USMLE Biostats 2: Types of Research Studies (Case Control, Cohort, RCT and more!)
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- Опубликовано: 6 сен 2017
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/ lymed Welcome to LY Med, where I go over everything you need to know for the USMLE STEP 1, with new videos every day.
Follow along with First Aid, or with my notes which can be found here:
www.dropbox.com/sh/an1j9swvjx...
This video is going to be on the different types of research. There are two broad categories: experimental (interventional) and observational. There are three types of observational studies: case control, cohort, and cross sectional.
Cohort studies: this is a prospective study, when you take a group of people (cohort) who do not have the disease, but have risk factors. Then you watch them prospectively and see if they develop the disease. You then compare this relative to those who don't have the risk factor: relative risk.
Case control: this is the opposite. This is a retrospective disease, where you get a group of people with the disease and look retrospectively to assess for risk factors. This study helps measure the odds ratio.
Cross sectional studies: this looks at the prevalence of the disease in the present. The group is gathered regardless of exposure or disease.
Some other study types include twin concordance study which looks at the genetic link between disease in twins. Another one is adoption study, which looks at nature vs nuture in children who are adopted to other families.
Our next big category of studies are experimental studies. The best ways to conduct an experimental study is to randomize your groups, having a control group. The gold standard for experimental studies is called a randomized controlled trial for that reason. There are some subtypes of RCTS, including a crossover study where members from one group crossover to the other. Another one is a meta-analysis, which pools common RCT that increase the sample size and power.
Last topic - the stages of an RCT. The first phase is to look at safety, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and side effects. The second phase is on efficacy. This is where most drugs fail. Phase three is whether or not the drug is better. Phase four deals with the longevity of the drug and to monitor it for long term side effects.
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Much love, -Mike
great job! You've got a nice voice for teaching. Easy to listen to!! Better than my biostats class in med school :)
Hey LY Med. Your videos are awesome! Your notes mentioned it correctly, but I just wanted to mention that phase II is when you assess for dosing and side effects. Keep posting... these are very helpful!
💜 hey LY you’ve saved my day Thankyou so much please make more videos 💜
This was a great video! thank you for explaining this topic so clearly
Great class LY!
Thank you so much. Great explanation!!! And very easy to follow
You explained this so well, thank you !!!!
You've just made my life easier, Thank you
Great videos bro, concise nd to the point
great to have you, i think it would be helpful if you concentrate in medicine education in wider audience. linking pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, investigation and management.
Thankyou so much. It helped me a immensly!
Life saving videos!
love it! thanks
Nice work bro!
Thanks! this helps me!
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Amazing videp
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Thank you
Superb
nice video, I have a question why doesn't case control study give your prevalence?
thanx
I have to observe and analyse two different groups in two different settings.. then which study design i hv to be followed?
good video, what is RCT I did not understand that
what about the retrospective cohort?
Yea good video but important to highlight that cohort can be both retrospective and prospective