William III brought a huge force of 463 ships 40,000 men): more than twice the size of the Spanish Armada: why would he need to do that if it wasn't an invasion? Charles II didn't and he was invited too (but by Parliament, not just 7 random nobles). At the time of William's landing at Brixham, James II and VII was king - he didn't invite William to come and take his place. In fact, he was invited by a group of protestant magnates to invade and depose the existing king.
@@MrBulky992 After a short and chaotic reign, catholic James II (VII in Scotland) was arrested, allowed to escape and went to France. As such, he was deemed by parliament to have abdicated. His protestant daughter, Mary, was declared successor but she only agreed to reign jointly with her protestant husband (and cousin) William of Orange.
Hey Bud, I was born and raised in Dover and yes, you can see the coast of France on a clear day. But it's even better on a clear night as you can watch the headlights of the cars travelling along the French coastal roads. Keep up the great videos and reactions, but above all stay safe bud🏴😎👍
Many years ago I was in Dover prison doing a 9 month sentence, my cell window was facing out over the channel. I could see France nearly everyday when the sky was clear. Was the best view of the whole of Dover and channel as I was so high up inside the old fort.
Hello from Portsmouth! To answer your question, most of the South East/ Central South of England is chalk. I grew up 45 miles inland and we were kind of near the edge of the chalk boundary and got the occasional "earthquake" where chalk met clay. (When I say "earthquake", this is an English kind of earthquake where one person gets a picture falling off a wall lol). Interesting you asked about William of Orange- it's a name not many people over here really know a lot about. In very basic terms, the monarch at the time, James II, was Catholic but the country (and government) were Anglican so James trying to reintroduce Catholicism was NOT a good move. As I say- this is basic terms- but the government decided that Catholics couldn't rule England any more, and so James's heir- his Anglican daughter Mary- and her husband William of Orange were offered the throne and James fled into exile. William himself was Mary's cousin before they married so he had his own claim to the throne anyway. They ruled as joint monarchs "William III and Mary II". Monarchs rule "by consent of the people" (represented by the government), and banning Catholics from ruling in England was considered to be the "consent" of the people. It means it was officially a legitimate passing over of power rather than an invasion. Once William and Mary had both died without heir, the throne passed to Mary's sister Anne. When she also died childless there was a headache finding the next English monarch who wasn't Catholic and they eventually had to settle on the guy who was technically 53rd in line to the throne- a German called George (the First). It's from him that we still joke about our modern royal family being Germans. As a result of this anti-Catholic sentiment, heirs to the throne were banned from marrying Catholics until 2015. Yup, 2015!
The chalk in cliffs is mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) from the remains of coccoliths, which are microscopic skeletal plates of calcite on the surface of certain marine phytoplankton. The chalk you write on a blackboard with is actually calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), better known as gypsum, a common building material.
Good stuff brother, nice to see you learning so much and taking an interest in our country. Let me answer a few questions for you! Lots of British towns and cities have become pedestrianised over the last 20 years, very common to have no cars around the centres these days - people usually park in multi-level car parks on the outskirts or take public transport into town. William of Orange did land troops in England but he was invited to take the throne alongside his wife (and true heir to the throne) Mary instead of her father. You can absolutely see France from Dover and other parts of the coast too, the view in the evening from atop the cliffs watching the ferries is really something. The chalk goes back varying distances, but the geology of the south coast is really interesting - much of what exists as coastline today was once the sea floor when the waters here were tropical, then a couple of ice-ages happened and ruined the weather but left us stunning scenery. Keep up the good work!
I lived in Gosport, Hampshire which is, across the Portsmouth harbour, I moved back to kent to be closer to family, but do know Portsmouth very well, the dockyard where HMS Victory is in dry dock, have been aboard her twice, she's amazing inside and out... I now live closer to Canterbury, in Ashford just a, short train journey... Not far from Dover coastline... Canterbury is, lovely...
Whilst I was working in the Irish Sea off the coast of the lake district last summer on a clear day we could see England (obviously) Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man and on only the clearest days the coast of Ireland. 5 countries from the top of one vessel. Was an amazing sight.
I used to live in Brighton, just by where the observation tower is in the video, I've lived all over the UK but Brighton was by far my favourite place to live, the nightlife is incredible, so many great pubs and clubs, it's a party town through and through, I'm now in my 50's living a much quieter life in Snowdonia, North Wales which is beautiful, but I'll always have very fond memories of Brighton, it's a very bohemian place too, lots of very interesting people.
I can confirm that you can indeed see Calais (France) from Dover and also for quite a way along the coast. Last week, as a matter of fact, I was at the seaside town of Deal, approx 9 miles further up the coast, and saw Calais far clearer than shown in the video. As the guy said, it generally depends on the weather, time, and day, but more often than not, France is visible with the naked eye. It's only 23 miles away.
Hi Conner .William of Orange was invited in by the Government he was expected, He had an enormous navy with him when he landed he was cheered by the people all the way to London and not one shot was fired.
Hermann Goring had no difficulty seeing Dover from Calais in WWII. He described the Straits of Dover with his usual hubris as being "just a big river". In WWI, the gunfire from the trenches on the Western Front could be heard on this side of the Channel.
Brighton had two piers; the Palace pier and the West pier. The West pier was closed in the mid 70s and then badly damaged by fires and storms so there is little left now.
You can certainly see France from Dover. I was once on a visit to Dover Castle with some friends. One of my mates got a text. He looked at it and said "Bastards!". The text was from his service provider saying 'welcome to France', lol.
If you go down the cliff raod at St Margerets Bay to the pub at the bottom the only signal you will get is from France. Happens every time but I do like the Coastguard pub there
Since the Reformation the Archbishop of Canterbury has not been catholic, but rather the head of the church of England, which is Episcopalian Protestant.
Loved that, thanks Connor. I don't think we appreciate quite how much history this little group of islands has. If Rick Steve has a video on the far west of England, Cornwall and Devon , I would love you to react to it. Beautiful villages, sandy beaches, cream teas, Cornish pasties and tales of smugglers! What more could you want😀
At that time, the battle (wherever it specifically took place) was on the edge of a vast forest that covered most of southern England, called Andredswald. There are bits of it left today in what are mostly protected Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, such as The Weald (being Saxon for “forest”).
In the Maritime Museum is Nelsons actual uniform worn at the Battle of Trafalgar and at the top left shoulder is a hole where the musket ball entered to shatter Nelson's spine .Photographs can't be taken but i do have a postcard and a piece of wood taken from Victory during restoration work along with a coin which can be obtained at low cost i believe. Only the third gun deck is original i believe which is clear to see in Portsmouth .There is also a piece of mast with a large hole in it made by a cannon ball on show and in a building close by the actual sail of Victory kept in the correct conditions which from memory is behind glass i believe.
There is an old joke about the brass plaque on the deck showing where Nelson fell. A visiting tourist says "I'm not surprised he fell there, I tripped over the bloody thing as well."
I live on the outskirts of Portsmouth, in a town called Havant, and it's videos like these that remind me how little of my own country I've explored and appreciated.
Warrior & Victory are so interesting to look round & the remains of Mary Rose & it's artifacts are very moving because so many men went down with her. You remind me so much of my son about the funfair rides - when he was about 11 he & his sister went to get on a small "corkscrew" ride ... and we then saw her sitting next to a teenage lad with a multi coloured Mohican as the ride started - our son had come straight off the ride as he was feeling sick at the thought of it! He's 22 now & still a bit wary of those rides!!
I live in on rhe South East Coast....this is all my home...on a clear day i can see France very clearly. Its only 23 miles and its open water so yes its easy to see....😀 i work in Canterbury and have for years...i work next door to the Cathedral at the University so i go through a tiny gate in the main Buttermarket Gate, through the cathedral...and out the otherside...i always think how lucky i am to work in such a glorious place.
Hi Connor, William of Orange did not invade the UK. He was invited to be Monarch of our country by virtue of the 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688, by the British powers that be at the time. He did not invade, so much as sail down the south coast of Britain where he landed at Brixham in Devon. He then marched onto London and was feted and applauded all the way. No invasion my friend...he arrived very gently and with a lot of good manners.
Brass plaque inscribed "Here Nelson fell".... When it's pointed out, one visitor to HMS Victory allegedly remarked "I'm not surprised. I damn near tripped over the thing, myself." 😁 (An old joke I once actually got the chance to use as well... so of course couldn't resist doing so)
The equestrian term 'canter' for a horse's pace between a 'trot' and a 'gallop' comes from the name of Canterbury. It was the comfortable pace for the significant numbers of pilgrims to travel down to Canterbury on horseback.
That was fun! I'm also fascinated by naval warfare and wonder if you've seen the film 'Master and Commander'. Not suggesting that you react to it, but you'd like it - amazing reconstruction of Nelson-era English ships and realistic naval battles like in no other film before or since.
From the South Foreland cliff, near Dover, Cap Gris Nez, near Calais is clearly visible on a bright day. It's about 20 miles across the Channel at that point and is often the starting point for cross-channel swimmers.
To me the depth of history in England is a constant joy. Next trip we are going to stay in the Bishop's Wardrobe in Salisbury, in March- really looking forward to it.
I saw the victory up close. but I never had the fee to go on board her. and what a magnificent ship she is. you got to see her with your own eyes to admire her beauty. If I had one wish to go on a ship that would be it. from 🇬🇧 👍👍 an old cockney gal
I live in Gillingham, on the River Medway. It was here, in Chatham Dockyard, that HMS Victory was built. She was laid down in 1759, and launched in 1765. She fought in the American Revolutionary War, long before Trafalgar. You were asking about the chalk? The White Cliffs of Dover and Beachy Head mentioned in the video are separate areas of chalk. There are two main swathes of chalking running under much of Southern England. The northern one, of which Gillingham is on the Northern slope, is called the North Downs, and sweeps past Canterbury down to Dover. The other, the South Downs passes north of Brighton and ends at the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head. Both these chalk beds once carried on and linked up were the Cliffs are in France, but were swept away as Britain emerged from the last Ice Age and the rising seas burst through to link the North Sea with the English Channel and the Atlantic.
Sea Fishing is one of the most popular outdoor hobbies in the UK if not the most popular. And yes a big part of that is digging worms in the morning to use as bait. Lots of people also like to go crabbing, and gather shellfish in the rockpools when the tides out, or looking for fossils. Some of the UKs south coast off the Isle of Wight is the best place in the world to find fossil remains. Its a blue slipper clay beach that has preserved everything that died in the clay for tens of millions of years.
Haha! Love your shock when you realise that France really is THAT close to England. And you'll notice at 6:40 that the coast of France has white chalk cliffs too- showing they were once connected.
I feel your pain about roller coasters. Last time I was on Brighton pier (about 25 years ago!) I ended up throwing up into a bin after one of the rides! the railings were too high to do it over the top and into the sea!
I am proud to be Portsmouth born and bred, and have spent nearly 32 years working in various capacities on HMS Warrior, as tour guide, shipkeeper and tour guide again..... this is a pretty good video and does credit to my part of the world... Believe me, biased I may be, but dear old Pompey is definitely worth a visit!!
HMS Warrior was restored by the craftsmen of my hometown of Hartlepool. I can remember when it was brought into Hartlepool docks in 1979 and left in 1987
Many years ago I was in Dover prison doing a 9 month sentence, my cell window was facing out over the channel. I could see France nearly everyday when the sky was clear. Was the best view of the whole of Dover and channel as I was so high up inside the old fort. Lots of history in that old fort that was turned into a prison. It was like doing a prison sentence in an historic castle fort, I loved it. I also live in the village in Kent where Nelson used to live and have his house. Our road is called Trafalgar close.
That must've been the borstal/young offenders place on the Western Heights, yes. I've lived in Folkestone all my 52years and cannot remember there ever being an actual prison at Dover.
Hundreds of millions of years ago the UK was much further south and those cliffs were underwater. A clifftop in Brixham, Devon, SW England was once under a tropical sea. The UK was pushed north and the sea bed raised into cliffs, exposing the chalk beds of old marine animals, and shellfish. The NW of Scotland was once connected to Newfoundland or thereabouts. Further along the south coast, there are the Jurassic cliffs from the dinosaur period where many marine dinosaurs and countless fossils predating them have been found.
You can see France from the beach at St Margaret's Bay near Dover. You don't have to be high up on a cliff. Using a pair of binoculars it is possible to see the time on the clock tower of Calais Town Hall. Remember though that France is one hour ahead of UK time. If you raise your head and look upwards you can even see the sun from here on a clear day, and that's 93 million miles away!!!
I was in Dover this evening and the lights were twinkling over the French coastline. I remember back in the 1980s you could even hear the French fog horns and see the French lighthouse lights .
Hay Conner it's good to have memories like that. I used to do rock pools. Quite surprised what you can find. and it's fun to. from 🇬🇧👍👍 an old cockney gal
Yes, it was William of Orange, along with his wife Mary, who was James II's daughter. The chalk lands extend as far north as Cambridgeshire. Unsurprisingly, the Pas de Calais is also chalk.
Loving this series, is the UK one of the most beautiful places on earth, so far every corner is full of hikes, pubs, castles, farms, history and awesome scenery
I live in Dover, in fact in a seafront flat. You certainly can see the coast of France from Dover on a clear day. The clock tower in Calais can be seen on a very clear day if you have good eyesight. During WW2 Dover was shelled by German artillery from France and was described as Hellfire Corner. While the King stayed in London and visited the East End during the Blitz, Dover was considered too dangerous for him to come here. My 92 year old father lived in Dover during WW2 when his mother refused to evacuate him saying ‘if we are going to die, then we will die together’. He has many tales of the Battle of Britain that raged in the skies over Dover.
Yes, the cliffs at Dover are high enough so that on a good day you can see France across the channel. The straits of Dover is where the Channel is at its narrowest. The chalk extends way inland covering most of the eastern two-thirds of southern England. At the western end it starts out, spreading across a huge, largely treeless area known as Salisbury Plain. It then runs eastwards across southern England. It turns northwards up through East Anglia (the big bulge on the eastern side of the country). It dips down under The Wash, the notch at the top of the bulge. North of The Wash, it then continues nortwards until it finally gives way about two thirds up the eastern side of England. Chalk is a very rare form of rock in the world. Almost all of it lies in southern and eastern England, with a smaller band running up the northern coast of Europe.
My grandmother was born on Gosport, grandad in London and my mom in Plymouth. My grandad was in the Royal Navy so they moved around a bit. I’ve been to England twice and had a ride on the hovercraft from Dover to Calais France. I went to many places in England to visit family and the rest of Europe just to travel.
If you have a thing about Nelson and the Victory, then when you come over again, you should check out the birth place of the Victory, the Historic Dockyard at Chatham, Kent. It's about 35mile SE of London, an hour on the train. There are loads of historic naval ships, a Submarine, Lifeboat museum, all the different areas showing what they made in the workshops. And the oldest working ropery, that still rigs the Victory, and the Cutty Sark in London, of all their ropes, rigging and cables. As well all of the Pirates of the Caribbean ships. And just along the road is the Napoleonic defence fort, Fort Amherst, complete with tunnels and battlements.
Was on an outing with friends to France via ferry, the sea was like a mill pond, still some passengers were seasick, and you could see England and France, clear as day, during the entire crossing, there and back, that was in December.
Yes you can see France from Dover. That's also how Kenneth Branagh's character in DUNKIRK tells his fellow officer "you can almost see it (England/home) from here." Dunkirk is close to Calais, which is right across Dover at the English Channel.
I've known this part of the coast for a very long time; these cliffs are the 'Seven Sisters' of which Beachy Head is the most famous because of it being the highest chalk cliff in Britain, the lighthouses, the unfortunate reputation for attracting suicides and to a much lesser extent the battle against the Dutch in the 1650s (we lost).
The archbishops in uk are of the church of England, it doesn't report to Rome as its not Catholic. We have Catholic priests and Catholic representatives of the Vatican but if you hear about bishops, archbishops etc in England... They're geberally C of E
Can't find a clip but isn't there a scene near the beginning of the movie The Battle of Britain, which you've seen? You may have just watched clips, were Goring and Kesselring are on the French side of the Channel coast looking at England?
The chalk goes at least up to the north downs in surrey I think. Grew up in Croydon on the outskirts of south London & we would drive there on the weekend for walks, remember finding lots of pieces of chalk & flint as a kid.
I love how these programs always feature, Hastings, Battle and Brighton but never Eastbourne. You can climb to or drive to Beachy Head from Eastbourne, a much nicer seaside town. A bit smaller maybe than Brighton but I think a nicer place to visit. Yes I do live here - don't forget to visit us too on your trip round the South Coast.
I live about 45 miles from Dover. During WW2 our town was shelled by the Germans. Not bombed but shelled by cannon. You have to remember that our roads and houses have been around for 100's of years and you can't just knock down house to widen roads. Cars have only been popular since 1920's.
England is generally clearer from France than France from England. The cliffs at Dover are higher, whiter and reflect the sun with their southerly aspect. The chalk hills at Dover are the end of a chain known as the North Downs which extend west eventually to the plateau of Salisbury Plain. They have a south facing scarp slope with an anticline dip slope forming the bedrock of the Thames Valley. West of Dover near Brighton are the Seven Sisters cliffs including Beachy Head. These are the South Downs which run West to Winchester and on to to Wiltshire Pain. Their scarp slope faces north and their dip slope south and under the channel. Between the North and South Downs is the Weald of Sussex and Kent.
If you get a map of Britain and draw a line from the mouth of the river Exe in Devon to the mouth of the river Tees in the northeast, then all to the right of this line is chalk (but not solid chalk). To the left has no chalk. For other chalk carvings check out the white horse at Uffington and the Cerne Abbis giant in Dorset: the male member is not to scale- an England gentlemen's is larger!
London is built on a clay basin, but the clay lies on a bed of chalk. There are massive chalk caverns that provide a water supply to eastern London. Sometimes people go exploring there, and end up drowned by the tide.
Before the advent of the train ,it was often quicker to go round the coast by boat. .Places on the coast would make things easier for sea travellers by building out these long piers, stretching from the land out into the deep water. Although they are now used for pleasure purposes and to walk out further and view the sea ,the original use was to allow large passenger carrying boats to come alongside in the deep water and allow the passengers to disembark, then walk to the town .
Regarding how far inland the chalk goes; Lewes, county town of Sussex, is less than 15 miles from the coast and has several old chalk quarries. The town I live in is 8 miles further inland from Lewes and we’re on sandstone and clay. No chalk to be found. But of course it’s not a straight line; several areas in Ashdown Forest (where Winnie the Poo was based and written) are sitting on chalk, while other parts of the forest are on mixed chalk and sandstone.
The chalk runs in ridges. The Dover bit is the end of the North Downs and runs just south of London. The south Downs run from Eastbourne, west for around 100 miles.
The horizon at sea level is about 12 miles, but if you are 300ft above sea level in Dover Castle, that horizon extends, so yes the French coast is clearly visible on a clear day. Most of Europe was built well before motor cars, whereas most of the US was built after the advent of cars. Some of our old cathedrals are just amazing pieces of architecture. No one could afford to build them today. If you come to the UK, Battle is a good place to visit and get some atmosphere of the battleground. William was of Danish descent, so the Vikings still succeeded in the end and got the crown back (after Cnut the Great). Brighton is my local city now, so know it really well. The i360 on the pole is known as the "donut"! Nice Italian restaurant next to the Pavilion called Al Duomo. Some really good pubs and eateries all over though. The South Downs are now a National Park, so protected from development. That cannon on HMS Warrior is indeed a breech loader.
East Dean is not a "hamlet", it's a fully fledged village with the 'Tiger' pub, church, village hall, cricket ground, Thai restaurant, delicatessen, general shop/post office and a population of almost 1,700.
Connor you can see France across the English Channel and you can also see the coast of Scotland from parts of the North Antrim Coast in Northern Ireland. Its about the same distance.
Its chalk because millions of years ago it was underwater. The bottom of the sea was a white mud mainly made of debris from algae and shells. So as the once underwater land became the surface, the ground was made of the stuff which is essentially chalk. Something like that
Those chalk cliffs are the skeletons of trillions of tiny sea-creatures (diatoms?). Over hundreds of millions of years they formed a layer of chalk on the sea bed, Which was raised by geological forces to form what is now the land. And they do extend to France, too. The Channel being carved quite recently (geologically speaking) by melting glaciers at the end of the last ice age
Lots of places in centre of towns in Europe including England are designated as pedestrian only areas where the only traffic allowed are people on foot.
Young Aristocrats for example, after finishing University, used to go on 'The Grand Tour' as a sort of rite of passage, spending however long they liked travelling around 'The Continent' to many parts of Europe and, sometimes, beyond - often ending up in Greece. When they came home, enthused by what they'd seen, they would often build 'follies' on their Estates to mark their trip. If, when you come here, you decide to visit the Great Houses you will see many examples of these 'follies' - well, everywhere, within their acres! BTW I'm with you with the fun fairs. Feet on the ground, watching the bags is my job. I know 'it's a small world ......' quite well !!!
The beaches of south-east England are rich in shellfood. I often dig razor-clams, and catch shrimp in my nets...then boil them on a portable gas hob and eat them hot and fresh with lemon and buttered bread. Delicious.. We also have crab, cockles, mussels, winkles and samphire as a salad vegetable to go with any shellfoods.
When I was young, long ago, we were told never to eat the shellfish because of all the sewage going into the sea. Joining the EU changed that almost immediately.
William the Conqurer didn't set his sights on the White Cliffs of Dover. He took the longer route to Pevensey/Hastings and the Romans landed at Pegwell Bay in Thanet, Kent
Hi Connor. I’m no geologist but I believe there is a seam of chalk extending up to the north of England on the eastern coast. You absolutely can see the chalk veins at low tide on the banks of the Thames river in central London. I’d send you a picture if I could 😊. Nice video. I’m a south eastern resident and know all these places very well
The impact of the Stamford Bridge battle and the Hastings battle cannot be underestimated. Without those, England would be a cross between Holland and Denmark.
It is an important question Connor, chalk was laid down in warm shallow seas, to quote - Most chalks formed during the Cretaceous period, between 100 and 60 million years ago, and chalks of this age can be found around the world. The Cretaceous chalks record a period when global temperatures and sea levels were exceptionally high. Much of the chalkland in southern part of England stretch into Lincolnshire and only where removed by later glacial action it reveals the various rock formations below, such as limestone and sandstone, but in Cornwall we find the much older harder granite. In the meantime, by the action of a once separate continent, India, which by movement of tectonic plates moved northwards and doing a wee bit of a crash into Asia formed the Alps and Himalayas and ruckled everything north of that pushing up the chalk and underlying rock below it into a massive dome perhaps 3 plus thousand feet high and thus in turn by glacial action (and working from the top of course) the older rocks below were revealed (in Sussex in the Weald between the North and South Downs). The English Channel was formed by a geological fault which was initially a great river. Complicated by sinking tectonic plates, hence early beaches 250 feet in the chalk above Portsmouth! Geology can get very complicated so regard this as simply a quick potted history!
@@russcattell955i Yes, thanks for reminding me. I find it quite amazing the area covered by the those seas in the Cretaceous period and how small were those creatures, I quote a source " . . and named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates, principally coccoliths), found in the upper Cretaceous of Western Europe". Most sources speak of shallow warm inland seas where the deposits were laid down. Layers of flints are included. As it (the chalk) compacted, it squeezed out the seawater containing dissolved quartz, or silica (which comes from the skeletons of tiny sponges, a very simple animal).This silica was pushed out into gaps, cracks and burrows in the chalky mud to form nodules or layers of flint. These flints have a white outer layer (cortex), and are black inside. They can come in very complicated, bulging shapes, or with spikes, holes and cavities. It really is most fascinating.
@@ollielowe7534 Where the dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulphide meet, acidic conditions are generated, carbonate is dissolved and silica precipitated to form flint. The silica that formed the flint derives from silica fixed in the skeletal structure of many marine organisms such as sponges. And as I said previously this occurring in warm seas.
On clear days with an uninterrupted line of sight, anybody can see about 35 to 40 miles in distance and if there is nothing to give a sense of scale, in between. The distance seems to be much closer. The river Thames is about 700 yards wide in East London but it seems as if it is only 100 yards. Across flat open water everything looks as if it is 5 or 6 times closer.
I am celtic. Iv lived in Britain all my life and my family goes back a few thousand years. And no you can't see France clearly even on a good day. It just looks like a grey line in the distance. There is 24 miles of water. And rough water between Europe and the UK!! Xxx
William of orange absolutely did not invade he was invited to take the throne
Two different people.
Read the history not the propaganda
William III brought a huge force of 463 ships 40,000 men): more than twice the size of the Spanish Armada: why would he need to do that if it wasn't an invasion? Charles II didn't and he was invited too (but by Parliament, not just 7 random nobles).
At the time of William's landing at Brixham, James II and VII was king - he didn't invite William to come and take his place.
In fact, he was invited by a group of protestant magnates to invade and depose the existing king.
I think the Irish would disagree 😂
@@MrBulky992 After a short and chaotic reign, catholic James II (VII in Scotland) was arrested, allowed to escape and went to France. As such, he was deemed by parliament to have abdicated. His protestant daughter, Mary, was declared successor but she only agreed to reign jointly with her protestant husband (and cousin) William of Orange.
Hey Bud, I was born and raised in Dover and yes, you can see the coast of France on a clear day. But it's even better on a clear night as you can watch the headlights of the cars travelling along the French coastal roads. Keep up the great videos and reactions, but above all stay safe bud🏴😎👍
Live in Capel le Ferne and I can see France on a clear day from my spare bedroom!
I love Dover,i go there for my holidays…
Many years ago I was in Dover prison doing a 9 month sentence, my cell window was facing out over the channel. I could see France nearly everyday when the sky was clear. Was the best view of the whole of Dover and channel as I was so high up inside the old fort.
If you sit outside the CoastGuard boozer in St Margarets Bay, On a clear night you can see Zeebrugge
@@JimWalsh-rl5dj you can hardly call the Coastguard Pub a boozer…i would call it a cliff side diner..i had a beautiful meal in there…
I’m yet to watch one of your reactions where I haven’t finished it slightly more knowledgable on the place I call home!
As always, been a pleasure 👌🏼
You can definitely see France from England. I grew up on the coast in Wales and when you're up high you can see the Irish coast on clear days.
Eh? I grew up on Earth, but on a clear night I can see Mars.
I grew up in Devon. And on clear night, I could see the Andromeda galaxy. Beat that. (You can't.
So ha!)
Hello from Portsmouth!
To answer your question, most of the South East/ Central South of England is chalk. I grew up 45 miles inland and we were kind of near the edge of the chalk boundary and got the occasional "earthquake" where chalk met clay. (When I say "earthquake", this is an English kind of earthquake where one person gets a picture falling off a wall lol).
Interesting you asked about William of Orange- it's a name not many people over here really know a lot about. In very basic terms, the monarch at the time, James II, was Catholic but the country (and government) were Anglican so James trying to reintroduce Catholicism was NOT a good move. As I say- this is basic terms- but the government decided that Catholics couldn't rule England any more, and so James's heir- his Anglican daughter Mary- and her husband William of Orange were offered the throne and James fled into exile. William himself was Mary's cousin before they married so he had his own claim to the throne anyway. They ruled as joint monarchs "William III and Mary II". Monarchs rule "by consent of the people" (represented by the government), and banning Catholics from ruling in England was considered to be the "consent" of the people. It means it was officially a legitimate passing over of power rather than an invasion. Once William and Mary had both died without heir, the throne passed to Mary's sister Anne. When she also died childless there was a headache finding the next English monarch who wasn't Catholic and they eventually had to settle on the guy who was technically 53rd in line to the throne- a German called George (the First). It's from him that we still joke about our modern royal family being Germans.
As a result of this anti-Catholic sentiment, heirs to the throne were banned from marrying Catholics until 2015. Yup, 2015!
The chalk in cliffs is mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) from the remains of coccoliths, which are microscopic skeletal plates of calcite on the surface of certain marine phytoplankton. The chalk you write on a blackboard with is actually calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), better known as gypsum, a common building material.
Good stuff brother, nice to see you learning so much and taking an interest in our country. Let me answer a few questions for you! Lots of British towns and cities have become pedestrianised over the last 20 years, very common to have no cars around the centres these days - people usually park in multi-level car parks on the outskirts or take public transport into town. William of Orange did land troops in England but he was invited to take the throne alongside his wife (and true heir to the throne) Mary instead of her father. You can absolutely see France from Dover and other parts of the coast too, the view in the evening from atop the cliffs watching the ferries is really something. The chalk goes back varying distances, but the geology of the south coast is really interesting - much of what exists as coastline today was once the sea floor when the waters here were tropical, then a couple of ice-ages happened and ruined the weather but left us stunning scenery.
Keep up the good work!
I lived in Gosport, Hampshire which is, across the Portsmouth harbour, I moved back to kent to be closer to family, but do know Portsmouth very well, the dockyard where HMS Victory is in dry dock, have been aboard her twice, she's amazing inside and out... I now live closer to Canterbury, in Ashford just a, short train journey... Not far from Dover coastline... Canterbury is, lovely...
Whilst I was working in the Irish Sea off the coast of the lake district last summer on a clear day we could see England (obviously) Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man and on only the clearest days the coast of Ireland. 5 countries from the top of one vessel. Was an amazing sight.
I used to live in Brighton, just by where the observation tower is in the video, I've lived all over the UK but Brighton was by far my favourite place to live, the nightlife is incredible, so many great pubs and clubs, it's a party town through and through, I'm now in my 50's living a much quieter life in Snowdonia, North Wales which is beautiful, but I'll always have very fond memories of Brighton, it's a very bohemian place too, lots of very interesting people.
This is my home. I’ve lived in the south east all my life. I love travelling but it’s always good to get home again.
I can confirm that you can indeed see Calais (France) from Dover and also for quite a way along the coast. Last week, as a matter of fact, I was at the seaside town of Deal, approx 9 miles further up the coast, and saw Calais far clearer than shown in the video. As the guy said, it generally depends on the weather, time, and day, but more often than not, France is visible with the naked eye. It's only 23 miles away.
Hi Conner .William of Orange was invited in by the Government he was expected, He had an enormous navy with him when he landed he was cheered by the people all the way to London and not one shot was fired.
It became known as The Glorious and Bloodless Revolution.
Hermann Goring had no difficulty seeing Dover from Calais in WWII. He described the Straits of Dover with his usual hubris as being "just a big river".
In WWI, the gunfire from the trenches on the Western Front could be heard on this side of the Channel.
Brighton had two piers; the Palace pier and the West pier. The West pier was closed in the mid 70s and then badly damaged by fires and storms so there is little left now.
You can certainly see France from Dover. I was once on a visit to Dover Castle with some friends. One of my mates got a text. He looked at it and said "Bastards!". The text was from his service provider saying 'welcome to France', lol.
Many people have run up roaming charges in that area. I think steps have been taken to prevent it happening;l
If you go down the cliff raod at St Margerets Bay to the pub at the bottom the only signal you will get is from France. Happens every time but I do like the Coastguard pub there
Since the Reformation the Archbishop of Canterbury has not been catholic, but rather the head of the church of England, which is Episcopalian Protestant.
Quality reaction as always👍 and FUN too🤗 Thanks You !! I love the way you keep it light-hearted but still informative and interesting ✨
Loved that, thanks Connor. I don't think we appreciate quite how much history this little group of islands has. If Rick Steve has a video on the far west of England, Cornwall and Devon ,
I would love you to react to it. Beautiful villages, sandy beaches, cream teas, Cornish pasties and tales of smugglers! What more could you want😀
The UK’s not little, in fact the UK is bigger than Romania, which is described as a ‘large country in Eastern Europe’ by Rick Steves in another video.
@@pershorefoodbanktrusselltr3632 depends which country you are comparing it to. It's definitely little compared to the USA.
Its great that you ask questions, its how, we learn...
At that time, the battle (wherever it specifically took place) was on the edge of a vast forest that covered most of southern England, called Andredswald. There are bits of it left today in what are mostly protected Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, such as The Weald (being Saxon for “forest”).
George IV , or Prince Regent, is the character played by Hugh Laurie in Blackadder series 3
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the leader if you will of the Church of England.
With KIng Charles III being the supreme governor
In the Maritime Museum is Nelsons actual uniform worn at the Battle of Trafalgar and at the top left shoulder is a hole where the musket ball entered to shatter Nelson's spine .Photographs can't be taken but i do have a postcard and a piece of wood taken from Victory during restoration work along with a coin which can be obtained at low cost i believe. Only the third gun deck is original i believe which is clear to see in Portsmouth .There is also a piece of mast with a large hole in it made by a cannon ball on show and in a building close by the actual sail of Victory kept in the correct conditions which from memory is behind glass i believe.
There is an old joke about the brass plaque on the deck showing where Nelson fell. A visiting tourist says "I'm not surprised he fell there, I tripped over the bloody thing as well."
I live on the outskirts of Portsmouth, in a town called Havant, and it's videos like these that remind me how little of my own country I've explored and appreciated.
Calais view in the video...from the top of the cliffs, using a camera lens, on a sunny clear day.
Warrior & Victory are so interesting to look round & the remains of Mary Rose & it's artifacts are very moving because so many men went down with her.
You remind me so much of my son about the funfair rides - when he was about 11 he & his sister went to get on a small "corkscrew" ride ... and we then saw her sitting next to a teenage lad with a multi coloured Mohican as the ride started - our son had come straight off the ride as he was feeling sick at the thought of it! He's 22 now & still a bit wary of those rides!!
I live in on rhe South East Coast....this is all my home...on a clear day i can see France very clearly. Its only 23 miles and its open water so yes its easy to see....😀 i work in Canterbury and have for years...i work next door to the Cathedral at the University so i go through a tiny gate in the main Buttermarket Gate, through the cathedral...and out the otherside...i always think how lucky i am to work in such a glorious place.
Hi Connor, William of Orange did not invade the UK. He was invited to be Monarch of our country by virtue of the 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688, by the British powers that be at the time. He did not invade, so much as sail down the south coast of Britain where he landed at Brixham in Devon. He then marched onto London and was feted and applauded all the way. No invasion my friend...he arrived very gently and with a lot of good manners.
I love his casual front lay at the beginning of the video🤣
Brass plaque inscribed "Here Nelson fell"....
When it's pointed out, one visitor to HMS Victory allegedly remarked "I'm not surprised. I damn near tripped over the thing, myself." 😁 (An old joke I once actually got the chance to use as well... so of course couldn't resist doing so)
It used to be on a small plinth years ago , although it looks flush with the deck now .
The equestrian term 'canter' for a horse's pace between a 'trot' and a 'gallop' comes from the name of Canterbury. It was the comfortable pace for the significant numbers of pilgrims to travel down to Canterbury on horseback.
Yes you can see France quite clearly on a clear Summers day, I know I’ve been on the ferry to France 20+ times.
That was fun! I'm also fascinated by naval warfare and wonder if you've seen the film 'Master and Commander'. Not suggesting that you react to it, but you'd like it - amazing reconstruction of Nelson-era English ships and realistic naval battles like in no other film before or since.
From the South Foreland cliff, near Dover, Cap Gris Nez, near Calais is clearly visible on a bright day. It's about 20 miles across the Channel at that point and is often the starting point for cross-channel swimmers.
To me the depth of history in England is a constant joy. Next trip we are going to stay in the Bishop's Wardrobe in Salisbury, in March- really looking forward to it.
I saw the victory up close. but I never had the fee to go on board her. and what a magnificent ship she is. you got to see her with your own eyes to admire her beauty. If I had one wish to go on a ship that would be it. from 🇬🇧 👍👍 an old cockney gal
I live in Gillingham, on the River Medway. It was here, in Chatham Dockyard, that HMS Victory was built. She was laid down in 1759, and launched in 1765. She fought in the American Revolutionary War, long before Trafalgar. You were asking about the chalk? The White Cliffs of Dover and Beachy Head mentioned in the video are separate areas of chalk. There are two main swathes of chalking running under much of Southern England. The northern one, of which Gillingham is on the Northern slope, is called the North Downs, and sweeps past Canterbury down to Dover. The other, the South Downs passes north of Brighton and ends at the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head. Both these chalk beds once carried on and linked up were the Cliffs are in France, but were swept away as Britain emerged from the last Ice Age and the rising seas burst through to link the North Sea with the English Channel and the Atlantic.
Sea Fishing is one of the most popular outdoor hobbies in the UK if not the most popular. And yes a big part of that is digging worms in the morning to use as bait. Lots of people also like to go crabbing, and gather shellfish in the rockpools when the tides out, or looking for fossils. Some of the UKs south coast off the Isle of Wight is the best place in the world to find fossil remains. Its a blue slipper clay beach that has preserved everything that died in the clay for tens of millions of years.
Haha! Love your shock when you realise that France really is THAT close to England. And you'll notice at 6:40 that the coast of France has white chalk cliffs too- showing they were once connected.
I feel your pain about roller coasters. Last time I was on Brighton pier (about 25 years ago!) I ended up throwing up into a bin after one of the rides! the railings were too high to do it over the top and into the sea!
Thank god I’m not alone
Just to confirm British people are not happy that the French invaded. The exact opposite.
I am proud to be Portsmouth born and bred, and have spent nearly 32 years working in various capacities on HMS Warrior, as tour guide, shipkeeper and tour guide again..... this is a pretty good video and does credit to my part of the world... Believe me, biased I may be, but dear old Pompey is definitely worth a visit!!
HMS Warrior was restored by the craftsmen of my hometown of Hartlepool. I can remember when it was brought into Hartlepool docks in 1979 and left in 1987
Many years ago I was in Dover prison doing a 9 month sentence, my cell window was facing out over the channel. I could see France nearly everyday when the sky was clear. Was the best view of the whole of Dover and channel as I was so high up inside the old fort. Lots of history in that old fort that was turned into a prison. It was like doing a prison sentence in an historic castle fort, I loved it. I also live in the village in Kent where Nelson used to live and have his house. Our road is called Trafalgar close.
That must've been the borstal/young offenders place on the Western Heights, yes. I've lived in Folkestone all my 52years and cannot remember there ever being an actual prison at Dover.
Hundreds of millions of years ago the UK was much further south and those cliffs were underwater. A clifftop in Brixham, Devon, SW England was once under a tropical sea. The UK was pushed north and the sea bed raised into cliffs, exposing the chalk beds of old marine animals, and shellfish. The NW of Scotland was once connected to Newfoundland or thereabouts. Further along the south coast, there are the Jurassic cliffs from the dinosaur period where many marine dinosaurs and countless fossils predating them have been found.
You can see France from the beach at St Margaret's Bay near Dover. You don't have to be high up on a cliff. Using a pair of binoculars it is possible to see the time on the clock tower of Calais Town Hall. Remember though that France is one hour ahead of UK time. If you raise your head and look upwards you can even see the sun from here on a clear day, and that's 93 million miles away!!!
It’s definitely France 😂 If you’re on the south coast you can pick up French radio stations and phone networks.
I don't know if they still can but I know that years ago the Dutch could pick up our BBC TV channels. License free of course.
Weather forecast on radio for shipping each day will say maximum visibility,most I've heard is 40 miles,on a clean day obviously.
I was in Dover this evening and the lights were twinkling over the French coastline. I remember back in the 1980s you could even hear the French fog horns and see the French lighthouse lights .
It's good to know that the Normans weren't French, but Vikings.
Loved your "no spinning ride" monologue :-)
Hay Conner it's good to have memories like that. I used to do rock pools. Quite surprised what you can find. and it's fun to. from 🇬🇧👍👍 an old cockney gal
Yes, it was William of Orange, along with his wife Mary, who was James II's daughter. The chalk lands extend as far north as Cambridgeshire. Unsurprisingly, the Pas de Calais is also chalk.
Loving this series, is the UK one of the most beautiful places on earth, so far every corner is full of hikes, pubs, castles, farms, history and awesome scenery
I live in Dover, in fact in a seafront flat. You certainly can see the coast of France from Dover on a clear day. The clock tower in Calais can be seen on a very clear day if you have good eyesight. During WW2 Dover was shelled by German artillery from France and was described as Hellfire Corner. While the King stayed in London and visited the East End during the Blitz, Dover was considered too dangerous for him to come here. My 92 year old father lived in Dover during WW2 when his mother refused to evacuate him saying ‘if we are going to die, then we will die together’. He has many tales of the Battle of Britain that raged in the skies over Dover.
Yes, the cliffs at Dover are high enough so that on a good day you can see France across the channel. The straits of Dover is where the Channel is at its narrowest. The chalk extends way inland covering most of the eastern two-thirds of southern England. At the western end it starts out, spreading across a huge, largely treeless area known as Salisbury Plain. It then runs eastwards across southern England. It turns northwards up through East Anglia (the big bulge on the eastern side of the country). It dips down under The Wash, the notch at the top of the bulge. North of The Wash, it then continues nortwards until it finally gives way about two thirds up the eastern side of England. Chalk is a very rare form of rock in the world. Almost all of it lies in southern and eastern England, with a smaller band running up the northern coast of Europe.
Yes on a good day I can see France buddy
My grandmother was born on Gosport, grandad in London and my mom in Plymouth. My grandad was in the Royal Navy so they moved around a bit. I’ve been to England twice and had a ride on the hovercraft from Dover to Calais France. I went to many places in England to visit family and the rest of Europe just to travel.
If you have a thing about Nelson and the Victory, then when you come over again, you should check out the birth place of the Victory, the Historic Dockyard at Chatham, Kent. It's about 35mile SE of London, an hour on the train.
There are loads of historic naval ships, a Submarine, Lifeboat museum, all the different areas showing what they made in the workshops. And the oldest working ropery, that still rigs the Victory, and the Cutty Sark in London, of all their ropes, rigging and cables. As well all of the Pirates of the Caribbean ships.
And just along the road is the Napoleonic defence fort, Fort Amherst, complete with tunnels and battlements.
Was on an outing with friends to France via ferry, the sea was like a mill pond, still some passengers were seasick, and you could see England and France, clear as day, during the entire crossing, there and back, that was in December.
Yes you can see France from Dover.
That's also how Kenneth Branagh's character in DUNKIRK tells his fellow officer "you can almost see it (England/home) from here." Dunkirk is close to Calais, which is right across Dover at the English Channel.
I've known this part of the coast for a very long time; these cliffs are the 'Seven Sisters' of which Beachy Head is the most famous because of it being the highest chalk cliff in Britain, the lighthouses, the unfortunate reputation for attracting suicides and to a much lesser extent the battle against the Dutch in the 1650s (we lost).
Fantastic video and great reaction 🙌
William of Orange was invited!
The archbishops in uk are of the church of England, it doesn't report to Rome as its not Catholic. We have Catholic priests and Catholic representatives of the Vatican but if you hear about bishops, archbishops etc in England... They're geberally C of E
Can't find a clip but isn't there a scene near the beginning of the movie The Battle of Britain, which you've seen? You may have just watched clips, were Goring and Kesselring are on the French side of the Channel coast looking at England?
Finding the film for free on YT (No subtitles for the German sections) it was Smiling Albert Kesselring at 22 minutes.
Nice to see a local video. I live just outside of Battle, as in the Battle of Hastings 1066.
The chalk goes at least up to the north downs in surrey I think. Grew up in Croydon on the outskirts of south London & we would drive there on the weekend for walks, remember finding lots of pieces of chalk & flint as a kid.
Dover cliffs are over 100 feet in Height & that provides great views of the French coast, particularly at night.
Rick Steves does a great job in sharing information about the places he visits. That was really interesting.
I love how these programs always feature, Hastings, Battle and Brighton but never Eastbourne. You can climb to or drive to Beachy Head from Eastbourne, a much nicer seaside town. A bit smaller maybe than Brighton but I think a nicer place to visit. Yes I do live here - don't forget to visit us too on your trip round the South Coast.
Eastbourne?
I live about 45 miles from Dover. During WW2 our town was shelled by the Germans. Not bombed but shelled by cannon.
You have to remember that our roads and houses have been around for 100's of years and you can't just knock down house to widen roads. Cars have only been popular since 1920's.
England is generally clearer from France than France from England. The cliffs at Dover are higher, whiter and reflect the sun with their southerly aspect. The chalk hills at Dover are the end of a chain known as the North Downs which extend west eventually to the plateau of Salisbury Plain. They have a south facing scarp slope with an anticline dip slope forming the bedrock of the Thames Valley. West of Dover near Brighton are the Seven Sisters cliffs including Beachy Head. These are the South Downs which run West to Winchester and on to to Wiltshire Pain. Their scarp slope faces north and their dip slope south and under the channel. Between the North and South Downs is the Weald of Sussex and Kent.
If you get a map of Britain and draw a line from the mouth of the river Exe in Devon to the mouth of the river Tees in the northeast, then all to the right of this line is chalk (but not solid chalk). To the left has no chalk. For other chalk carvings check out the white horse at Uffington and the Cerne Abbis giant in Dorset: the male member is not to scale- an England gentlemen's is larger!
London is built on a clay basin, but the clay lies on a bed of chalk. There are massive chalk caverns that provide a water supply to eastern London. Sometimes people go exploring there, and end up drowned by the tide.
Before the advent of the train ,it was often quicker to go round the coast by boat.
.Places on the coast would make things easier for sea travellers by building out these long piers, stretching from the land out into the deep water.
Although they are now used for pleasure purposes and to walk out further and view the sea ,the original use was to allow large passenger carrying boats to come alongside in the deep water and allow the passengers to disembark, then walk to the town .
Yes you see the chalk within the area they describe from the Downs through to flatlands near by.
Regarding how far inland the chalk goes; Lewes, county town of Sussex, is less than 15 miles from the coast and has several old chalk quarries. The town I live in is 8 miles further inland from Lewes and we’re on sandstone and clay. No chalk to be found.
But of course it’s not a straight line; several areas in Ashdown Forest (where Winnie the Poo was based and written) are sitting on chalk, while other parts of the forest are on mixed chalk and sandstone.
I currently live in Brighton, grew up in a village near Battle. I probably take it for granted but it really is a pretty part of the world.
The chalk runs in ridges. The Dover bit is the end of the North Downs and runs just south of London. The south Downs run from Eastbourne, west for around 100 miles.
The horizon at sea level is about 12 miles, but if you are 300ft above sea level in Dover Castle, that horizon extends, so yes the French coast is clearly visible on a clear day.
Most of Europe was built well before motor cars, whereas most of the US was built after the advent of cars.
Some of our old cathedrals are just amazing pieces of architecture. No one could afford to build them today.
If you come to the UK, Battle is a good place to visit and get some atmosphere of the battleground. William was of Danish descent, so the Vikings still succeeded in the end and got the crown back (after Cnut the Great).
Brighton is my local city now, so know it really well. The i360 on the pole is known as the "donut"! Nice Italian restaurant next to the Pavilion called Al Duomo. Some really good pubs and eateries all over though. The South Downs are now a National Park, so protected from development.
That cannon on HMS Warrior is indeed a breech loader.
East Dean is not a "hamlet", it's a fully fledged village with the 'Tiger' pub, church, village hall, cricket ground, Thai restaurant, delicatessen, general shop/post office and a population of almost 1,700.
Connor you can see France across the English Channel and you can also see the coast of Scotland from parts of the North Antrim Coast in Northern Ireland. Its about the same distance.
Ships used to have forges and blacksmiths on board so a small stove in the cabin was no big deal.
I live on the south coast of England in Sussex.
Yes you can see France on a clear day, but if its foggy "the Continent is cut off"😂
Best headline ever! "Fog in Channel, Europe isolated"
Its chalk because millions of years ago it was underwater. The bottom of the sea was a white mud mainly made of debris from algae and shells. So as the once underwater land became the surface, the ground was made of the stuff which is essentially chalk. Something like that
My grandmother lived by beachy head. We scattered her ashes off the cliff there as she loved that spot
Those chalk cliffs are the skeletons of trillions of tiny sea-creatures (diatoms?). Over hundreds of millions of years they formed a layer of chalk on the sea bed, Which was raised by geological forces to form what is now the land. And they do extend to France, too. The Channel being carved quite recently (geologically speaking) by melting glaciers at the end of the last ice age
Lots of places in centre of towns in Europe including England are designated as pedestrian only areas where the only traffic allowed are people on foot.
I live in Dover and, yes, you can see France from the cliffs.
Young Aristocrats for example, after finishing University, used to go on 'The Grand Tour' as a sort of rite of passage, spending however long they liked travelling around 'The Continent' to many parts of Europe and, sometimes, beyond - often ending up in Greece. When they came home, enthused by what they'd seen, they would often build 'follies' on their Estates to mark their trip. If, when you come here, you decide to visit the Great Houses you will see many examples of these 'follies' - well, everywhere, within their acres!
BTW I'm with you with the fun fairs. Feet on the ground, watching the bags is my job. I know 'it's a small world ......' quite well !!!
The beaches of south-east England are rich in shellfood. I often dig razor-clams, and catch shrimp in my nets...then boil them on a portable gas hob and eat them hot and fresh with lemon and buttered bread. Delicious.. We also have crab, cockles, mussels, winkles and samphire as a salad vegetable to go with any shellfoods.
When I was young, long ago, we were told never to eat the shellfish because of all the sewage going into the sea. Joining the EU changed that almost immediately.
My childhood was going on holiday to Mudeford in Dorset and the highlight was always crab fishing ... but we would throw them back, not cook them.
William the Conqurer didn't set his sights on the White Cliffs of Dover. He took the longer route to Pevensey/Hastings and the Romans landed at Pegwell Bay in Thanet, Kent
Hi Connor. I’m no geologist but I believe there is a seam of chalk extending up to the north of England on the eastern coast. You absolutely can see the chalk veins at low tide on the banks of the Thames river in central London. I’d send you a picture if I could 😊.
Nice video. I’m a south eastern resident and know all these places very well
The impact of the Stamford Bridge battle and the Hastings battle cannot be underestimated. Without those, England would be a cross between Holland and Denmark.
Hey dude, I live 4 miles from Brighton, and drive to Portsmouth twice a week!
There is a video of the Victory giving a broadside on RUclips, I saw it a few weeks back, I think you’ll like it Connor.
It is an important question Connor, chalk was laid down in warm shallow seas, to quote - Most chalks formed during the Cretaceous period, between 100 and 60 million years ago, and chalks of this age can be found around the world. The Cretaceous chalks record a period when global temperatures and sea levels were exceptionally high. Much of the chalkland in southern part of England stretch into Lincolnshire and only where removed by later glacial action it reveals the various rock formations below, such as limestone and sandstone, but in Cornwall we find the much older harder granite. In the meantime, by the action of a once separate continent, India, which by movement of tectonic plates moved northwards and doing a wee bit of a crash into Asia formed the Alps and Himalayas and ruckled everything north of that pushing up the chalk and underlying rock below it into a massive dome perhaps 3 plus thousand feet high and thus in turn by glacial action (and working from the top of course) the older rocks below were revealed (in Sussex in the Weald between the North and South Downs). The English Channel was formed by a geological fault which was initially a great river. Complicated by sinking tectonic plates, hence early beaches 250 feet in the chalk above Portsmouth! Geology can get very complicated so regard this as simply a quick potted history!
Yes Frank, you saved me some explaining. the chalk extends SE to the Champagne region of France.
@@russcattell955i Yes, thanks for reminding me. I find it quite amazing the area covered by the those seas in the Cretaceous period and how small were those creatures, I quote a source " . . and named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates, principally coccoliths), found in the upper Cretaceous of Western Europe". Most sources speak of shallow warm inland seas where the deposits were laid down. Layers of flints are included. As it (the chalk) compacted, it squeezed out the seawater containing dissolved quartz, or silica (which comes from the skeletons of tiny sponges, a very simple animal).This silica was pushed out into gaps, cracks and burrows in the chalky mud to form nodules or layers of flint. These flints have a white outer layer (cortex), and are black inside. They can come in very complicated, bulging shapes, or with spikes, holes and cavities. It really is most fascinating.
No one has mentioned the large stones of flint that are found in the chalk - how were they formed? So useful for making arrowheads etc.
@@ollielowe7534 Where the dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulphide meet, acidic conditions are generated, carbonate is dissolved and silica precipitated to form flint. The silica that formed the flint derives from silica fixed in the skeletal structure of many marine organisms such as sponges. And as I said previously this occurring in warm seas.
On clear days with an uninterrupted line of sight, anybody can see about 35 to 40 miles in distance and if there is nothing to give a sense of scale, in between. The distance seems to be much closer. The river Thames is about 700 yards wide in East London but it seems as if it is only 100 yards. Across flat open water everything looks as if it is 5 or 6 times closer.
My neck of the woods , great video Connor
I am celtic. Iv lived in Britain all my life and my family goes back a few thousand years. And no you can't see France clearly even on a good day. It just looks like a grey line in the distance. There is 24 miles of water. And rough water between Europe and the UK!! Xxx