I am a Chemical Engineering Student After Seeing This Video The making of Electricity by using Natural Gas Will be Very For Future Generations Keep it Guys Awesome Video😊🙂
I wonder why there are no methane fuel cell vehicle projects. It would be a lot more efficient than engine vehicle. There is a SOFC vehicle project by Nissan but it uses ethanol. Compared to hydrogen, methane is way easier to transport and distribute.
nicely done, reminds me of the oxide circuit board capacitor i share 2 years ago. well done. the recipe for more advanced one have been also shared. HARMONICS...
I still don't understand why people want to Charge there vehicle when they can buy a vehicle that has a solid oxide fuel cell and just fill it up at the fuel station
I just think if fuel can be converted into electrical energy then I think that it is a better idea than charging a vehicle if fuel can be put into a tank with a solid oxide fuel cell why not do it that would stop charging a vehicle and be less time consuming
I think it is because the first heating we made with oven that can be opened and filmed when it is red hot - it is actually not good and not allowed with the second oven.
@@bradmcclure4945 Depends how much time the fuel cell is working. I guess that if it is working for 10min then the heat up energy could be 10%, but for an hour work it could be 1%.
Do I need to burn the fuel to the fuel cell I mean it is must on fire? How to heat the fuel cell without burning can I use built in electric furnace technology? I want to avoid Internal Combustion while using SOFC is that possible?
I thought I saw a comment where he said it only needs to be heated up at the start to 700c & then the chemical reaction will keep it hot. So I don't think you need combustion but I'm not 100% positive.
What is the material cost of this cell? How much energy could it generate before the isolator degrades too much? How much power could this cell handle if both the air and fuel sides were pressurized as much as possible? Could it handle ethane, propane or butane?
There is no precious metals in the cell so in the long run the cell won't be expensive. One of the problems is that some ions can migrate into the ion-conductive membrane but it is not a huge problem. The problem is rather the cooling-heating cycles that may cause cracks to the ceramic materials. Power is good.
Hydrogen is a way to store energy. Electrolyze to produce hydrogen when there is enough wind and solar energy. Use SOFC to consume hydrogen when electricity is needed.
@@chemicum actually i was planning to develop a prototype where sofc stack is used.....so that's why...as a result i need some details regarding storing and using the produced electricity ......so can u answer those questions?.....also...what amount of electricity is produced?
Would La doped TiO/CeO on ITO glass with potassium silicate as a binder work? (I've been experimenting with organic solar cells, flow batteries, so there is some overlap here)
@@chemicum plan too! Just thinking if you had any idea of the eV needed for conductance in comparison to vanilla TiO... Figuring out all the energy conversion and barriers are new to me.
Both have max efficiency of 60%, however SOFC is new technology and theoretically it can go up to 70% efficiency. Gas turbines are huge and noisy, suitable only for industry. SOFC is quiet and suitable for a single house, trains or buses. I thick PEM fuel cell is more suitable for small cars.
Okay, very good. That 10% improvement may make it commercial, where is where much of engineering lives. If you can smurf it down to automobile size, we might (using the old idea of H2) and integrate it with home power? Chrysler, back in the early 60's tried to build a gas turbine car, and did, but the turbine produced unenviable heat to the passenger compartment. Too toasty.
This is very informative thank you I have a question Please is a practical sofc stack how is the high temperature achieved and sustained? I can’t seem to find any information online
Is it possible to transform the Toyota Mirai to be used with Methane? And can we use the methan (in gas form) insted of liquid? Also, you mentioned this Toyota Mirai 113kw pack is way cheaper than many other fuel cells like it. Does 113kw mean that it's out puting 113kwh? So 113,000watts?
Toyota Mirai has PEM fuel cell, which works at low temperatures and cannot use methane as a fuel. SOFC works at high temperatures and can take methane. 113 kW is just maximum power, it is not related to kWh, which is technically energy.
@@chemicum Thank you for the response and great video by the way! Correct me if I'm wrong but I read on the PEM fuel cell wiki that natural gas is possible to use if you removed most of the carbon monoxide before entering the unit? Do you know if it's possible to convert the Toyota Mirai PEM fuel cell into a SOFC or some form of High Temperature PEM so that it's compatible with natural gas? My main goal is to use natural gas (in a gas form) to power my home & I need a fuel cell unit that is affordable & has a lot of output power like the one in the Toyota Mirai. I may sound silly asking this but, does that 113kw output mean that I could power 113 (1000watt lightbulbs)?
@@joshuanorris9785 No, PEM does not take natural gas, however modified PEM could use methanol. PEM cannot converted to SOFC, it is a very diffecent technology and chemical composition. SOFC does not use platinum so it can be cheaper in the future. 113 kW (yes, 113 1kW lightbulbs, but LED lights are usually 0.005 kW) is utterly lot of power for a home. More reasonable would be a 10 kW SOFC stack in combination with 100 kW (50 kWh) Li-ion battery pack that help stabilizing larger current peaks.
Probably I will work a place that produces fuel cells. I would like to ask if there is a HEALTH RISK while preparing the mixture of Anod Katod and Eloktrolyt parts or in type casting and print screen parts. I am wondering about OXIDE POWDERS ??
Thx for the answer, "not much" means i will survie :-) ? I will not damage my polmons or having serious disase? P.S. I got fantastic infos from your video about SOFC and realy great job!
No, there is still catalytic reaction taking place on the anode. Note that PEM fuel cell works at 80 oC (only hydrogen), but SOFC fuel cell at 700-900 oC (hydrogen or methane)
It is quite new tech, cannot tell the price yet. The price will be probably high in the beginning, but should fall in time as there are actually no expensive elements used
Would La doped TiO/CeO on ITO glass with potassium silicate as a binder? (I've been experimenting with organic solar cells, flow batteries, so there is some overlap here)
Hi, can you please let me know the thickness of the pt wire in the earlier part of the video where the sofc is put on a flame and used for moving a fan.
@@chemicum Thank you for the reply. If I may please ask one more query. How was the contact between the electrodes and Pt wire made. Considering that SOFC are being operated at very high T > 600 C
@@chemicum Thank you for the reply. Sorry for additional query. Pt melting point is over 1700 C. So the flame from natural gas melts Pt and that melted Pt forms a bond with the electrodes. Or are there Pt particles within the sensing electrode matrix which then melts and forms a bond with Pt wire
if this can be operated at room temperature, it would be ideal as it can replace batteries for long term power supply inside portable devices eg phones and computers and even cars without the need for charging. Ideally a liquid fuel directly converted to electricity without combustion at ambient temperature.
Domestic PEM or SOFC systems currently sell for $25,000 per kW but some producers have promised to reduce price to $1000 per kW in the near future. [internet] I does not make sense as Toyota Mirai 113 kW PEM pack costs ~$60000 so $500 per kW
What you need to do is to create a fuel cell that will convert natural gas (methane/propane etc) ,petrol or diesel into electricity as all the infrastructure is already in my place. eg natural gas to my home and a petrol/diesel station just a mile away. All this battery electric car stuff is nonsense as we will have to build a whole new infrastructure for manufacture of batteries and charging points, all of which will have a significant carbon foot print, plus the burnt out battery recycling systems. Basically we need to extend the life of the already massive infrastructure we have so it can pay off its energy debt before we create a new one. Then when the oil and natural gas fields are exhausted we can use the tonnes of frozen methane at the bottom of our oceans. If NASA are talking about methane fuel cells on mars for to hydrogen and electricity why not use it here?
are this patented? can I sell this to help the industry to reduce the initial cost so you guys have cost effective market share & help advancing the technology for mass consumers👍😊
chemicum Thanks for your fast answer! You mentioned some materials at 3.58. But I have no idea about the used ratios or about the binding materials you used. Where did you get the information about how to build this? Could you also build a molten carbonate fuel cell?
The binding materials were just added to make the mixture ueable/rollable - it will be burned out later anyway. Just one example (not the easiest compositon) "To prepare the viscous electrode pastes, terpineol, dispersant (Solsperse 3000), polyethylene glycol (as a binder) and polyvinyl butyral (as a plasticizer) were used." jes.ecsdl.org/content/163/2/F88.short
are this patented? can I sell this to help the industry to reduce the initial cost so you guys have cost effective market share & help advancing the technology for mass consumers
Generally (except our low output demonstration) SOFC would give 0.75 V and up to 0.8 A cm-2 at 700 oC, but problem is effective H2 or CH4 gas consumption.
SOFC system. I've been following the technology since 2010, and I haven't been able to find a company offering a residentially used stack ! If you've got any leads or information regarding this, I'd be very grateful to know thanks.
@Chemicum Please respond to this comment at your earliest convenience. I'd like to introduce you to a funded partnership opportunity through an energy corporation grant. This grant is focused on developing an SOFC device that combines power from thermovoltaic plates. This matter is urgent.
@@chemicum unlike the electric grid which is a crown corp, FortisBC is owned by investors and day traders and their biofuels program is currently not open here in Prince George. BC Hydro only has to turn a small profit to keep running, and the mains light here is 98% renewable.
I am a Chemical Engineering Student After Seeing This Video The making of Electricity by using Natural Gas Will be Very For Future Generations Keep it Guys Awesome Video😊🙂
Plus natural gas can be replaced by Biogas down the line
@@navylaks2 ...or syngas, the cheapest and most viable alternative.
yes natural gas is a superior solution compared with straight hydrogen storage transport and the availability of natural gas wins
I wonder why there are no methane fuel cell vehicle projects. It would be a lot more efficient than engine vehicle. There is a SOFC vehicle project by Nissan but it uses ethanol. Compared to hydrogen, methane is way easier to transport and distribute.
my left ear really enjoyed the lab footage
Absolutely brilliant video! Thank you very much, this was so informative for my research.
nicely done, reminds me of the oxide circuit board capacitor i share 2 years ago.
well done. the recipe for more advanced one have been also shared. HARMONICS...
Where can i find this recipe? thanks
Thank you guys, phd materials and science engineering student
I still don't understand why people want to Charge there vehicle when they can buy a vehicle that has a solid oxide fuel cell and just fill it up at the fuel station
SOFC is still pricey, but there is no reason why it should be expensive in the future.
I just think if fuel can be converted into electrical energy then I think that it is a better idea than charging a vehicle if fuel can be put into a tank with a solid oxide fuel cell why not do it that would stop charging a vehicle and be less time consuming
@@chemicum plus fuel is technically like the stuff inside of a battery
Hi,
Do you have any published papers for this?
Thanks!😇
Very nice video. Why you are doing thermal treatment of cathode in different oven and not with box oven?
I think it is because the first heating we made with oven that can be opened and filmed when it is red hot - it is actually not good and not allowed with the second oven.
@@chemicum thanks
In what way is it externally heated for startup?
electrically from the grid or battery
how is the heat made to get the solid oxide system to work
Initially a SOFC is heated electrically, later heating not necessary
how much electricity is needed to get it started compared with the final electricity output of the system
@@bradmcclure4945 Depends how much time the fuel cell is working. I guess that if it is working for 10min then the heat up energy could be 10%, but for an hour work it could be 1%.
Does it need pure oxygen in tanks or from air and in large cell need something like turbocharger ?
it takes oxygen from air, simple computer ventilator will do.
Can you do a vid on how to obtain mercury from natural gas? I saw a paper that used a uv-arc on flue gas for this purpose.
Mercury from natural gas? It sounds like alchemy
True, it might only be trace amounts, but I was hoping for it to add up. Oh, well @@chemicum
Does the cathode, anode, and electrolyte have to be nano particles?
could be microparticles
Okay thank you
Do I need to burn the fuel to the fuel cell I mean it is must on fire? How to heat the fuel cell without burning can I use built in electric furnace technology?
I want to avoid Internal Combustion while using SOFC is that possible?
I thought I saw a comment where he said it only needs to be heated up at the start to 700c & then the chemical reaction will keep it hot. So I don't think you need combustion but I'm not 100% positive.
What is the material cost of this cell? How much energy could it generate before the isolator degrades too much? How much power could this cell handle if both the air and fuel sides were pressurized as much as possible? Could it handle ethane, propane or butane?
There is no precious metals in the cell so in the long run the cell won't be expensive. One of the problems is that some ions can migrate into the ion-conductive membrane but it is not a huge problem. The problem is rather the cooling-heating cycles that may cause cracks to the ceramic materials. Power is good.
my left ear really enjoyed the machinery
could a sofc use ammonia gas
I have some queries...
1)How can we store the electricity produxed from sofc?
2) How long can the produced electricity last?
Hydrogen is a way to store energy. Electrolyze to produce hydrogen when there is enough wind and solar energy. Use SOFC to consume hydrogen when electricity is needed.
@@chemicum actually i was planning to develop a prototype where sofc stack is used.....so that's why...as a result i need some details regarding storing and using the produced electricity ......so can u answer those questions?.....also...what amount of electricity is produced?
Would La doped TiO/CeO on ITO glass with potassium silicate as a binder work?
(I've been experimenting with organic solar cells, flow batteries, so there is some overlap here)
Don't know, you have to try yourself
@@chemicum plan too!
Just thinking if you had any idea of the eV needed for conductance in comparison to vanilla TiO... Figuring out all the energy conversion and barriers are new to me.
Ok, not to pee in everyone's soup, but how much more advantageous is the SOFC compared to a nat gas turbine. tiny or big? Is efficiency the advantage?
Both have max efficiency of 60%, however SOFC is new technology and theoretically it can go up to 70% efficiency. Gas turbines are huge and noisy, suitable only for industry. SOFC is quiet and suitable for a single house, trains or buses. I thick PEM fuel cell is more suitable for small cars.
Okay, very good. That 10% improvement may make it commercial, where is where much of engineering lives. If you can smurf it down to automobile size, we might (using the old idea of H2) and integrate it with home power? Chrysler, back in the early 60's tried to build a gas turbine car, and did, but the turbine produced unenviable heat to the passenger compartment. Too toasty.
what is the carbon footprint of the cell production process??
small, but indeed some formulations use carbon or sugar, which decompose to CO2 and create pores to electrodes.
OK how much electricity is needed to start the fuel-cell process
This is very informative thank you
I have a question
Please is a practical sofc stack how is the high temperature achieved and sustained?
I can’t seem to find any information online
In the beginning it is heated externally, later it may work on its own heat. There must be temperature regulation control unit.
So it produces high enough heat to sustain itself
How does it do that? Why PEM cells produce little heat
@@Aimmad19 PEM and SOFC produce 40% heat and 60% electricity
Is it possible to transform the Toyota Mirai to be used with Methane? And can we use the methan (in gas form) insted of liquid? Also, you mentioned this Toyota Mirai 113kw pack is way cheaper than many other fuel cells like it. Does 113kw mean that it's out puting 113kwh? So 113,000watts?
Toyota Mirai has PEM fuel cell, which works at low temperatures and cannot use methane as a fuel. SOFC works at high temperatures and can take methane. 113 kW is just maximum power, it is not related to kWh, which is technically energy.
@@chemicum Thank you for the response and great video by the way! Correct me if I'm wrong but I read on the PEM fuel cell wiki that natural gas is possible to use if you removed most of the carbon monoxide before entering the unit?
Do you know if it's possible to convert the Toyota Mirai PEM fuel cell into a SOFC or some form of High Temperature PEM so that it's compatible with natural gas? My main goal is to use natural gas (in a gas form) to power my home & I need a fuel cell unit that is affordable & has a lot of output power like the one in the Toyota Mirai. I may sound silly asking this but, does that 113kw output mean that I could power 113 (1000watt lightbulbs)?
@@joshuanorris9785 No, PEM does not take natural gas, however modified PEM could use methanol. PEM cannot converted to SOFC, it is a very diffecent technology and chemical composition. SOFC does not use platinum so it can be cheaper in the future. 113 kW (yes, 113 1kW lightbulbs, but LED lights are usually 0.005 kW) is utterly lot of power for a home. More reasonable would be a 10 kW SOFC stack in combination with 100 kW (50 kWh) Li-ion battery pack that help stabilizing larger current peaks.
Can this be hybrid molten carbonate + solid oxide fuel cell for car. I wondering how to make compact molten carbonate fuel cell for car like 30kw.
Molten carbonate fuel cell is a bit different I think
@@chemicum www.researchgate.net/publication/288109906_Hybrid_Molten_CarbonateSolid_Oxide_Direct_Carbon_Fuel_Cells
Can’t you make it out of gasoline instead ? Or even diesel?
It would work, but I think with methane efficiency is higher
Man you're a genius.
Probably I will work a place that produces fuel cells. I would like to ask if there is a HEALTH RISK while preparing the mixture of Anod Katod and Eloktrolyt parts or in type casting and print screen parts. I am wondering about OXIDE POWDERS ??
Gian Turco not much, the safety clothes were used not to contaminate clean lab
Thx for the answer, "not much" means i will survie :-) ? I will not damage my polmons or having serious disase? P.S. I got fantastic infos from your video about SOFC and realy great job!
So does the fuel cell heat up to 600 degrees in the presence of oxygen and fuel on its own or does external heat source always need to be applied?
In the beginning it needs external heating to 700 oC, then fuel cell stack should stay hot using heat generated itself
@@chemicum so I don't think this is the case with pure hydrogen. Does the heat just dissociate the hydrogen from the hydrocarbon?
No, there is still catalytic reaction taking place on the anode. Note that PEM fuel cell works at 80 oC (only hydrogen), but SOFC fuel cell at 700-900 oC (hydrogen or methane)
@@chemicumCould you consider SOFC for CNG a mature technology or under development ?
Can I use Ethanol?
Sure, just not before driving
Make video on calcium air battery.
Science mode it is doable, but not high efficiency or lifetime
How much oxygen does this system require
it should work with air, takes oxygen according to burning chemical reaction formula
chemicum I mean in a stituation in the vacuum of space. How much would the fuel cells use up the air, how much would I need?
chemicum CO32− + H2 → H2O + CO2 + 2e this being the reaction formula of coarse
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O or 16g oxygen per 2g of hydrogen. Or CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O or 64g oxygen per 16g of methane
chemicum thank you for your tremendous help, just one more question, at what rate would it react
Yay you are back
Will it work with any gaseous hydrocarbon, say propane?
SOFC can use propane
www.wattfuelcell.com/portable-power/watt-imperium/ this is on the market for several years now
@@JohannesLakshman It's so expansive! I'd rather just build one! This video is a great start
Very interesting but whats the price for one of those that can output 12-15V at a desent current to run an inverter?
It is quite new tech, cannot tell the price yet. The price will be probably high in the beginning, but should fall in time as there are actually no expensive elements used
@@chemicum yes, there is the constant exchange of cells.
love your content
what is the composition of the electrolyte paste?
there are several solvents and binders added to solid oxides - all the organics will burn off during heat treatment
Would La doped TiO/CeO on ITO glass with potassium silicate as a binder?
(I've been experimenting with organic solar cells, flow batteries, so there is some overlap here)
Hi, can you please let me know the thickness of the pt wire in the earlier part of the video where the sofc is put on a flame and used for moving a fan.
It was something around 0.15mm
@@chemicum Thank you for the reply. If I may please ask one more query. How was the contact between the electrodes and Pt wire made. Considering that SOFC are being operated at very high T > 600 C
Melted with Pt powder at SOFC
@@chemicum Thank you for the reply. Sorry for additional query. Pt melting point is over 1700 C. So the flame from natural gas melts Pt and that melted Pt forms a bond with the electrodes. Or are there Pt particles within the sensing electrode matrix which then melts and forms a bond with Pt wire
if this can be operated at room temperature, it would be ideal as it can replace batteries for long term power supply inside portable devices eg phones and computers and even cars without the need for charging. Ideally a liquid fuel directly converted to electricity without combustion at ambient temperature.
But not at room temperature, SOFC works at 600 -900 oC. PEM works at 60-80 oC.
@@chemicum can i feed this machine just natural gas without any combustion?
@@joshuanorris9785 Yes, SOFC works with methane.
Where can I buy this?
How much 10w module whould cost?
Domestic PEM or SOFC systems currently sell for $25,000 per kW but some producers have promised to reduce price to $1000 per kW in the near future. [internet]
I does not make sense as Toyota Mirai 113 kW PEM pack costs ~$60000 so $500 per kW
What you need to do is to create a fuel cell that will convert natural gas (methane/propane etc) ,petrol or diesel into electricity as all the infrastructure is already in my place. eg natural gas to my home and a petrol/diesel station just a mile away. All this battery electric car stuff is nonsense as we will have to build a whole new infrastructure for manufacture of batteries and charging points, all of which will have a significant carbon foot print, plus the burnt out battery recycling systems. Basically we need to extend the life of the already massive infrastructure we have so it can pay off its energy debt before we create a new one. Then when the oil and natural gas fields are exhausted we can use the tonnes of frozen methane at the bottom of our oceans. If NASA are talking about methane fuel cells on mars for to hydrogen and electricity why not use it here?
Ian Knight true, but for cars and smaller devices battery is faster and more efficient
What is the energy output though? I am designing a space craft that has to go pretty far for a school project. I know it has 85 per cent efficiency.
Parry it has up to 50-60% electrical efficiency and additional 20%thermal output efficiency.
@@chemicum
Great replacement for a boiler provides both heating and electricity.
Как всегда индусы работают, а Америка сливки снимает
Пойду дров подкину в печку
are this patented? can I sell this to help the industry to reduce the initial cost so you guys have cost effective market share & help advancing the technology for mass consumers👍😊
some parts may be patented
So can it be use CO2 gas
Yes, it us called SOEL - solid oxide electrolyzer
Very nice video as always...
Mochamad Ways yeah, it takes a year to produce these :)
ohh it is Long Time
Where did you buy these chemicals? I would like to do it as well
Well, these are not household materials and can be obtained from specialized chemical companies, such as Sigma-Aldrich
chemicum Thanks for your fast answer! You mentioned some materials at 3.58. But I have no idea about the used ratios or about the binding materials you used. Where did you get the information about how to build this?
Could you also build a molten carbonate fuel cell?
The binding materials were just added to make the mixture ueable/rollable - it will be burned out later anyway. Just one example (not the easiest compositon) "To prepare the viscous electrode pastes, terpineol, dispersant (Solsperse 3000),
polyethylene glycol (as a binder) and polyvinyl butyral (as a plasticizer)
were used."
jes.ecsdl.org/content/163/2/F88.short
are this patented? can I sell this to help the industry to reduce the initial cost so you guys have cost effective market share & help advancing the technology for mass consumers
some parts may be patented indeed but I think main patents start to expire soon
How many volts produce from cell
SOFC cells typically give 0.6-0.8 V at optimal power density
How much current produce
Generally (except our low output demonstration) SOFC would give 0.75 V and up to 0.8 A cm-2 at 700 oC, but problem is effective H2 or CH4 gas consumption.
At High tempeture anion and cathode melt
No, these SOFC materials melt only at very high temperatures, > 1600 oC.
Just like a transformer jump the voltage you use a light bulbs gas to create electricity
to get rid of your local parasitic electric grid company, you just need solar cells for summer and SOFC with natural gas for winter.
......... LOL
it is true, they take half price of electricity
WHERE CAN WE BUY THIS !?
Do you mean full SOFC system or lab demonstration kit
SOFC system.
I've been following the technology since 2010, and I haven't been able to find a company offering a residentially used stack !
If you've got any leads or information regarding this, I'd be very grateful to know thanks.
Bloom Energy
do you sell this?
No , I don't sell this SOFC. It is science/educational video sample.
i know but you could use this science to actually make money
1.produce stuff
2. sell it
3.profit ;D
Etanol 🇧🇷 SOFC 🚘 ⚡️
what is the efficiency of the process of electricity production considering the energy used to heat up the cells
it can be 50% electricity and up to 90% electricity+heat
is it more than a dual cycle jet turbine generarot ?
It is higher
Also, gas turbines are huge, fuels cells can be much smaller
what do you think if a 1MW plant of sofc used to run on biogas would cost?
test with gasoline instead of hydrogen or use gasoline vapor
it probably works
@@chemicum www.google.com/amp/s/www.technologyreview.com/2011/12/02/86731/gasoline-fuel-cell-would-boost-electric-car-range/amp/
Is it possible to do electrolysis with gasoline?
Glauber Souza not electolysis, but oxidation in the solid oxide fuel is possible
@@chemicum Is there an example?
Hea video aga vahepeal oli stereo audio sassi läinud ja kuulda oli kas ainult vasakust kõrvast muidu hea ja huvitav video.
See on keerulisem osa, mis läheb ühest kõrvast sisse, teisest välja
test with gasoline instead of hydrogen
Mul läks juba kuulates keel sõlme :D
sain just eestikeelsed subtiitrid ka valmis
@Chemicum Please respond to this comment at your earliest convenience. I'd like to introduce you to a funded partnership opportunity through an energy corporation grant. This grant is focused on developing an SOFC device that combines power from thermovoltaic plates. This matter is urgent.
Use solar for fire
The gas grid is parasitic here
Ellenor Bjornsdottir why
@@chemicum unlike the electric grid which is a crown corp, FortisBC is owned by investors and day traders and their biofuels program is currently not open here in Prince George. BC Hydro only has to turn a small profit to keep running, and the mains light here is 98% renewable.
Methane could be made locally without gas grid using special composting procedures for toilet output and food wastes.
What is your IQ sir?
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Really bad pronunciation.