The chemistry of cold packs - John Pollard
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 3 окт 2024
- View full lesson: ed.ted.com/less...
If you stick water in the freezer, it will take a few hours to freeze into ice. How is it, then, that cold packs go from room temperature to near freezing in mere seconds? John Pollard details the chemistry of the cold pack, shedding light on the concepts of energetics and entropy along the way.
Lesson by John Pollard, animation by Karrot Animation.
The animation for this was flawless and so adorable
Kit
i was too busy watching the animation to follow the explanation, it it so well done
Same bro you are not alone lol
same lol
For all those who didn't understand..
The reaction between Water and Ammonium Nitrate is an Endothermic Reaction. This means energy is absorbed from the surroundings, causing the temperature to fall. As the energy barrier is low, the reaction happens quickly.
If it is gaining more energy from the environment, it should speed up the molecules not slow them.
I don't buy this explanation.
I could see this explaining the air getting colder around it but the pack itself that is pulling in that energy gets cold.
It's something else imo.
Great animation in this one!
replied after 2 years to show how many likes you got
Hahaha, hey thanks man. Was pleasantly surprised.
Lucas Jensen :)
Replied after another 2 years to show how many likes you got
Replied after 10 months to show you how many likes you got :D
I love the video game theme in this video!
The animations are great!
cutest animation...ever?
its like all of the little guys r different and no copy paste was used :D
however it didnt help me understand the whole thing whatsoever :s still have no clue
Holy crap, the animation in this was amazing!
I know right?
props to the animator, this is really cute
Nice animation, but I still don't understand.
in a simple way ,cold pack got solid water compound and a chemical substance called Ammonium Nitrate, in separate compartments, but when you crack the pack, ammonium nitrate meets water molecules and starts to attract heat from surrounding area in order to dissolve, that's why the pack gets cold. It's called hydrolysis
The heat that causes the pain in your body is converted into extra mass with in the cold pack. The gravitational attraction Etc increases by the new configuration of materials within the plastic bag. You can't make mouse out of nothing so the mask making engine scavenges for heat, which lowers the temperature of the entire bag of matter Tua level below your body temperature causing your body temperature to drive the heat into the bag. If there wasn't any heat available the arrangement would not be possible not just because there wouldn't be heat to cause the chemical reaction but the chemical reaction consumes Heat creating Mass out of it but don't expect 99.9% of scientist to confirm this for you because most of them are idiots and even among the Smart Ones they tend not to be very good at answering questions they did not have to know the answer to from rote memorization.
@@joseylastborn8790 wut?
5 years later hope it was helpful
Same tho
Thank you for all this great knowledge, your video helped me with a Research Paragraph i had to write for Chemistry but also helped me get a better understanding of endo- and exothermic reactions and what their function is!
I love the video game theme.
yeah, and a lot of it is from Pokemon games!
Loneliness level up!!!! I cri evri tim.
thebagelbomb cute squid
Me too
I know right?
The animation is so cute! Would it be possible for him/her to animate again
Yeah, I would want to watch an hour of this kind of animation!
IceIce Baby The animation is made by Karrot Animation
Thanks!
IceIce Baby exactly my response
Lol
i remember first learning about this when i was like 9. i wanted to extract the ammonium nitrate to make explosives.
XD
Rinoa Super-Genius
oh god
Why, did you wanna blow up the hous?
Who wouldn't
I ripped one open and drank it last year.
The animation is great, but not very illustrative. The title question itself is explained unsatisfactorily and shallowly in a single sentence or two. Some ideas are impossible to describe well using this medium and this one is one of them. But still, this video makes for a good overview and introduction and invitiation to learn more.
Agreed. The video didn't help me understand, but at least it sparked my curiosity.
That's the point.
This video IS to make a good overview and introduction and invitation to learn more. Spot on.
What did you expect? Becoming an expert in thermodynamics and physical chemistry by watching a 4 min long animated video?
Syeal7 Point taken. I still love Ted-Ed videos.
Syeal7 gg
Ya know theres other ted ed vids like meet the parasites
Love the 8-bit background music
Me too
After I understood the principle of freezing an ice pack, I could feel a lot. First, I was surprised by science because the principle was relatively simple and very efficient. The ice pack uses the principle that water and certain chemicals are mixed to produce a rapid cooling effect, which is an example of a technology that we can easily use in our daily lives, and it makes us realize how convenient science makes our lives.
The animation in this video was particularly enjoyable! Kudos to Karrot Animation!
the animation is adorable ♡
I know right?
I still do not understand. This one is way less then all the others.
G=H-TS
less G is preferred by the molecules
H is the energy stabilized by bonding, think burning coal give off even more heat (it's more negative when it's does that)
S is entropy, the more messy a system can get, the better, think a neat solid crystal salt dissolving in water (more positive when so)
T is the absolute Temperature, which has to be positive
result, 4 possibility exist , H and S both decreases, both increases, or either decrease and increase.
when H increase, and S decrease, G increases, this cannot happen by itself, as that is not favorable.
when H decrease , and S increase, G decrease, this will happen by itself.
in the remaining cases, it's a race between H and S
more specifically, when H increases (*when it's absorbing heat*), and S also increases (*when it's getting messy as well*) if the S term beats the H term, the reaction will happen by itself, and it's a cooling reaction (it's anti-burning)
Being completely vague : The reaction is set up in a cold pack so that it requires energy to complete (which it is favored to do so). The transfer of energy into the system makes it feel cold (endothermic)
Good Job to Karrot Animations for this great way of presenting, very creative!
The animation was absolutely adorable!
Cold packs are a fascinating example of chemistry applied to everyday life, particularly in the context of heat transfer and thermodynamics. The components inside a typical cold pack-water and a solid compound like ammonium nitrate-play crucial roles in producing a cooling effect through an endothermic reaction.
Endothermic Reaction and Heat Absorption
When you activate a cold pack by breaking the internal barrier, the ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. This dissolution process is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat from its surroundings. In this case, the "surroundings" are the immediate area around the cold pack-such as your skin or a swollen muscle. As the ammonium nitrate dissolves, it requires energy to break the ionic bonds between its ions and to disrupt the hydrogen bonds in water. This energy is drawn from the thermal energy of the surroundings, leading to a decrease in temperature.
Energetics: Intermolecular Forces and Particle Interactions
Energetics deals with the energy changes associated with chemical processes, particularly the interactions between particles at the molecular level. In the solid state, ammonium nitrate ions are held together by strong ionic bonds. Similarly, water molecules interact through hydrogen bonding. When ammonium nitrate dissolves, these strong interactions are replaced by weaker ion-dipole interactions between the ammonium and nitrate ions and the water molecules.
The key point here is that the new interactions in the solution are weaker than the original interactions in the separate solid and liquid. This results in an overall absorption of energy (heat) to compensate for the difference, which leads to the cooling effect.
Entropy: The Driving Force of Dissolution
Entropy, a measure of disorder or randomness in a system, plays a significant role in the dissolution process. Systems tend to move toward a state of higher entropy. When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, the orderly arrangement of ions in the solid lattice breaks down into a more disordered state where ions are freely moving in solution. This increase in entropy favors the dissolution process despite the endothermic nature of the reaction.
Significance in Heat Transfer
The combination of energetics and entropy explains how the components of a cold pack facilitate heat transfer. The endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate results in the absorption of thermal energy from the surroundings, effectively pulling heat away from the area where the cold pack is applied. This is why placing an activated cold pack on an injury can help reduce swelling and numb pain-the pack absorbs heat from your skin and underlying tissues.
Practical Implications
Understanding the chemistry behind cold packs highlights the delicate balance between energy and entropy in chemical reactions. It showcases how endothermic processes can be harnessed for practical applications like instant cooling without the need for pre-freezing or refrigeration.
In summary, The components of a cold pack-water and ammonium nitrate-are significant in heat transfer due to their roles in an endothermic dissolution reaction driven by energetics and entropy. This reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings, providing immediate cooling. The interplay between molecular interactions and the tendency toward greater disorder exemplifies fundamental chemical principles at work in a simple, yet effective, medical tool.
TED-Ed you're like school but there's pictures to make it fun to learn
I’ve been looking for this for years but now I found it 😅
I’ve never heard of these types of cold packs. I’ve been using the freezer ones my entire life.
3:28 actually my life
I love how this is animated. :)
I was so stuck up with the great animation that i forgot to even listen to him for a while... ⌨😂😂
Quite possibly the cutest depiction of molecules I have ever seen
Prof.Pollard is the best instructor I had in my BS
Loved the animation! :)
OMFG THESE LITTLE GUYS ARE SOOOOOO CUTE I LITTERLY DIED RIGHTING THIS
Entire answer : 3:55 to 4:01, 6 seconds equating to: it dissolves super random so it gets cold.
I really like the animation
The aesthetics of this video was very cool.
thank you so much this really helped me
I have taken college level chemistry, here is a simpler explanation from me.
In chemistry there are exothermic reactions and there are endothermic ones, the first type is where the reaction gives off heat (like burning a paper), and the latter type is where the reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings, why it happens? In short, some substances require heat to keep the reaction going, and the heat in the room can be just enough for the reaction to proceed. Also, the reaction in cold packs is called an automatic reaction, the reaction happens by simply mixing the two substances (i.e when you break the pack), whereas burning a paper needs some heat at first to kick start the reaction.
I like your thinking but your explanation doesn't really provide an "explanation" for why some substances require heat and some release heat. The video builds that explanation by addressing the two main factors that determine the outcome; energetics and entropy. In that sense, an endothermic reaction will not actually occur to any appreciable completion unless there is a gain in entropy associated. So, the reason that it even occurs is because of the entropy change. The fact that energy flows into the system as it occurs is related to the strength of interactions on the molecular level (as described in the video).
Thanks for the knowledge
I LOVEEE the animation! So creative and cute omg
Awesome animation!
Chemistry is so cooool
k
Joy S yaaa
ice cool
NICE ANIMATION
You wouldn’t need a cold pack just my heart
The animation... stupendous!!!
the animation is truly amazing 😀😉
i really love the animation! well done!
Great graphic idea!
cutest TED lesson yet
The animation was fantastic lol.
I loved the animation, i was smiling awkwardly whenever they showed the molecules
Him:do you understand how this works?
Me:THE VIDEO JUST STARTED AND ALDO NO I DONT UNDERSTAND
Lol
I like the tiny molequle guys they are my new friends
i LOVED THE EXPLANATION THANKS
Doesn't really explain it :(
I don't understand how people didn't understand this. This animation was so helpful.
Good Animation Type I Luv It
I needed that....
I loved the video, this one is still a little harder to understand than the other ones though. Great Job! You are changing the way I enjoy my life with your videos (Way better)
:)
I have no idea what is happening but I dig the animation
This is the cutest video in the whole world!
We need more videos 👍
I learned alot
They should do one about Biotinodase Deficiency.
Never knew it could be so hard to understand a video with a hangover.
I won't lie. I didn't listen to a word. The animation was outstanding. 😅
The cold pack looks so cute!
I know what you mean
They were sooooooooooooooooooooooo cuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuute
I know!!!!
This just blew my mind prrrrrrrr
I loved the part where it says.....a wild cold pack appeared! just like in Pokemon!
Even the ending is inspired from that anime!
Lol, love the animation.
Wow, this is great! The UTTP would be jealous.
this vid is fire!
I don't understand the concept of dissolving, the video told- the force of attraction is not enough to bind the molecules of the solute, and also the vibrations of molecules overcome the attractive force .........and thus......it dissolves . But it doesn't make sense as if you put that solute in air or in any medium the force of attraction would the same and also the vibrations of molecules (if temp. Is taken constant ) this means the particles would always overcome the force of attraction and dissolve in any medium , but that's not the case (e.g. oil in water ). I REALLY don't understand the concept of dissolving ..... What is dissolving??........plz do reply
This curiosity is eating me...
well done animation, to be honest i was lost a bit though with the explanation. I will give my iteration of how an ice pack works after watching the vid once (stoned).
water and a chemical mix.... attractiveness... entropy......randomness..endothermic.. poof cold pack
Ohio’s weather can go from room temperature to freezing in 10 minutes
Who still watches this in 2019?
Yes
1:28
JUST LOOK AT THAT MIDDLE ONE OH MY GOD
🐱
The icepack reminds me of the super meat boy art style
Hell yea
I enjoy these videos but this one went way over my head.
I knew how this worked until i watch this vid they need to do this over cause its not as simple as it should be. or maybe im wrong tell if its me caues i though that the reason it got cold was because this type of reaction takes in heat to flue the reaction, and they call in and endothermic reaction and exothermic for things that heat up
I Love How Its Based Off Of Pokemon And Super Smash Bros At The Start!
I know what you mean
2:36
B4: AAAAAAH
After: *freezes to death*
i have a question.... why do we need something so cold when we injure ourself?
You need more voice actors; variety. Also as I commented in a different video, he kinda sounds like crying. Otherwise great lesson
Yes his voice is horrible. He should speak up or something like this.
Gosh! I love his narration.No offence though:)
Norbi Gőcze It's not that bad. It just sounds like he needs to clear his throat.
Sounds like a real... Cold War
I Still Dont understand this, The solid dissolves in water because there is more entropy when dissolved ,But that means more entropy so more heat! so why does it cold?
1:26 Everyone he said known stars
means only known stars not all stars
Well I not for everyone I know many people know what he said
Yeah I know that he said that after one second of 1:26 but try it 1:27 and you will only listen stars not known
Why does the sun make me sleepy?
Its was great we have 3 icepacks
It's lagging so much..... my toaster can only handle so muchz
so what your saying is i have to disable a moving breathing ice pack by snapping its neck to make it cold then force it on my skin?
so if i break the barrier, i wouldn't be able to break it again??
Those molecules remind me of Kirby
2:24
Poor little cold pack!~
I made my drawing like this 😆
how cold does ice packs get?
I miss read pack as pancake
so.. its basically an endothermic reaction?
Anikah Rabbani yeah it's confusing. They lost me after he said that!
I opened one and spilled some on my body and ever since I've been getting ashy all day :(