4. Menstrual Cycle - Part 1 - Dr. SREETEJA

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊
𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 : / @draishwaryakelkar
📌𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 : / draishwaryakelkar
📌𝗧𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿: / aishwayadr
📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 : / clinical.learning
The cycle lasts 21-35 days on average
The cycle consists of two phases:
• Follicular phase : accounts for most of the variability in the length of the menstrual cycle
• Luteal phase : lasts 14-15 days
The cycle changes with age:
First few years following menarche → irregular menstrual cycles (caused by immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis)
Days 1-14
Ovaries: the follicular phase
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1. FSH stimulates the development of several follicles in the ovaries → granulosa cells of follicles produce estrogen → suppresses release of FSH via a negative feedback loop
2. Selection of a dominant follicle (Graafian follicle)
3. High levels of estrogen trigger a positive feedback loop → release of FSH → subsequent LH surge initiates ovulation
Endometrium: desquamation and proliferative phase
• Desquamation (menstruation at days 1-4)
 Absence of a pregnancy → resolution of corpus luteum → progesterone concentration decreases → induces vasospasms in the uterine spiral arteries, ischemia, and sloughing off of the functional layer of the endometrium
• Proliferation (days 4-14): growing follicles produce estrogen (granulosa cells express aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens) → stimulates proliferation of the endometrium
Histology:
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• Proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells (cells show high mitotic activity)
• Endometrial glands are straight, tubular, and lined by simple columnar epithelium.
• Stromal cells start to divide, enlarge, and accumulate glycogen.
• Uterine spiral arteries start to regenerate and extend two-thirds of the way into the endometrium.
Days 14-28
Ovaries: luteal phase
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• Ovulation: rupture of Graafian follicle → oocyte is released
• Following ovulation, the granulosa cells produce LH receptors → LH-induced transformation of the Graafian follicle into the corpus luteum → produces progesterone → inhibits LH release via a negative feedback loop
Endometrium: secretory phase
• Endometrial differentiation promoted by progesterone → preparation of the functional layer of the endometrium for oocyte implantation
Histology
 Increased endometrial gland tortuosity
 Glycogen-rich secretions
 Edematous stromal cells
 Uterine spiral arteries extend the full length of the endometrium.
In the absence of pregnancy → ↓ progesterone levels → induces apoptosis of the functional layer of the endometrium (seen as shrinkage and fragmentation of endometrial cell nuclei) → menstruation
#menstrualcycle #follicularphase #gynecology #obg #obestetricsandgynecology #menstrualcyclembbs #medicine #medicalstudents #letualphase
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[@medschoolsimplified007]

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊
𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 : www.youtube.com/@DrAishwaryaKelkar
📌𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 : facebook.com/draishwaryakelkar
📌𝗧𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿: twitter.com/AishwayaDr
📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 : instagram.com/clinical.learning/

[@kashifullah7984]

@DrAishwaryaaKelkar
Is there any pdf notes of these lectures please 🙏

[@MadhiVadhani-pr2bd]

Fallopian tube video couldn't able to find?

[@ibnjameel97]

Awesome sir may you achieve more and more success .This video is better than anyone ...

[@saptarshibhattacharya]

even for neet ug aspirants

[@mohammedhossain9408]

TO MUCH CLARITY I GOT FROM UR VIDEOS THANK YOU SO MUCH. I WILL WATCH UR ALL VIDEOS

[@sivaramakrishnaniyer5718]

Thank you so much these videos are so much help ful

[@pharmaguideline8916]

Mind blowing concept sir ji

[@ziauddinjaber8014]

❤❤

[@sheerinmumtaj6238]

I addicted your videos sir thankyou ❤

[@medschoolsimplified007]

Glad to hear that

[@ernadkosumi8724]

I read a few books stating that Primordial follicles consists of only one layer that is granulosa cells. Theca cells as stated on these books are not part of primordial follicles.
Could you please explain what you are exactly meaning in the video?

[@user-ec9rh1nq6j]

Part 3 is missing

[@ugogirl1047]

Part 3??? Kaha hai

[@user-co2ug1fb9l]

Hello

[@The.life.of.travel_]

Sir plz Hindi me padha dijiye

[@saptarshibhattacharya]

MBBS me hindi me bahat kam video hai....till NEET UG hindi me padhaya jayega lekin after MBBS it's all smart language and smart education :)

[@medfuture2338]

Hello jo ap mcqs btaty hn vo sirf NEET k leay h?