How To Reverse B-Axis Machine on SMX 3100ST 9 Axis | DN Solutions

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  • Опубликовано: 24 дек 2024

Комментарии • 162

  • @LearnSomethingHelpful
    @LearnSomethingHelpful 3 года назад +19

    Tyson always does a great job at explaining what he is doing, I program PLC controls & even I can easily follow along & learn.
    It's not that I am entering the craft but for me, it's amazing to see a chunk of metal become a work of art (working part for whatever is needed).

  • @barrysetzer
    @barrysetzer 3 года назад +40

    Man, i love Tyson’s videos. This guy always brings the BOOM but low key

  • @dbturbonub2536
    @dbturbonub2536 3 года назад +14

    Great video! The only thing is he left out was one major check/step: When flipping your part for 2nd op, your "soft" jaws should be cut fresh(and a specific way) to clamp onto the turned suface so that your part runs true and your O.D. to O.D. concentricity is good. You would put a test or drop indicator on the cut surface that you're clamped onto and give it a spin to make sure you don't have runout. Fresh cut jaws cut at the diameter of what you're clamping onto(whilst being chucked onto something, if possible) is the best way to ensure a part running true. Not all of us get the best machines and the best & brand new chucks on them.(sarcastic joke). Great video other than that! *thumbs up emoji*

    • @kw2519
      @kw2519 3 года назад +4

      I love reading comments by people that know what they’re doing.
      I just left a shop where I ran a 39”x255” Oil field lathe. A ToolMex TUR930. I had to put a 2” wide burnished strip on both ends of the pump shafts I made. The tolerance was -.000375” TIR, but the circles were on average 150”-250” apart…. Failed 1 out of the 87 I did. Best I ever got was .00016”…..Absolutely crazy but not when you have multiple steady rests and you develop a methodology based on the scientific method.
      It’s amazing what we are capable of.

    • @dbturbonub2536
      @dbturbonub2536 3 года назад +1

      @@kw2519 Awesome!
      Definitely brother. Some people were ordained by The Almighty to be masters of their trades and kings of the craft!

    • @da9elb
      @da9elb 3 года назад

      Yes! Good knowledge right there :)

  • @danl.4743
    @danl.4743 3 года назад +3

    Tyson is a natural born educator. 👍👍

  • @felixtinoco7299
    @felixtinoco7299 3 года назад +1

    Keep it up Tyson! This industry needs a lot more people like you.
    #Manufacturing
    #Machining
    #Quality

  • @TylerTITANSofCNCTippit
    @TylerTITANSofCNCTippit 3 года назад +16

    Love the idea of making series out of the different parts! Keep up the great work Tyson!

  • @ursafan40
    @ursafan40 3 года назад

    I haven't been in a shop for 20 years.
    Started on Bridgeports.
    Yeah that long ago.
    I love this stuff

  • @sabriomar5823
    @sabriomar5823 3 года назад +5

    just love you MAN 👨 (TITANS OF CNC IS THE BEST)

  • @keithclark8030
    @keithclark8030 2 года назад

    Thnaks you! I miss this kind of work. Operating CNC was the best job I ever had with Dana Corporation.

  • @nbrowser
    @nbrowser 2 года назад

    You can hear Titan's passion for CNC machine work has made it into his son...Tyson, well done sir!

  • @dikobraz38
    @dikobraz38 3 года назад +2

    Great job 👏 using this method for six years on the multus b200

  • @brianashley5261
    @brianashley5261 3 года назад +5

    For stainless I've been using the sandvik XM-2220, I run it at 650 sfm and .012 ipr, but I only take between .06-.08 per pass, it works awesome

    • @wendull811
      @wendull811 3 года назад

      Just out of curiosity what grade stainless are you running because 17-4 ph is a heat treatable stainless steel and cuts almost like inconel. It is nothing like 316.

    • @loukola5353
      @loukola5353 3 года назад +5

      @@wendull811 17-4 is nothing like inconel. 17-4 ph cuts like butter.

    • @wendull811
      @wendull811 3 года назад

      @@loukola5353 we must have the wrong inserts then because the shop I work in struggles all the time with it.

    • @samuelyoung2671
      @samuelyoung2671 2 года назад +1

      @@wendull811 y’all should be able to dial in 15-5 / 17-4.
      It’s not like aluminum lol, but it cuts well as far as stainless goes, and in my experience I prefer it over 316 because its harder and chips better.
      Don’t let it get in your head, go get some carbide inserts, read up, and experiment with it. It is a very useful steel.

    • @wendull811
      @wendull811 2 года назад

      @@samuelyoung2671 I haven't seen any of it since that post so I still haven't got to try new stuff with it yet.

  • @josha9620
    @josha9620 3 года назад +1

    Very nice looking part! Man Tyson really knows how to make beautiful lath parts!!

  • @thereasoninlifeisthatthere5326
    @thereasoninlifeisthatthere5326 3 года назад +2

    Tyson is awesome.
    I love watching his videos.

  • @johnjeppsson17
    @johnjeppsson17 3 года назад +3

    Pretty dope. Wish we had those machines in our shop.

  • @stijndegraaf2003
    @stijndegraaf2003 3 года назад

    Tyson is a chill dude

  • @wendull811
    @wendull811 3 года назад +2

    Just wondering for that funky angle why you did go in with a radius groove tool and make the angles with it. Something like an Iscar CGHN-D 26-3D with a GIPY 3.00-1.50 insert.

    • @protakill
      @protakill 2 года назад +1

      That's what I do when I have something funky. Works great.

  • @philholdsworth8280
    @philholdsworth8280 2 года назад

    It's about time you went metric. It sounds so yesterday when you talk imperial. I stopped working in imperial in 1996. And that was late.

  • @roasted7
    @roasted7 2 года назад

    This be just another day in my life. Must be nice to have brand new everything.

  • @user-ei6rr7fk7o
    @user-ei6rr7fk7o 3 года назад +2

    Hi could you explain why at 3:28 there doesn't appear to be an undercut for grinding relief but at 3:39
    there is. Plus I think you missed a trick , you could have run a finish cut along the hex peaks to de-burr
    as your tool would have been at that location at some point , just saying.

    • @jamsstar2010
      @jamsstar2010 3 года назад

      Youd flatten the threads to much surely ? Wire brush does a better job

    • @user-ei6rr7fk7o
      @user-ei6rr7fk7o 3 года назад +1

      @@jamsstar2010 Hi I commented hexagon peaks (across corners)not thread. Just want to emphasise my explanation.

    • @gordonburnett9672
      @gordonburnett9672 3 года назад

      @Engineering guy until he's been on that machine for a while longer those things won't come naturally to a lathe based guy, sort of thing 5 axis Miller guys see without thinking, save a sharp edge and doesn't take very long to sort. Also if the drawings don't call for it.. and it's not on the model because modeled fillets and chamfered edges can be a pain sometimes.
      Good video though and aiming at the right level for the viewers, choosing to put a chamfer on an edge, or undercut that the designer forgot about isn't a learning level decision 🤔😉.

  • @d137z
    @d137z 3 года назад +8

    Pretty simple part. You chould have made the undercut from first side by changeing b-axis in degress until the insert can fit in. I work on a dmg-ctx1250 . Allso roughing down the part on second side with a mill whould save you some time. Just my thoughts.

    • @TITANSofCNC
      @TITANSofCNC  3 года назад +4

      Top 1%
      Have a great weekend

    • @d137z
      @d137z 3 года назад

      @@TITANSofCNC thank you, you aswell

    • @mynicki444
      @mynicki444 3 года назад +1

      Was the angle more than the 60 on first side? Looked like it would clear. Maybe a chuck clearance issue. But yea having a B axis is nice. Integrex here.

    • @d137z
      @d137z 3 года назад +1

      @@mynicki444 if the insert can be in the undercut on second side , it can get in there on first side , its just a matter of what angle your b axis is in , or else just use another neutral turning tool with no angle if its a matter of clearence to the chuck

  • @rcandcnc9684
    @rcandcnc9684 3 года назад

    Tilting the tool just blew my mind, awesome feature on the machine.

  • @dhavalrathod5395
    @dhavalrathod5395 2 года назад +1

    Teach me your ways Sensei 🙏

  • @MillTurn4Life
    @MillTurn4Life 3 года назад +6

    When I'm taking that amount of stock off I like to use a 15 degree SNMG 1.2mm rad. I havent seen you guys bother so now idk maybe it's a bit old school lol. A beautiful part you have made though ❤️

    • @opyfdfd782
      @opyfdfd782 3 года назад

      a .12 snmg is grand for hard materials.... I go with the standard .8. So the stupids dont get confused! :)

    • @mynicki444
      @mynicki444 3 года назад

      I like your old ways. I use a lead angle 15 degree CNMG

    • @MillTurn4Life
      @MillTurn4Life 3 года назад

      Yes we bought some too its a waste using 4 edges and throwing them away

    • @MillTurn4Life
      @MillTurn4Life 3 года назад

      @Opy fdfd yeah s316 or softer I use 1.2 the tougher stuff inconel ect the .8 seems to do better idk why but that's why you keep records

    • @opyfdfd782
      @opyfdfd782 3 года назад

      our dorris sharmans use all the 15degree cnmg sides mainly for facing as they are turning big faces etc.

  • @michal.abramowicz
    @michal.abramowicz 2 года назад

    The smile at the end says all :)

  • @ronaldbower2773
    @ronaldbower2773 3 года назад +3

    I get hung up on this all the time. For the rough turn operation
    the SFM is 250, The RPM says N/A. Don't you need to have a G50 to set a Max RPM ? What Sets your RPM on the roughing operation ?

    • @b_man_420
      @b_man_420 3 года назад +5

      If I'm not mistaken, you'd still need a G50 to set the maximum RPM. Then, you'd just use a G96 to set your surface speed. That way, you keep the constant 250 SFM, but won't exceed whatever RPM you set with the G50.

    • @TysonGilroy
      @TysonGilroy 3 года назад +8

      Usually I set the G50 to 3000 or so RPM in general, but if I have a job with a big or long part I'll give it a few test spins at different high RPMS and listen to how the machine sounds and set it based on that. For this one with the tail center, I left it at 2000 max on the front and 3000 on the back knowing with my SFM it wouldn't reach that fast unless it went to center.

  • @skyfual
    @skyfual 3 года назад +1

    That’s gravy man

  • @oceanic8424
    @oceanic8424 2 года назад +1

    [06/29/22] Beautiful work. Imagine having to make 100+ of these parts?? What was the clear coolant that was used? Does the SMX have multiple coolant reservoirs, or do you have to change it out manually?

  • @fryer05maverick31
    @fryer05maverick31 3 года назад +1

    Part looks good, why no chamfer tool used on the hex?

  • @jp92382
    @jp92382 3 года назад

    Titan, I dropped by your shop this morning. Awesome place. Didnt see you there, but I left my card with one of your people. Im in government contracting. I would love to meet and talk sometime.

  • @SirRugged888
    @SirRugged888 3 года назад

    The Part looks beautiful !

  • @pavolcvapek763
    @pavolcvapek763 2 года назад

    Hi where we can see the video where you are finishing the multi-axis turning on smx DOSSAN

  • @ryantobin9299
    @ryantobin9299 3 года назад

    Gorgeous work as always

  • @gabewhisen3446
    @gabewhisen3446 3 года назад

    Nice cool trick on the approach on that odd angle cut thanks

  • @Tito112309
    @Tito112309 3 года назад

    Love these Lathe videos ! Thank u !

  • @samstewart4807
    @samstewart4807 3 года назад

    are you using water or water based cutting oil? if oil what brand?

  • @atmosphericpressure3560
    @atmosphericpressure3560 3 года назад

    The likes dont match the views yall so lets "Titan" up!

  • @rokkisifredi1906
    @rokkisifredi1906 3 года назад +3

    Great) what class of workers is needed to make this part?

    • @TITANSofCNC
      @TITANSofCNC  3 года назад +1

      This is for Mill/Turn Machinists

    • @TITANSofCNC
      @TITANSofCNC  3 года назад +1

      9 Axis Top Level

    • @MillTurn4Life
      @MillTurn4Life 3 года назад

      Honestly to set up not to bad as long as the guy that programed it did a beautiful simple setup sheet and the tooling is tip top 👌 (I know all the guys at this place would). I really love these lathe vids so clear and concise

  • @jeremyritsema2532
    @jeremyritsema2532 3 года назад +1

    Grooving cycle before live tooling with a button insert. More rigidity at the chuck end for this op.
    Grinding would not be necessary if you adjust the geometry in Mastercam to offset taper in the part. This is unless you need an absolute mirror finish.

    • @jacobm2625
      @jacobm2625 3 года назад +1

      The shaft could have a 4-5 digit tolerance

    • @85CEKR
      @85CEKR 2 года назад

      Ya I had that though about the groove too, then I would've also parted it down most of the way so all you had to do on the second op was 1 rough and 1 finish pass and then the center. I also agree unless there's some bizarre tolerance on a part like that it should have been easy to finish it on the lathe. We do stuff that size to better than .0005" all the time.

  • @박병희-w4b
    @박병희-w4b 3 года назад

    What type is used for cutting fluid? I never seen a transparent cutting fluid.

  • @jayjaydelarosa475
    @jayjaydelarosa475 2 года назад

    Bro... Whatt amazing cut you do... The best

  • @canadianalabai2836
    @canadianalabai2836 3 года назад +3

    Why did you spent time on finishing pass as .003 per rev if it goes grinding anyway.

    • @loukola5353
      @loukola5353 3 года назад +1

      Tyson milking that job. lol

  • @michaelwalters3970
    @michaelwalters3970 3 года назад

    Curious how to separate the cutting lube I noticed one step you used a water soluble oil?

  • @MrJugsstein
    @MrJugsstein 3 года назад

    Slick trick for the 9 axis use what's all ready there

  • @gooblio
    @gooblio 3 года назад +2

    Not sure why you didn't do the undercut with a regular VNMG after milling. Have to see the drawing maybe you didn't have enough material to hold onto in the chuck or something?

    • @tompass8446
      @tompass8446 3 года назад

      He could of but not with the angle that holder is holding the insert at, spindle would be in the Chuck

  • @nathanthomas8184
    @nathanthomas8184 3 года назад

    Great looking part Tyson & explanation, Titan today I had a bet on a HORSE called Titans & it won 6/1 vvhappy, Titan keep on keeping on

  • @1ginner1
    @1ginner1 3 года назад

    5:15, how do you compensate for the fact the you are using the front and the back of the tip, cutter comp wont work unless you use both cutter comps in the same line, hmm?

  • @jackielee6604
    @jackielee6604 2 года назад

    You look super tough man.
    Look at that slow motion pose 😂 😆

  • @oceanic8424
    @oceanic8424 2 года назад

    [06/29/22] Also it would really be helpful to place links to the previous, and subsequent videos in the description section.

  • @nolaningersoll4129
    @nolaningersoll4129 3 года назад +3

    I wish I could just shadow this guy for 6 months just to learn

  • @williamlind2843
    @williamlind2843 3 года назад +2

    I run 17-4 at over 500 sf

  • @tj9382
    @tj9382 3 года назад

    Great video T

  • @chriscox4085
    @chriscox4085 3 года назад +1

    Chip printer go *brrrrr*

  • @heikopanzlaff3789
    @heikopanzlaff3789 3 года назад

    Here in Germany we drill the hole 1. before we turn the surface. In the center is no speed ... And why do U want to turn to a mirror surface in the spot what`s to be grindet later ? Did I miss something there ?

  • @LearnSomethingHelpful
    @LearnSomethingHelpful 3 года назад

    Masters of the craft

  • @policebox1092
    @policebox1092 3 года назад +1

    I know this.
    I have experience with MAZAK INTEGREX and DMGMORI NTX machines.
    :D

  • @JesusSanchez-xu2is
    @JesusSanchez-xu2is 3 года назад

    When roughing Steels I use WNMG much stronger insert lasts longer with 6 cutting edges same price of cnmg...

  • @marc-antoinethebeautiful7714
    @marc-antoinethebeautiful7714 3 года назад +1

    Ha the center hole! Edge Precision show a way to always mill the center hole with a end mill with your B axis. He is write a mill center hole is alone better then a center drill.

  • @danillinad4140
    @danillinad4140 3 года назад

    Can more talk about grinding, speeds and feed with many diameter and rpm for details, rpm for grinding weel, and couple advice about feed on different materials. sory for my bad English.

  • @NavySeal2k
    @NavySeal2k 3 года назад

    Why not use a bandsaw to cut down machine time on the facing operation?

  • @mr.ranyhomemade2466
    @mr.ranyhomemade2466 3 года назад

    I am so interesting your CNC machine such amazing

  • @bilboburgler
    @bilboburgler 3 года назад

    might have an issue with the precision of the position of the all the features given that you are now locating off a drilled chamfer hole that you only machined right at the end.

  • @danthoreson4062
    @danthoreson4062 3 года назад

    you guys are great.

  • @chainsaw2701
    @chainsaw2701 Год назад

    I love my Kennametal 4-12 tangential facemills, we use it all the time in our mills

  • @Seck22
    @Seck22 3 года назад

    Damn , great work 👏 👍 👌

  • @vigneshmaddy6706
    @vigneshmaddy6706 3 года назад

    Please upload a video of Soft Jaws boring technique for this operation

    • @rick371
      @rick371 3 года назад

      That's simple, spider in the master Jaws and bore away as normal

    • @vigneshmaddy6706
      @vigneshmaddy6706 3 года назад

      @@rick371 i didn't understand properly, you upload a video

  • @gaston2070
    @gaston2070 3 года назад

    🤣🤣 so i guess i'm better then 99% of my fellow workers. Nice.... finally someone acknowledges my full potential.👍

  • @jonathanthomas2613
    @jonathanthomas2613 2 года назад

    How much would a single run cost?

  • @daveyt4802
    @daveyt4802 3 года назад +4

    17-4 SS? Never heard of that. What did the raw material cost? Nice job! Must be at close to $1 grand for that pivot shaft.

    • @dylanouellet296
      @dylanouellet296 3 года назад +1

      I do know that it’s commonly used in the medical industry, I’m a machinist and I work with 17-4 quite often for making surgical tools

    • @ryantoper79
      @ryantoper79 3 года назад +2

      It is used quite a bit in Aerospace and we also used it quite a bit for various valve stems.

    • @anthonydevault8425
      @anthonydevault8425 3 года назад +1

      Where I work we make mostly everything out of 17-4 for surgical/orthopedic parts. 17-4 is a tool steel that leaves a really nice finish and isn't too hard to machine.

    • @dale0104
      @dale0104 3 года назад

      It's a common alloy where I work, too. Definitely one of my favorite stainless steels.

  • @alexmair3613
    @alexmair3613 3 года назад

    I wouldn't be surprised elon has titan on speeddial for a many of things.

  • @pholos77
    @pholos77 3 года назад +1

    omg why so baitclick titles, you don't need it you're better than this, by the way thank you for your content!

  • @williamlind2843
    @williamlind2843 3 года назад +1

    Why finish so slow if you're grinding it?

  • @fluffyfullbox9289
    @fluffyfullbox9289 3 года назад

    Use the G73 cycle for the undercut.

  • @TheZambonilad
    @TheZambonilad 3 года назад

    Why is the surface finish so critical on this shaft?

  • @esmeraldonascimento2900
    @esmeraldonascimento2900 2 года назад

    Its amaizing....

  • @Sahardcore
    @Sahardcore 3 года назад

    How did he confirm the finished length accurately without removing the part from the jaws?

    • @gordonburnett9672
      @gordonburnett9672 3 года назад

      Micrometer off the turned face of the hex, plus any grinding allowance if it was on there. That's your known size.
      Otherwise, without any similar features you will have to take a skim off the face and remove it and measure and then re set in the jaws and measure off the face with tool or probe if you have one.
      Never ever off the pre machined face of the Jaws you just put in, you're never able to judge how much they might move when the pressure comes up, can do for first side though as it doesn't matter as much.

  • @rekrab79
    @rekrab79 3 года назад +2

    1% huh? Where would a person go to get this $$$ you speak of? 😄

  • @zagareth4604
    @zagareth4604 2 года назад

    I guess I missed something, because I really wanna know what on this "Incredibly Complicated 17-4 Stainless Steel Part" is Incredibly Complicated? And what is the thing that "Only 1% of Machinists Know" about?
    Well, my last lathe job is over 25 years ago and I'm only into milling now, so I might be a little bit rusty to see the "complicated" and "unusual tricky" part here.
    Nevertheless good tutorial video.

  • @brandonkauffman1112
    @brandonkauffman1112 3 года назад

    Drop the mic Tyson!

  • @jayppop3333
    @jayppop3333 3 года назад

    I always reverse finish on the bore seesh

  • @derekk8523
    @derekk8523 3 года назад

    Why not use 80 degree inserts? They are much stronger than 55 or 35.

  • @barrysetzer
    @barrysetzer 3 года назад +2

    Woot woot first comment!

  • @bbmotorsports1976
    @bbmotorsports1976 3 года назад

    Billet aluminum 120 degree blocks

  • @tomaszkolodziej500
    @tomaszkolodziej500 2 года назад

    Not quite sure why you call this setup extremely complicated in previous parts.
    I would say extremely easy mate.

  • @nicocastillo500
    @nicocastillo500 3 года назад

    I would have taken the excess material and turned it into a chuck ring.

  • @dragonflyfab9703
    @dragonflyfab9703 3 года назад

    Are these videos called attack strategies?

  • @klafilin4061
    @klafilin4061 3 года назад +2

    Простая деталь.

  • @ocmswillie
    @ocmswillie 2 года назад

    I'm sure the worst part of sharing the process used to manufacture this part is all the second-guessing and criticism .. was a machinist in a job shop for 35 years, one thing I learned is everyone has a their own way of making a part. And if the part is a good one when completed, then the machinist obviously knows what he is doing.

  • @robbiestevens1158
    @robbiestevens1158 3 года назад

    I would rough face by turning rather than conventional facing if youre worried about backend wobble. Turning offers mainly Z forces that way and you dont have to nibble at it.

    • @Josquatch
      @Josquatch 3 года назад

      That is a good idea and probably helpful for long or small dia parts. Thanks for that idea.

    • @robbiestevens1158
      @robbiestevens1158 3 года назад

      @@Josquatch we do it for internal boring too, as the forces in X can deflect silent bars and the like. Then kiss the face after

  • @mynicki444
    @mynicki444 3 года назад +2

    Nice work until the end. A center drill is a lathe tool not a mill tool. Spin the part not the tool. Ensures trueness.

    • @rick371
      @rick371 3 года назад

      Center drill creates a center that the grinder is going to use lol

    • @SirRootes
      @SirRootes 3 года назад +1

      Exactly what I thought too!

    • @SirRootes
      @SirRootes 3 года назад +2

      @@rick371 You should read Justin's comment again mate.
      He knows what the centre drill op is for it's how they done the op is the problem.

    • @rick371
      @rick371 3 года назад +1

      @@SirRootes if the tool and workpiece are both running true(as they should be) , then it does not matter if the tool spins or the work piece spins

    • @mynicki444
      @mynicki444 3 года назад +1

      If... why risk it. Its a lathe tool. Spin the part and its always true. The machine can do both. Just saying do it proper.

  • @AlexLancashirePersonalView
    @AlexLancashirePersonalView 3 года назад +2

    Always satisfying to end up with a nicely machined part. Alost sexy.

    • @TITANSofCNC
      @TITANSofCNC  3 года назад

      Almost…?
      I sing… “Sexy & You Know It”… to my Parts and Thick Chips😍😍😍

    • @alexkern9134
      @alexkern9134 3 года назад

      @@TITANSofCNC Thicc* 😅

  • @JFROMM454
    @JFROMM454 3 года назад

    Can’t tell y’all how many videos for how long when y’all called out “tenths” I was thinking 0.1 and not ten thousandths lol. If you couldn’t tell I’m not a machinist 😅

    • @loukola5353
      @loukola5353 3 года назад

      A tenth in machining is used to describe one ten thousands (1/1000) of an inch or .0001"

  • @allisonsmith3066
    @allisonsmith3066 3 года назад

    👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

  • @운동합시당
    @운동합시당 3 года назад

    단가가 얼마일가

  • @Pondimus_Maximus
    @Pondimus_Maximus 3 года назад

    Are you trolling us with these titles?🤔

  • @tyler_1_2_3
    @tyler_1_2_3 3 года назад

    That is a hole, not a machining center lol.

  • @gitar1hero1qaz
    @gitar1hero1qaz 2 года назад

    *Make your boss $$$*

  • @kruzihbv
    @kruzihbv 2 года назад

    Bet any money that second centre drill isn't true.

  • @simonzelf
    @simonzelf 2 года назад

    I guess I belong to the 1%. Seen nothing new here

  • @xistsixt
    @xistsixt 3 года назад

    Less than 1% ? Sorry man😂, stuff like that and more complicated parts we made already in the apprenticeship... 15 years ago...