
Wonderful video brother.
Mind boggling
DAUMMMMMM CRAZYYY
underrated youtuber
Thank you for the kind words :)
Excellent video 👏🏻
Glad you liked it!
They've shot on the ARRI Alexa Mini LF and they always use some code name during production. Usually along the lines of "Project Vanilla", "Project Bridge", "Project Sound". For some reason they always use the word Project in all of their code names.
Interesting. Could you share where you've heard about this info from?
@@HeyAdamGrasso I work at the company that supplies their cameras and lenses. I work with their Director of Photography and camera crew on their projects. All gear is prepped in Los Angeles then driven up to Cupertino for typically 3-4 days of shooting.
Great Analysis!!! I’ve subscribed
Thanks for taking the time to watch the video and for subbing Ian. It means a lot :)