What Is The Best AWD System?
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- Опубликовано: 27 июл 2024
- What's the best AWD vehicle? What all wheel drive systems are best? How do differentials impact the AWD system? This video looks at open differentials, locked differentials, limited slip differentials, and torque vectoring differentials to determine the advantages of each in various situations.
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3:23 'a prop, which clearly i dont use for its intended purpose very often, but...'
Gold
looked for this comment :)))
cheers i missed that!
You should do one comparing different systems. NOBODY understands how Haldex works (and why FWD transaxle based Haldex cannot do rear wheel drive bias....everyone thinks it can). It would be good to compare Haldex against other systems including GKN's Twinster system.
wb quatro system?
@@Wreckedftfoxy Quattro is the best
I don't like all wheel drive. Every time I put the spare tire in the trunk it starts spinning.
5wd
TheTallMan35 that's not all. What I dont like is the way you lose fuel economy powering the wheels on all the other cars and trucks
Is there a chart where you can see all these systems compared?
i add 4 spare wheels in the trunk
that way i launch faster than anyone
1 second for 0 to 100km/h
it works trust me
J.C. I never noticed that......
"You are probably falling off of a cliff which is unfortunate". Indeed...lol
I know right!
+George PS Mouyios This cracked me up
its only unfortunate. not bad. unfortunate
i laughed harder than i should've at that
lol im not the only one
That was a great explanation! Would have been cool to have a few real world examples of cars that use them and why.
In Mr. Regulars voice:
"Which AWD system is best AWD system?"
+ringindustries My awd system is the best awd system because subaruuuuuu impossibruuuu
+ringindustries aw goddammmit. i saw this comment only after literally commenting exactly this myself 5 seconds ago
+ringindustries which video was it?
+Harzman01 "Which Mustang is Best Mustang" by Regular Car Reviews
+ringindustries
My awd is best awd cause low range transfer case.
MERICA!!! GOTTA WAR WITH BROTHERS AND I DERR HUNN DER DAAH DER!!!
I swear this dude has to be the only youtuber who can stand in front of a camera for a half an hour and just talk and completely hold my attention.
Another great video. I like how you snuck a joke in about the usage of the weight.
You know these videos are good when you have to rewind everything several times over just to make sure you absorbed the info
Nice to see the white board still works.
+TurdFurgeson571 Functional as ever!
so is the whiteboard a limited slip differential?
I love the 3 cylinder mid engine design, you should patent it..
Looks more like 3cyl center left engine...
good for left turns. lemme tell ya
seven im dead lol
seven
N A S C A R
still providing laughs 4 years on
Just wanted to drop by and say I love your self-deprecating humor in these videos. They're always informative, and the humor just makes them that much more approachable!
This channel is made for car geeks, love it.
shinzantetsu...I think I'll just stick with a 2 drive system!!! 😣
Alex, I absolutely love your brain! you are amazing.
+Stewart Starling Thanks Stewart! My name's Jason. Unless you were talking to Alex, in which case I take back everything!
+Engineering Explained I think both Alex and Jason are cool.
Wait, who's Jason and who's Alex?
+blabla suqew You.
KaptenFluffen My mind just blew!
Thank you for using the VW Iltis frame as thumbnail. 😃 A very special part time AWD leading to Quattro technology!
the best is one where you can manually lock and unlock differentials, if you know how to use locking diffs for traction. the best for the average driver is one that automatically locks and unlocks the differentials, like the Subaru intelligent AWD system
I appreciate the hard work you do for these videos. Everyone is extremely helpful and interesting. Thanks for sharing your knowledge with the world
Lol...I learned how open diffs work myself by getting stuck in a pothole!
Finally! Thanks to this "presentation" with weight I understood why wheels can rotate with the same speed but have different torque and vice versa. Thank You very, very much!
You have all the makings of a great weather man :)
More like the makings of a great college professor or engineer.
A good follow up video to this would be to analyze the AWD systems of different manufacturers to see who has the best (cough) Subaru
+itzcuzimgreek32 Really just the STI though. Otherwise, Audi Quatro.
*****, I've never seen a head-to-head comparing Subaru Symmetrical AWD with Audi Quattro. I do know that Quattro features torsen differentials whereas Subarus don't (except for the STI).
+itzcuzimgreek32 lol Mitsubishi's is way better, though. Instead of braking the inside wheel in the front, it speeds up the outside wheel.
+logicity1 Just like the WRX STI
Ah, you're right, I was thinking of the WRX
Can you please make a video about why the Jaguar F-Type makes crackle noises? Thanks :D
What you are hearing is commonly referred to as "burbles" and "crackles", AKA "over-run". This occurs when the hot, fast moving gasses rapidly cool and slow down inside the exhaust. Many cars include "flaps" that open and close to restrict the size of the exhaust to eliminate this from happening. This reduces efficiency and power, since you are slowing down the exit speed of the exhaust gasses.
IMO , that was one of your best videos to date. Thank You!
I just love how he sounds like Bill Nye. It keeps me hooked and loving the content.
Good video thanks for posting. I have always liked the Acura SH AWD.
The very best AWD system? An electric motor at each of the wheels, controlled by a computer similar to what is used in antilock braking systems.
Ray
Haldex is by far the best AWD , SAAB was one of the inventors.
No need for computers if you use DC motors... Just wire them all in parallel. The slowest motor always draws the most current.
I was thinking the system on the old G Wagon. Your’s is better.
@@robertkesselring Good to know. Then why do almost all EV manufacturers prefer AC motor instead?
On heavy truck applications, in addition to the differential lock out between the two drive axles, there is also an option whereby there is a intra axle lock out feature for both axles. This means all eight tires will be turning if the engine is running and the transmission is in gear.
Thanks for the videos! Every time I watch one of your videos I learn something. Its nice to have a smart person in my corner!
Electric torque vectoring is best; NSX, RLX, La Ferrari, 918, P1, P85D.
Rimac, Nikola, Rivian.
You forgot TL[X], MDX, old generation RDX (the turbo powered version). The RLX is a little different because it's actually just FWD engine with a vectored electric motor for the rear wheels to mimic their usual SH-AWD system. I believe the RLX is closer to a combination of systems that he alludes to near the end of the video.
@@ryanshannon7703 RL had SH-AWD too
@@mackcummy4976 RL was dope. Huge and by todays standards an analog smart phone, considering the plethora of buttons. But, it was dope. A shame the ZDX wasn't able to develop. I really like that sport CUV.
"You're probably falling off a cliff (which is unfortunate)..."
Lol "...you're probably falling off a cliff at this point, which is unfortunate..." 😂😂😂 so nonchalant in your delivery.
"If you only have one wheel on the ground, you're probably falling off a cliff or something, which is unfortunate." Definitely unfortunate. Thanks for the laugh Jason! Great video!
A little Tip Alex!
You could use lego to explain even better!
There are diffs, steering racks and more ;)
Hope to help!
loool i meant Jason xD
Great tip Susan, thanks!
hahahaha cheers from Chile Engineering Explained !
Subarus seem to be a top seller in places with a lot of snow.
Ron West they are the best acr you can get for the money
Except your average Subaru (WRX & STI discluded) has the first type of open diff AWD system. I own an Outback and was surprised at how poorly it handled snow vs my Lancer Ralliart that is equipped with LSD's. It's a shame that Mitsubishi have effectively killed their awesome AWD system as it is superior to most similarly priced AWD systems, In fact the EVO X is the only non exotic I can think of that has a true torque vectoring system (Subaru cheat by using the brakes on the WRX).
My forester xt is great in the snow
*****
Branko Botic Try an STI in the snow and see if you feel the same way.
Great video. Maybe next you could make a video describing front-wheel-drive biased all wheel drive systems, since they are pretty much the norm in CUV's recently.
if this guy only learned to make animations he'd be a youtube legend.
he might talk a lot of substance but a picture is a thousand words and a quick animation is a million.
i can't even his awdsplaining...
In your first example with the open diffs. If the center diff is open then the drive train will send the power with least resistance. Like an open diff in a axle will send it to the wheel that is on ice. The center diff will only send the power to that one axle. So one wheel drive. Take a Land Rover Defender for example. It has a selectable center diff to combat gear box wind up. So unlocked its open. Locked it is a traditional transfer case sending power front and rear. And to go off of the brake assisted traction aid. A Land Rover Discovery Series 2 has this exact aid. And again if center diff is open the brakes will engage slipping tires. But will only send power to one axle. Center diff locked then you can have the power front and rear. So each axle can have a tire with power.
Several subarus have torque vectoring, even in some of the cheaper models.
The reason to drive an AWD vehicle is to maintain forward momentum in low traction situations. In my experience whichever individual wheel is turning slowest, (responding to resistance from traction) is where the torque should be sent.
love the going of the cliff analogy
+engineeringexplained What type of markers do you use for the white board? Those are some crisp black lines.
really??? XD
+Renato pereira but aren't they crisp? hahaha
I never thought about it until I read your comment. Holy Jesus balls those are some nice markers
+Wtrxprs007able that's what I'm saying haha.
+Zach Willie haha so vibrant much thickness very marker
What category does Subaru stand? Especially for the WRX and WRX Sti
Subaru has so many different setups but I can say the the STI is the only one with three LSDs. I believe the WRX has a center and real LSD and an open front diff. They get worse from there.
WRX and WRX STI is using DCCD. Which is pretty much a viscous coupling.
Garbage section, really down at the bottom of the barrel for awd systems.
They've got 4 setups, the Outback has the best system for daily use. WRX has that near 45/55 split which makes it great since it has a small change in distribution of power. The STI has the best for racing.
I'd love a video where you describe various differentials. Ideally with physical models.
One thing I miss about my 2009 Subaru Outback, that I wish my 2015 had, is the limited slip rear differential. It really helped with off road traction, but could be a pain in winter driving, because the 60/40 or 65/35 rear bias, _(Can't remember)_ with the limited slip diff, made my 2009 Outback a little squirrely at times, LOL!
On my 2006 STI I can control the DCCD from full open to full lock, has a center diff, Subaru STI DCCD Is Life!
+David Mudrik It doesn't matter on your car David because your ride lights up all four. LOL
Haha true! Hopefully new tires will help out a bit!
David Mudrik HAHA maybe! That torque is nuts.
+David Mudrik LOL but keep in mind your 2006 still has preload on the center diff and can't go "fully open" like the 2004-2005. Not sure if this is a good thing or not, though, depends on perspective I guess haha (I have a 2005).
jsquared1013 maybe the case, I always leave it auto anyway lol.
What about Nissan's ATTESA ET-S System ?
+Ryan Callahan I have a video on the subject, search my channel for GT-R AWD :)
Thank you for putting your ad at the end! Watch it gladly after your lesson.
Thank you for the great video Jason, I was trying to explain this to my co-worker , so on my Legacy is an LSD sounds like...
I know it's hard to explain things that are complicated in a 12 min video. But when you say torque, you have to say which torque. The engine's torque is assumed constant, the diff torque total (we're not talking losses or gearing) must equal that of the engine torque. The torque must go somewhere.
So when you say that the torque to spin a tire is not that much, I think you are talking about the torque being applied to the ground to generate a force to move forward. If a person were to grab that airborne, spinning wheel, they would experience all the torque the engine has to offer.
Open diffs = torque is channeled to the tire with the LEAST grip. If that torque is sufficient to make that tire spin, since the force due to friction of a slipping item is less than one that isn't slipping, that spinning tire receives a higher percentage or torque, which makes it spin even more.
+davetek490 This is a very common misconception. Open diffs do not send torque to the tire with the least resistant. Torque is split 50/50, always. Because an wheel with little resistance spins easily, it doesn't take much torque. Because it doesn't take much torque, the engine doesn't make much torque to put down (it needs resistance, you can give it gas but it will just increase in RPM rather than create more torque - the engine in this case provides the resistance). I have videos in the description explaining this further.
+Engineering Explained This got the concept though to me. The torque is based on engine load! Low resistance = low load = low torque output! By golly, I think I've got it this time!
Engineering Explained
I never thought of it that way. Help me understand this: when a FWD car has an open diff, and turns in a circle, the road is accelerating the outside wheel? The diff just allows the speed mismatch? For some reason, I always thought the diff was actively transferring extra force left to right in that instance. Since the outside wheel is easier to turn, I thought the diff was sending more torque there. Something must act on the outside wheel to accelerate it faster than the inside wheel.
Best AWD is four electric motors each powering a single wheel, lighter, efficient and very simple. Too bad batteries are still not there.
+elpidiovaldez4ever actually they are already there, but politics is still playing ball with fossils.
+elpidiovaldez4ever --> Mercedes Benz SLS Electric Drive! It has 4 electric motors with torque vectoring. People Dont want to hear it, but it is far more advanced than the Tesla.
+elpidiovaldez4ever That would be a lot more expensive and it gives you 4 points of failure vs the single engine. If one of the electric motors locks up then it renders the car almost immovable.
+akrazyassho 4 points of failure? a single 4 cyl engine have more movable parts than 20 electric motors combined.
You said if one of the motors locks up it renders the car almost immovable then what about if one single cylinder from the engine do the same, or maybe the transmission fails, or the differential, or maybe a more complex AWD system. You have WAY more points of failure in an regular car, they are just pretty reliable because we have been making them for more than 100 years.
+akrazyassho electric motors are extremely reliable. In factories they are doing their job 24/7 for 10 years and more. when it comes to reliability, the batteries are the bigger problem.
This is a great explanation - I had read on some of this but never understood the torque vectoring design which I believe Halidex uses - in BMWs and the Buick Regal (which can put up to 90% power to the front or rear). I had believed that Subaru used the Limited Slip Differential technique and this confirms it. Thank you.
If my memory serves me correctly, the DSM cars had a viscous transfer case, and a LSD rear diff with an open front diff. That made for some very potent traction back in the day.
what does the SUBARU uses for its AWD technology ? Torque vectoring ?
Nah, it uses LSD's. But sadly, most newer subarus except the STI has open diffs these days. The old one is better if you have a normal subaru. (And yup, I know I'm bumping an old comment.)
viscous coupling center diff
@@madhatresearcher7995 Only manual Subaru's still have a viscous center diff, Subarus with a CVT have an electronically controlled center diff so that the computer can choose where to direct the torque.
Subaru uses an electronic limited slip center differential and open differentials in the front and rear. They uses the brakes to redirect torque left to right when the computer thinks it necessary. As you can guess after watching the video, it's not the most advanced AWD system, it's advantages are that it's mechanically reliable and relatively inexpensive, which is important for Subaru since AWD is standard in their vehicles. I believe Subaru's advantage over most of their competitors is that they are better at programming their computer on when and where to direct the torque. Torque vectoring is relatively expensive, and so it is mostly found in luxury AWD vehicles, which aren't really who Subaru competes against. Few car buyers are cross shopping Subarus and Land Rovers. The AWD systems in the vehicles Subaru actually competes against are not more advanced.
Best AWD system
Subaru symmetrical AWD system
For the price, yes, but Land Rovers is just better, you get what you pay for.
Potato Cat Land Rover is 4wd, so yes. But this was about AWD.
Not even close
Svein-Harald Ribland Land Rover is all wheel drive, it uses traction control rather than locking differentials
Love the explanation, wonderful work!
Audi Quattro 2012 to 2017 uses the crown gear LSD center differential that mechanical splits torque 60:40 rear biased normally and up 85:15 rear bias or 70:30 front bias under traction loss situations and torque vectoring via ESP.
2017 onwards in certain models use whats called Quattro Ultra, and that is a open rear differential with a clutch pack on the right axle, and a clutch pack centre differential. its in FWD most of the time with the rear axle completely disengaged (Almost like a hybrid Haldex system) and then through clutch engagement and ESP has up to a 85:15 split rear to front, or 70:30 front to rear split and torque vectoring via ESP.
SH-AWD isn't too shabby either
+ThatGearHead™ Torque vectoring diff's win my vote. Now implementation is a different story. For something that needs low maintenance I'd stick to a torsen. My 3rd gen TL has been bullet proof for years now!
+ThatGearHead™ I have to agree.
dood let the honda dream die sh awd only turns on when it senses the lack of motion so by the time it ingages you probly already hit the ditch or spun out.
Ricardo Salas Lol... What? This isn't a viscous coupled system. Do more research on AWD implementations. You're way off base.
+vidurc dood sh awd is shit read up on some hondon't race history that over weight slow ass older than the 80s drive is useless it only activates when it senses slip the rest of the time its fwd at its finest this is one of the f1 tech from da 80s of hondon't that should have stayd on the track its badly implemented and one of the main resons why lemons bands the use of awd past the 25mph mark what hondon't needs to do is finally relaese AI-vtech thats the only thing that will save the brand from becoming a releck it was promissed sins 2006 and nothing wtf also bring back the prelude the best chasis ever made bb1.
Subaru.. Now if they would fix the headgasket issues.
Was fixed back in '99 when the EJ25D was discontinued. Newer headgasket issues, generally, occur on 200k+ mile cars that are poorly maintained.
I have a 2008 and the head gaskets leaked oil and 2200 to repair at 66000 Miles. Now has 124000 miles and Subaru says they are leaking oil are in need of replacement again. So I just want you to know your information is flawed. P
I also had the 1998 and the head gaskets blew at 135000 miles coolant in the cylinders.
Unless Im the only one to have a issue which I seriously doubt. I was assured when the 1998 blew, by SUBARU themselves that the issue with the head gaskets had been resolved. We now have a 2017 outback with the FB engine npw Yea we love the cars and they hold up well mostly. I would appreciate knowing where you received your data from. all 2.5 had issues and the 3.6 and 2.0 were less suseptable as they had closed or semi closed decks 2.5 were open deck blocks.
improved not fixed.
FCFordLord yes I just changed mine xt 2003 after 240.000km on it
NotHarry1000 ı have ej20 xt 2003 ı chnaged gasket 244.000km ,
Higher temp in ej25 2,5lt means earlier change .Head gasket is problem in turbos due to high performance cause temp rise if you have a little small problem in radiator ,coolent,corrosion lack of antifreeze rust starts and coolinf performance detoriates and finally small temp rise means burning head gasket in subaru.
If temp rise in subaru 100 pct headgasket burned and must be changed , subaru temp gauge must be fixed
"...A prop which clearly I don't use for it's intended purpose very often" I got a chuckle out of that. I like the sense of humor!
I wish more companies did a system like the Evo 6 with multi clutch plates in the center diff which could be electronicly controlled biasing torque either more towards the front or the rear. There's a knob by the shifter console that you can turn to help tune the awd for the environment or track etc. And yes I know he did mention Mitsubishis system, that's why I like him he lays out the facts as unbiased as possible. My 👨!
the best AWD from my experience driving everything 2wd, FWD, and 4WD is from SUBARU. may videos have comparisons of AWD systems, even comparing Subaru AWD to 4 wheel drive... Tires make a very large difference in traction and a great AWD setup with poor tires will perform poorly... a great video.. thanks.
IMO.. BMW Xdrive.
Subaru is garbage, they don’t have torque vectoring, active yaw or active center diffs. Mitsubishi SAWC in the evo x is the best in the world.
You should have included the Audi Quatro. AWD i've always been intrigue by it.
Audi Quattro uses the Torsen limited slip differential
A true Engineer indeed.
Keep on brother.
I know, my comment is not about AWD but 4WD - Jeep Wranglers do not use a center differential. It is a RWD vehicle until the transfer case is engaged. The TC is locked so that both driveshafts rotate at the same rate only; it is either on or off. The Wranglers come with open diffs in most models, some came/come with a rear LDS and some come with selectable air lockers. My 2013 JK currently has open diffs and my 2003 TJ has aftermarket selectable air lockers. This system works *very* well in most regards, as I can have my rear locked in 2WD or 4WD with the front open for turning in snow or on ice, all wheels locked, front only locked (in 4WD, but I have not seen a use for this so far) or front and rear open in both 2WD or 4WD. It is amazing off road and behaves perfectly normally on road, with the added abilities of the selectable lockers. But in all cases when the front axle is engaged the two driveshafts turn at the same rate 100% of the time like a spool.
3:10... Do you even lift? :D
Evos baby ... Evo... has the best awd "oh excuse me [ S-AWC]" lol for your bucks.... well sti's too.. but right after the evos😜
yuset6 How’s that 2018 EVO AWD work? 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
krispewkreme Wait a min, take that back, u own a subie enough said ahaha. Good luck with them ringlands blowing up.
Nice Try well it’s a WRX. So ringlands aren’t an issue with the FA20
krispewkreme Lmao, 4b11 > fa20,
4g63 > ej25 it’s as simply as that my dude.
Nice Try yeah I know it is. Subaru should’ve partnered with Mitsubishi and shared the endings
True that. I really enjoy this guys videos. He can keep my attention. That's good
Thank you for the info. I liked the most the solution for open differential when a wheel is on ice: apply the brakes. Will be handy as the winter is coming.
I'm sure you realise the system is the one applying the brakes, not you....do you?
Best AWD? One motor in the front, one in the rear. Electric, of course. Shifts the power dynamically on the millisecond-level actually increasing efficiency. #DualMotorAWD
Man my Toyota sucks compared to to the other awd systems :(
+tonytypes Trade it for a Subaru 😀
yogaexe I would but Subaru doesn't have a 7 seater or a 3rd row...
+tonytypes If you have a 2003-2009 4WD 4Runner you have all the good stuff. Also the 4WD 2010 to present Limited 4Runner has the good stuff.
+tonytypes Get a 4runner AWD and you'll have one of the best.
I don't know what you have but my Toyota has one of the best systems. Open front axle, lockable centre diff and LSD rear ('06 Prado)
I work for Honda, and yes, vectoring is expensive. That's one reason Honda vehicles have gone up in price recently. They used a limited transfer case, but electronically controlled vectoring differentials.
Excellent explanation of the different full time all wheel drive systems. As far as I understand, it is the Subaru STI AWD system which is the best available in the market today. Many thanks for this excellent video.
Not really, because the center clutch pack engages on slip. There is another awd system for small crossover which has lockable 2 speed center diff which can on loose dirt road power all 4 wheels instantly without waiting for slip first. It's unmatched in segment
Man, this guy is an un-explainer.
So what's commonly used for
SUV:
Coupe:
Hatchbacks:
Saloons:like subaru wrx or audi s3
+faris s Just google the car you're curious about. They'll change from model to model. I don't think there's a common one that is just used in a segment. Heck subaru has like 5 different AWD systems for different cars.
+faris s
4x4 commonly use open differentials - except sports SUVs', like the Range Rover SVR which uses LSDs - and have a lock button/lever. This basically allows optimal traction to get out of mud and tricky situations. I must admit, helped more than once.
Coupes: depends on how expensive it is. Most performance orientated coupes use LSD, affordable ones run on open differentials but this is becoming rarer.
Hatchbaks: since most of them are FWD, they use Torsen differentials. See, FWD cars are difficult to steer while braking and lack traction when accelerating, so they use one way LSDs' that are open when braking but locked to a certain degree when accelerating. Causes lift-off oversteer (due to the dif opening) and, certainly, climax.
Saloons: Open for common ones and LSD for performance oriented vehicles.
Supercars/Hypercars: LSD (eg Porsche 996) or torque vectoring (eg Porshe 918), or even Open though extremely rare (McLaren P1 uses an open dif and brakes to create yaw).
Please note that some cars have some sort of a yaw control (lancer Evo) or something like a clutch pack to do some sort of torque vectoring (eg Nissan R34 GTR Vspec using ATTESA).
It is far from easy to determine which one is the best for AWD, FWD or RWD when considering the price. It all depends on the budget and how the chassis behaves.
Basically, we could admit that AWD are best with torque vectoring since they have a lot of traction. FWD are best with LSD Torsen or some kind of open differential when braking, and RWD cars depend on where the engine is. Overall, manufacturers are having a trend on torque vectoring, which is about logic since there is no drawback except the cost. Oh, and it allows to create the best thing on earth to pick up some girls without even using the handbrake: drift modes (watching you, Ford Focus RS!).
Anyway with the ludicrous amounts of horsepower you can find nowadays, pure Open differentials have a hard time putting the power down and are being avoided.
This channel is great, thanks for all these videos
My car has Torque vectoring (I am pretty sure). BMW X-Drive. I drove in the Alps this winter and the car went up pretty steep roads with a lot of snow on them. I was very pleased with it. Also there was a police officier who controlled that only cars with all wheel drive or snow chains drove around and I was very glad I didn't have to put on snow chains in freezing temeratures.
hello, may I ask, don´t you know what kind is mitsubishi´s AYC drive ? ... it is torque vectoring ? could you please explain it ? thank you very much
You'll enjoy this! ruclips.net/video/h2Ojw8lCZX4/видео.html
thx, you are the best ;) !
SH-AWD :)
I'm surprised he didn't mention it. I was hoping to hear some brand names which uses what
thank you. this should help settle an argument Im always having with my uncle once and for all.
"would be unfortunate." Yeah, you could say that. Most people might describe going off a cliff a bit differently.
Good video. Didn't go fully into depth, but that's okay. One thing I would've liked to see you mention is fwd (or rwd) based systems. The ones where the car is direct drive to one axle (typically fwd for everything but larger SUVs and trucks), and the other axle recieves power through a transfer clutch. these are the type of awd most non-performance cars use, as a clutch is cheaper and simpler than a center diff.
Best system: 4 electric motors, one per wheel.
I read through the comments because that is exactly what I was going to say.
Yeah that is a good system, but a few disadvantages are you will be limited in the amount of torque a single wheel can receive; In some other systems a single wheel can receive full torque. You can obviously overpower the motors for the application, but that comes with a weight disadvantage. Still one of the best systems for many reasons as you are probably aware.
👍 And with torque vectoring.
@@samantoniak1657 how are you limited aside from the output of the motor? Anyone using this setup is not lacking power.
Quattro
The Gifted
I would have agreed before ~2005, but now the Subaru package is priced correctly.
Atessa (Nissan) hardly on any models, has a reduced VDC package (abs+) for regular cars.
It's all the same now, get a traditional awd and not the car-based platforms. Body on frame ftw.
I'm with you. Quattro is the best awd ever
LOL Quattro only mimics Torque Vectoring by using breaks.
Mitsubishi S-AWC is the best. Engineering Explained - "Mitsubishi Evolution X - How The AWD System Works (S-AWC, ACD, AYC)"
Jay Edlington
Price is not just for drive train!! I lived in japan for 9 years and even Japanese Subaru driver says they want AUDI QUATTRO
I love Audi but I also like Subaru!!
Its Mitsubishi S-AWC with YAW as #1 and then Audi #2, then whoever else. Anybody saying Subaru needs to get out of the house and sell those junk ass cars.
I've been thinking this over a bit in the context of electric vehicles, and here's where I come down so far:
1. You might think the best thing would be to have a motor inside each wheel, driving it. That would be the simplest mechanically, and the lightest and most efficient. But there are serious problems. First, you will have a lot more unsprung weight on each wheel, which will be very bad for handling. (It might work well if you have a completely smooth road, but that's rarely the case.) Second, the weight is distributed more toward the corners, which makes the moment of inertia higher for turning. Again, very bad for handling.
2. You could put a motor at each wheel, with some sort of CV joint or similar device. Unsprung weight is good, but moment of inertia is actually slightly worse. Vehicle weight is slightly higher than for #1, but not much.
3. Put four motors in the center, and drive each wheel through a relatively short drive shaft and two u-joints. A little more weight, but low MOI, and low unsprung weight.
4. All of these approaches have a problem. Any serious aberration in any of those 4 independent drive trains has the potential to disrupt steering, possibly catastrophically. You NEED a differential on each pair of driven wheels, especially if they are steering wheels, but really even if they aren't. The wheels need to be able to rotate at different speeds, but need to be coupled so they can't just go rogue.
5. AFAIK you don't really need a differential BETWEEN front and rear if you have independent electric motors, unlike the ICE case where there's only the single engine.
6. So cluster the motors in the center, run a short shaft out to each with two U-joints, AND put a differential between the right and left wheels. But DON'T just put a single motor driving left and right wheels. Drive the left and wheel wheels independently, each with its own motor, BUT put the differential between.
7. WHY? Well, the differential will be running at the gear ratios of the motors, so it runs at high RPM/low torque, and can therefore be lighter than if it turns at the rate of the wheels.
8. ALSO, when you're going straight down the road, which is the general case, the differential is really not doing anything at all. The whole thing is spinning around, but the gears are not turning relative to each other. Again, a very light differential, with minimal wear and tear.
9. Of course, you can still do torque vectoring, with any of these configurations.
10. In some situations, the risk of fully independent drive with no differentials is acceptable-perhaps in racing, especially drag racing. But IMO a wheel going rogue is just too dangerous for street use.
Some notes:
Most modern awd systems are the open diff design shown in the top right box. However, most use the ABS system and traction control programming to limit wheel spin and effectively move torque around. Basically they mimic LSD/Locking diffs. How good they are and what they actually do depends on how the manufacturer programs the system.
A lot of the torque vectoring systems are also ABS system based and are quite like the traction control system, just with added sensors and added programming to not just control wheel spin but also wheel speed in relation to driver inputs like throttle and steering as well as sensors in the car.
Many automatic cars will have a center electronically controlled clutch pack style differential and often open front and rear differentials. The electronic center diff is most often used to disable the rear wheels so the car drives most of the time as a fwd car which saves gas. If wheel spin is detected at the front tires, the center diff starts to lock up and sends some power to the rear.
From a performance as well as safety standpoint, it is important to understand how your awd system works. Knowing how it functions and how it reacts does help you understand, predict, and control the car better. You also get better comprehension of what you're feeling as the awd system, traction control system, and any other hardware and software functions act as you drive.
this is poor explanations IMO.. open diff is not 50/50.. open diff puts power to whatever wheel spins most easily.. locked diff is 50 50 and all wheels spin at same speed regardless or resistance.. the center diff is called a transfer case and most of what was spoken about is considered generally to be a 4wd system not awd.. I feel a talk about torsen LSD vs viscous LSD etc would have been more appropriate
So tell me an awd with locked diff then or with diff lockers even.. Or why he says open diff means power is split evenly between wheels?
+Cristian Rodriguez right, and usually the center diff is really just and open diff and part of the transaxle, like a fwd transaxle with a driveshaft. you don't find many cars or trucks that are awd with two drive shafts like his pictures very often. that is really how most 4wd setups are. furthermore, how do you make a video called 'What Is The Best AWD System?' and then draw 0 conclusions at the end? he doesn't even really explain the differences between mechanical and viscous diffs and advantages and disadvantages, etc.. just sort of glosses over that stuff. this is like a basic explanation of the different kinds of awd/4wd setups but nothing about how they are actually implemented. i stand by what i said earlier, this is not a good explanation.
Actually, he's right. Open diffs deliver the same torque to every wheel. Like he said, the reason why you don't get anywhere when one wheel is in the air is because there's so little torque involved spinning a wheel without resistance that the other wheels won't get enough torque to get you moving. He also explains the trick with the brakes.
In short:
Open diff = Same torque on every wheel, different speeds
Locked diff = Same speed on every wheel, but varying torque
clutch LSD = Always delivers torque to the slower wheel until the torque that overpowers the clutch is reached, then allows slip
visco LSD = Delivers torque to the slower wheel based on the difference in speed
lmao
i agree, these were pictures of various 4wd systems. a diagram of an AWD system would've had the motor at one end of the drivetrain or the other and he should've mentioned the torque steer created from having one shorter axle in the FWD end of things
ATTESA
The best AWD system is transmissionless. An electric motor built into each wheel. In effect what is called on electric bicycles a 'hub motor'. If a differential action is needed, build it into the software. Need to change the torque spread fore and aft, software adjustable instantly. If you want to steer without turning wheels and scrubbing rubber, slow the front and rear wheels on that side of the car slightly. I don't think I missed anything? All the systems you depict looked great until electric motor-in-a-wheel came along. Because you can't fit a 2.5l V6 petrol into a wheel hub. I've run out of stuff to say on the subject - your explanations are always succinct and thorough. Have you added up the mass of these gears, shafts, housings and couplings? About 300kg for most cars? Maybe 150kg for a little one like a Nissan Juke. Not required 90% of the time. Lugged around 100% of the time. Inefficient, complicated, and costly to make. Cut gears, cast housings, couplings, mating surfaces, hypoid oils, tyres that must not be unevenly worn by so much as a couple of mm. The electric hub motor AWD would only pitch in when the system or user called for it. When not, it still weighs hundreds of lbs less than this stuff based on 1950's designs. It can self-adjust for the difference in tyre diameter due to wear. To think that the car manufacturers are even now trying to leverage a new President who's anti-green energy, pro-polluting fossil fuels, to stick with all this stuff and ICE tech. Owners don't benefit. In 1999, this was all top tech!
This is a great episode; well explained!
simple, quattro :)
Focus RS because drift car.
Very well explained. Thank you!
Ah I hate it when I have one wheel on the ground, lock my diffs and then end up with hexagonal wheels! Great vid's man!
You forgot 2 motor 4wd systems like Tesla Model X =) And when your at it, 4 motor systems, and why this is not used.
Also, the use of electric motors in stead of ICE engines, and how electric motors enables you to ajust motor-tourqe thousands of times a second, and thereby redusing wheelspin.
Do you think im correct in predicting that electric motors are the future in offroad veehicles? (low wheight distribution, better low RPM tourqe, better tourqe control, fewer moving parts)
+Odd Arne Roll tesla model S and X with dual motor use one open diff per motor and use brakes to emulate lsd (marketed as so). resuming its open diff with a poor mans traction control (real life). its the first setup explained in the video without the center diff.
+Odd Arne Roll Electric motors are great, but batteries are not. They are heavy, expensive, inefficient, toxic, lose capacity fast, are short on capacity and get more flammable as they are used. Once they fix these issues and my smart phone lasts two weeks on a charge without using the same energy as my refrigerator. Then the electric motor will become an almost complete replacement for engines. 3D batteries show some promise.
did you just roast yourself at 3:28 ?
...ouch
3:23 *
Someone had to do it.
+Engineering Explained bro do you even awd?
not gonna lie my brain is hurting just a tad lol. but I think I got all of it, nice job man!
+Engineering Explained EE - Jason. Great summary of all the four various types of AWD, helped clarify after watching your detailed videos about each type. The question that I had in mind though ever since the MK3 Focus RS was announced is how it would differ from VW or Audi AWD systems and what the drivetrain layout would be... I know it has 2 electronic clutch packs at the back like from your "Torque Vectoring" video but don't quite understand how the rest link in. Is the order: Transverse mounted engine > transmission > front diff (2 drive shafts) > transfer case > propeller shaft > electronic centre diff > propeller shaft > electronic rear diff with twin clutch packs (2 drive shafts).
The only awd systems that can handle one wheel moving a vehicle forward on a slippery surface are subaru and jeep (quadra drive system); all the others fail this ultimate test. Fin
tiredrummertube nah, Land Rover always superior
Audi Quattro can do that as well. Even in a 3yr old SQ5. The newer system is even better as it has torque vectoring in the rear now.
tiredrummertube h
Real life test in Russia showed Subaru with open diffs failed at this, the only family car that got out with low efford when only one wheel had traction was a Volvo AWD.
ms3er, i believe the SQ5 has Sports Differential, you always have power to both rear wheels and 1 front, then the esc only need to brake down one front wheel to get good grip. I currently drive an Audi Quattro with open diffs and is 100% convinced that my next Quattro must have Sports Differential.
you got it completely backwards an open differential sends all torque to the wheel with the least friction locked sends equal torque to both wheels on that differential if one is in the air the one touching will drive you till you get both on the ground
buster81365, lol. looks like you have that backwards..
(Speed is kind of inverse of torque, the faster the axle spins for the same input power the less the torque that is being developed, very elegant..)
Just because the wheel is spinning, doesn't mean it is developing torque...
Lots of great info from this guy. It makes sense now..
Thanks. You explained that well. I appreciate it!