Immune 82: Bat antibodies are hot
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 26 окт 2024
- Immune reviews the local and systemic responses after human SARS-CoV-2 challenge infection, and how bat antibodies display elevated antigen binding strength and diversity at higher temperatures that are characteristic of flight.
Show notes at www.microbe.tv...
Become a patron of Immune at microbe.tv/con...
----------- CONNECT -----------
🎯 Subscribe! bit.ly/2HOYdNP
Instagram: @profvrr and @microbe.tv
Twitter: @profvrr
TikTok: / microbe.tv
Facebook: / thisweekinvirology
Our Podcasts: microbe.tv
Contribute: www.microbe.tv...
----------- MORE VIROLOGY -----------
•My Virology Course virology.ws/co...
•Virology Blog: www.virology.ws
•Virus Watch bit.ly/3ngvQIM
•Principles of Virology textbook amzn.to/34onDtg
----------- OUR SCIENCE PODCASTS -----------
•This Week in Virology bit.ly/30uUhrX
This Week in Parasitism bit.ly/3ndUNUZ
•This Week in Microbiology bit.ly/33tOUeO
•Urban Agriculture microbe.tv/urbanag
•This Week in Evolution bit.ly/3ne1bf5
•Immune bit.ly/2HOyCVb
•This Week in Neuroscience bit.ly/2So12Yd
•Infectious Disease Puscast bit.ly/3K4EKF0
- Who Am I? -
I’m Vincent Racaniello, Earth’s Virology Professor, and I believe that education should be free.
I’m also a professor of virology at Columbia University in New York. I’ve been doing research on viruses since 1976, and teaching virology in classrooms and online since 1999. On this RUclips channel I share videos of my lectures, podcasts, and more.
New videos are uploaded several times each week.
I do not run ads on our work as it is disruptive to learning. We depend on your support.
If you would like to support our work, go to www.microbe.tv...
MicrobeTV appreciates your donation and your support of our mission. Our budget and ongoing financial health rely on accounting for and accepting irrevocable, non-refundable donations from the public. Therefore, MicrobeTV considers all donations to be nonrefundable.
Content in this video should not be construed as medical advice.
-----------------------
#microbe #viruses #coronavirus #pandemic
-----------------------
I could listen to Steph read the phone book. Thanks for walking us through the study!
*Summary*
* *[**0:00**]* *Topic:* This episode of the Immune podcast discusses two papers: 1) immune responses in humans intentionally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 2) how bat antibodies function differently at different temperatures.
*Paper 1: Human SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Study*
* *[**2:07**]* *Background:* Researchers in the UK intentionally infected healthy, young volunteers with the original SARS-CoV-2 virus (before variants emerged). This allowed them to closely monitor early immune responses in a controlled setting.
* *[**2:53**]* *Key Findings:*
* *[**9:24**]* *Innate immunity:* Interferon responses were detected in the blood *before* the nose, which was unexpected.
* *[**11:22**]* *Cell types:* Different immune cell types infiltrated the nose (the site of infection) depending on the severity of infection (sustained, transient, or abortive). Surprisingly, ciliated cells were found to be highly infected.
* *[**16:22**]* *Adaptive immunity:* T cell activation was primarily seen in those with sustained infections. Those with abortive infections seemed to control the virus before T cells became heavily involved.
* *[**19:30**]* *Timing:* Changes in innate immune responses, including interferon, were detectable *before* symptoms appeared.
* *[**26:41**]* *Implications:* The study provides a unique and detailed look at early immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, potentially helping us understand why some people develop severe disease while others don't.
*Paper 2: Bat Antibodies*
* *[**27:23**]* *Background:* Bats are unique mammals capable of flight, which requires a fluctuating body temperature (from very hot during flight to very cold during torpor/hibernation). This study explored how these temperature shifts might impact their antibodies.
* *[**30:25**]* *Key Findings:*
* *[**34:48**]* *Temperature sensitivity:* Bat antibodies showed *increased* binding strength and breadth (the ability to bind to multiple antigens) at higher temperatures. This was not seen in humans or other mammals tested.
* *[**48:50**]* *Mechanism:* This effect seems to be driven by changes in the structure and properties of the antibody's antigen-binding region (Fab) at different temperatures.
* *[**1:00:21**]* *Polyreactivity:* Bat antibodies were more likely to be polyreactive (able to bind to multiple, diverse antigens) than human antibodies, potentially contributing to their broad protection against pathogens.
* *[**1:02:05**]* *Autoimmunity considerations:* The study raises questions about how bats avoid autoimmune reactions, as their antibodies could potentially bind to self-antigens at higher temperatures.
* *[**1:09:51**]* *Implications:* The study reveals fascinating insights into the unique immune system of bats and how it's adapted to their unusual physiology. It also suggests that bat antibodies might not be suitable for human therapies due to their potential for broad reactivity.
*General Discussion Points*
* *[**25:10**]* *Ethical considerations:* The human challenge study raises ethical questions due to the risk of long COVID.
* *[**1:11:10**]* *Future research directions:* Both studies highlight areas for further research, such as understanding the genetic basis of bat antibody temperature sensitivity and the mechanisms behind their broad reactivity.
Summarized by AI model: gemini-1.5-pro-exp-0801
Cost (if I didn't use the free tier): $0.1547
Input tokens: 40008
Output tokens: 1395
Brianne Barker, hot flashes will make you sweaty at night, just FYI😓
I have a question regarding the bat study, did they or were they able to differentiate between the different subtypes of IgG, assuming bats do have multiple subtypes? If bats are like humans and have multiple IgG subtypes could there be a shift towards IgG4?
I have an apple watch: it takes about two months to go wrinkly, unless it's bruised.
Im guessing this larger numbers found in ciliated cells is common in all Respiratory viruses, no? Over 60 % of viral rna in only 4% of the cells kinda explains why its such a successful disease causing virus. If Sars kills the cilia cells it shouldn't be very good at longevity.
Did we know why Fharenheit when scaled thermometry indicate 100F on that scale ?
Maybe he had 100F ?
Imagine having to bridge that species gap just to survive and then...a bridge to an undiscovered world.
UK study: sounds highly unethical!!! Human laboratory mice!!! Sure so helpful!
The study is still ongoing and is based in Oxford, UK.
One difference is that humans can consent, and we have pretty rigorous consent laws here.
More ethical than forced experimental subjects via vaccine mandates. These 16 people knew the risks and consented to the risks.
.