I was already wondering, Sv "sounded" wrong, but I didn't know the actual unit to be sure. But then again, I won't be surprised when a later project causes Sv's xD
This channel has the right mix of engineering, craftmanship, memes and danger. I arrived here because of the joule-thompson video, but every video I watch is a bigger surprise than the last one. Keep pumping these out, man! And be careful!
I used to work in an industry where we used electrolysis. We used Ruthenium-Iridium coated Titanium electrodes and potted over the electrical connections where the ring connectors were screwed to the plates. For a home-made setup, you could probably just use titanium which is less conductive, but should last longer and keep you from producing chromium salts from the stainless steel.
I like the idea and would be easily available as backpacking cups and pots in convenient shapes and sizes. Switching from Cr to V (and probably Al) contamination will significantly (but not entirely) reduce concerns of toxicity. Still, I'll deal with V+4 over Cr+6 any day of the week. Anyone with better chemistry knowledge than this home educated guy, with no credentials, from memory, please point out my errors.
I said the same thing before I saw your comment. I hope he sees our comments and any others and adjust his process accordingly. Have a wonderful everything!
Titanium oxidizes quickly to titanium dioxide which is non-conductive and firmly adheres, so the electrolysis would come to a stop. That's why its coated. Carbon works, but tends to crumble. Nickel works well.
My Dad made something similar using a 55 gallon drum and a smaller plastic drum, the outer electrode was the steel drum and the inner electrode was stainless that was inside the plastic drum. Power source was a self excited alternator on a homemade wind turbine. He had no use for the H2, but just liked tinkering around. Dude had his issues, but there are parts of him that I miss being around. Thanks for the trigger to an old memory
I really appreciate how you explained the math out loud instead of just showing it on the screen. Really makes it a lot easier for your blind viewers. Thanks! And great project! I heard about a guy who was using solar power to split hydrogen from water, fill tanks, and then use a hydrogen powered generator to run his home off grid, or at least partially off grid. I thought that was a really clever idea, especially if there was some more convenient way to do the hydrolysis. I also like the whole weather balloon thing.
I think it will always be more efficient to store the electricity (in batteries) and skip a another set of conversion steps that introduce inefficiencies.
Have you tried sticking plastic parts together with friction welding? My favorite way to stick 3d printed parts together is to put a piece of filament in the chuck of a dremel, turn it on, and trace slowly over the seams with it. The friction gently melts the filament into the seams, forming a super strong bond. Unlike a soldering iron, the dremel actually deposits fresh plastic, rather than just melting the plastic that's already there, and it causes a lot less damage to the printed surfaces. Also, the result looks just like welded metal, which is super cool.
The relationship between voltage, current, efficiency, and time in electrochemistry is insanely complicated. I took some graduate-level courses on it and would be happy to share some of that if you want to pursue it further. The relationship between current and heating is not monotonic, but depends strongly on efficiency, which you can increase with stirring or agitation to move fluid between the electrodes. Might be tricky to do this without moving gas bubbles around, but it makes a world of different. Also consider using carbon fiber weave as a high-surface area anode that doesn't put chromium into solution. And you can nickel-plate carbon fiber for a more efficient cathode.
How well does the carbon fiber weave hold up over time? I once used a piece of pencil graphite and it dissolved in a half hour or less. Not sure how much energy was being pushed through it though, I used tap water without mixing a solution (this was several years ago, I wasn't very knowledgable at all about this at the time)
@@awesomecronk7183 Carbon fiber holds up much better than pencil graphite, except in really corrosive/oxidizing environments (ie, making sodium metal from lye electrolysis). In those cases, the much higher specific surface area of the fiber works against it. Also using tap water instead of a concentrated electrolyte solution would require higher overvoltages for a given current, which put more stress on the electrodes.
@@awesomecronk7183 Pencil graphite is usually mixed with clay to produce the different lead hardnesses. I'm guessing that also played a role in your electrode disintegrating quickly and probably also having poor efficiency. Graphite rods from heavy duty zinc-carbon batteries work well!
Apparently I was half-asleep when I was recording the audio for this video and mixed up Sieverts and Siemens. Also, for those wondering, Part III of the Joule-Thomson cryocooler series is in the works and should be the next video.
Dear HyperspacePirate, Many many thanks for these hi-ranked technical videos, it seems useful to support you, maybe with a Discord fan server; some tip-n-tricks exists with easier hydrogen storage as a gas; via magnesium or titanium hydrides, maybe lodging a "cold trap" for catching mist and moisture prior to any storage could be a part of cascade devices; enhancing the recovery of liquid water from time to time. Many many thanks also for giving us ideas and know-how; maybe you will have to enhance your brazings, weldings, making apparatuses from stainless steel pipes with spinning forming lathes... maybe making/modify some Dewar devices. Nitrogen is mandatory for protecting austenitic stainless steels; especially when heated, it's better than argon : nitrogen helps the austenite to exist at ambient or cryogenic temperatures. But nitrogen cannot be used for electric welding, because of tungsten ability to react forming tungsten nitrides. Which gives crumbling ceramic and a powerful electric isolant, thus forbidding welding via electricity. So it's better to apply nitrogen inside stainless steel vessels, and very pure argon outside. Only some parts per million of other gases are allowed; as pollutants, that will volor stainless steel on a proportional scale. The more colorful, the worse it is; as titanium welding charts also. Maybe you could make a "call of help" about the minimum quality of vacuum needed to ensure thermal insulation, between two stainless steel parts, it could be VERY useful. Looking for at least 10^-4 bar of residual pressure ? With a small CNC lathe it seems possible to obtain corrugated/ondulated stainless steel pipe from common thermos flasks; making tools and dies for embossing stainless steel; then ensuring brazing without silver, without tin, just copper+phosphorus with pure argon protective atmosphère, modern IGBT transistors can help for induction-assisted brazing copper on stainless steel, using Wood's nickel dichloride and muriatic acid melange for activating stainless steel (via few atomic layer deposited of nickel onto stainless steel), prior to copper coating/brazing, with wand brush electroless déposition technique. Warning : all salts and nickel compounds are also proven carcinogens. Please consider the usefulness of chinese little oxygen concentrators : they provide almost pure oxygen at 95% purity, enhancing argon concentration (close to 95%, nature availability is 0,93%) and reject ...nitrogen at very interesting concentrations; at 7 liters/hour for a ~$300 unit... that could be an advanced tinkering idea for making LN2, and also welding activities via enriched argon which is easier to liquefy at atmospheric pressures.. These units are using mobile piston and cylinder made of pure copper, which allows oil-free compressors to work with almost pure oxygen without instant burst/wild combustion. Best regards from a crumbling France.
And always remember : NEVER place on stainless steel a solution containing chlorure ions, at 50 ppm they allows a terrible autocatalytic corrosion phenomenon, the pitting corrosion which is impossible to stop. Molybdenum addition can provide enhanced pitting resistance (called PREN score, Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number). Always keep away from halogens when using stainless steels, the proximity of beaches / maritime climate can be an issue. Muriatic acid and chlorides should stay WELL away from your systems; they can attack even bronze alloys, on a irreversible manner. Wishing you the very best, maybe you will send us meme-painted balloons ^^' Always remember to protect stainless steel areas with vinyl tape, rinsing Wood's nickel reactant just after activation. Hope this will help to apply completely airtight/vacuum-grade assemblies.
Like 95-99% of this went completely over my head but I appreciate how you also talk about potential risks and how to mitigate and safety dispose of stuff
Just FYI, a flyback diode and maybe a 100n snubber cap (like a ceramic capacitor), across the pump motor might help to reduce interference/electrical noise and might also keep the MOSFET alive in the long run. Very cool project, I've been wanting to build a similar setup for RC ballooning for a while :)
This is one great video HP. One thing I have to touch base with you Sir on voltage used for electrolysis. My college professor stated the best voltage for the process is supposedly 16 to 18 volts. Since that was years ago I do not remember the other factors he stated. I have experimented with electrolysis, and the best way to pass voltage through the cell is to use a pulse width modulator to control the heating process of the cells solution. When using just straight DC current the heating part gets out of hand. You just end up heating the solution which slows down the reaction of gasmaking. One last thing I noticed with my HHO cell. I wanted to get rid of the frothing and misting above the fluid part of the cell. Came up with using an ultrasound transducer to keep the bubbles from insulating the fluid contact of the plates. This worked just excellent fella. Hope that helps you out in the future work with your ideas fella. Good day Sir too. vf
It might work to pump the hydrogen into a gasometer in the first stage (where any stray liquid coming through should fall into the water at the bottom of the gasometer) instead of a balloon/beach ball, and then have the drying chamber between the gasometer and compressor to remove any moisture gained from the gasometer before long-term storage. Should be much easier to automate than a balloon since you can just sense the height of the gasometer.
A more efficient way to go about it would be to make a refrigerated gas drier. He has a ton of various pieces/ parts of refrigeration equipment and seems to be quite handy with constructing devices with those parts. He could copy a similar unit that’s been around for a while in heavy commercial/ industrial settings called a compressed air drier. It basically has a refrigerated heat exchanger that possibly is as simple as a coax heat exchanger design that are used in swimming pool heat pumps or a “water source” heat pump (heat pump AC unit with a water cooled condenser coil. Have the harvested/ produced gas crossflow over a cold plate or through a refrigerated tube that has the collected moisture dump into some sort of catch can. There may be some way of bubbling the dried hydrogen through an oil bath as a final dry stage that hopefully doesnt change or compromise the purity/ create a dangerous compound. If it could be done safely and be inert to the hydrogen, the moisture would stay at the bottom of the oil bath and be pulled out of the dried hydrogen as it passes along to the collection ballon. The trapped water layer could be released through a tube that’s in the water and out to the atmosphere using a solenoid valve and some of his homemade level control pins and a simple timer. With refrigeration units we sometimes need a delay on make type or a delay on break type of timer. They’re available in a fully adjustable version where the time delay is set with a large dip switch bank. Anyway, some or all of that I just said may be over complicating things but the basics of using a refrigerated air (or hydrogen) drier would speed up or make the process more efficient and make a higher purity.
I saw another youtuber paint a non conductive surface with a carbon paint after which he electroplated it with metal. It gave me the long alas idea of finally how to make a very cheap platinum electrode. Using that method the electrod could even be "painted" onto the body of the electrolysis, saving room or extra parts.
I built a 3kw hho torch a few years ago. I had a lot of trouble with the stainless steel anodes oxidizing (probably because I was using a much higher current and voltage to get a higher instantaneous production). If you are looking for a better material for the anode, I recommend nickel. It works really well in basic conditions. I replaced the stainless steel anodes in my system with nickel plated mild steel, and they work great, although figuring out nickel plating was a project by itself.
Ive thought about doing this with 2 stainless steel "test tubes" upturned in a KOH solution, and painted or powder coated on the outside, that way when one of both of the tubes fill with gas, the circuit is broken and the electrolysis will stop. The current could also be measured to determine when the tubes are full. Ideally, the paint would go slightly inside the end of the tube to prevent bubbling out. ideally, both the hydrogen and oxygen could be collected. Cool project, thanks for sharing.
In the past I needed a supply of hydrogen on tap and looked towards electrolysis to provide it. For the `membrane` I used a large (10inch) ceramic (red) plant pot and the electrodes were 316 grade stainless cones, one on the inside, one on the outside. Neg electrode was on the inside, h2 came out of the plant pot hole. The plant pot being totally submerged, saturated with electrolyte, allowed transfer of ions, but disallowed migration of gases. The gas (h2) was collected in much the same way as your system, with a pump to empty the collecting jar. Doing things this way mean a lot smaller distance between electrodes, hence much lower resistance. The h2 purity was more than good enough for my purposes, (shielding gas for making vacuum tube cathodes) I hope this helps. This was the only way I found to get the resistance low enough for acceptable performance with everyday materials. Chris, UK.
One of my absolutely favorite channels. I tried doing the Aluminum reaction too. Never got as far as doing electrolysis. This is really amazing. Looking forward to the continuation of the Joule-Thompson cooler as well. Go get some heavy gauge wire for your current wires, and stay away from any Sieverts!
Nice! For an even more interesting system: add solar panels to generate the electricity needed for the electrolysis and a fuel cell (or a hydrogen run generator) to revert the collected hydrogen back to electricity.
I know this is all in the name of science but if he does, he should compare the cost of electrólisis plus everything else of Jules produced to the cost of directly generating those Jules with solar panels and store them in a battery.
I believe he was trying to avoid a potential reaction with the acid solution he was using. Silicone sealants are pretty inert to most things once cured but the plastic welding is probably the best way besides creating it out of one piece
Dude you’ve got the makings of a popular product there. If excess solar power could be used to run this gas generator/ storage apparatus then on rainy days the stored hydrogen could be used to run a generator to recharge an off grid battery bank. I recommend you keep improving this apparatus. Totally awesome
i would imagine that the losses from converting the electrical energy to chemical and then back would be greater than just storing the solar energy in a battery; not to mention the increased mess, hassle, and danger of electrolysis
Enjoyed your video, well put together. I started playing with H-O-H when I was in college during the early 60's. After trying several metals for electrodes, I settled for titanium... longest life and least polluting. (I was told I couldn't use titanium as electrodes, but proved people wrong) Built my own signal generators and circulated the electrolyte through a radiator in order control the temp, although I was not aggressive with the electrolyte. The anodes and cathodes were in separate but connected chambers of the hydrolizer, therefore had no problems keeping the oxygen and hydrogen separated. In addition, I used a pulsating electromagnetic flux to aid in the reduction of the molecular attraction of the electrolyte. I was able to generate enough hydrogen to provide 75% of the fuel needs of a golf cart. Congratulations and I wish you success!
As a soon to be engineer im amazed at how much you know about not only what you need but also what pitfalls there are, proper practice, hazards and a general understanding of almost all of what you use. Whats your background and do you do research on the stuff beforehand or where did you learn what you know nowadays? It seems very effortless
This guy sometimes even teases us with us wanting an efficient solution or method.. while he builds the very poor design thing. Only to improve the thing tenfold in the follow up.
One thing could help in two ways is use of a thermostat to cycle the electrolysis off when temp. is above a set level. This would keep it in a more efficient range and keep evaporation down, less to remove. Though this might increase the time to make x volume, it might be worth a longer run if time isn't real critical.
As a kid, we used to make hydrogen, and fill garbage bags with it. Then, we'd tie long strips of paper or fuse with a firecracker, light them, and let them go. They'd go WAY up in the air, then burst into a huge fireball. It was awesome, especially at night!
Heck yah, been waiting for an update! Love this backyard garage science series. Been interested in cryo-cooling since talking with a presenter at defcon 30. Keep up the great work, and thanks for sharing your trials and tribulations.
The embrittlement acts on a whole lot of materials, big reason why hydrogen is still not used often for transport, but it will also affect your abs, its not only the natriumhydroxide. Great vid!
Hexchrome is most dangerous as an inhalant, so when allowing the water to evaporate do not let the residue become completely dry, dispose of it as a slury and wear a n95 during handing. :)
I am speechless. Never have i seen such a Neat and functional H-Generator, in a DIY kind of way. It is such a Entertaining and informative video that my only real criticism are the Sievert(sv) and Simens(s) mistake. If i ever want to make an H-Generator, i will shamelessly copy your design. Have a Nice day and make great videos however long they take.
This series has been my favorite on RUclips in a long time. If you ever get to liquid helium in your garage, I’d be just as impressed as when I saw Ben from applied science make his SEM in his.
Be careful recovering the hydrogen from the balloon, due different gas concentrations there might be an osmotic difference great enough that could make air diffuse into the balloon increasing oxygen levels. All depends about the gas permeability of the balloon and the time but still be careful.
My dad gave me a latex balloon with hydrogen to me when I was a kid. Obviously I set fire to it when it wasn't lighter than air anymore, as you do, and I got a surprisingly loud and distinct bang, with distinct "waves" of echoes.
@@kaerajpeterayes most materials like plastics and rubbers are permeable. That’s why helium balloons start to lose their shape after awhile and sink. A simple rubber hose really can’t be used long term for refrigerants as the molecules will leak out, more so as the hose material ages due to heat and exposure.
Have done that chemically several decades back(water,anhydrous calcium carbonate(lime), sodium bicarbonate(baking soda),aluminum foils from discarded pill packs). Utilized an unused grandpa's urinal collector bag(since it had a one way valve) to accumulate and dispense to balloons. Giving away those to excited little children was the real fun😊❤👍
The chemistry of a Nafion/PEM style electrolysis cell is completely different. It involves the doping of the polymer membrane with superacid terminations to allow H+ currents to flow freely through the membranes, instead of electron currents running the other way. Thats why they don't use a solution with ions present, they actually use 18 MOhm pure water. Either way, they are expensive, but super convenient/compact/lightweight/etc. I have one that I use to feed hydrogenation reactions.
Very nice made video. 1 thing tho: - don't compress hydrogen if you are in doubt of the purity. Very small amounts of oxygen present in compressed hydrogen can lead to spontanous ignition aka. an explosion.
I love your work man, always really cool detailed projects with ever increasing quality. I have some suggestions for possible improvements that you may or may not have considered. Temperature sensor in the cell to avoid thermal runaway or to simply remain under a set temp. You could also use a simple optimization algorithm to balance power input and temperature. A humidity sensor on the output of the dryer bottle to halt the system and alert you when you need to replace your silica beads. A flow sensor to log output, though you could just calibrate your vessel and count each time you evacuate it. My most expensive idea is a radiator to exhaust heat, it would be hard to get the right parts for that though. Actually, a coiled stainless pipe could act as either your anode or cathode and you can run your coolant through it. Two birds with one stone on that one. Anyway, keep up the great work! Can't wait to see what you build next
For safety maybe include an inline oxygen absorber. There are iron-based scavenger packets designed for the purpose but hand warmers work too. Alternatively, a bit of platinum would catalytically form water and have the benefit of not needing replacement over time. Probably set this up before your silica trap.
0:35 Take that clip of the mini HHO tank out of there! That's not how the little torches operate. NEVER contain or pressurize ant HHO gas. That little tank would be a grenade. You have to have flash back protectors in-between the source of HHO and you have to use all of what's being produced as is being produced. Trust me. I filled a huge balloon through a 200 foot hose and when it was full I took a lighter and lit it in front of the hose and removed my thumb and BOOM!!!!! Instant. The fire traveled through the hose like det, cord. Amazing stuff. Dangerous as hell!
I've thought it would be really interesting to build up an open-source catalog of this sort of projects for different sorts of small scale processes. Combine this with a nitrogen purification cell and an electrically driven Haber-Bosch or Frank-Car cell (along with the needed cells to recycle the other feed stocks) and you could turn surplus solar power into Ammonia which is an important fertilizer (and if you don't want to store that, a Bosch-Meiser cell can make urea which is also a fertilizer). Another interesting option would be Methanol synthesis (which would likely require a CO2 sequestration cell) as a reasonably storable and high energy chemical fuel.
@@lelagrangeeffectphysics4120 most of what I'm thinking of would likely work better in a different format than RUclips. Wikis and cad files for example. But I agree; sadly the difference between making the world a better place chemistry and arms design is often little more than what you plan to do with it. 😕
@@benjaminshropshire2900 Teaching people how to make their own arms is a part of the right to bear arms, it shouldn't even be a question that disseminating this information is legal, even *if* the intent is arms design and not "making the world a better place" (some argue those are the same thing). Unfortunately, the modern US government likes to use the Constitution as toilet paper. Disband the BATFE!
If I were to make a guess I would say that your trying to produce a devise that could freeze liquid hydrogen for transportation safety. (HHO generator/chryocooler) but that's just a guess. Your a smart man and I enjoy your videos. Good narrating voice, not condescending at all. I like that part allot. I'm subscribed and impressed. Thank you for sharing your education and experience 🙂
Hoping that bubbles will release from Conductors and float upward, is way too slow for efficient production of Browns Gas. A simple solution is to use a Twin 10" Water Filter Housing from any Hardware Store, with 2 x Extruded Carbon Filters (preferably Silver Impregnated), which have wires attached with conductive Glue, and connected to a 30kHz PWM driver circuit. The Electrolyte is pumped through the Filters using a brushless DC water Pump, into a recovery chamber where gases can be extracted under vacuum, before the electrolyte is circulated through the filters continuously. The average surface area of a 10" Water Filter is approx 4000 square meters, which allows electrolyte to remain in constant contact with the conductive carbon filters, and the flow created by the brushless DC Pump ensures that any gases are constantly being removed. A brushless DC vacuum pump is not essential, but will improve the efficiency of the entire system and accelerate gas recovery from electrolyte returning to recovery chamber.
@@delawarecopcan you create a simple show case video or album? I'm curious about it but have a hard time imagining it from a comment and I also would love to know if you have a working prototype :)
@@natheyshiro4119 - I did a working prototype in 2006 in my garage, ut that was 2 houses ago. I do have components here to build another, but am tied up with other projects atm. You don't need to visualize it, just get a stock photo of a twin water filter housing, a brushless DC water pump, and a clear plastic container sitting beside it as the storage for water electrolyte, with enough space above the water level as gas recovery - and you have the basic principle.
Industry minimum V is around 1.43v. I think they are also using that voltage as the baseline for efficiency calcs. The promising workaround for zero gap sans Nafion, etc., is PES (polyethersulfone) filtration membranes and probably nickel foam electrodes sandwiched between bipolar plates of Ti, with a goal of around 2v and below. That def wont look nearly as cool, however 😁
Just a heads up with silica gel, it will remove a lot of moisture but not all of it. If you want to remove all of you'll need to use some 3A molecular sieves in a second bottle, or P2O5 chamber, or bubble through 98% sulfuric, or use a cryogenic cooler to condense it all.
Hyperspace Pirate, thank you for such a thorough yet succinct and well-reasoned presentation! If only All technical project presentations were this well done!!
Brilliant work. Research, followed by testing, design, and the building of the rig. I thoroughly enjoyed watching your video. As regards hydrogen embrittlement that you mentioned, this is a very real problem. So much so, that the power station where I spent most of my career had to instal a hydrogen generation plant (using methanol feedstock) to provide hydrogen for alternator cooling instead of the racks of steel cylinders that were formerly used. It can also lead to weld failure if welding rods are not adequately dried before use. With some welds that I examined, I did not even have to get my test equipment connected- I could see the cracks!
Something you might be able to use as a permeable membrane is expanded PTFE. It is porous, so will have no problem letting electrolyte through, but I think it would stop any gas bubbles from migrating. Might be a lot cheaper than the stuff the professionals use.
I am trying to make a similar generator for a school project and trying to predict the amount of gas that I could theoretically get from it, however the link to the aqueous solution conductivity chart doesn't work and I just get a 404 error. Do you have an alternative link to it or a pdf?
Well, when i was on my hydrogen kick i was trying to use it as a fuel to replace a need for an acetylene torch. And potentially even burn a steel furnace with it. I did a stacked cell and was making hydroxy gas (trying for an on demand system). While i now can afford acetylene whats really preventing me from working on this is my hydroxy cell blew up. I was unharmed (thank god for the foresight to put up a blast barrier) but very rattled from the experience. All that said im extremely impressed by your setup. Edit: i forgot to mention oxyhydride gas is used in glass crafts as it doesn't leave soot like other gasses.
Pretty cool experiment. :) I'd like to point out it is essential to FULLY separate the hydrogen from the oxygen before compressing. Thanks for pointing out the dangerous residue that will eventually be left. Hexavalent Chromium is a serious health hazard.
BRO I've been wondering about the membrane issue FOREVER and I was like "how do people do this at home with these expensive glass membranes and stuff"? Now I know, thank you
I read the work of a Japanese doctor of physics who thoroughly researched the electrolysis of water. He used rectangular platinum electrodes and ground them on both diagonals on both sides to obtain micropyramidal surfaces from which the bubbles are easily separated and increase the effect of electrolysis... Nowhere have I found anyone using additional ultrasonic vibrations to help separate the bubbles from the electrodes!?
Use acetone to weld ABS parts together. Also its glass transition temperature is around 105C (221F) and it should survive boiling water, (though not forever as the heat deflection temp is around 98C) so you shouldn't need to worry about that.
I was honestly just wondering how to make hydrogen at home! After playing Dyson Sphere Program, I thought the method of hydrogen production was a translation error, then dug into it more. I'll have to try this setup!
Welder here: About your hydrogen embrittlement problem, I feel like it wouldnt be a problem for anything other than super long term storage. I dont know the leech rate of it, but its something I have to worry about as a welder, though not commonly. Hydrogen uptake happens fairly quickly when youre welding, regardless of process, but thats primairly because youre dealing with molten steel in the pool, and electrolysis from the arc is the main actor that frees that hydrogen up. Spatter spray is the number one source of that water in a production environment as it is intentionally sprayed over basemetal.
When I was 14 I used an upside down two liter bottle, some tubing, a trickle charger and some graphite from a pencil to “distill” hydrogen. I also was inspired by my dogs’ auto filling water bowl. Took me half a day to collect a liter and came home from school to find my stepfather had thrown away my build. It’s always cool seeing similar concepts being explored by different people who had no prior knowledge of the others work. To me it shows we are all connected by God, especially when the inspiration is the same.
Your work is amazing! This is just a "peer review" of your work, but again, your work is very impressive, please keep posting these! The area is not 100cm but 100cm^2 at 9:09. It was also unclear how distance of the electrodes affect the conductivity in the electrolyte - distance *does* matter. The NaOH vapor is also an issue, contaminating your H2. Bubbling though just water from a sponge on the bottom (like an aquarium bubbler) would clean most of it. I think it's worth pointing out your tank is losing H2. H2 is almost impossible to contain in anything, it's leaks through solid materials. Lastly, use graphite rods rather than steel to avoid any contamination and toxic wastes.
I helped someone make one once. it used 12V-14V and targeted 2V per cell. So it had a plate and then several isolated floating plates before the next powered plate. This meant that it was like having several units in series.
I know many will say "did you see the Bob Lazar hydrogen video"??? At least you showed a bit more detail in how to build your table edition, besides the electronics to most, easy to follow. Nice vid.
Well explained and easy to rebuilt. If you use Nickel instead of stainless steel and a Potassium Hydroxid solution up to 35% concentration, it will work even better. Hydrogen embrittlement is not as dramatic, as you sketched it in the video. Think of a standard storage bottle for hydrogen as you can buy it from your local provider. It's a standard steel bottle 50l at 200bar with a wall thickness of 2cm. If the embrittlement is really as dramatic, they wouldn't sell hydrogen in this bottles.
Thanks for sharing this project. I like that you included a lot of the theory of operation and also the idea of re-packaging the power supply circuitry inside printed parts to make everything uniform was clever. really nice looking printed parts and visual humor. good video
Very interesting project! I've done some HHO generators when I was hellbent on building a miniature high temperature torch. BTW, Sievert is a unit of ionizing radiation - in Europe we use Siemens for conductivity.
Oh boy! It's a video from refrigerator-man! I freaking love those :) today's a good day, i can listen to it while working, not understand ANYTHING, and rewatch it again while eating, again, not understanding a thing, then watch it while having tea later, then i will understand it xD
An excellent project video, thank-you. One tip might be to watch some James Condon videos where he repairs small engined items: generators and the like. His methos is to talk much more slowly and include all of the American exclamatory highlights that you use too. I'll share this nice video to my 'Chemistry: What, Why, How' channel: one where I try to help people have experiences that try to help everyone understand how The Great Big Chemistry Set, called The Universe!, works. The first experience is to add Caustic Soda to water. The second is to add Washing Soda to water. The bonus for the first experience is to add aluminium foil to the Caustic Soda solution which, using plasticine, a silicone straw, a cleaned-out herb jar and some dilute detergent solution gives the nice, calm hyrogen-ignition flames that you show. Again, many thanks!
I know how to neutralize hexavalent chromium, and I have a hexavalent testing lab that will verify what I did does work. What I did was so elementary. I can not believe people who went to college could not figure this out. The materials can be picked up at any hardware store to do this neutralizing of hexavalent chromium, and it can be used over and over.
Things like this are one half of oxygen generation and recycling on ISS. First, water is split into oxygen (which is used to breathe) and hydrogen. Then, hydrogen is combined with CO2 (scrubbed from air) in Sabatier reaction which produces methane and water again. Methane then discarded in space (although it can be recycled further, pyrolithically split into carbon and hydrogen again) and water again fed into electrolytic machine to produce oxygen. It's almost a complete cycle, a little synthetic biosphere. Amazing stuff.
The increased voltage that you had to use to observe the gas generation at 7:23, is actually a known as Overpotential in electrochemistry, and it is a kinetic effect, which can be explained using diffusion effects and a few others. As a rule of thumb for water electrolysis it is actually around 0.6V which matches the effect you observed.
A small mistake i caught. Sievert (Sv) is the unit of radiation exposure risk. What you meant would be Siemens (S) which is the unit of conductance.
I was already wondering, Sv "sounded" wrong, but I didn't know the actual unit to be sure.
But then again, I won't be surprised when a later project causes Sv's xD
Can also use "mho"
yes i also use semens as a unit of conductance
yup
Okay, good I thought I was going crazy for a second there lmao, had to bust out the good old wolfram alfa
This channel has the right mix of engineering, craftmanship, memes and danger. I arrived here because of the joule-thompson video, but every video I watch is a bigger surprise than the last one. Keep pumping these out, man! And be careful!
The implementation of memes is on point
Bro has made the machine! 😂
I build these too. Anyone that wants to stop me better be careful. We are very strapped in Oklahoma. They tread very very lightly around here.
I used to work in an industry where we used electrolysis. We used Ruthenium-Iridium coated Titanium electrodes and potted over the electrical connections where the ring connectors were screwed to the plates. For a home-made setup, you could probably just use titanium which is less conductive, but should last longer and keep you from producing chromium salts from the stainless steel.
I like the idea and would be easily available as backpacking cups and pots in convenient shapes and sizes. Switching from Cr to V (and probably Al) contamination will significantly (but not entirely) reduce concerns of toxicity. Still, I'll deal with V+4 over Cr+6 any day of the week.
Anyone with better chemistry knowledge than this home educated guy, with no credentials, from memory, please point out my errors.
What about carbon rods? Easy to get from zinc/carbon batteries too.
I said the same thing before I saw your comment. I hope he sees our comments and any others and adjust his process accordingly. Have a wonderful everything!
Titanium oxidizes quickly to titanium dioxide which is non-conductive and firmly adheres, so the electrolysis would come to a stop. That's why its coated. Carbon works, but tends to crumble. Nickel works well.
@@iBlue0riginal people say that chrome-free stainless steel also works well. Or plain carbon steel as a cheapo expendable solution.
My Dad made something similar using a 55 gallon drum and a smaller plastic drum, the outer electrode was the steel drum and the inner electrode was stainless that was inside the plastic drum. Power source was a self excited alternator on a homemade wind turbine. He had no use for the H2, but just liked tinkering around. Dude had his issues, but there are parts of him that I miss being around. Thanks for the trigger to an old memory
I love how this is all on one plate. Engineering isn't just about what but also how.
I've only seen a few hydrogen generator diy builds, but this is definitely the best output to size ratio I've seen so far! Very cool
I really appreciate how you explained the math out loud instead of just showing it on the screen. Really makes it a lot easier for your blind viewers. Thanks! And great project!
I heard about a guy who was using solar power to split hydrogen from water, fill tanks, and then use a hydrogen powered generator to run his home off grid, or at least partially off grid. I thought that was a really clever idea, especially if there was some more convenient way to do the hydrolysis. I also like the whole weather balloon thing.
I think it will always be more efficient to store the electricity (in batteries) and skip a another set of conversion steps that introduce inefficiencies.
@@pyroandy3128 I imagine they are producing hydrogen for winter
Blind listeners
Have you tried sticking plastic parts together with friction welding? My favorite way to stick 3d printed parts together is to put a piece of filament in the chuck of a dremel, turn it on, and trace slowly over the seams with it. The friction gently melts the filament into the seams, forming a super strong bond. Unlike a soldering iron, the dremel actually deposits fresh plastic, rather than just melting the plastic that's already there, and it causes a lot less damage to the printed surfaces. Also, the result looks just like welded metal, which is super cool.
need to try that! Thanks for the idea
Pretty cool
The relationship between voltage, current, efficiency, and time in electrochemistry is insanely complicated. I took some graduate-level courses on it and would be happy to share some of that if you want to pursue it further. The relationship between current and heating is not monotonic, but depends strongly on efficiency, which you can increase with stirring or agitation to move fluid between the electrodes. Might be tricky to do this without moving gas bubbles around, but it makes a world of different. Also consider using carbon fiber weave as a high-surface area anode that doesn't put chromium into solution. And you can nickel-plate carbon fiber for a more efficient cathode.
How well does the carbon fiber weave hold up over time? I once used a piece of pencil graphite and it dissolved in a half hour or less. Not sure how much energy was being pushed through it though, I used tap water without mixing a solution (this was several years ago, I wasn't very knowledgable at all about this at the time)
@@awesomecronk7183 Carbon fiber holds up much better than pencil graphite, except in really corrosive/oxidizing environments (ie, making sodium metal from lye electrolysis). In those cases, the much higher specific surface area of the fiber works against it.
Also using tap water instead of a concentrated electrolyte solution would require higher overvoltages for a given current, which put more stress on the electrodes.
@@Nuovoswiss Good to know, thank you
@@awesomecronk7183
Pencil graphite is usually mixed with clay to produce the different lead hardnesses. I'm guessing that also played a role in your electrode disintegrating quickly and probably also having poor efficiency.
Graphite rods from heavy duty zinc-carbon batteries work well!
@@N.M.E. egg xact lie.
Carbon felt works ok as well I think.
The first ever youtube channel that does calculation to optimize experiments
Apparently I was half-asleep when I was recording the audio for this video and mixed up Sieverts and Siemens.
Also, for those wondering, Part III of the Joule-Thomson cryocooler series is in the works and should be the next video.
You should have seen me frantically googling to make sure I wasn't the one half-asleep! 😂
Dude… can we have… plans?
Dear HyperspacePirate,
Many many thanks for these hi-ranked technical videos, it seems useful to support you, maybe with a Discord fan server; some tip-n-tricks exists with easier hydrogen storage as a gas; via magnesium or titanium hydrides, maybe lodging a "cold trap" for catching mist and moisture prior to any storage could be a part of cascade devices; enhancing the recovery of liquid water from time to time.
Many many thanks also for giving us ideas and know-how; maybe you will have to enhance your brazings, weldings, making apparatuses from stainless steel pipes with spinning forming lathes... maybe making/modify some Dewar devices.
Nitrogen is mandatory for protecting austenitic stainless steels; especially when heated, it's better than argon : nitrogen helps the austenite to exist at ambient or cryogenic temperatures. But nitrogen cannot be used for electric welding, because of tungsten ability to react forming tungsten nitrides. Which gives crumbling ceramic and a powerful electric isolant, thus forbidding welding via electricity.
So it's better to apply nitrogen inside stainless steel vessels, and very pure argon outside.
Only some parts per million of other gases are allowed; as pollutants, that will volor stainless steel on a proportional scale. The more colorful, the worse it is; as titanium welding charts also.
Maybe you could make a "call of help" about the minimum quality of vacuum needed to ensure thermal insulation, between two stainless steel parts, it could be VERY useful.
Looking for at least 10^-4 bar of residual pressure ?
With a small CNC lathe it seems possible to obtain corrugated/ondulated stainless steel pipe from common thermos flasks; making tools and dies for embossing stainless steel; then ensuring brazing without silver, without tin, just copper+phosphorus with pure argon protective atmosphère, modern IGBT transistors can help for induction-assisted brazing copper on stainless steel, using Wood's nickel dichloride and muriatic acid melange for activating stainless steel (via few atomic layer deposited of nickel onto stainless steel), prior to copper coating/brazing, with wand brush electroless déposition technique.
Warning : all salts and nickel compounds are also proven carcinogens.
Please consider the usefulness of chinese little oxygen concentrators : they provide almost pure oxygen at 95% purity, enhancing argon concentration (close to 95%, nature availability is 0,93%) and reject ...nitrogen at very interesting concentrations; at 7 liters/hour for a ~$300 unit... that could be an advanced tinkering idea for making LN2, and also welding activities via enriched argon which is easier to liquefy at atmospheric pressures..
These units are using mobile piston and cylinder made of pure copper, which allows oil-free compressors to work with almost pure oxygen without instant burst/wild combustion.
Best regards from a crumbling France.
And always remember : NEVER place on stainless steel a solution containing chlorure ions, at 50 ppm they allows a terrible autocatalytic corrosion phenomenon, the pitting corrosion which is impossible to stop.
Molybdenum addition can provide enhanced pitting resistance (called PREN score, Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number).
Always keep away from halogens when using stainless steels, the proximity of beaches / maritime climate can be an issue.
Muriatic acid and chlorides should stay WELL away from your systems; they can attack even bronze alloys, on a irreversible manner.
Wishing you the very best, maybe you will send us meme-painted balloons ^^'
Always remember to protect stainless steel areas with vinyl tape, rinsing Wood's nickel reactant just after activation. Hope this will help to apply completely airtight/vacuum-grade assemblies.
This comment should be pinned, so people can stop mentioning the Sievert thing.
Like 95-99% of this went completely over my head but I appreciate how you also talk about potential risks and how to mitigate and safety dispose of stuff
Just FYI, a flyback diode and maybe a 100n snubber cap (like a ceramic capacitor), across the pump motor might help to reduce interference/electrical noise and might also keep the MOSFET alive in the long run.
Very cool project, I've been wanting to build a similar setup for RC ballooning for a while :)
RC… ballooning? Interesting.
Build a rigid zeppelin!
This is one great video HP. One thing I have to touch base with you Sir on voltage used for electrolysis. My college professor stated the best voltage for the process is supposedly 16 to 18 volts. Since that was years ago I do not remember the other factors he stated.
I have experimented with electrolysis, and the best way to pass voltage through the cell is to use a pulse width modulator to control the heating process of the cells solution. When using just straight DC current the heating part gets out of hand. You just end up heating the solution which slows down the reaction of gasmaking.
One last thing I noticed with my HHO cell. I wanted to get rid of the frothing and misting above the fluid part of the cell. Came up with using an ultrasound transducer to keep the bubbles from insulating the fluid contact of the plates. This worked just excellent fella. Hope that helps you out in the future work with your ideas fella.
Good day Sir too. vf
It might work to pump the hydrogen into a gasometer in the first stage (where any stray liquid coming through should fall into the water at the bottom of the gasometer) instead of a balloon/beach ball, and then have the drying chamber between the gasometer and compressor to remove any moisture gained from the gasometer before long-term storage. Should be much easier to automate than a balloon since you can just sense the height of the gasometer.
Good idea. NightHawkInLight made one out of chimney pipe- ruclips.net/video/5hfznunVzKY/видео.html
A more efficient way to go about it would be to make a refrigerated gas drier. He has a ton of various pieces/ parts of refrigeration equipment and seems to be quite handy with constructing devices with those parts. He could copy a similar unit that’s been around for a while in heavy commercial/ industrial settings called a compressed air drier.
It basically has a refrigerated heat exchanger that possibly is as simple as a coax heat exchanger design that are used in swimming pool heat pumps or a “water source” heat pump (heat pump AC unit with a water cooled condenser coil.
Have the harvested/ produced gas crossflow over a cold plate or through a refrigerated tube that has the collected moisture dump into some sort of catch can.
There may be some way of bubbling the dried hydrogen through an oil bath as a final dry stage that hopefully doesnt change or compromise the purity/ create a dangerous compound. If it could be done safely and be inert to the hydrogen, the moisture would stay at the bottom of the oil bath and be pulled out of the dried hydrogen as it passes along to the collection ballon. The trapped water layer could be released through a tube that’s in the water and out to the atmosphere using a solenoid valve and some of his homemade level control pins and a simple timer.
With refrigeration units we sometimes need a delay on make type or a delay on break type of timer. They’re available in a fully adjustable version where the time delay is set with a large dip switch bank.
Anyway, some or all of that I just said may be over complicating things but the basics of using a refrigerated air (or hydrogen) drier would speed up or make the process more efficient and make a higher purity.
I saw another youtuber paint a non conductive surface with a carbon paint after which he electroplated it with metal. It gave me the long alas idea of finally how to make a very cheap platinum electrode. Using that method the electrod could even be "painted" onto the body of the electrolysis, saving room or extra parts.
I built a 3kw hho torch a few years ago. I had a lot of trouble with the stainless steel anodes oxidizing (probably because I was using a much higher current and voltage to get a higher instantaneous production). If you are looking for a better material for the anode, I recommend nickel. It works really well in basic conditions. I replaced the stainless steel anodes in my system with nickel plated mild steel, and they work great, although figuring out nickel plating was a project by itself.
Bro he plated mild steal the battery connections are thin as hell and not pure nickel you would use lots and lots it probably cost lots too 😂
All you need is baking soda, DI water and Cold rolled steel electrodes and it will last FOREVER. Stainless has Chrome which is WAY too reactive!!
Ive thought about doing this with 2 stainless steel "test tubes" upturned in a KOH solution, and painted or powder coated on the outside, that way when one of both of the tubes fill with gas, the circuit is broken and the electrolysis will stop. The current could also be measured to determine when the tubes are full. Ideally, the paint would go slightly inside the end of the tube to prevent bubbling out. ideally, both the hydrogen and oxygen could be collected.
Cool project, thanks for sharing.
In the past I needed a supply of hydrogen on tap and looked towards electrolysis to provide it. For the `membrane` I used a large (10inch) ceramic (red) plant pot and the electrodes were 316 grade stainless cones, one on the inside, one on the outside. Neg electrode was on the inside, h2 came out of the plant pot hole. The plant pot being totally submerged, saturated with electrolyte, allowed transfer of ions, but disallowed migration of gases. The gas (h2) was collected in much the same way as your system, with a pump to empty the collecting jar. Doing things this way mean a lot smaller distance between electrodes, hence much lower resistance. The h2 purity was more than good enough for my purposes, (shielding gas for making vacuum tube cathodes) I hope this helps. This was the only way I found to get the resistance low enough for acceptable performance with everyday materials. Chris, UK.
Instead of silica gel, bubble your hydrogen through ice water to get rid of humidity. I did this when cracking ethanol to ethylene and it worked great
One of my absolutely favorite channels. I tried doing the Aluminum reaction too. Never got as far as doing electrolysis. This is really amazing. Looking forward to the continuation of the Joule-Thompson cooler as well. Go get some heavy gauge wire for your current wires, and stay away from any Sieverts!
Nice! For an even more interesting system: add solar panels to generate the electricity needed for the electrolysis and a fuel cell (or a hydrogen run generator) to revert the collected hydrogen back to electricity.
I know this is all in the name of science but if he does, he should compare the cost of electrólisis plus everything else of Jules produced to the cost of directly generating those Jules with solar panels and store them in a battery.
Or for efficiency's sake, use the electricity from the solar panel directly for whatever you wanted to power with the fuel cell.
Great cell design. You can use ABS plumbing cement to solvent weld ABS parts together.
Or use aceton. Thats what a lot of people in the 3d printing community use
I believe he was trying to avoid a potential reaction with the acid solution he was using. Silicone sealants are pretty inert to most things once cured but the plastic welding is probably the best way besides creating it out of one piece
Nice with the engineering that is missing in most HHO/H2 vids, thanks!
Just the right amount of cutting-edge science and bodging!
Dude you’ve got the makings of a popular product there. If excess solar power could be used to run this gas generator/ storage apparatus then on rainy days the stored hydrogen could be used to run a generator to recharge an off grid battery bank. I recommend you keep improving this apparatus. Totally awesome
i would imagine that the losses from converting the electrical energy to chemical and then back would be greater than just storing the solar energy in a battery; not to mention the increased mess, hassle, and danger of electrolysis
Amazing video! Just a small correction: conduction unit is siemens, not sieverts. Radiation dose is measured is sieverts.
Enjoyed your video, well put together.
I started playing with H-O-H when I was in college during the early 60's. After trying several metals for electrodes, I settled for titanium... longest life and least polluting. (I was told I couldn't use titanium as electrodes, but proved people wrong) Built my own signal generators and circulated the electrolyte through a radiator in order control the temp, although I was not aggressive with the electrolyte. The anodes and cathodes were in separate but connected chambers of the hydrolizer, therefore had no problems keeping the oxygen and hydrogen separated. In addition, I used a pulsating electromagnetic flux to aid in the reduction of the molecular attraction of the electrolyte. I was able to generate enough hydrogen to provide 75% of the fuel needs of a golf cart.
Congratulations and I wish you success!
Can you describe the electromagnetic flux part? Was it an electromagnet?
Flux/field
How did you create the flux/field?
@@jheissjrpulsating electromagnetism
As a soon to be engineer im amazed at how much you know about not only what you need but also what pitfalls there are, proper practice, hazards and a general understanding of almost all of what you use. Whats your background and do you do research on the stuff beforehand or where did you learn what you know nowadays? It seems very effortless
This guy sometimes even teases us with us wanting an efficient solution or method.. while he builds the very poor design thing.
Only to improve the thing tenfold in the follow up.
@@yasirrakhurrafat1142 ikr😭 im like "wait this is not a good solution, how why what is going on😨 😂
@@EtherTheReal lol.
This guy definitely is sadistic.
Likes to know that we are suffering.
That's also why we love him.
And for the memes.
LoL.
One thing could help in two ways is use of a thermostat to cycle the electrolysis off when temp. is above a set level. This would keep it in a more efficient range and keep evaporation down, less to remove. Though this might increase the time to make x volume, it might be worth a longer run if time isn't real critical.
As a kid, we used to make hydrogen, and fill garbage bags with it. Then, we'd tie long strips of paper or fuse with a firecracker, light them, and let them go. They'd go WAY up in the air, then burst into a huge fireball. It was awesome, especially at night!
Heck yah, been waiting for an update! Love this backyard garage science series. Been interested in cryo-cooling since talking with a presenter at defcon 30. Keep up the great work, and thanks for sharing your trials and tribulations.
God bless the people like you who chop of days of trying and researching; I wish I had RUclips when I was at the university!
This is a really clever design! I used to help launch balloons in college. We used an amateur radio system called APRS to track the balloon.
The embrittlement acts on a whole lot of materials, big reason why hydrogen is still not used often for transport, but it will also affect your abs, its not only the natriumhydroxide. Great vid!
Hexchrome is most dangerous as an inhalant, so when allowing the water to evaporate do not let the residue become completely dry, dispose of it as a slury and wear a n95 during handing. :)
If someone would have explained the world to me like this maybe o would have achieved greater things in life.. massive respect dude this was amazing..
I am speechless.
Never have i seen such a Neat and functional H-Generator, in a DIY kind of way. It is such a Entertaining and informative video that my only real criticism are the Sievert(sv) and Simens(s) mistake.
If i ever want to make an H-Generator, i will shamelessly copy your design.
Have a Nice day and make great videos however long they take.
This series has been my favorite on RUclips in a long time. If you ever get to liquid helium in your garage, I’d be just as impressed as when I saw Ben from applied science make his SEM in his.
Be careful recovering the hydrogen from the balloon, due different gas concentrations there might be an osmotic difference great enough that could make air diffuse into the balloon increasing oxygen levels. All depends about the gas permeability of the balloon and the time but still be careful.
My dad gave me a latex balloon with hydrogen to me when I was a kid. Obviously I set fire to it when it wasn't lighter than air anymore, as you do, and I got a surprisingly loud and distinct bang, with distinct "waves" of echoes.
Very interesting, balloon materials being permeable?
@@kaerajpeterayes most materials like plastics and rubbers are permeable. That’s why helium balloons start to lose their shape after awhile and sink. A simple rubber hose really can’t be used long term for refrigerants as the molecules will leak out, more so as the hose material ages due to heat and exposure.
lol, was just going to post that, good someone already did!
reference: "Cody'sLab Self Inflating Balloons?! "
Pure hydrogen don't explode, just burn. explosion due to oxygen mixed with hydrogen.
Thank you for idea with lift calculation on normal scale. That is simply Genius in its simplicity.
Fantastic video. Clear, concise and to the point, with a dash of humor. Can't wait for the next one!
Have done that chemically several decades back(water,anhydrous calcium carbonate(lime), sodium bicarbonate(baking soda),aluminum foils from discarded pill packs). Utilized an unused grandpa's urinal collector bag(since it had a one way valve) to accumulate and dispense to balloons. Giving away those to excited little children was the real fun😊❤👍
The chemistry of a Nafion/PEM style electrolysis cell is completely different. It involves the doping of the polymer membrane with superacid terminations to allow H+ currents to flow freely through the membranes, instead of electron currents running the other way. Thats why they don't use a solution with ions present, they actually use 18 MOhm pure water.
Either way, they are expensive, but super convenient/compact/lightweight/etc. I have one that I use to feed hydrogenation reactions.
Now you have me intrigued!
1.) Where did you end up getting yours
and
2.) What type of reactions are you doing
(If you don’t mind sharing of course)
check fuel cell store@@ericlotze7724
Very nice made video.
1 thing tho:
- don't compress hydrogen if you are in doubt of the purity. Very small amounts of oxygen present in compressed hydrogen can lead to spontanous ignition aka. an explosion.
I love your work man, always really cool detailed projects with ever increasing quality.
I have some suggestions for possible improvements that you may or may not have considered.
Temperature sensor in the cell to avoid thermal runaway or to simply remain under a set temp. You could also use a simple optimization algorithm to balance power input and temperature.
A humidity sensor on the output of the dryer bottle to halt the system and alert you when you need to replace your silica beads.
A flow sensor to log output, though you could just calibrate your vessel and count each time you evacuate it.
My most expensive idea is a radiator to exhaust heat, it would be hard to get the right parts for that though. Actually, a coiled stainless pipe could act as either your anode or cathode and you can run your coolant through it. Two birds with one stone on that one.
Anyway, keep up the great work! Can't wait to see what you build next
So inspiring, Chemistry, Electronics and engineering, in one video
For safety maybe include an inline oxygen absorber. There are iron-based scavenger packets designed for the purpose but hand warmers work too.
Alternatively, a bit of platinum would catalytically form water and have the benefit of not needing replacement over time.
Probably set this up before your silica trap.
0:35 Take that clip of the mini HHO tank out of there! That's not how the little torches operate. NEVER contain or pressurize ant HHO gas. That little tank would be a grenade. You have to have flash back protectors in-between the source of HHO and you have to use all of what's being produced as is being produced. Trust me. I filled a huge balloon through a 200 foot hose and when it was full I took a lighter and lit it in front of the hose and removed my thumb and BOOM!!!!! Instant. The fire traveled through the hose like det, cord. Amazing stuff. Dangerous as hell!
I've thought it would be really interesting to build up an open-source catalog of this sort of projects for different sorts of small scale processes. Combine this with a nitrogen purification cell and an electrically driven Haber-Bosch or Frank-Car cell (along with the needed cells to recycle the other feed stocks) and you could turn surplus solar power into Ammonia which is an important fertilizer (and if you don't want to store that, a Bosch-Meiser cell can make urea which is also a fertilizer).
Another interesting option would be Methanol synthesis (which would likely require a CO2 sequestration cell) as a reasonably storable and high energy chemical fuel.
I honestly think your suggestion would get the channel and community banned
@@lelagrangeeffectphysics4120 most of what I'm thinking of would likely work better in a different format than RUclips. Wikis and cad files for example.
But I agree; sadly the difference between making the world a better place chemistry and arms design is often little more than what you plan to do with it. 😕
@@benjaminshropshire2900 Teaching people how to make their own arms is a part of the right to bear arms, it shouldn't even be a question that disseminating this information is legal, even *if* the intent is arms design and not "making the world a better place" (some argue those are the same thing). Unfortunately, the modern US government likes to use the Constitution as toilet paper. Disband the BATFE!
If I were to make a guess I would say that your trying to produce a devise that could freeze liquid hydrogen for transportation safety.
(HHO generator/chryocooler) but that's just a guess. Your a smart man and I enjoy your videos. Good narrating voice, not condescending at all. I like that part allot. I'm subscribed and impressed. Thank you for sharing your education and experience 🙂
Very nice! If you need advice or just want to talk hydrogen generators hit me up.
Hoping that bubbles will release from Conductors and float upward, is way too slow for efficient production of Browns Gas.
A simple solution is to use a Twin 10" Water Filter Housing from any Hardware Store, with 2 x Extruded Carbon Filters (preferably Silver Impregnated), which have wires attached with conductive Glue, and connected to a 30kHz PWM driver circuit. The Electrolyte is pumped through the Filters using a brushless DC water Pump, into a recovery chamber where gases can be extracted under vacuum, before the electrolyte is circulated through the filters continuously.
The average surface area of a 10" Water Filter is approx 4000 square meters, which allows electrolyte to remain in constant contact with the conductive carbon filters, and the flow created by the brushless DC Pump ensures that any gases are constantly being removed. A brushless DC vacuum pump is not essential, but will improve the efficiency of the entire system and accelerate gas recovery from electrolyte returning to recovery chamber.
@@delawarecopcan you create a simple show case video or album? I'm curious about it but have a hard time imagining it from a comment and I also would love to know if you have a working prototype :)
@@natheyshiro4119 - I did a working prototype in 2006 in my garage, ut that was 2 houses ago. I do have components here to build another, but am tied up with other projects atm. You don't need to visualize it, just get a stock photo of a twin water filter housing, a brushless DC water pump, and a clear plastic container sitting beside it as the storage for water electrolyte, with enough space above the water level as gas recovery - and you have the basic principle.
Though platinum is expensive a very thin foil if it, or plated metal shouldn't be too expensive. Very nice video and knowledge on this topic.
Industry minimum V is around 1.43v. I think they are also using that voltage as the baseline for efficiency calcs. The promising workaround for zero gap sans Nafion, etc., is PES (polyethersulfone) filtration membranes and probably nickel foam electrodes sandwiched between bipolar plates of Ti, with a goal of around 2v and below. That def wont look nearly as cool, however 😁
I can't believe how well these videos are made on top of containing so much information!
Just a heads up with silica gel, it will remove a lot of moisture but not all of it. If you want to remove all of you'll need to use some 3A molecular sieves in a second bottle, or P2O5 chamber, or bubble through 98% sulfuric, or use a cryogenic cooler to condense it all.
Hyperspace Pirate, thank you for such a thorough yet succinct and well-reasoned presentation!
If only All technical project presentations were this well done!!
1:24 *In USCSB Video Presenter Voice* “They thought a Faceshield wasn’t needed, this assumption proved to be deadly”
Brilliant work. Research, followed by testing, design, and the building of the rig. I thoroughly enjoyed watching your video.
As regards hydrogen embrittlement that you mentioned, this is a very real problem. So much so, that the power station where I spent most of my career had to instal a hydrogen generation plant (using methanol feedstock) to provide hydrogen for alternator cooling instead of the racks of steel cylinders that were formerly used.
It can also lead to weld failure if welding rods are not adequately dried before use. With some welds that I examined, I did not even have to get my test equipment connected- I could see the cracks!
remember he is not suicidal.
Holy cow, best video on youtube about hydrogen electrolysis
Something you might be able to use as a permeable membrane is expanded PTFE. It is porous, so will have no problem letting electrolyte through, but I think it would stop any gas bubbles from migrating. Might be a lot cheaper than the stuff the professionals use.
Incredible well made video and engineering process. 10/10. Congratulations.
You can use a hydrogen torch to turn that chromium waste into ruby if you want.
This would be great for doing stained glass, neon lights, or other small glassworking projects. I honestly might try it.
I am trying to make a similar generator for a school project and trying to predict the amount of gas that I could theoretically get from it, however the link to the aqueous solution conductivity chart doesn't work and I just get a 404 error. Do you have an alternative link to it or a pdf?
Incredible! I've been looking for someone who knows how to do the math on these exact questions. Awesome work.
6:10 You're speaking of Siemens, not Sievert (Sv) here :)
He's just using extremely radioactive sodium hydroxide
Well, when i was on my hydrogen kick i was trying to use it as a fuel to replace a need for an acetylene torch. And potentially even burn a steel furnace with it. I did a stacked cell and was making hydroxy gas (trying for an on demand system). While i now can afford acetylene whats really preventing me from working on this is my hydroxy cell blew up. I was unharmed (thank god for the foresight to put up a blast barrier) but very rattled from the experience. All that said im extremely impressed by your setup.
Edit: i forgot to mention oxyhydride gas is used in glass crafts as it doesn't leave soot like other gasses.
Argh Pirates, here we are.
Pretty cool experiment. :)
I'd like to point out it is essential to FULLY separate the hydrogen from the oxygen before compressing.
Thanks for pointing out the dangerous residue that will eventually be left. Hexavalent Chromium is a serious health hazard.
siemens
maybe the water is coming direct from fukushima
It seems a waste of good tritium. Once we figure out fusion fukushima water will be valuable@@nullptr472
BRO I've been wondering about the membrane issue FOREVER and I was like "how do people do this at home with these expensive glass membranes and stuff"? Now I know, thank you
It's Siemens, not Sieverts
It’s sea men not semen
Thanks for covering how to dispose of the toxic waste afterwards.
Just wondering who will realy take all those steps and not just pour it down the sink lol
I read the work of a Japanese doctor of physics who thoroughly researched the electrolysis of water. He used rectangular platinum electrodes and ground them on both diagonals on both sides to obtain micropyramidal surfaces from which the bubbles are easily separated and increase the effect of electrolysis...
Nowhere have I found anyone using additional ultrasonic vibrations to help separate the bubbles from the electrodes!?
Amazing project! So nicely done with all special features and automation and 3D printed parts 😍
Glad to find someone with similar interest in hydrogen generators as me
Use acetone to weld ABS parts together. Also its glass transition temperature is around 105C (221F) and it should survive boiling water, (though not forever as the heat deflection temp is around 98C) so you shouldn't need to worry about that.
I was honestly just wondering how to make hydrogen at home! After playing Dyson Sphere Program, I thought the method of hydrogen production was a translation error, then dug into it more. I'll have to try this setup!
Welder here:
About your hydrogen embrittlement problem, I feel like it wouldnt be a problem for anything other than super long term storage. I dont know the leech rate of it, but its something I have to worry about as a welder, though not commonly. Hydrogen uptake happens fairly quickly when youre welding, regardless of process, but thats primairly because youre dealing with molten steel in the pool, and electrolysis from the arc is the main actor that frees that hydrogen up. Spatter spray is the number one source of that water in a production environment as it is intentionally sprayed over basemetal.
When I was 14 I used an upside down two liter bottle, some tubing, a trickle charger and some graphite from a pencil to “distill” hydrogen. I also was inspired by my dogs’ auto filling water bowl. Took me half a day to collect a liter and came home from school to find my stepfather had thrown away my build. It’s always cool seeing similar concepts being explored by different people who had no prior knowledge of the others work. To me it shows we are all connected by God, especially when the inspiration is the same.
Awesome video, it's my 80's childhood in a nutshell.
Splitting H2O into H and O.
Your work is amazing! This is just a "peer review" of your work, but again, your work is very impressive, please keep posting these! The area is not 100cm but 100cm^2 at 9:09. It was also unclear how distance of the electrodes affect the conductivity in the electrolyte - distance *does* matter. The NaOH vapor is also an issue, contaminating your H2. Bubbling though just water from a sponge on the bottom (like an aquarium bubbler) would clean most of it. I think it's worth pointing out your tank is losing H2. H2 is almost impossible to contain in anything, it's leaks through solid materials. Lastly, use graphite rods rather than steel to avoid any contamination and toxic wastes.
I helped someone make one once. it used 12V-14V and targeted 2V per cell. So it had a plate and then several isolated floating plates before the next powered plate. This meant that it was like having several units in series.
What a fantastic, high-paced video ! Really enjoyed it. Learned loads, too. Matt Lee
I know many will say "did you see the Bob Lazar hydrogen video"???
At least you showed a bit more detail in how to build your table edition, besides the electronics to most, easy to follow.
Nice vid.
Well explained and easy to rebuilt.
If you use Nickel instead of stainless steel and a Potassium Hydroxid solution up to 35% concentration, it will work even better.
Hydrogen embrittlement is not as dramatic, as you sketched it in the video. Think of a standard storage bottle for hydrogen as you can buy it from your local provider. It's a standard steel bottle 50l at 200bar with a wall thickness of 2cm. If the embrittlement is really as dramatic, they wouldn't sell hydrogen in this bottles.
Thanks for sharing this project. I like that you included a lot of the theory of operation and also the idea of re-packaging the power supply circuitry inside printed parts to make everything uniform was clever. really nice looking printed parts and visual humor. good video
Very interesting project! I've done some HHO generators when I was hellbent on building a miniature high temperature torch. BTW, Sievert is a unit of ionizing radiation - in Europe we use Siemens for conductivity.
Thanks for linking to the conductivity table!
Stuff like this always interests me and its potential to be used for lots of different things, the big thing is being safe.
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Oh boy! It's a video from refrigerator-man! I freaking love those :) today's a good day, i can listen to it while working, not understand ANYTHING, and rewatch it again while eating, again, not understanding a thing, then watch it while having tea later, then i will understand it xD
An excellent project video, thank-you.
One tip might be to watch some James Condon videos where he repairs small engined items: generators and the like. His methos is to talk much more slowly and include all of the American exclamatory highlights that you use too.
I'll share this nice video to my 'Chemistry: What, Why, How' channel: one where I try to help people have experiences that try to help everyone understand how The Great Big Chemistry Set, called The Universe!, works.
The first experience is to add Caustic Soda to water. The second is to add Washing Soda to water.
The bonus for the first experience is to add aluminium foil to the Caustic Soda solution which, using plasticine, a silicone straw, a cleaned-out herb jar and some dilute detergent solution gives the nice, calm hyrogen-ignition flames that you show.
Again, many thanks!
I know how to neutralize hexavalent chromium, and I have a hexavalent testing lab that will verify what I did does work. What I did was so elementary. I can not believe people who went to college could not figure this out. The materials can be picked up at any hardware store to do this neutralizing of hexavalent chromium, and it can be used over and over.
Great work! Interesting to see you solved the problems.
Things like this are one half of oxygen generation and recycling on ISS. First, water is split into oxygen (which is used to breathe) and hydrogen. Then, hydrogen is combined with CO2 (scrubbed from air) in Sabatier reaction which produces methane and water again. Methane then discarded in space (although it can be recycled further, pyrolithically split into carbon and hydrogen again) and water again fed into electrolytic machine to produce oxygen. It's almost a complete cycle, a little synthetic biosphere. Amazing stuff.
Im obsessed with creating hydrogen on demand with multiple means. Thank you for helping me, for I am but a humble layman.
The increased voltage that you had to use to observe the gas generation at 7:23, is actually a known as Overpotential in electrochemistry, and it is a kinetic effect, which can be explained using diffusion effects and a few others. As a rule of thumb for water electrolysis it is actually around 0.6V which matches the effect you observed.