Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees.[1][2] Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primarily floral nectar) or the secretions of other insects, like the honeydew of aphids. This refinement takes place both within individual bees, through regurgitation and enzymatic activity, and during storage in the hive, through water evaporation that concentrates the honey's sugars until it is thick and viscous. Honey bees stockpile honey in the hive. Within the hive is a structure made from wax called honeycomb. The honeycomb is made up of hundreds or thousands of hexagonal cells, into which the bees regurgitate honey for storage. Other honey-producing species of bee store the substance in different structures, such as the pots made of wax and resin used by the stingless bee.[1][2][3] Honey for human consumption is collected from wild bee colonies, or from the hives of domesticated bees. The honey produced by honey bees is the most familiar to humans, thanks to its worldwide commercial production and availability.[4] The husbandry of bees is known as beekeeping or apiculture, with the cultivation of stingless bees usually referred to as meliponiculture. Honey is sweet because of its high concentrations of the monosaccharides fructose and glucose. It has about the same relative sweetness as sucrose (table sugar).[5][6] One standard tablespoon (15 mL) of honey provides around 190 kilojoules (46 kilocalories) of food energy.[7] It has attractive chemical properties for baking and a distinctive flavor when used as a sweetener.[5] Most microorganisms cannot grow in honey and sealed honey therefore does not spoil. Samples of honey discovered in archaeological contexts have proven edible even after millennia.[8][9] French honey from different floral sources, with visible differences in color and texture Honey use and production has a long and varied history, with its beginnings in prehistoric times. Several cave paintings in Cuevas de la Araña in Spain depict humans foraging for honey at least 8,000 years ago.[10][11] While Apis mellifera is an Old World insect, large-scale meliponiculture of New World stingless bees has been practiced by Mayans since pre-Columbian times.[2][12]
Honey is produced by bees who have collected nectar or honeydew. Bees value honey for its sugars, which they consume to support general metabolic activity, especially that of their flight muscles during foraging, and as a food for their larvae. To this end bees stockpile honey to provide for themselves during ordinary foraging as well as during lean periods, as in overwintering.[13][14] During foraging bees use part of the nectar they collect to power their flight muscles. The majority of nectar collected is not used to directly nourish the insects but is instead destined for regurgitation, enzymatic digestion, and finally long-term storage as honey.[13][15] During cold weather or when other food sources are scarce, adult and larval bees consume stored honey, which is many times as energy-dense as the nectar from which it is made.[14] After leaving the hive a foraging bee collects sugar-rich nectar or honeydew. Nectar from the flower generally has a water content of 70 to 80% and is much less viscous than finished honey, which usually has a water content around 18%.[16][17] The water content of honeydew from aphids and other true bugs is generally very close to the sap on which those insects feed and is usually somewhat more dilute than nectar. One source describes the water content of honeydew as around 89%.[18] Whether it is feeding on nectar or honeydew, the bee sucks these runny fluids through its proboscis, which delivers the liquid to the bee's honey stomach or "honey crop".[15] This cavity lies just above its food stomach, the latter of which digests pollen and sugars consumed by an individual honey bee for its own nourishment. In Apis mellifera the honey stomach holds about 40 mg of liquid. This is about half the weight of an unladen bee. Collecting this quantity in nectar can require visits to more than a thousand flowers. When nectar is plentiful it can take a bee more than an hour of ceaseless work to collect enough nectar to fill its honey crop. Salivary enzymes and proteins from the bee's hypopharyngeal gland are secreted into the nectar once it is in the bee's honey stomach. These substances begin cleaving complex sugars like sucrose and starches into simpler sugars such as glucose and fructose. This process slightly raises the water content and the acidity of the partially digested nectar.[13][19] Once filled, the forager bees return to the hive. There they regurgitate and transfer nectar to hive bees. Once in their own honey stomachs the hive bees regurgitate the nectar, repeatedly forming bubbles between their mandibles, speeding its digestion and concentration. These bubbles create a large surface area per volume and by this means the bees evaporate a portion of the nectar's water into the warm air of the hive.[13][15][20] Hive bees form honey processing groups. These groups work in relay, with one bee subjecting the processed nectar to bubbling and then passing the refined liquid on to others. It can take as long as 20 minutes of continuous regurgitation, digestion and evaporation until the product reaches storage quality.[15] The new honey is then placed in honeycomb cells, which are left uncapped. This honey still has a very high water content, up to 70%, depending on the concentration of nectar gathered. At this stage of its refinement the water content of the honey is high enough that ubiquitous yeast spores can reproduce in it, a process which, if left unchecked, would rapidly consume the new honey's sugars.[21] To combat this, bees use an ability rare among insects: the endogenous generation of heat. Bees are among the few insects that can create large amounts of body heat. They use this ability to produce a constant ambient temperature in their hives. Hive temperatures are usually around 35 °C (95 °F) in the honey-storage areas. This temperature is regulated either by generating heat with their bodies or removing it through water evaporation. The evaporation removes water from the stored honey, drawing heat from the colony. The bees use their wings to govern hive cooling. Coordinated wing beating moves air across the wet honey, drawing out water and heat. Ventilation of the hive eventually expels both excess water and heat into the outside world. The process of evaporating continues until the honey reaches its final water content of between 15.5% to 18%.[16] This concentrates the sugars far beyond the saturation point of water, which is to say there is far more sugar dissolved in what little water remains in honey than ever could be dissolved in an equivalent volume of water. Honey, even at hive temperatures, is therefore a supercooled solution of various sugars in water. These concentrations of sugar can only be achieved near room temperature by evaporation of a less concentrated solution, in this case nectar. For osmotic reasons such high concentrations of sugar are extremely unfavorable to microbiological reproduction and all fermentation is consequently halted.[14][15] The bees then cap the cells of finished honey with wax. This seals them from contamination and prevents further evaporation.[15] So long as its water concentration does not rise much above 18%, honey has an indefinite shelf life, both within the hive and after its removal by a beekeeper.[14]
Beautiful. Even the cosmetics given to the classes is perfect, giving them a unique feel. It feels like it would be something in universe for this game and that’s the biggest compliment I can give.
Now we actually need to see a full film of this. 0:06 - Also seriously can someone finally fix that goddamn door! 1:38 - This is fine. 1:56 - hazmats and Peter Griffin.
If we get Guts & Colors, then I'm playing this. It'd be sick and fun. The name I thought of is apparently a combination of Guts & Blackpowder + Typical Colors 2
@@EngyneMac speaking of left 2 die, have you ever seen the "cold front" custom campaign by jaiz? the first chapter is a recreation of the only completed campaign level of l2d
As a l4d2 player, You chose the characters whose personalities fit almost perfectly with those of the survivors, Nick as Mechanic, Rochelle as agent (the only woman there lol), Coach as Brute and Ellis as Flanker, you deserve the entire burger tank menu
You can tell the work and passion in this animation. Especially on the face expression of coach on the last frame when they are going up the stairs, such a nice detail. I used to play guts and blackpowder recently, and I am currently in love with all things zombie and left for dead related. Im so happy I came by this animation. I was wondering "Man the l4d2 intro is so cool there's got to be another animation like this," and boom here we are. Amazing video, amazing franchise
This is actually so fuckin amazing! if they ever consider making update trailers or teasers or whatever for TC2 they should get you to be the animator for them, your so good!
MAH FRIENDS CALL MEH BRUTE! DUDE THIS IS JUST LIKE TYPICAL COLORS 2! Flanker? my favorite part about your stories is the sound they make when they *S T O P*
@@TF_Dennis2094 My name is Flanker, but, uh, some people call me Flank, but I prefer Flanker cuz Flank sounds like a girl's name, but if you want to call me Flank, you can :P
I have a feeling this would be made as a game and more characters would be added like marksman being like Louis and anni being Francis and btw this Is so fire asf nice one bro 🙏
Its just like cinematic trailer, as a l4d veteran this is a banger, this is a masterpeice i enjoyed it, you did a very good job on and i would love to see more l4d typical colors remakes 🙏❤
The only thing that i dont like is the fact that the engineer is nick, if it was the sniper i think it was to going to fit more, but after all, amazing animation! I really liked it.
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees.[1][2] Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primarily floral nectar) or the secretions of other insects, like the honeydew of aphids. This refinement takes place both within individual bees, through regurgitation and enzymatic activity, and during storage in the hive, through water evaporation that concentrates the honey's sugars until it is thick and viscous.
Honey bees stockpile honey in the hive. Within the hive is a structure made from wax called honeycomb. The honeycomb is made up of hundreds or thousands of hexagonal cells, into which the bees regurgitate honey for storage. Other honey-producing species of bee store the substance in different structures, such as the pots made of wax and resin used by the stingless bee.[1][2][3]
Honey for human consumption is collected from wild bee colonies, or from the hives of domesticated bees. The honey produced by honey bees is the most familiar to humans, thanks to its worldwide commercial production and availability.[4] The husbandry of bees is known as beekeeping or apiculture, with the cultivation of stingless bees usually referred to as meliponiculture.
Honey is sweet because of its high concentrations of the monosaccharides fructose and glucose. It has about the same relative sweetness as sucrose (table sugar).[5][6] One standard tablespoon (15 mL) of honey provides around 190 kilojoules (46 kilocalories) of food energy.[7] It has attractive chemical properties for baking and a distinctive flavor when used as a sweetener.[5] Most microorganisms cannot grow in honey and sealed honey therefore does not spoil. Samples of honey discovered in archaeological contexts have proven edible even after millennia.[8][9]
French honey from different floral sources, with visible differences in color and texture
Honey use and production has a long and varied history, with its beginnings in prehistoric times. Several cave paintings in Cuevas de la Araña in Spain depict humans foraging for honey at least 8,000 years ago.[10][11] While Apis mellifera is an Old World insect, large-scale meliponiculture of New World stingless bees has been practiced by Mayans since pre-Columbian times.[2][12]
Honey is produced by bees who have collected nectar or honeydew. Bees value honey for its sugars, which they consume to support general metabolic activity, especially that of their flight muscles during foraging, and as a food for their larvae. To this end bees stockpile honey to provide for themselves during ordinary foraging as well as during lean periods, as in overwintering.[13][14] During foraging bees use part of the nectar they collect to power their flight muscles. The majority of nectar collected is not used to directly nourish the insects but is instead destined for regurgitation, enzymatic digestion, and finally long-term storage as honey.[13][15] During cold weather or when other food sources are scarce, adult and larval bees consume stored honey, which is many times as energy-dense as the nectar from which it is made.[14]
After leaving the hive a foraging bee collects sugar-rich nectar or honeydew. Nectar from the flower generally has a water content of 70 to 80% and is much less viscous than finished honey, which usually has a water content around 18%.[16][17] The water content of honeydew from aphids and other true bugs is generally very close to the sap on which those insects feed and is usually somewhat more dilute than nectar. One source describes the water content of honeydew as around 89%.[18] Whether it is feeding on nectar or honeydew, the bee sucks these runny fluids through its proboscis, which delivers the liquid to the bee's honey stomach or "honey crop".[15] This cavity lies just above its food stomach, the latter of which digests pollen and sugars consumed by an individual honey bee for its own nourishment.
In Apis mellifera the honey stomach holds about 40 mg of liquid. This is about half the weight of an unladen bee. Collecting this quantity in nectar can require visits to more than a thousand flowers. When nectar is plentiful it can take a bee more than an hour of ceaseless work to collect enough nectar to fill its honey crop. Salivary enzymes and proteins from the bee's hypopharyngeal gland are secreted into the nectar once it is in the bee's honey stomach. These substances begin cleaving complex sugars like sucrose and starches into simpler sugars such as glucose and fructose. This process slightly raises the water content and the acidity of the partially digested nectar.[13][19]
Once filled, the forager bees return to the hive. There they regurgitate and transfer nectar to hive bees. Once in their own honey stomachs the hive bees regurgitate the nectar, repeatedly forming bubbles between their mandibles, speeding its digestion and concentration. These bubbles create a large surface area per volume and by this means the bees evaporate a portion of the nectar's water into the warm air of the hive.[13][15][20]
Hive bees form honey processing groups. These groups work in relay, with one bee subjecting the processed nectar to bubbling and then passing the refined liquid on to others. It can take as long as 20 minutes of continuous regurgitation, digestion and evaporation until the product reaches storage quality.[15] The new honey is then placed in honeycomb cells, which are left uncapped. This honey still has a very high water content, up to 70%, depending on the concentration of nectar gathered. At this stage of its refinement the water content of the honey is high enough that ubiquitous yeast spores can reproduce in it, a process which, if left unchecked, would rapidly consume the new honey's sugars.[21] To combat this, bees use an ability rare among insects: the endogenous generation of heat.
Bees are among the few insects that can create large amounts of body heat. They use this ability to produce a constant ambient temperature in their hives. Hive temperatures are usually around 35 °C (95 °F) in the honey-storage areas. This temperature is regulated either by generating heat with their bodies or removing it through water evaporation. The evaporation removes water from the stored honey, drawing heat from the colony. The bees use their wings to govern hive cooling. Coordinated wing beating moves air across the wet honey, drawing out water and heat. Ventilation of the hive eventually expels both excess water and heat into the outside world.
The process of evaporating continues until the honey reaches its final water content of between 15.5% to 18%.[16] This concentrates the sugars far beyond the saturation point of water, which is to say there is far more sugar dissolved in what little water remains in honey than ever could be dissolved in an equivalent volume of water. Honey, even at hive temperatures, is therefore a supercooled solution of various sugars in water. These concentrations of sugar can only be achieved near room temperature by evaporation of a less concentrated solution, in this case nectar. For osmotic reasons such high concentrations of sugar are extremely unfavorable to microbiological reproduction and all fermentation is consequently halted.[14][15] The bees then cap the cells of finished honey with wax. This seals them from contamination and prevents further evaporation.[15]
So long as its water concentration does not rise much above 18%, honey has an indefinite shelf life, both within the hive and after its removal by a beekeeper.[14]
recite your sources dude
Why are there cite numbers bro
Can’t believe people find copy and pasted bee facts funny and worthy of being the top comment
Useless knowledge I don’t need right now!
Beautiful. Even the cosmetics given to the classes is perfect, giving them a unique feel. It feels like it would be something in universe for this game and that’s the biggest compliment I can give.
Tc2 wiki commented real 😭🙏🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Real
Real😮
Real
Pls add zombie mode T-T
Quitted TC2, played alot of L4D2, and then bumped into this MASTERPIECE, i genuinely can't be happier. Great work Dennis
Now we actually need to see a full film of this.
0:06 - Also seriously can someone finally fix that goddamn door!
1:38 - This is fine.
1:56 - hazmats and Peter Griffin.
𝙔𝙤𝙪'𝙡𝙡 𝙜𝙚𝙩 𝙮𝙤𝙪𝙧 𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙣 𝙮𝙤𝙪 𝙛𝙞𝙭 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙖𝙢𝙣 𝙙𝙤𝙤𝙧!
@@TF_Dennis2094lol Spider-Man 3 reference
The type of TC2 Movies we never knew we deserved but needed Good Job man
2:20 damn the brickbattler r6 zombie got me
If we get Guts & Colors, then I'm playing this. It'd be sick and fun. The name I thought of is apparently a combination of Guts & Blackpowder + Typical Colors 2
oooooooh
I like that the Guts and Blackpowder devs originally worked on Left 2 Die, a recreation of L4D in roblox.
@@EngyneMac speaking of left 2 die, have you ever seen the "cold front" custom campaign by jaiz? the first chapter is a recreation of the only completed campaign level of l2d
guts & blots
As a l4d2 player, You chose the characters whose personalities fit almost perfectly with those of the survivors, Nick as Mechanic, Rochelle as agent (the only woman there lol), Coach as Brute and Ellis as Flanker, you deserve the entire burger tank menu
i could go for a......
barbeque bacon burger, with a large order of fries, an orange soda with no ice and a piece of hAWT APPLE PIE!
@@TF_Dennis2094 god damn i miss burger tank
@@TF_Dennis2094naw no burgers, maybe just get to the helicopter.... Maybe it's made of chocolate 😂
Oh my God dude that was so good holy shit very well animation spot on and everything, I love it ❤
Jesus you really outdid yourself with this one keep it up if you were to make a tc2 left 4 dead movie I would 100% watch it through
You can tell the work and passion in this animation. Especially on the face expression of coach on the last frame when they are going up the stairs, such a nice detail. I used to play guts and blackpowder recently, and I am currently in love with all things zombie and left for dead related. Im so happy I came by this animation. I was wondering "Man the l4d2 intro is so cool there's got to be another animation like this," and boom here we are. Amazing video, amazing franchise
This is top tier. Honestly the voices of the L4D2 characters sound pretty fitting for the TC2 characters that were presented.
I LIKE THIS DUDE!
not only is l4d2 my favorite game, but i like tc2 too!
so you just did some witchery and mixed them together!
This is actually so fuckin amazing! if they ever consider making update trailers or teasers or whatever for TC2 they should get you to be the animator for them, your so good!
thanks, buuuut i think i'll just stick to being a fan animator
This is the perfect and the best collab I LOVE IT! (love your animation btw) ps:(good to see the tc2 and the l4d2 communtiy untie.
Dennis has found: Genuine Bloxy Award!
He deserves the collectors
@@RACP_XD i think that would be very hard because im not getting 5 strange bloxies for a collectors
MAH FRIENDS CALL MEH BRUTE! DUDE THIS IS JUST LIKE TYPICAL COLORS 2! Flanker? my favorite part about your stories is the sound they make when they *S T O P*
mAh FrIeNdS cAlL mE bRuTe :D
@@TF_Dennis2094 My name is Flanker, but, uh, some people call me Flank, but I prefer Flanker cuz Flank sounds like a girl's name, but if you want to call me Flank, you can :P
@@bluesky-fy5tj Mechanic. That's all you need to know. I'm gonna get outta this piece of shit city if it kills me.
MAH FRIENDS CALL ME BRUTE!
BRUTE!
BLOXYLAND!
God damn it.
I have a feeling this would be made as a game and more characters would be added like marksman being like Louis and anni being Francis and btw this Is so fire asf nice one bro 🙏
bill being the trooper
@@bruh-kr4su I mean if this vid was accurate the mechanic would have been Ellis because Ellis is a talkative mechanic
Most random thing I've watched, yet it's still pretty good. Nice job
This is amazing and very well made , lets hope tf2 players dont see this and immediatly comment those annoying things
But why would we do that?
@@PootisBirdTF2mate, ive seen comments saying "Just play tf2" and "Did you know TF2 has no bots now?"
if you wanna piss them off you tell them the game's dead and valve will have a 99% chance of not updating it anymore
@@lambda-m1676 i dont wanna piss em off, they just get pissed when knockoff games are still alive
This makes so happy as a l4d2 player. You are a legend for this.
Absolutely beautiful animation. Be proud of yourself dude you're gonna go far with this much skill and effort!
Man, the animation, the character faces, cosmetics and even some special infected.
this is 10/10 anim. good work
HOLY CRAP THIS IS FANTASTIC!!!!
Wow. Beautiful animations. Everything is so smooth looking. 10/10 animation
Very well done, living l4d2 with this, good job.
As Coach would say: HELL YEAH!!!
WHOOOO! YEAH BABY!
Barbecue bacon burger.
Holy shit, this is one of the finest works of arts relating to tc2 (and parts of arsenal)
Everything down to the camerawork is just as good as the original. Great work my guy
Good animation! We finally found the left 2 rot game.
This has to be the best tc2 animation I’ve ever watched
Its just like cinematic trailer, as a l4d veteran this is a banger, this is a masterpeice i enjoyed it, you did a very good job on and i would love to see more l4d typical colors remakes 🙏❤
I love the subtitles you must have put a lot of effort into them
Dudeee this is Dope as hell!!
now make the first l4d intro
oh god😭
2:36: Flanker is holding the "Experimental All Sides" but instead of M1911s its P250s
this is some good shit man, i hope this blows up more in the foreseeable future. I hope you make even more of these, your animation rocks!
This is the greatest thing I have seen. Ever. I need more of this.
If you ever decide to do the L4D1 intro, could you do it with the Left 2 Die cast?
Genuititly one the best TC2 animations I ever saw
2 of my favorite things combined. I love you.
THIS IS FREAKIN' SICK!!!!
the characters man! they fit in so well!
did anyone see that retro zombie in 2:20
😉
Yes
Yupeoo!
Bro is in the wrong crowd 💀💀💀💀😂😂😂😂😂😂
Blud server hopped to the wrong game💀💀
Oh man this is very well done dude
This is unbelievably good, props to you ❤👍
Using the groovy grinder as a chainsaw is perfect
DENNIS COOKING WITH THIS ONE DAMN!!!🔥🔥🔥🔥
Dennis, this animation is lit bradda!
It's really cool L4D2 parody 👍
thi si the most smooth an beautiful animation.
the funniest part is that the youtube identifies has a left 2 dead video, so this is very accurated
hell, even i don't know whether this is a tc2 video or l4d2 video
imagining rolve making a l4d game rn
THIS SHOULD BE A FUCKING REALITY, ABSOLUTE PERFECTION!!!!
Great animation
I never knew Roblox players could animate so well
DAMN IT'S SO REALLY GOOD
"i find a burger tank in this place im be a one man chease burger apacolyps" -couch from left 4 dead 2
The only thing that i dont like is the fact that the engineer is nick, if it was the sniper i think it was to going to fit more, but after all, amazing animation! I really liked it.
hugh dillon as mechanic is just soooo fitting to me😭
Can’t wait to see how popular this’ll be in a couple a years
as a tc2 and a l4d2 fan this is amazing
Damn all the voices fit pretty well
2:22 Easter egg: the zombie brick battler is in a retro zombie standing position so is the guest.
hehheehehehehehe
@@TF_Dennis2094 creative
Really cool animation. Great job.
The special infected could’ve been the bosses from the bosses gamemode. Missed chance but either way the animation is so well done!
Yo you should definitely do a dead center campaign animation, it would be so dope holy shit
It's sad that a lot of places with high l4d potential are either dismissed or completely forgotten about
Got Damn! This is clean!
Amazing. Absolutely bloody amazing!
cheers mate🍾
I loved this Masterpiece!
I love left 4 dead 2 and this video puts a smile on my face
10/10 one of my childhood favorite zombie games left 4 dead 2
this is sooooo good!!!
✋😲🤚
Absolute Cinema
now I wish there was some sort of TC2 x L4D2 type thing because this is fire as fuck
well there was a mod on the steam workshop that replaced the survivors with the tc2 mercs, but idk where that went ]:
absolute cinema
This might be a really good animation
Good animation (i subbed)
DEVS!!! GIVE THIS MAN A BLOXY!!
My eyes………. THUS IS ******* AMAZING!!!!!
"Mom, can I make TF2 sfm animations?"
mom: we already have TF2 sfm animations at home
And after this He got a Strange Bloxy Award. 🏆
I wasn't expected the special captions-
Its beautiful. No its more than that! Its. Its PERFECT! - Medic
ooh, vunderbar!
@@TF_Dennis2094 Jawohl!
I really want someone to make this as a official add-on in the game paired with the guts & blackpowder zombies
Mechanic:I hate you Flanker!.
Flanker: Well I still like you Mechanic.
@@TF_Dennis2094😨
this goes insanely hard 🔥🔥🔥
If only we could get a L4D2 remake in Roblox that doesn't stop progress after a few years
this is fuckin amazing, really good job
You: Time to play some Left 4 dead 2!
Game: First, watch this intro please.
*hits space*
Nice job!
i really like the agent design TBH
as a left 4 dead 2 gamer i have to agree that i always explode
That was amazing
This is a masterpiece when l4d2 crossover with tc2 real
Imagine if Rolve actually made a new game like this
Dennis has found: Genuine Bloxy Award
Ah yes, this is the mvm of tc2.
The idea is 200% novel but I just don’t know how exactly it could be pulled off
Brute with the genuine groovy grinder 💀💀💀
g r o o v y
@@TF_Dennis2094how groovy
Did I ever tell you about the time me and Jeramy go onto a roller coaster with paintball gun? - flanker probably
Hey Flanker, why don't you tell us about the time you shut up? - Mechanic
@@TF_Dennis2094ok
dr right would love this so much
After watching this I want this to be a full available addon on the steam workshop for the game